INTRODUCTION

Occupational safety and health (OSH) also commonly referred to as occupational health
and safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety (WHS) is an area concerned with the safety,
health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goals of occupational safety
and health programs include to foster a safe and healthy work environment. OSH may also
protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others who might be
affected by the workplace environment. In the United States the term occupational health and
safety is referred to as occupational health and occupational and non-occupational safety and
includes safety for activities outside work. In common-law jurisdictions, employers have a
common law duty to take reasonable care for the safety of their employees. Statute law may
build upon this to impose additional general duties, introduce specific duties and create
government bodies with powers to regulate workplace safety issues: details of this will vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Considering that a significant proportion of a persons life is spent at work, it is vital that
the workplace is a safe and healthy environment. OHS professionals focus on preventing
workplace injury and illness. On a day to day basis they could be involved in health and safety
audits and inspections, modifying and monitoring hazards in the workplace, designing work
environments, investigating incidents and delivering education programs. Some OHS
professionals choose to specialise in occupational hygiene, ergonomics, occupational health or
occupational safety. As the workplace becomes increasingly complex, new demands have arisen
for greater understanding of the causes and means of prevention of accidents, injuries and
illnesses. Government officials, academics, management and labour all have important roles to
play in conducting the research that furthers this understanding. The critical next step is the
effective transmission of this information to workers, supervisors, managers, government
inspectors and safety and health professionals. Although education for occupational physicians
and hygienists differs in many respects from the training of workers on the shop floor, there are
also common principles that apply to all.

National education and training policies and practices will of course vary according to the
economic, political, social, cultural and technological background of the country. In general,
industrially advanced nations have proportionally more specialized occupational safety and
health practitioners at their disposal than do the developing nations, and more sophisticated
education and training programmes are available to these trained workers. More rural and less
industrialized nations tend to rely more on primary health care workers, who may be worker
representatives in factories or fields or health personnel in district health centres. Clearly,
training needs and available resources will vary greatly in these situations. However, they all
have in common the need for trained practitioners. Finally, OSH is charged with ensuring
employers provide a healthy and safe work environment for their employers by establishing
guidelines and safety standards. They investigate complaints regarding safety violations and
ensure that any hazards or dangerous work environments are corrected.
Roles of an Engineer related to Safety and Health Issues

The roles of an Engineer related to Safety and Health is to make sure the works is done by
following the instruction based on engineering practices. That is the reason an engineer needs to
know a fundamental knowledge such as physics, chemistry, biology, phycology, safety and health
program, industrial processes and many others.

It is needed to avoid any accident or dangerous occurrences from happened in the place of
works. Besides that, it is because any nature liable to cause bodily injury could occur when works
especially using a machinery or equipment.

Role of an engineer to avoid accident happen in work place

Moral responsibilities of an engineer related to safety & health
The moral and forward-looking sense of responsibility is the sense in which one is
responsible for achieving (or maintaining) a good result in some matter. The idea is that one is
entrusted with achieving or maintaining this outcome, and expected to both have relevant
knowledge and skills, and to make a conscientious effort. However, despite one's best efforts,
the result may not be achieved. For example, patients of responsible physicians may die, and the
work of a responsible engineer may result in an accident because the accident was not
foreseeable, it was not possible to compensate for the factors causing the accident, or because
others were unwilling to heed the engineer's warnings.

The moral and backward-looking sense of responsibility is that in which a person or

group deserves ethical evaluation for some act or outcome, that is deserves moral praise for a
good outcome or blame for a bad one. The moral sense of responsibility should not be confused
with the causal sense of responsibility for some existing or past state of affairs. However, when a
moral agent is causally responsible for some outcome, that is some reason to think that the agent
is morally responsible for it. Causal responsibility is not conclusive evidence of moral
responsibility, however. If one's actions case a terrible outcome only because of bad moral luck,
in the form of a freak accident, then one is not morally responsible for the outcome.

