02 Technical Lecture ED BRIDGE

2016 MIDAS Technical Chat
Practical Design of
Extradosed Bridges midas
Civil
Inki Choi
Head-Design(Bridges),
Larsen & Toubro Construction
L&T Construction
1. Introduction
2. Design Procedure midas
Civil
3. Design Example
4. Comparative study
5. Reference Project
1. Introduction Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Extradosed Bridge?
Meaning of Extradosed
The name comes from the French word extradoss, which is derived from
the word extrados, the exterior curve of an arch.
Historical Extradosed Bridge

Ganter Bridge Odawara Blue Way Bridge Kisogawa Bridge
(Swizerland,1980) (Japan,1994) (Japan,2001)
L&T Construction
Slide 3 3
Lecture
by L&T
Characteristics of Extradoesd bridge
Aesthetic point of view

Looks similar with cable stayed bridge
with tower and cable
Structural behavior point

Behave similar with girder bridge
Key Aspects
Slenderer depth than girder bridge
=> Less concrete consumption
Lower tower height than cable
stayed bridge
=> Easy Construction
Economical application to 100m to
200m main span
L&T Construction
Slide 4 4
Lecture
by L&T
Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges
Structural difference with Cable-stayed bridges

Less Stress variation on cable due to live load.
Range of stress variation is important governing factor of stay cables due to
fatigue
L&T Construction
Slide 5 5
Lecture
by L&T
Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load ()

Distribution on stay cables and girder of vertical uniform load on the main
span
L&T Construction
Slide 6 6
Lecture
by L&T
Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load ()

Load distribution to girder : 79%
Load distribution to stay cable : 21%
L&T Construction
Slide 7 7
Lecture
by L&T
Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load () vs stress range due to live load
L&T Construction
Slide 8 8
Lecture
by L&T
Parametric comparison
Economical parameter for different type

GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN APPLICABLE SPAN
TYPE OF BRDIGE PYLON HEIGHT to SPAN
MID Support RANGE
GIRDER BRIDGE (>100m span) 1:40~1:50 1:15~1:20 - 100~180m

EXTRADOSED BRIDGE 1:40~1:50 1:30~1:40 1:8 ~ 1:15 100~200m
CABLE STAYED BRDIGE 1.5m~2.5m uniform 1:4 ~ 1:5 200~800m
Tentative dimension for 200m main span
GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN APPLICABLE SPAN

TYPE OF BRDIGE PYLON HEIGHT to SPAN
MID Support RANGE
GIRDER BRIDGE (>100m span) 5.0m~4.0m 13.5m~10m - 200m
EXTRADOSED BRIDGE 5.0m~4.0m 7.0m~5.0m 25m ~ 13m 200m
CABLE STAYED BRDIGE 1.5m~2.5m 50m ~ 40m 200m
L&T Construction
Slide 9 9
Lecture
by L&T
Equivalent thickness of concrete
L&T Construction
Slide 10 10
Lecture
by L&T
Post-tensioning Tendon
L&T Construction
Slide 11 11
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
midas
2. Design Procedure Civil
3. Design Example
4. Comparative Study
L&T Construction
Slide 12 12
2. Design Procedure Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Design procedure flow chart
Planning / Preparation of Concept / Design basis
Clearance
Understanding Requirement functional width / traffic lane
Survey information ( Soil / Topo & Bathymetry )

Span arrangement Structural efficiency / Foundation cost
Decision on bearing system
Single cell, multi cell, Steel or Concrete

Decide Cross section Number of stay cable plane
Fan type
Arranging Stay cable Harp type
Dead Load / Superimposed Dead Load

Determine the loading Live Load / Wind Load / Thermal effect
Seismic loading
L&T Construction
Slide 13 13
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse design stage

Strip model analysis
Transverse Analysis Plate element analysis
Reinforcement design
Serviceability limit Crack assessment
Stress limit of concrete and reinforcement
Bending moment capacity

