NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY

M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I

PAPERI
(Fundamentals of Environmental Science & Ecology)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. What is Environmental Science ? Discuss the relationship between man and environment.
i;kZoj.k foKku fdls dgrs gSa \ ekuo rFkk i;kZoj.k ds chp lEcU/kksa dh foospuk dhft, A
2. Give an account of the structure and composition of atmosphere.
ok;qeaMy dh lajpuk ,oa laxBu dk fooj.k nhft, A
3. What are the characteristics of fresh water ? Write about the types of fresh water bodies with
suitable examples.
LoPN ty dh D;k fo'ks"krk, gSa \ LoPN ty fudk;ksa ds fdrus izdkj gSa \ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A
4. Describe the structure of Ecosystem.
ikfjra= dh lajpuk dk o.kZu dhft, A
5. What do you mean by food chain ? Discuss with suitable examples.
[kk|J`a[kyk D;k gS \ mi;qDr mnkgj.kksa ds lkFk foospuk dhft, A
6. Define productivity. Describe different types of productivity.
mRikndrk dh ifjHkk"kk nhft, A fofHkUu izdkj dh mRikndrk dk o.kZu dhft, A
7. Describe different components of forest ecosystem.
ou ikfjfLFkfrd ra= ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
8. Give an account of marine ecosystem.
leqnzh i;kZoj.k dk fooj.k nhft, A
9. Define ecological succession and discuss its types.
ikfjfLFkfrd vuqe.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds izdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k fyf[k, %&
(i) Population Ecology lef"V ikfjLFkSfrdh
(ii) Concept of Eutrophication lqiks"k.k dh ladYiuk
(iii) Bio-community tSo&leqnk;

Examination Programme, 2016

M.A/M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
Date Papers Time Examination Centre
21.04.2016 PaperI 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
23.04.2016 PaperII 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
25.04.2016 PaperIII 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
27.04.2016 PaperIV 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
29.04.2016 PaperV 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
03.05.2016 PaperVI 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
05.05.2016 PaperVII 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
07.05.2016 PaperVIII 12.00 Noon to 3.00 PM Nalanda Open University, Patna
 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERII
(Environmental Geo-Science)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Critically examine the Tidal theory of Jeans and Jeffreys regarding origin of solar system.
lkSj eaMy dh mRifk ls lEcfU/kr thUl rFkk tsQjht dh Tokjh; fl)kar dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k
dhft, A
2. Explain the causes of earthquake and discuss its impact.
HkwdEi ds dkj.kksa dks Li"V dhft, rFkk mlds izHkko dh foospuk dhft, A
3. What are the sources of Salt in the ocean water ? Give an account of the salinity in the ocean
water.
egklkxj esa yo.krk ds D;k lzksr gSa \ egklkxjh; ty esa yo.krk dk fooj.k nhft, A
4. Give an detailed account of the composition and structure of the atmosphere.
ok;qeaMy ds laxBu ,oa lajpuk dk foLr`r fooj.k nhft, A
5. Discuss the factors which influence the distribution of temperature over the earth.
mu dkjdkas dh foospuk dhft, tks i`Foh ij rkieku ds forj.k dks izHkkfor djrs gSa A
6. What is Cyclone ? Describe its salient features in detail.
pokr fdls dgrs gSa \ bldh fo'ks"krkvksa dk foLrkjiwoZd o.kZu dhft, A
7. Throw light on environmental pollution and its types.
i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k vkSj blds izdkjksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
8. Discuss the evolution and growth of life in biosphere.
tSoeaMy esa thoksa ds mn~Hko rFkk fodkl dh O;k[;k dhft, A
9. Discuss the "Greenhouse Effects", its principles and consequences.
^^gfjrx`g izHkko]** blds fl)kUrksa ,oa ifj.kkeksa dh foospuk dhft, A
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIif.k;k fyf[k, %&
(i) Geo-chemical Cycle Hkw&jklk;fud p
(ii) El-Nino ,y&fuuks
(iii) Heat Budget of the Earth i`Foh dk rki ctV

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERIII
(Environmental Chemistry)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Discuss the concept and scope of environmental chemistry.