Forward-looking responsibilities are often specified in terms of the outcome to be

achieved rather than the acts to be performed. It takes judgment to figure out what acts will
achieve a given outcome. For this reason you will hear the phrase or used to mean an age at
which a person is sufficiently mature to exercise such judgment. Such practical wisdom is not
required in order to fulfill many obligations which are often specified in terms of the acts to be
performed or to be avoided. For example, contrast the engineer's responsibility for the safety of
the public with a citizen's obligation to testify when witness to a crime. Notice that "obligation"
would never be used in the way "responsible" is, to refer to a virtue of a person.

Discussion of an engineer's inherent interaction with society and societal needs, leads
naturally to an engineer's responsibility to society. All engineers must expert with this moral
requirements to apply their knowledge in ways that benefit the rest of the society with their
employee such as:

Safety and Welfare of the Public and of Clients

Professional Ethics
Legal Liabilities of Engineers
Environmental Responsibilities
Quality
Communications
Current acts related to Safety and Health Issues (include OSHA 1994, FMA 1967, OSH
policies etc)
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) is an Act that provides the
legislative framework to secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian work forces
and to protect others against risks to safety or health in relation with the activities of persons at
work stated under OSHA 1994 Part 1 (section 1). This Act was born on24th February 1994 and
cited as the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. This Act is a practical tool cover on existing
safety and health legislation. Besides that, to establish the National Council for Occupational
Safety and Health and for matters connected therewith. The OSHA 1994 provides the legislative
framework to promote, stimulate and encourage high standards of safety and health at work. The
aim is to promote safety and health awareness and establish effective safety organization and
performance through self regulation schemes designed to suit the particular industry or
organization, and by the accumulation of influences and pressures, operating at many levels in a
variety of ways and the Act promotes the concepts of self-regulation, consultation and cooperation.
The long term goal of the Act is to create a healthy and safe working culture among all Malaysian
employees and employers as stated under OSHA 1994 Part 1 (section 3). There are several
objectives of OSHA 1994 that stated under Part 1 (section 4) which is firstly, for securing the
safety, health and welfare of person at work. Secondly, protect at a place of work other than
employees. Thirdly, promote a suitable environment for person at work. Lastly, enable previous
legislation to be replaced by regulations and approved industry order of practice operating in
combination with the OSHA 1994.

The Act, consisting of 15 parts, is an enabling measure which is superimposed over existing
safety and health legislations such as the Factories and Machinery Act 1967.Provisions of the
Occupational Safety and Health Act complement provisions of the existing legislations and in the
event any conflict, provisions of the Act shall prevail. The Act, defines general duties of
employers, manufacturers, employees, and self employed, designers, importers and suppliers.
Although these duties are of a general character, they are very demanding, carrying a wide ranging
set of responsibilities. APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS The Act provides for the appointment of
enforcement officers, establishment of a National council for Occupational Safety and Health, and
formulation of organization policy and arrangement is to secure the safety, health and welfare of
people at work and protect other people against risks to safety and health arising from the activity
of people at work.
Roles of an Occupational Safety, Health & Environment (OSHE) Department in
organization/industry related to Public Interest & Social Impact.

Public Interest And The Professions

The essence of professional conduct and standards is that they embody more than the
narrow pursuit of the interests of the client or the professional himself. The notion of professional
standards indicates the existence of wider obligations, one aspect of which is the recognition of
the impact which an activity has on the public. On examination, all professions that justify such a
description share, as one of their aims, the maintenance of the public interest, the nature of that
interest depending on the activities in question. Thus, the public interest element in the medical
profession is obvious enough, although now recognized as involving many ethical conflicts, such
as the allocation of limited medical resources. The legal professions, as an important part of their
function, have to safeguard the public interest in the proper administration of justice, expressed
through long-standing professional rules. Some of these are currently under public debate,
including the question of rights of audience in the higher Courts. Also figuring prominently in
recent months are the financial services professions, whose activities can now be seen to
encompass a major public interest element in the maintenance of confidence in the free market
system. In each of these cases, and others too, it is necessary to identify the nature and extent of
the public interest and the corresponding public duty which can be said to fall on the profession.
The engineering profession is in no special position except, in having so far avoided public debate
on its ethical codes.

