SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

Mrs. Anupama Monica Bhutta

Physics Teacher XII (Medical)
 Contents

1. Certificate

2. Acknowledgment

3. Circuit Diagram

4. List of components Required

5. Procedures

6. Precautions

7. Bibliography
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that report entitled Electronic Rain Alarm which is being

submitted in the partial fulfillment of requirement for the certificate of 10+2

Medical, Blossoms Sec. School, Patiala, is a record of candidates own work

carried out by her supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in the project

has not been submitted in the part or full or any another school or institution.

Mr. Mrs. Anupama

Principal Subject Teacher
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to thank Mrs. Anupama, Subject

Teacher, who has been guiding force for my Report on Electronic Rain Alarm.

I am also thankful to my friends, for their support and encouragement in finding

out the appropriate material for this Report, without them making this report would have

been impossible.

(Monica Bhutta)
XII (Medical)
LIST OF COMPONENTS

(1) Transistor BC 546 NPN

(2) Transistor BC_368 PNP

(3) Resistance 330 K

(4) Resistance 10K

(5) Condenser 0.04 Microfarads

(6) Loud Speaker 8 OHMS

(7) Cells Clips

(8) Wooden Base

(9) Screws

(10) PCB Plate

(11) Cell 2 Nos.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

+3V

NPN BC 546
Resistance 330 K PNP BC 368

Loud Speaker
-3 V
8 Ohms
Resistance 10
K 0.04 F
WATER
SENSOR
PROCEDURE:

The electronic circuit is an audio oscillator using PNP (BC-368) and NPN (BC-
546) transistors. The frequency of oscillator upon condenser 0.04 mfd. Resistance
10K gives stability to oscillator circuit. The Resistance 330K is extended to form
extended to form external circuit (with water drops) using copper wires as probes.
The water drop, because of some conduction complete, the circuit. It gives tone in
the speaker. The circuit operate on two battery cells each of 1.5 Volts.

PRECAUTIONS:

When the water drops between probes produces sounds wiping the wires clean

to remove water steps to tone it and it is ready for next demonstration.

CIRCUIT PARTS

CAPACITOR
In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Although
they work in completely different ways, capacitors and
batteries both store electrical energy. If you have
read How Batteries Work, then you know that a
battery has two terminals. Inside the battery,
chemical reactions produce electrons on one
terminal and absorb electrons at the other
terminal.
In an electronic circuit, a capacitor is shown like this:

RESISTOR
Resistance in general is how hard it is for electric current to flow through a given
material. It is measured in ohms.

The function of a resistor is to control the flow of

current to the components that are attached to it.
When current flows through a resistor, energy is
wasted. The wasted energy causes the resistor to heat.
Not all the energy that is sent to the component reaches it. The bigger the resistor,
the more energy it can handle.

Example: Circuit symbol:

Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example a resistor is placed in
series with a light-emitting diode (LED) to limit the current passing through the
LED.

TRANSISTOR
Semiconductors may best be described as a group of
materials that have the electrical properties of both
metals and non-metals (insulators). Semiconductors are
especially important because varying conditions like temperature and impurity
content can easily alter their conductivity.

Integrated Circuits such as the one shown above are possible because of the
extensive knowledge of semiconductors.

Semiconductors form the framework of almost any

digital device made today. Silicon, a common raw
material used for manufacturing integrated circuits is a
very good example of a semiconductor.

Circuit symbol of a transistor. Transistors form the

building blocks of the ICs shown above.

Loud Speaker
A loudspeaker, or speaker, is an
electromechanical transducer which converts an
electrical signal into sound. The term loudspeaker
is used to refer to both the device itself, and a
complete system consisting of one or more
loudspeaker drivers (as the individual units are
often called) in an enclosure. The loudspeaker is the most variable element in an
audio system, and is responsible for marked audible differences between systems.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Electronics Project for +2

- Prof. M.C. Sharma (P.hd)

New Millenium Physics

- S.K.Sharma and R. Jerath

NCERT Book: Physics