i;kZoj.k jlk;u dh ladYiuk vkSj blds foLrkj {ks= dh foospuk dhft, A
2. Divide the atmosphere into different regions and describe them in brief. Also mention the
temperature profile of these regions.
ok;qeaMy dks fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa foHkDr dj la{ksi esa budh foospuk dhft, A bu {ks=ksa dh
rkieku&ifjPNsfndk izksQkby dk Hkh mYys[k dhft, A
3. Trace the sources of organic particulate matter in the atmosphere.
ok;qeaMy esa dkcZfud d.kh; inkFkksaZ ds lzksr dks crkb;s A
4. What do you mean by Global Warming ? Describe in brief its causes and consequences.
oSf'od rkiu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds dkj.kksa rFkk ifj.kkeksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A
5. Can sea water become a source of drinking water in future ? Substantiate your answer
describing the methods of desalination of sea water.
D;k leqnzh ty Hkfo"; esa is;ty dk lzksr cu ldrk gS \ leqnzh ty ds vyo.khdj.k dh fof/k;ksa dk
o.kZu djrs gq, vius mkj dh lEiqf"V dhft, A
6. Describe in brief the structures geometry and shape of water.
ty dh lajpuk] T;kfefr ,oa vkfr dh la{ksi esa foospuk dhft, A
7. Discuss in detail the physical properties of soil.
feV~Vh ds HkkSfrd xq.kksa dh lfoLrkj foospuk dhft, A
8. What is alkaline soil ? How is this soil formed ? How can it be reclaimed for agriculture ?
{kkjh; e`nk D;k gS \ bl e`nk dk fuekZ.k fdl izdkj gksrk gS \ f"k ds fy, bls dSls lq/kkjk tk
ldrk gS \
9. Discuss the deficiency symptoms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron in plants.
ikS/kksa esa ukbVkstu] QkWLQksjl] iksVkl] ftad vkSj vk;ju dh deh ds y{k.k crkb;s A
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Kyoto Protocol D;ksVks izksVksdkWy
(ii) Molar Solution eksyj ?kksy
(iii) Troposphere {kksHkeaMy

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERIV
(Biodiversity)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Define biodiversity and explain the value of its components and their conservation.
tSo&fofo/krk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, vkSj blds la?kVdksa ,oa laj{k.k ds ewY; dh O;k[;k dhft, A
2. Give a short account of the geographical expansion of bio-diversity at global, national and
local levels.
oSf'od] jk"Vh; ,oa LFkkuh; Lrjksa ij tSo fofo/krk ds HkkSxksfyd foLrkj dk laf{kIr fooj.k nhft, A
3. Present an account of the status of India on the scale of Megabiodiversity.
fo'kky tSo fofo/krk ds iSekus ij Hkkjr dh orZeku fLFkfr dks izLrqr dhft, A
4. Describe the endemic and endangered species of India.
Hkkjr dh LFkkuh; vkSj ladVkiUu iztkfr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
5. Evaluate the necessity of biodiversity convention in the context of endangering of biodiversity.
tSo&fofo/krk ladV ds lanHkZ esa tSo&fofo/krk laf/k dh vfuok;Zrk dk ewY;kadu dhft, A
6. Give an account of the pattern of distribution of micro-organism.
lw{etho ds forj.k izk:i dk fooj.k nhft, A
7. Discuss carbon and oxygen cycles in nature.
izfr esa dkcZu vkSj vkWDlhtu pks dk fooj.k nhft, A
8. Explain the treatment of sewage using bio-chemical process of micro-organism.
lw{e thoksa ds tSo&jklk;fud f;kvksa }kjk okfgr ey ds mipkj dh O;k[;k dhft, A
9. What do you understand by biofertilisers ? What are its benefits ?
tSo moZjd ls vki d;k le>rs gSa \ blls D;k ykHk gSa \
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Symbiosis lgthou
(ii) Phosphorus Cycle QkWLQksjl p
(iii) Vermi Compost dsp
a qvk [kkn

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERV
(Natural Resources and their Conservation)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Define natural resources and discuss their salient features.

izkfrd lalk/kuksa dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk mudh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk dhft, A
2. Explain the types of forest in India and forest policy for their conservation.
Hkkjr esa ou ds izdkj rFkk muds laj{k.k ds fy, cukbZ xbZ ou uhfr dh O;k[;k dhft, A
3. Give an account of the major river water disputes of India.
Hkkjr ds izeq[k unh ty&fookn dk fooj.k nhft, A
4. Discuss the following in brief :
fuEufyf[kr dh laf{kIr foospuk dhft, %&
(i) Apiculture in India Hkkjr esa e/kqeD[kh ikyu
(ii) Pearl culture in India Hkkjr esa eksrh dh f"k