The conventional starting point for a debate on public interest issues would be to examine
the relevant rules of professional conduct and the procedures for maintenance of standards for the
profession. These are discussed below in relation to engineering. Yet these rules and procedures
cannot be regarded as definitive of the public interest. There exist overriding considerations which
will be determined by the nature of the professional activity in question and from which the rules
currently in force must derive their relevance and authority. The task of the professional bodies
must be to identify and to reflect in their rules of conduct and procedures what the public interest
demands of that profession. If the professional bodies fall behind in this role, they risk becoming
irrelevant in that the public will itself become the driving force, expressed through Court actions
or by government intervention in the name of the public.
Actions Required By Engineers

It is one thing to require engineers to safeguard the public interest, but quite another to lay
down actions required in particular circumstances. Even more difficult is to define how an engineer
should act in the public interest in circumstances short of impending disaster. In addition to
problems of interpretation, none of the codes descends to any detail as to the steps which are to be
expected of an engineer when complying with his duty to the public. It is clear that such a duty is
not to be aligned with legal duties. No direct guidance can be expected from the Courts, since their
principal function will be to review the fairness of disciplinary procedures rather than the detailed
reasons for a decision. The question of how the ethical duties of an engineer are to be identified in
relation to particular facts was discussed in the second article. The point, which has now been
made repeatedly, is that the relevant standards and the conduct expected from engineers must be
determined by the profession itself through its ethical conduct machinery. Therein lays the real
ethical challenge which faces the engineering institutions. The need for confidentiality has in the
past, prevented decisions being made available as a source of guidance generally only the decision
itself is published and not the reasons. But the progressive impact of Human Rights Law and the
recognition of the need for transparency should result in such material becoming more accessible.
In some jurisdictions disciplinary cases are already being published in truncated form. For
example, the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario publishes accounts of disciplinary
proceedings in its Gazette, where a summary of the arguments and evidence is given, together with
the decision and reasons of the tribunal. With regard to the UK institutions, it may be noted that
the Construction Industry Council (CIC) has recently established an independent appeals tribunal
available to its member bodies. This is intended to provide for a remedy compliant with the Human
Rights Act where a person subject to disciplinary proceedings wishes to put the case before an
independent tribunal. Example, one not consisting of members of the relevant institution. The CIC
appeals procedure provides for the tribunal to issue a reasoned judgment and to provide a copy to
the institution for publication. Thus, even if the institutions themselves do not publish their
decisions, the appeals tribunal will, in time, become a source of guidance. The institutions may
take note that, in common with other appeals tribunals, the decision appealed from and its reasons
will become apparent from the appeal decision. This should encourage the institutions themselves
to publish their disciplinary decisions, at least in the interests of achieving uniformity as well as
clarifying the relevant rules.
Actions Required By Institutions

