Lebanese University

University Institute of Technology

Communication and Computer
Networking Engineering

MASTER OF ENGENEERING IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Final Exam
ANTENNAS Closed books
Duration :2 hours

I- Study of a traveling wave antenna. (6 P)

A traveling wave, wired antenna of length L = , is placed along the z-

axis of an orthogonal coordinate system (see figure below). The current
on a point M(z) of antenna is given by:
() =

Z P

We consider that the antenna is without the ground plane,

1- Find the expression of the scalar product .
= ( )
.
2- Find the expression of vector product (UzUr)Ur
3- Demonstrate that the electric field can be expressed as:

sin() L k k cos()
E(P) C.L.exp j. sinU With
2

4- Draw the shape of radiation pattern for representation with 0 << +180.
 II- Radiation of an Aperture Antenna (14 P)
A perfectly conductor rectangular aperture (slot) antenna, of dimensions 2a along the x-axis and 2b
along the y-axis, is mounted on the x-y plane, and centered at O (see the figure below).
Suppose that 2a << and 2b=

Y P

-a O a X

-b

Assuming that the fields in the aperture have locally the structure of a plane wave, and the electric
field in the aperture is given by:
(, ) = 0

1) The direction of propagation in the surface of aperture is along the positive z-axis. Give
the expression of the magnetic field vector (x, y) in the aperture.
2) It is proposed to apply the equivalence theorem to the rectangular aperture. Give the
expressions of the equivalent electrical currents
(x, y) and of the equivalent magnetic

currents (x, y).
3) Show that the radiated field can be expressed as follow:

() = sin
(R)(1 + cos )(cos )
4


Where = (, ) .
4) Find the expression of the scalar product .
= ( )
.
5) The double integral F is separable in x and y, it can be expressed in the form of a product
of two simple integrals: Fx and Fy. Find the expressions of Fx and Fy.
6) Dealing with Fx integral:
a. Using the fact that the dimension a << , show that this integral takes a very simple
expression.
b. Deduce the radiation pattern in the plane y = 0 (xoz). Draw the shape of the diagram.
7) Dealing with Fy integral:
a. Evaluate the integral Fy
b. Deduce the expression of the radiation pattern in the plane x = 0 (yoz).
c. Draw the shape of this radiation pattern.

Spherical coordinates:
Giving:

() =