5. Classify the soils of the world and discuss their salient feature.
fo'o dh e`nk dk oxhZdj.k dhft, rFkk mudh egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
6. Classify energy resources and explain their importance in economic development.
tkZ lalk/kuksa dk oxhZdj.k dhft, rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl esa blds egRo dks Li"V dhft, A
7. Describe energy crisis with special reference to India.
Hkkjr ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa tkZ ladV dk o.kZu dhft, A
8. Explain the meaning of non-ferrous metals. Give an account of the production and distribution
of any non-ferrous metal.
vykSg&/kkrq dk vfHkizk; Li"V dhft, A fdlh vykSg&/kkrq ds mRiknu ,oa forj.k dk fooj.k nhft, A
9. Throw light on the effect of utilization of marine resources on the environment.
leqnzh lalk/kuksa ds nksgu ls i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys izHkko ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
10. Write short notes on the following :
fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Fisheries in India Hkkjr esa eNyh O;olk;
(ii) Wetlands as a resource vknZzHkwfe ,d lalk/ku ds :i esa

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERVI
(Agriculture and Forestry)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer Five Questions in all, selecting at least Two Questions from each Group.
All questions carry equal marks.
izR;sd [kaM ls de ls de nks iz'ukas dk p;u djrs gq, dqy ikp iz'uksa dk mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

Group'A'
1. Define Agriculture and discuss its relation with science and commerce.
f"k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk foKku ,oa okf.kT; ls blds lEcU/k dh foospuk dhft, A
2. Discuss the concept of sustainable agriculture and describe its various ingredients.
fVdk f"k dh vo/kkj.k dh foospuk dhft, rFkk blds fofHkUu la?kVdksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
3. Write the names of wheat varieties grown in irrigated condition.
flafpr xsgw ds mUur izHksnks dk uke fyf[k, A
4. What is integrated pest management ? Discuss similarities and dissimilarities between pest
control and integrated pest management.
lesfdr dhV izca/ku D;k gS \ dhV fu;a=.k vkSj lesfdr dhV izcU/ku dh lekurkvksa vkSj vlekurkvksa
dh foospuk dhft, aA
5. Describe the utility of plant bio-technology in plant breeding.
ikni iztuu esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh mi;ksfxrk dk o.kZu dhft, A
6. Describe indigenous cultivation of crops.
ns'kh f"k izFkk dk o.kZu dhft, A
Group'B'
7. Define forest and classify it on the basis of different bases.
ou dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk fofHkUu vk/kkjksa ij bldks oxhZr dhft, A
8. Discuss the influence of forest on the climate of an area.
fdlh izn's k dh tyok;q ij ou ds izHkko dh foospuk dhft, A
9. What is Agro-forestry ? Describe the importance of integration of agriculture and forestry.
f"k okfudh D;k gS \ f"k vkSj okf.kdh dks lac) djus ds ego dk o.kZu dhft, A
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Joint Forest Management la;qDr ou izcU/ku
(ii) Social Forestry lkekftd okfudh
(iii) National Parks jk"Vh; m|ku

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERVII
(Energy and Environment)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Give an account of alternative energy sources. How will they bring sustainability in the use of
energy.
oSdfYid tkZ lzksrksa dk fooj.k nhft, A ;s fdl izdkj tkZ mi;ksx esa fVdkiu (sustainability)
yk ldrs gSa \
2. What are the elements of weather and climate ?
ekSle vkSj tyok;q ds ro dkSu&dkSu gSa \
3. Why is the understanding of the interaction of light and matter important in environmental
studies ?
i;kZoj.kh; v/;;u esa izdk'k vkSj inkFkZ dh vUrfZ;k dh le>nkjh D;ksa egoiw.kZ gS \
4. Analyze the flow of energy in bio-ecosystem.
thoeaMyh; ikfjfLFkfrd ra= esa tkZ ds izokg dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A
5. Describe the environmental effects of natural gas production and use.
izkfrd xSl ds mRiknu vkSj mi;ksx ds i;kZoj.kh; izHkko dk o.kZu dhft, A
6. List the main application of solar energy in India.
Hkkjr esa lkSj tkZ ds eq[; vuqiz;ksxksa dks lwpho) dhft, A
7. Throw light on the environmental impact of Green House Gases.
gfjr x`g xSlkas dk i;kZoj.kh; izHkko ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
8. Discuss the global climatic change.
HkweaMyh; tyok;q ifjokZu dh foospuk dhft, A
9. Discuss the impact of air pollution on human health.
ok;q iznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij izHkko dh foospuk dhft, A
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Urbanization and Heat Island uxjhdj.k ,oa m"ek }hi
(ii) Global Warming HkweaMyh; rkiu
(iii) Ecological Pyramid ikfjfLFkfrdh; fijkfeM