While the institutions all operate professional conduct procedures dealing with cases of
incompetence or other misconduct meriting disciplinary action, there is little indication of any
steps currently being taken to enforce the duty imposed by the codes of conduct to uphold the
public interest. The reason for this may be that all the disciplinary procedures operate, seemingly
exclusively on complaints made by people who consider themselves to have suffered as individuals
from the actions an Engineer. This is inherently unlikely to give rise to any serious complaint of
failing to safeguard the public interest. Yet it is not difficult to identify many circumstances in
which the actions of engineers do impinge seriously on the interests of the public as opposed to
individuals. Indeed the nature of the public interest is that it will often be opposed to the interests
of the immediate client. Thus, if the institutions are to maintain their role as guardian of the public
interest, it may be that the institutions themselves must take on the role of enforcement without
relying on individual members of the public to initiate a complaint.
 It has already been suggested that the institutions cannot regard their function in relation
to the public interest as secondary and as limited to giving advice and encouragement. Their role
must encompass monitoring and where a need is apparent enforcement. This may require the
institutions themselves to take disciplinary action against their own members who are perceived
to be acting or failing to act in a manner which is contrary to the public interest. The institutions
should not wait for the Courts to define their role for them. As a first step the institutions should
review and seek to define what they intend by requiring members to uphold the public interest.
The debate should include all the institutions, which should then seek to decide, collectively what
steps they are prepared to take to ensure that the public interest is indeed upheld.

As a conclusion, it is tempting to conclude that beyond a few high-profile cases where

engineers have stepped out of line to warn of impending disasters. The engineering institutions
have been enabled to take a conveniently passive role in relation to the public interest duty owed
by their members. To do more, without a clear and pressing need, will be troublesome and will
entail further bureaucracy and expense. Yet such an attitude does not reflect the views of individual
engineers who have consistently shown concern over the public interest. It has also been
convenient to conduct the ethical debate at such a high philosophical level as to avoid any contact
with the reality of engineering practice. Thus, engineers have been content to join in the debate
about nuclear power versus renewable energy sources. But, this has little to do with professional
ethics where the engineers duty must be related to practical considerations.

Roles of engineer to related to public interest and social impact

Scope and procedure carry out by Safety & Health Officer (SHO) in the selected industry.

Safe and healthy working conditions do not happen by chance. Employers need to have a
written safety policy for their enterprise setting out the safety and health standards which it is their
objective to achieve. The policy should name the senior executive who is responsible for seeing
that the standards are achieved, and who has authority to allocate responsibilities to management
and supervisors at all levels and to see they are carried out. The safety policy should deal with the
following matters:

1. Arrangements for training at all levels. Particular attention needs to be given to key
workers such as scan folders and crane operators whose mistakes can be especially
dangerous to other workers;

2. Safe methods or systems of work for hazardous operations: the workers carrying out these
operations should be involved in their preparation; the duties and responsibilities of
supervisors and key workers; arrangements by which information on safety and health
is to be made known;
3. Arrangements for setting up safety committees;
4. The selection and control of sub safety officers.

Safety officer
Every construction company of any size should appoint a properly qualified person (or persons)
whose special and main responsibility is the promotion of safety and health. Whoever is appointed
should have direct access to an executive director of the company. His or her duties should include:

1. The organization of information to be passed from management to workers, including those

of sub safety officers;
2. The organization and conduct of safety training programmes, including induction training
for all workers on the site;

3. The investigation and review of the circumstances and causes of accidents and
occupational diseases so as to advise on preventive measures;
4. Acting as consultant and technical adviser to the safety committee;
5. Participation in pre-site planning.
Health and Safety Management

The safety officer where appointed should note that, in accordance with conditions of contract,
he is responsible for the safety of site operations.

The safety officer shall comply with all the requirements described herein without detraction
from his responsibilities under the contract.

The safety officer shall throughout the progress of the works comply with his duties under all
approved codes and all relevant health and safety legislation. Where no specific legislative
requirements exist, the safety officer shall comply with guidance provided by codes of practice
or industry standards as a minimum standard of safety.

The safety officer shall be responsible for ensuring compliance with this document throughout
the project including the activities of his appointed sub safety officers or temporary visitors.

The safety officer shall submit with any tender, or if there is no tender required prior to any
works commencing, the following:

* Company Safety Policy Document

* Details of any prohibition or improvement notices and prosecutions by the enforcing

authorities, during the last 5 years.

* Risk Assessments and method statements

* Copies of employers liability and public liability insurance certificates

Training

The safety officer shall ensure that all employees (including sub-safety officers) are adequately
trained to carry out their particular duties or tasks including driving plant and operating
equipment.