Strength limit Shear Capacity
Review of clashes Any clash : Transverse tendon duct / rebar / anchorage / duct space
Embedded items (drainage scup / lighting foundation / lifting or
Details
handling hole etc.)
Finalizing section
L&T Construction
Slide 14 14
Lecture
by L&T
Longitudinal analysis stage

Construction Stage Analysis
Longitudinal Analysis Final stage Analysis
Girder design
Construction stage Stay Cable Design
Requirement of temporary PT
Stress limit
Serviceability design
Stay Cable Check
Bending capacity
Strength limit Shear capacity
Torsional capacity
Loss of Cable
Additional Cable Check Replacement of Cable
Vibration
Anchorage details
Finalizing Design Review of clashes
Preparation of casting curve / camber drawing
L&T Construction
Slide 15 15
Lecture
by L&T
Span Arrangement
Horizontal and Vertical Clearance

Horizontal Clearance shall be decided based on requirement
(e.g. Navigational Channel, geometrical requirement)
Vertical clearance (Navigational or traffic)
Side span / Main Span ratio
0.6 would be economical parameter in general
L&T Construction
Slide 16 16
Lecture
by L&T
Cross Section / Number of Cable plane
Single-Cell vs. Multi-cell

Depends on the functional requirement(i.e. required width based on traffic
assessment)
Single plane or double plane stay cable

Girder Cross section related to cable anchorage
L&T Construction
Slide 17 17
Lecture
by L&T
Stay Cable Design

Harp type vs. Fan type
Cable arrangement shall be decided considering Aesthetics, construction
efficiency, overall cost etc.
Harp Type Fan Type
Shape
Eccentricity Less Eccentricity More Eccentricity

Anchor Detail Simple Complicated
Design specification applicable

PTI Recommendation for Stay Cable Design, SETRA, EURO CODE
- SLS
PTI : flimit=0.6fpu (fL : not exceed 70MPa in rare comb. )
SETRA : flimit=0.6fpu (fL : not exceed 50MPa in frequent comb. )
- ULS : flimit=0.75fpu (PTI and SETRA)
L&T Construction
Slide 18 18
Lecture
by L&T
Stay Cable Design
PTI Recommendation (6th Edition)

Resistance factor given referring AASHTO LRFD design specification load
combination
L&T Construction
Slide 19 19
Lecture
by L&T
Stay Cable Design

Euro Code (EN-1993-1-11)
Ultimate Limit States
Serviceability limit States
L&T Construction
Slide 20 20
Lecture
by L&T
Girder Design
During Construction
Tensile stress limit : : No tension in Segmental construction, k1fctm or k6fctm
for cast-in-situ construction (IRC112-2011)
Compression stress limit : k1fck or k6fck (IRC112-2011)
Service limit State

Tensile stress limit : No tension for Segmental construction, fctm for cast-in-
situ construction (IRC )
Compression stress limit : 0.48fck
L&T Construction
Slide 21 21
Lecture
by L&T
Girder Design
Ultimate limit State

Ultimate Moment capacity Ultimate Shear Capacity
Ultimate Torsional Capacity
L&T Construction
Slide 22 22
Lecture
by L&T
Pylon Design
Aesthetic design
L&T Construction
Slide 23 23
Lecture
by L&T
Pylon Design
Anchorage Design
Single Tube Type Mono Tube Type Anchor Box Type
L&T Construction
Slide 24 24
Lecture
by L&T
Pylon Design
Anchorage Design
L&T Construction
Slide 25 25
Lecture
by L&T
Connection to Pylon
Bearing vs. Monolithic
L&T Construction
Slide 26 26
Lecture
by L&T
Expansion Joints
Expansion Joint at Support location

Conventional support system
No concern about long-term deflection
L&T Construction
Slide 27 27
Lecture
by L&T
Expansion Joints
Expansion Joint at Mid Span