izk;ksfxd d{kk ,oa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk dk dk;Ze ikj i`"B ij ns[ksa A

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-I
PAPERVIII
(Pollution)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. What is Air Pollution ? Describe man-made sources of air pollution in detail.

ok;q iznq"k.k D;k gS \ ok;q iznw"k.k ds ekuo&tfur lzksrksa dk foLr`r o.kZu dhft, A
2. Explain the Plume Behaviour.
Iywe vkpj.k O;ogkj dh O;k[;k dhft, A
3. Give an account of the effects of air pollution on animals and plants.
i'kq vkSj ikS/kksa ij ok;q iznw"k.k ds izHkko dk fooj.k nhft, A
4. What is Acid Rain ? what are its causes and consequences.
vkEy o"kkZ D;k gS \ blds dkj.k vkSj ifj.kke D;k gSa \
5. Write an essay on air pollution indices.
ok;q iznw"k.k lwpdksa ij fucU/k fyf[k, A
6. Define Noise Pollution. What are the main sources of noise pollution ? Describe them in brief.
/ofu iznw"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A /ofu iznw"k.k ds dkSu&dkSu eq[; lzksr gSa \ mudk laf{kIr o.kZu
dhft, A
7. What do you mean by Water Pollution ? What are the main forms of water pollutants ? Discuss.
ty iznq"k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ ty iznw"kdksa ds dkSu&dkSu izeq[k izdkj :i gSa \ foospuk dhft, A
8. Define Soil Pollution. Describe the various sources of soil pollution.
e`nk iznw"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, A e`nk iznw"k.k ds fofHkUu lzksrksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
9. What do you mean by Wasteland ? Classify them.
catjHkwfe O;FkZ Hkwfe ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ mUgsa oxhZr dhft, A
10. Write short notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Biological Waste Treatment thooSKkfud vif'k"V mipkj
(ii) Air Quality Standards ok;q xq.kokk ekud
(iii) Radioactive Pollution jsfM;ks/kehZ iznw"k.k

izk;ksfxd d{kk ,oa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk dk dk;Ze ikj i`"B ij ns[ksa A

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERIX
(Marine Ecology)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Give an account of bottom relief of either Atlantic or Indian Ocean.

vVykafVd vFkok fgUn egklkxj ds fury ds mPpkop dk fooj.k nhft, A
2. Throw light on the evolution of oceans and give a short description of various oceans.
egklkxjksa ds mn~Hko ij izdk'k Mkfy, rFkk fofHkUu egklkxjksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft, A
3. Discuss the factors controlling the density of ocean water.
egklkxjh; ty ds ?kuRo dks fu;af=r djus okys dkjdksa dh foospuk dhft, A
4. Discuss the sources of the pollution of ocean water. Suggest measures to solve the problem.
egklkxjh; ty ds iznw"k.k ds lzksrksa dh foospuk dhft, A bl leL;k ds lek/kku ds mik;ksa dks Hkh
crkb;s A
5. Describe Geophysical Oceanography. How is it different from geological oceanography.
Hkw&HkkSfrd leqnz foKku dk o.kZu dhft, A ;g Hkw&HkkSxksfyd leqnz foKku ls fdl izdkj fHkUu gS \
6. "Ocean currents and tides are salient features of ocean water." Give a reasoned explanation of
this statement.
^^leqnzh ty/kkjk, ,oa Tokj&HkkVk leqnzh ty dh fof'k"V fo'ks"krk, gSa A** bl dFku dh O;k[;k
ldkj.k izLrqr dhft, A
7. Discuss the role of waves and the nature of coast in coastal erosion. How can the coast be
protected ?
rVh; vijnu esa ygjksa ,oa rVksa dh izfr dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A rVkas dk laj{k.k fdl izdkj
fd;k tk ldrk gS \
8. What are the conditions essential for the development of Fisheries ? Give an account of the
major fishing grounds of the World.
eRL; m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh n'kkvksa dk gksuk vko';d gS \ lalkj ds eq[; eRL;
mRiknu {ks=ksa dk fooj.k nhft, A
9. Give an account of the minerals found in different parts of the sea.
leqnz ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa ik, tkus okys [kfutksa dk fooj.k nhft, A
10. Write short notes on the following :
fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Pelagic Zone of Ocean egklkxj dk iSykftd {ks=
(ii) Development of Oceanography in 20th century 20oha 'krkCnh esa leqnz foKku dk fodkl