Procedure for safety health officer

Before any work commences on site the safety officer shall nominate a competent person to be
responsible for co-ordinating risk assessments of all operations where risk is foreseeable and
ensuring that appropriate control measures are established and incorporated into safe systems of
work. The safety officer shall use these safe systems of work as the basis for the health and
safety method statements. All method statements shall be developed in reasonable time to allow
co-ordination of hazardous works. The objective of risk assessment, is to highlight project
related hazards and to develop methods to deal with those hazards.

Protection against Noise.

Sources of noise should be eliminated where practicable. Safety officers are responsible for
providing and ensuring the use of suitable hearing protection by their employees and their sub-
safety officers.

Protection against fire.

Safety officers must conform to the requirements of Fire Safety Standards for Insert Your
Company Name.

The fire risk assessment and emergency procedures shall be discussed with the Project Manager
and fire precautions shall be agreed prior to commencement of works.

The safety officer shall ensure that operatives on site are familiar with the risk assessment and
emergency procedures.

Adequate means of extinguishing fires as detailed in the hot work permit shall be provided by the
safety officer, to the approval of the Safety Manager.

The safety officer shall ensure that all site staff are adequately briefed and instructed on fire
safety arrangements for the site and may be required to present proof.

The use of petrol driven plant (excluding staff cars) or equipment shall be prohibited at all
locations on the site unless written permission is granted by Insert Your Company Name.

All combustible materials shall be stored in a position and in a manner approved by The Safety
Officer.

Hot Working

Hot working includes all types of welding work involving the use of bitumen heaters and thermic
lance equipment and any work involving naked flames or sparks.
Prior to any hot work being carried out by the safety officer a correctly endorsed Hot Work
permit shall be obtained from The Safety Officer. The permit will carry endorsements as to the
type of fire fighting equipment to be provided by the safety officer, and the authorising person
will enter the starting and completion times. Upon the completion of the work the permit must be
returned to The Safety Officer for cancellation.

Site Welding

No welding shall be carried out in the site without prior approval from the contract engineers
through The Safety Officer which shall not be given until all conditions stipulated by the Hot
Work permit have been met. The safety officer shall give reasonable notice of his requirements
to carry out welding on the site.

The safety officer shall ensure that any welding operations are screened or carried out in such a
way as to prevent the flashes from the process affecting any persons immediately adjacent to the
operation, including any persons who have gained unauthorised access, from the affects of "arc
eye".

Hazardous Substances and Materials

The safety officer shall ensure that risk assessments have been undertaken by a competent person
for all products intended for use during the works or materials evolved during the work and that
written procedures for the handling, application, storage and disposal of hazardous products have
been prepared.

The Security Officer must be informed in writing of all substances intended for use on site which
are classified as toxic, very toxic, corrosive, flammable , highly flammable or explosive

Where hazardous substances have been specified the designer must evaluate to see if:

A. They are strictly necessary for the process.

B. They can be substituted for a safer alternative substance.

C. An alternative method or process can be used to eliminate or reduce the hazard.

Hazardous Material Assessments.

 1. A material assessment shall be carried out for every substance brought onto site, copies
of assessment and material data sheets shall be readily available for the Safety Manager
to examine. A suitable and sufficient risk assessment should be made.
2. When necessary, an operating procedure shall be produced for the safe handling, storage
and use of a particular substance. A copy shall be given to the Safety Manager.
3. All personnel shall be informed of any potential health hazards associated with any
substance they may use or handle. The safety officer shall ensure that correct use is made
of the appropriate safety equipment provided by him.
4. All personnel shall have sight of the assessment which shall be available in the event of
an incident that requires first aid medical treatment or fire fighting.

Community Effects.

The safety officers materials risk assessment, selection procedure and exposure control
measures must adequately consider the possible effects of products such as fumes, sprays
or dust etc. both on and off the site. Examples would be the use of solvent based paints
and adhesives.