Needle Beam type or Hinge Joint
Needle Beam Type Hinge Type
GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING FIXED BEARING
ACTED BY (+) MOMENT ACTED BY (-) MOMENT ACTED BY (-) MOMENT ACTED BY (+) MOMENT
GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING FIXED BEARING GUIDED BEARING

ACTED BY (-) MOMENT ACTED BY (+) MOMENT ACTED BY (+) MOMENT ACTED BY (-) MOMENT
1,250 4,900 1,700 4,900 1,250

14,000
Port Mann Bridge

Otay River Bridge
L&T Construction
Slide 28 28
Lecture
by L&T
Foundation Design
Pile foundation vs. Well foundation
Pile Foundation Well Foundation
applicable if scour depth is high where pile

Economical in case less scour depth
foundation is not feasible
Less construction time and flexible
Less equipment required
arrangement of pile
High geotechnical lateral resistance
L&T Construction
Slide 29 29
Lecture
by L&T
Foundation Design
Construction Methodology of Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 30 30
Lecture
by L&T
Foundation Design
Construction Methodology of Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 31 31
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
Civil
3. Design Example
L&T Construction
Slide 32 32
3. Design Example Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Design Parameter
Material Property
Concrete
M55 Superstructure , Upper pylon and lower pylon
M35 - Foundation
Post-tensioning strand
E = 195000 MPa
Poisson ratio = 0.3
12T15 and 19T15 prestressing tendons
Stay cable
E = 195000 MPa
15.7mm dia. strand
Reinforcement
Fe 500
L&T Construction
Slide 33 33
Lecture
by L&T
Bridge general arrangement
Span arrangement
110 m + 180 m + 110 m
L&T Construction
Slide 34 34
Lecture
by L&T
Bridge general arrangement
Cross section
Girder Depth : 3.5m ~ 5.5m
Deck width : 28.0m
L&T Construction
Slide 35 35
Lecture
by L&T
Design Loading
Permanent Load
Self weight
Super imposed dead Load
SIDL variable (Wearing coat , Overlay)
SIDL fixed (Crash barrier etc..)
Variable Live Load (IRC112-2011 cl.204)
Carriageway live load ( 70R, Class A,..)
Pedestrian live load
L&T Construction
Slide 36 36
Lecture
by L&T
Design Loading
Thermal Load
Temperature gradient (IRC112-2011 cl.215.3)
Uniform temperature (IRC112-2011 cl.215.2)
Stay cable temperature
Wind Load (IRC112-2011 cl.209)
L&T Construction
Slide 37 37
Lecture
by L&T
Design Loading
Seismic Load
Accidental Load
Vehicle Collison
Barge impact
Impact due to floating bodies
Hydraulic Loads
Water current forces
Wave pressure
Buoyancy
Construction Loads
Earth pressure
L&T Construction
Slide 38 38
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Analysis
Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

Dead Load, SIDL, Pre-stressing, Thermal load etc.
L&T Construction
Slide 39 39
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Analysis
Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

Construction stage analysis considering time- dependent material property
BMD : Self Weight
BMD : Tendon Primary
L&T Construction
Slide 40 40
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Analysis
Transverse Analysis using Plate Element Analysis Model

Live load dispersion to be taken in to consideration
L&T Construction
Slide 41 41
Lecture
by L&T
Transverse Design Summary
Typical section Reinforcement drawing
L&T Construction
Slide 42 42
Lecture
by L&T
Longitudinal Analysis Model
Line Beam analysis Model
L&T Construction
Slide 43 43
Lecture
by L&T
Loading Application
Self-Weight and SIDL
Live Load
Wind
Thermal
Seismic
Tendon Arrangement
Stay Cable
Cantilever Tendon
Bottom Tendon ContinuityL&T

Tendon
Construction
Slide 44 44
Lecture
by L&T
Similar scheme with Balanced Cantilever Girder Bridge
Pylon and Stay Cable to be added