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERX
(Waste Generation and Management)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Define Wastes and identify generative sources of waste products. How do they cause health
and environmental problems ?
vif'k"Vksa dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, vkSj vif'k"V inkFkksaZ ds tuu lzksrksa dh igpuk dhft, A os fdl
izdkj LokLF; ,oa i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa ds dkj.k gSa \
2. Give introductory explanation of solid waste and describe its structure/composition and types.
Bksl vif'k"V dh ifjp;kRed O;k[;k dhft, rFkk bldh lajpuk ,oa izdkj dk o.kZu dhft, A
3. Give a critical account of the working plans of Solid Waste Management.
Bksl vif'k"V izca/ku dh dk;Z ;kstukvksa dk vkykspukRed fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A
4. What are hazardous wastes ? Describe their impact on public health and environment.
ladVnk;h vif'k"V D;k gSa \ tuLokLF; ,oa i;kZoj.k ij muds nq"izHkko dk o.kZu dhft, A
5. Discuss the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.
yksd nkf;Ro chek vf/kfu;e] 1991 dh ppkZ dhft, A
6. Describe the segregation, preventive measures and disposal of hospital wastes.
vLirkyh; vif'k"Vksa ds i`FFkdhdj.k] izfrcU/kd mik;ksa ,oa fuLrkj.k dk o.kZu dhft, A
7. Classify the municipal wastes and discuss their management.
uxjikfydk ds vif'k"Vksa dk oxhZdj.k dhft, rFkk muds izca/ku dh foospuk dhft, A
8. Critically examine the cost-benefit analysis of Recycling.
iqupZ.k ds ykxr&ykHk fo'ys"k.k dk vkykspukRed ijh{k.k dhft, A
9. Give an account of various Rules, Acts and Notifications for the conservation of environment in
India.
Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, fodflr fofHkUu fu;e] ,DV ,oa vf/klwpukvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A
10. Write short notes on the following :
fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Land filling Hkw&Hkj.k
(ii) Radiio-active Wastes jsfM;ks&lf; vif'k"V

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERXI
(Environmental Toxicology)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Write a descriptive note on toxicology and its scope.

fo"k&foKku vkSj mlds dk;Z{ks= ij ,d o.kZukRed fVIi.kh fyf[k, A
2. Give an account of toxic chemical in air and water.
ok;q ,oa ty esa mifLFkr fo"kkDr jlk;uksa dk fooj.k nhft, A
3. Discuss the sources and uses of arsenic and cadmium.
vklsZfud vkSj dsMfe;e ds lzksrksa rFkk mi;ksx dh O;k[;k dhft, A
4. Mention the specific roles played by fishes and birds as bio-indicators.
tSo lwpd ds :i esa eNyh vkSj if{k;ksa dh fof'k"V Hkwfedk dk mYys[k dhft, A
5. What do you know about biomonitoring programmes ? Discuss at least three biomonitoring
programmes.
ck;kseksfuVfjax dk;Ze ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ de&ls&de rhu ck;kseksfuVfjax dk;Zeksa dh
O;k[;k dhft, A
6. Describe natural and artificial hazards of our environment.
gekjs i;kZoj.k ds izkfrd vkSj xSj&izkfrd izdksiksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
7. How do the physical conditions of a workplace become hazardous ? What are their effects ?
fdl izdkj fdlh dk;ZLFky dh HkkSfrd n'kk, izdksi;qDr gks tkrh gSa \ muds D;k izHkko gSa \
8. What do you mean by biohazards ? How are biohazards different from other hazards ?
tSo izdksi ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ tSo izdksi fdl izdkj vU; izdksiksa ls fHkUu gS \
9. Discuss the need for control of common environmental toxicants in context of India.
Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa lkekU; i;kZoj.kh; fo"kkDr inkFkksZa ds fu;af=r djus dh vko';drk dh foospuk
dhft, A
10. Write notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Functions of Central Pollution Control Board dsUnzh; iznw"k.k fu;a=.k cksMZ ds dk;Z
(ii) Evaluation of hazard izdksi dk ewY;kadu
(iii) Human Organs, Tissues and Body fluid as bioindicators tSo lwpd ds :i esa ekuoh; vax]
mkd ,oa 'kkjhfjd rjy