Handling.

1. After handling hazardous substances personnel shall wash their hands prior to eating,
drinking and smoking.
2. Personnel shall not eat, drink or smoke in the proximity of stored hazardous substances.

Explosives.

The bringing of explosives on to site is strictly forbidden.

Waste Arising.

The safety officer shall be responsible for the safe disposal of waste arising from construction
activities under his management and for ensuring that disposal is carried out in accordance with
the legislation relevant to the waste category involved.

Waste materials likely to present a hazard to site personnel shall be disposed of as soon as
practicable or on the request of Insert Your Company Name.
Access to and from tips must have local authority approval and evidence available to the Safety
Manager plus authorisation to use the tip.

All waste arising to be segregated as appropriate.

The safety officer shall be responsible for any damage or contamination caused by waste under
his control and shall bear the full cost of any remedial measures that the responsible authorities
or Insert Your Company Name may direct.

The safety officer shall ensure strict compliance with Waste Disposal Regulations.

Safety officers General Plant and Equipment.

The safety officer shall ensure that employees are trained, competent and authorised to drive or
operate any plant or equipment that they may use, whether regularly or on an occasional basis.
Training records should be maintained and may be requested by Insert Your Company Name.
Such equipment shall include, but not restricted to:

Dumpers
Forklift Trucks
Lorries
Hoists
Cranes
Excavators
Mobile elevating work platforms
Hand tools

Accident Treatment/Accident Reporting/First Aid Facilities.

The safety officer shall provide adequate first aid facilities as may be required or permitted by
Insert Your Company Name.

Key personnel are to be trained first aiders and have a current training certificate. Trained first
aiders should be clearly identifiable. First Aid stations should be clearly marked and regularly
checked by the safety officer. Where the treatment of an injured or sick person requires the use
of a first aid room the facilities provided by and for Insert Your Company Name may be used.
The above first aid facilities are to be made available to all persons working on or visiting the
site.
The safety officer shall report all accidents to the Project Manager. All serious or potentially
serious accidents/incidents are to be thoroughly investigated by the safety officer and written
reports produced indicating the proposed remedial actions. The safety officer shall give a copy of
all reports to Insert Your Company Name .

Abrasive Wheels.

The safety officer shall take all necessary precautions to avoid the risk of fire due to flying
sparks.

The safety officer shall also ensure that no person in the area is exposed to the risk of eye or
other

Excavations and Openings.

All excavations and openings shall be maintained with adequate structural support, access and
egress and provision of fences and handrails.

Lights shall be used to mark the edge of excavations and openings at night.

Services clearance must be obtained before any excavation commences.

Confined Spaces.

Safety officers are responsible for the supply of all safety equipment including all portable gas
detection devices, escape breathing apparatus, harnesses and other escape equipment and safety
equipment must be in good order.

Safety officers must be familiar with the system of clarification, the appropriate procedures that
apply and follow a safe system of work in order that danger both to themselves and others is
avoided. A permit to work may be required.

Safety officers staff who enter a confined space must be formally trained and hold an up to date
certificate of competence.

Electrical Equipment.

Supplies to portable, electrical powered tools and temporary site lighting, must be 110v.
The safety officer shall produce an electrical safety plan and ensure that only equipment
designed for operating at the supply voltage is used on site. Where supplies greater than 110v
have to be used the need must be fully justified, supported by a full method statement, before
permission is obtained from the Project Manager. The tool shall be protected by an RCD and
regularly checked and documented by a competent person.

The safety officer shall ensure that all tools and distribution equipment including cables, plugs
etc. are complete and examined for signs of damage or wear prior to use.

Trailing cables across operational or public areas are not permitted. Worn or damaged equipment
shall not be used. Any non compliant equipment found on site must be immediately removed.
All 110v distribution equipment and cables, including lighting festoons must be routed and
adequately supported to avoid creating hazards on site or damage to the cable or equipment.