L&T Construction
Slide 45 45
Lecture
by L&T
Construction stage Analysis Result

Construction sequence, age of segment, creep shrinkage
L&T Construction
Slide 46 46
Lecture
by L&T
Casting Curve
Reference curve data during fabrication
Final total camber + Vertical Profile
Camber Table during erection
Reference curve data during erection
Pylon
L&T Construction
Slide 47 47
Lecture
by L&T
Longitudinal Design Summary
Construction stage result
Top Stresses During Construction Stages
L&T Construction
Slide 48 48
Lecture
by L&T
Bottom Stresses During Construction Stages
L&T Construction
Slide 49 49
Lecture
by L&T
Girder Stress at bottom & Top - Final Construction Stage
L&T Construction
Slide 50 50
Lecture
by L&T
Post Construction stage Analysis result
Girder Stress Live Load
Cable Stress Live Load
L&T Construction
Slide 51 51
Lecture
by L&T
Service Limit State Result
Top stresses in Rare Combination ( Live load Leading with temperature accompanying)
L&T Construction
Slide 52 52
Lecture
by L&T
Service Limit State Result
Bottom stresses in Rare Combination ( Live load Leading with temperature accompanying)
L&T Construction
Slide 53 53
Lecture
by L&T
Ultimate Limit State Result (Bending Moment Capacity)
L&T Construction
Slide 54 54
Lecture
by L&T
Ultimate Limit State Result (Shear & Torsion Capacity)
L&T Construction
Slide 55 55
Lecture
by L&T
Miscellaneous design
Anchor Blister Design
Design as per section no 13 of IRC 112-2011
Diaphragm design
Design as per section no 13 of IRC 112-2011
Bearing and Expansion joint

Drainage and street lighting
Pavement
L&T Construction
Slide 56 56
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
Civil
3. Design Example
L&T Construction
Slide 57 57
4. Comparative Study Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Description of Case Study
Bridge Length
400m (=110m + 180m +110m)
Width of deck
28m (6 lane = 2 x 3lane)
Key Dimension for case studies
GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN PYLON HEIGHT

TYPE OF BRDIGE Remark
MID Support to SPAN
EXTRADOSED BRIDGE 3.5m 5.5m 22m Extradosed Bridge
GIRDER BRIDGE 3.5m 5.5m - Same Depth as Extradosed Bridge
GIRDER BRIDGE 3.5m 10.0m - Conventional Balanced Cantilever
L&T Construction
Slide 58 58
Lecture
by L&T
Comparison : Balanced Cantilever Bridge vs. Extradosed Bridge
Extradosed Bridge with external stay cable (Girder depth at support = 5.5m)
Elevation
BMD 2,80,000kN.m
Stress
No Tension
L&T Construction
Slide 59 59
Lecture
by L&T
Extradosed Bridge with external stay cable (Girder depth at support = 5.5m)
Elevation
BMD 11,25,000kN.m
Stress
19.1 Mpa
Girder depth shall be