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERXII
(Statistical Analysis and Data Processing)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Give an account of the scope and importance of Statistics.

lkaf[;dh ds dk;ksZa ,oa ego dk fooj.k nhft, A
2. What are the types of data ? Describe all types of data with examples.
vkdM+ksa ds fdrus izdkj gSa \ lHkh izdkj ds vkdM+ksa dk o.kZu mnkgj.k ds lkFk dhft, A
3. Discuss the salient features and importance of Frequency Polygon and Cumulative Frequency
Curve in Statistics.
lkaf[;dh esa vko`fk cgqHkqt ,oa lap;h vko`fr o dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa ,oa muds ego dh foospuk
dhft, A
4. Define Central Tendency and explain the measures of Central Tendency.
dsUnzh; izof` k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk blds ekiksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
5. Find the Arithmetic Mean and Mode from the following data :
fuEufyf[kr vko`fk caVu ds fy, lekUrj ek/; vkSj cgqyd Kkr dhft, %&
Class Interval
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
oxZ vUrjky
Frequency
2 3 8 10 15 12 7 8
vko`fk
6. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following data :
fuEufyf[kr vkdM+ksa ds ek/; ls ek/; fopyu Kkr dhft, %&
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f 1 1 2 2 4 7 5 8 6 4

7. Find the Standard Deviation and Co-efficient of Standard Deviation from the following data :
fuEufyf[kr vkdM+ks dk izeki fopyu rFkk blds xq.kkad dk ifjdyu dhft, %&
Annual Rainfall (c.m)
34 38 40 43 45 46 48 46
okf"kZd o"kkZ lseh
8. Define correlation and discuss its importance in statistical analysis.
lg&lEcU/k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k esa blds ego dh O;k[;k dhft, A
9. Explain rule of addition and rule of multiplication of probability.
izkf;drk ds ;ksx ,oa xq.ku fu;eksa dks Li"V dhft, A
10. Write notes on the following :
fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Histogram vk;r fp=
(ii) Sample Survey izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERXIII
(Remote Sensing and its Application in Environmental Science)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. What do you mean by Remote Sensing ? Describe in detail its concept and physical aspects.
lqnwj laosnu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ bldh vo/kkj.kk ,oa HkkSfrd igyqvksa dk lfoLrkj o.kZu dhft, A
2. Give an account of the development of Remote Sensing Satellites.
lqnwj laosnu mixzgksa ds fodkl dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A
3. Give an introductory explanation of scanner. Also give an account of its geometry and profiles.
eoh{kd dh ifjp;kRed O;k[;k dhft, A bldh T;kfefr vkSj ifjPNsfndkvksa dk Hkh fooj.k nhft, A
4. Define Digital Image Processing and explain its techniques and methodologies.
vadh; izfrfcEc ize.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk bldh rduhfd;ksa vkSj fof/k;ksa dks Li"V dhft, A
5. What do you mean by Data Model ? Discuss its types and their utility and salient features.
vkdM+k izfr:i ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds izdkj ,oa mudh mi;ksfxrk rFkk fo'ks"krkvksa dh
O;k[;k dhft, A
6. Discuss the role of remote sensing in environmental protection
i;kZoj.k ds cpko esa lqnwj laosnu dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A
7. Throw light on the usefulness of remote sensing and GIS in the identification of mineral areas
and the planning and management of mining activities.
[kfut {ks=ksa dh igpku rFkk [kuu dk;ksZa ds fu;kstu ,oa izcU/ku esa lqnwj laosnu vkSj HkkSxksfyd
lwpuk iz.kkyh dh mi;ksfxrk ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
8. Give an account of the application of remote sensing in the water resource management along
with flood mapping and flood damage assessment.
tylalk/ku izcU/ku ds lFk&lkFk ck<+ ekufp=.k rFkk ck<+ {kfr ewY;kadu esa lqnwj laosnu iz.kkyh ds
vuqiz;ksx dh foospuk izLrqr dhft, A
9. Examine the importance of remote sensing technique in forestry management.
okfudh izcU/ku eas lqnwj laons u rduhd ds ego dk ijh{k.k dhft, A
10. Write notes on the following :
fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Indian Remote Sensing satellite series-IRS Hkkjrh; lqnwj laons u mixzg e
(ii) NOAA satellite uksvk mixzg