Cranes, Hoists, Platforms etc.

The safety officer shall ensure that all lifting equipment is of an approved type and used in the
approved manner. A current copy of the examination and insurance certificates shall be kept on
site and made available to the Safety Manager upon request.

Each item of lifting equipment shall be marked with its safe working load (SWL) which shall not
be exceeded and also with its unique identification marks. All lifting equipment shall be
maintained in a safe condition and when not in use stored as safe as possible.

The safety officer shall ensure that lifting equipment and plant is tested, inspected and examined
at specified intervals by an insurance company inspector who is trained and authorised to do so
and that records of the examination are maintained in the relevant statutory register.

Any lifting equipment showing signs of wear or damage to safety critical parts shall be taken out
of service immediately.

Only authorised banksman shall give approved signals to crane or plant operators. The safety
officer shall ensure that the crane or plant operator accepts signals only from an authorised
banksman. The authorised banksman shall be readily identifiable.

Lifting Tackle, ropes etc. shall be of an approved type to the relevant British Standard.

Any chain or strap etc. used for restraining load shall not be used if showing signs of wear or
damage.
The safety officer shall ensure that any temporary platform shall be securely attached or fixed. It
shall have handrails, intermediate guard rails and toe boards to prevent persons or materials
falling from the platform. If the platform is attached to hydraulic or rope operated plant then in

Working at Heights.

A safe working platform with secure edge protection, intermediate guard rails and safe means of
access shall be installed. In instances where this cannot be achieved alternative arrangements
must be made to prevent persons or materials falling to the ground.

Crawling boards and similar safety equipment shall be used on fragile roof surfaces.

Adequate containment measures shall be included to ensure that tools or materials cannot fall, or
barriers are to be erected to keep people away from areas where overhead work is being carried
out.

The safety officer shall ensure that fixed scaffolds and mobile scaffold towers comply fully with
all statutory requirements before and during use.

Compressed Gas Cylinders.

All such cylinders must be supported at all times. Only trained and authorised personnel may use
compressed gas.

Flammable gases and oxidising gases must be kept strictly separate.

Alcohol

No alcohol shall be consumed by safety officers personnel at any time. Those persons reporting
for duty and believed to be under the influence of alcohol shall be refused entry. It is the safety
officers responsibility to ensure all his employees are made aware of this requirement and to
enforce compliance.

Failure to comply with these requirements will result in the immediate removal of the offending
employee from the contract. Repeated non compliance with these requirements may lead to
termination of the contract.

Smoking.

Smoking is only permitted in authorised areas. IF IN DOUBT - DO NOT SMOKE.

Safety Harnesses.
The safety officer shall make safety harnesses and suitable training available for all employees
who work where there is a risk of falling more than 2 metres and a safety barrier or cover or
crawling boards cannot be practicably provided.

Testing, Commissioning and Maintenance of Temporary Plant and Services.

As with all other aspects of construction and installation work the safety officer is required to
conduct risk assessments and develop measures to eliminate or adequately control risks. The
safety officer shall appoint an authorised person who will be responsible when appropriate for
issuing a permit to work prior to any commissioning or maintenance operations. The permit to
work system will ensure that all operations follow a strict safe system of work.

Prior to any plant, equipment or service being placed into use, the safety officer shall ensure that
the plant, equipment or service is not used for purposes other than those it has been specifically
designed for.

All moving plant shall have an audible warning that operates automatically when in reverse, and
a flashing yellow hazard warning beacon.

The safety officer shall provide a banksman whenever plant or equipment is being moved in the
vicinity of other personnel or there is a possibility of personnel being in the vicinity or when the
operator does not have a clear view around his item of plant or equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment.