increased
L&T Construction
Slide 60 60
Lecture
by L&T
Balanced Cantilever Bridge (Girder depth at support = 10.0m)
Elevation
BMD 6,84,100 kN.m
Stress
No tension
L&T Construction
Slide 61 61
Lecture
by L&T
Findings
Depth of Girder
Depth of girder to be increased at support from 5.5m to 10m.
Vertical profile to be raised in order to satisfy navigation clearance.
Material Quantity
Concrete : 15~25% saving in case of extradosed bridge
Post-tensioning Tendon : Similar amount tendon consumed
Stay cable : additional 150 Ton stay cable required.
Constructability
23m high above deck to be constructed. Additional 1 month construction
period
L&T Construction
Slide 62 62
Technical
Lecture
by L&T
1. Introduction
Civil
3. Design Example
L&T Construction
Slide 63 63
5. Reference Projects Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Second Vivekananda Bridge (SVBTC), Kolkata
Feature of project
Span configuration : 7 X 110 m + 2 X 55 m (880 m )
Width of bridge : 28.6 m
Foundation : Well Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 64 64
Lecture
by L&T
3rd Narmada Bridge, Gujarat
Feature of project
Span configuration : 8 X 144 m + 2 X 96 m (1344 m)
Foundation : Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 65 65
Lecture
by L&T
3rd Narmada Bridge, Gujarat
General arrangement drawing
L&T Construction
Slide 66 66
Lecture
by L&T
Barapullah Bridge, Delhi
Feature of project
Span configuration : 3 X 127.5 m + 2 X 85 m (552.5 m)
L&T Construction
Slide 67 67
Lecture
by L&T
Barapullah Bridge, Delhi
L&T Construction
Slide 68 68
Lecture
by L&T
Kacchi Dargah, Bihar
Feature of project
Total length : 9.759 km ( Extradosed Bridge)
L&T Construction
Slide 69 69
Lecture
by L&T
Kacchi Dargah, Bihar
L&T Construction
Slide 70 70
Lecture
by L&T
Mandovi Bridge, Goa : Cable Stayed Bridge
Feature of project
Span Configuration : 3 X 150 m + 2 X 85 m (620 m)
Width of bridge : 21 m
Foundation : Pile Foundation
L&T Construction
Slide 71 71
Lecture
by L&T
Mandovi Bridge, Goa : Cable Stayed Bridge
L&T Construction
Slide 72 72
2016 MIDAS Technical Chat Technical
Lecture
by L&T
Practical Design of
Extradosed Bridges
midas
Civil
THANK YOU
Inki Choi
Head-Design(Bridges)
Larsen & Toubro Construction
L&T Construction
L&T Construction
Slide 73 73

02 Technical Lecture ED BRIDGE

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02 Technical Lecture ED BRIDGE

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2016 MIDAS Technical Chat

Historical Extradosed Bridge

Characteristics of Extradoesd bridge

Aesthetic point of view

Structural behavior point

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

Structural difference with Cable-stayed bridges

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load ()

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load ()

Structural behavior of Extradosed bridges

Distribution Ratio of Vertical Load () vs stress range due to live load

Economical parameter for different type

GIRDER BRIDGE (>100m span) 1:40~1:50 1:15~1:20 - 100~180m

Tentative dimension for 200m main span

GIRDER DEPTH to SPAN APPLICABLE SPAN

Equivalent thickness of concrete

Design procedure flow chart

Planning / Preparation of Concept / Design basis

Survey information ( Soil / Topo & Bathymetry )

Single cell, multi cell, Steel or Concrete

Dead Load / Superimposed Dead Load

Design procedure flow chart

Transverse design stage

Bending moment capacity

Design procedure flow chart

Longitudinal analysis stage

Horizontal and Vertical Clearance

Cross Section / Number of Cable plane

Single-Cell vs. Multi-cell

Single plane or double plane stay cable

Stay Cable Design

Harp Type Fan Type

Eccentricity Less Eccentricity More Eccentricity

Design specification applicable

Stay Cable Design

PTI Recommendation (6th Edition)

Stay Cable Design

Ultimate Limit States

Serviceability limit States

Service limit State

Ultimate limit State

Ultimate Torsional Capacity

Single Tube Type Mono Tube Type Anchor Box Type

Bearing vs. Monolithic

Expansion Joint at Support location

Expansion Joint at Mid Span

GUIDED BEARING GUIDED BEARING FIXED BEARING GUIDED BEARING

1,250 4,900 1,700 4,900 1,250

Port Mann Bridge

Pile foundation vs. Well foundation

Pile Foundation Well Foundation

applicable if scour depth is high where pile

Bridge general arrangement

Bridge general arrangement

Stay cable temperature

Wind Load (IRC112-2011 cl.209)

Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

Transverse Analysis using Beam Model

BMD : Tendon Primary

Transverse Analysis using Plate Element Analysis Model

Transverse Design Summary