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERXIV
(Environmental Impact Assessment, Ecoplanning & Sustainable Development )
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Discuss the salient aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) systems. What are its
limitations ?
i;kZoj.kh; izHkko ewY;kadu ra= dh fof'k"V igyqvksa dh foospuk dhft, A bldh D;k lhek, gSa \
2. Describe International EIA Policy and Legislation.
vUrjkZVh; bZvkbZ, uhfr ,oa vf/kfu;e dk o.kZu dhft, A
3. Discuss the principles and scope of public participation in EIA process.
bZvkbZ, izf;k esa tu Hkkxhnkjh ds fl)kUr vkSj dk;Z&{ks= dh O;k[;k dhft, A
4. What do you understand by the term "Screening" as applied to EIA.
i;kZoj.kh; izHkko ewY;kadu bZvkbZ, gsrq iz;qDr ^^fLfuax** 'kCn ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \
5. Give an account of the approaches and methods of Scoping.
Ldksfiax ds mikxe vkSj fof/k;ksa dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A
6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different environmental impact identification methods.
i;kZoj.kh; izHkko igpku dh fofo/k fof/k;ksa ds ykHk vkSj gkfu dh foospuk dhft, A
7. What are different approaches that are used for Environmental Impact Mitigation ? Discuss in
detail.
i;kZoj.kh; izHkko fefVxs'ku eas O;or fofHkUu mikxe D;k gSa \ foLrkj ls bldh foospuk dhft, A
8. Discuss key elements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report and probable shortcomings.
i;kZoj.kh; izHkko ewY;kadu fjiksVZ ds izeq[k roksa dh foospuk dhft, vkSj mudh lEHkkfor [kkfe;ksa dk
o.kZu dhft, A
9. What do you understand by sustainable development ? Discuss the role of different sectors in
maintaining sustainability.
fVdk ;k lrr~ fodkl ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ fVdkiu dks lrr~ dk;e j[kus gsrq fofHkUu
lsDVj dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A
10. Write notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Environmental Auditing i;kZoj.k vads{k.k
(ii) Ecoplanning ikfjfLFkfrdh fu;kstu
(iii) Disaster Management Plan vkink izcU/k fu;kstu