The safety officer shall ensure that risk assessments are carried out to identify those aspects of
the work for which personal protective (PPE) is to be prescribed. The safety officer shall select
PPE appropriate to the work hazards identified. Adequate arrangements are to be made for the
storage, cleaning, maintenance and replacement of PPE.

Once a risk has been identified for which PPE has been prescribed and selected, the safety
officer must take all reasonably practicable steps to ensure that it is used correctly by the relevant
persons. This will require the provision of information, instruction and training to staff.

Re assessment of all PPE provided shall be made at regular intervals as methods of working or
working conditions change to ensure that the appropriate PPE is being used.

Emergency Procedures.

The safety officer shall ensure that emergency procedures are provided for the work site and that
all staff understand their actions in the event of an emergency. All procedures must be cleared
with Insert Your Company Name to ensure that they do not conflict with Company
arrangements. Emergency procedures must be reviewed and updated as major project works
progress.

When calling Emergency Services the safety officer is to follow the requirements of Insert Your
Company Names safety notices/instructions.

Provision and use of Work Equipment.

The safety officer shall ensure that all work equipment identified for use during the project
(including but not restricted to construction plant) is designed, selected, procured, used and
maintained so as to enable the task to be safely completed.

The general requirements are that each employer must ensure that:

Equipment is selected to be suitable for the intended purpose, particularly with regard to
the site conditions in which the equipment will be used.
Appropriate maintenance is carried out and any associated logs kept up to date.
Specific Health and Safety risks associated with the equipment are considered and where
appropriate:
Use of the equipment is restricted to competent, nominated persons.
Maintenance/Servicing is restricted to designated persons with the appropriate
competence.
Persons who will use, supervise and manage equipment receive information and
instruction on training to cover
The conditions and circumstances in which the equipment may be safely used.
The methods by which the equipment is to be used including operating procedures.
Actions to be taken in the event of abnormal situations including emergencies.
Hazard that need to carry out
CONCLUSION

There's no doubt that the jobs market is a tough place for today's graduates. With
vacancies down across the board, young people have to be savvier than ever about the subjects
they study and the industries in which they choose to pursue careers. In a scope of engineer
industry, graduates in engineering must learn to be problem solvers and help create infrastructure
that best meets the unique demands of its environment. They must be able to understand
infrastructure life cycles and have the perspective to solve technical challenges with clarity and
imagination. Therefore individuals should have a strong understanding of maths and science, but
many other skills are required, including critical and analytical thinking, time management,
people management and good communication skills. So as an engineering graduates, they need
to develop their soft skills as a preparation for the future.

One thing to note is, if graduates want to get a engineer safety job, they may want to start
liking paperwork. These managers are the record keepers for all the safety regulations, incidents,
safety training that goes on within a certain company. These safety officers will also perform the
much needed training to everyone who works at these sites. They are the resource for all things
that affect environmental, health and safety on a work site and that includes conducting refresher
courses for those employees who have been on the job a long time. The bottom line is engineer
safety officers are crucial to any construction project. They can determine whether a company
can finish the high-paying job they started or whether they are going to go into the red because of
various fines from not ensuring their staff has a safe environment to work in. If you think about
it, safety jobs are the most important on a construction site or any company that has dangers
throughout the workplace. Because of this, construction safety officers have to be highly
qualified and have lots of experience. They also must be up on all the latest news in the
construction field.

Lastly, the reason for choosing engineering as a professional career largely attributed to
the perception of the job security and market demand as Malaysia poised to become the
industrialised nation by the year 2020. Engineering provides wide chance of future for the
graduates to choose. Is important to find a career that provides ones with enjoyment and
satisfaction. For numerous reasons, some engineering professions provide a very satisfying
working environments.
REFERENCES

https://targetjobs.co.uk/career-sectors/engineering/282419-engineering-industry-
sector-overview
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/engineering
http://www.cana.ca/employment/EngineerSafetyOfficer.asp
http://www.graduate-jobs.com/sector/engineering
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/