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERXV
(Environmental Law, Policy and Management)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Discuss the concept of environment management and throw light on the relationship between
environmental management and planning.
i;kZoj.k izcU/ku dh vo/kkj.kk dh foospuk dhft, rFkk i;kZoj.k izcU/ku vkSj fu;kstu ds chp ds lEcU/k
ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
2. What is the need of environment management ? Describe various approaches to environment
management.
i;kZoj.k izcU/ku dh D;k vko';drk gS \ i;kZoj.k izcU/ku ds fofHkUu mikxeksa dk o.kZu dhft, A
3. Discuss the objectives and principles of environmental policy in India.
Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.kh; uhfr ds ms'; ,oa fl)kUrksa dh foospuk dhft, A
4. Throw light on public policy and strategies for pollution control.
iznw"k.k fu;a=.k gsrq yksduhfr ,oa j.kuhfr;ksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
5. "Protection of natural resources and bio-diversity is very important for environmental
protection." Discuss this statement.
^^i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, izkfrd lalk/ku ,oa tSo&fofo/krk dk laj{k.k cgqr vko';d gS A** bl
dFku dh foospuk dhft, A
6. What national efforts are being made in India for environmental protection ? How many agencies
are working for this ? Discuss
Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k&laj{k.k ds fy, D;k jk"Vh; iz;kl fd, tk jgs gS \ blds fy, fdruh ,tsfa l;k
dk;Zjr gSa \ o.kZu dhft, A
7. Discuss the development of environmental protection acts in India.
Hkkjr eas i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vf/kfu;eksa ds fodkl dh foospuk dhft, A
8. Throw light on various aspects of Water Pollution (Prevention and Control) Act, 1974.
ty iznw"k.k fuokj.k ,oa fu;a= vf/kfu;e] 1974 ds fofo/k igyqvkas ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
9. Give an account of Bio-diversity Conservation Acts of 2002 & 2003.
tSo&fofo/krk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 2002 ,oa 2003 dk fooj.k izLrqr dhft, A
10. Write notes on any Two of the following :
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) Plants useful in environmental protection i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa ykHkdkjh o`{k
(ii) Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 oU; tho laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1972
(iii) Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rule, 1998 tSo&fpfdRlk vif'k"V izca/ku
,oa gFkkyu vf/kfu;e] 1998

 NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY
M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part-II
PAPERXVI
(Social Issues and Environment)
Annual Examination, 2016
Time: 3 Hours Full Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions. All questions carry equal marks.
fdUgha ikp iz'uksa ds mkj nhft, A lHkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gSa A

1. Discuss the relationship between population growth and environment.

tula[;k o`f) vkSj i;kZoj.k ds chp lEcU/kksa dh ppkZ dhft, A
2. Write in detail about availability of resources and increase in their demand at world level.
fo'o Lrj ij lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk rFkk mudh ekax esa o`f) ds fo"k; esa foLrkj ls fyf[k;s A
3. What is the role of Sanitation in keeping the human body healthy ? Also discuss the causes
and negative impact of insanitation.
euq"; ds 'kjhj dks LoLF; j[kus esa LoPNrk dh D;k Hkwfedk gS \ vLoPNrk ds dkj.kksa ,oa nq"izHkkoksa dh Hkh
foospuk dhft, A
4. Discuss the environmental movements in brief and describe the "Chipko Movement" in detail.
i;kZoj.kh; vkUnksyuksa dh laf{kIr foospuk dhft, vkSj ^^fpidks vkUnksyu** dk o.kZu foLrkj ls dhft, A
5. Throw light on the nature of occupational hazards in India.
Hkkjr esa O;kolkf;d vkink ds Lo:i ij izdk'k Mkfy, A
6. Discuss the causes types of resettlement and describe rehabilitational measures.
iqufLZFkjhdj.k ds dkj.k ,oa izdkjksa dh foospuk dhft, rFkk iquokZl ds rjhdksa dks crkb;s A
7. Examine the importance of 3R principle, Consumers' Protection Act and peoples' participation
in the solution of problems related to waste products.
dpjk ls mRiUu leL;kvksa ds lek/kku esa 3R rhu&vkj fl)kUr] miHkksDrk laj{k.k ,DV ,oa vkeyksxksa
dh lgHkkfxrk ds ego dk ijh{k.k dhft, A
8. Discuss the alternative sources of energy for ecological balance.
ikfjfLFkfrdh lUrqyu gsrq tkZ ds oSdfYid lk/kuksa dh foospuk dhft, A
9. Give and account of the role of Non-governmental Organizations in developing awareness
among the general people about environment.
vkeyksxksa esa i;kZoj.k ds izfr tu psruk ds fodkl esa xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh Hkwfedk dk fooj.k
nhft, A
10. Write notes on the following :
fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&
(i) World Environment Day fo'o i;kZoj.k fnol
(ii) Locational Characteristics of Squatter and Pavement Settlement mios'kh vf/kokl ,oa
isoesaV vf/kokl dh fLFkfr ls lacfa /kr fo'ks"krk,



M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, PartII, PaperXVI dh izk;ksfxd d{kk,]
fnukad 12-07-2016 ,oa 13-07-2016 dks izkr% 11 cts ls rFkk
izk;ksfxd ijh{kk fnukad 14-07-2016 dks izkr% 11 cts ls fcLdkseku Hkou] f}rh; ry ij vk;ksftr gksxh A