EVOLUTION OF DRAWING AS AN

ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE

Submitted By:
Jubayer Al Mahmud
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
University of Dhaka
Topics
What is drawing?

Early history of drawing.

Evolution of drawing.

Introduction of Modern Engineering Drawing.

Introduction of CAD.
 What is Drawing?
Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any
number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional
medium.

There are several categories of drawing

Figure drawing
Cartooning
Doodling
Shading

But off course drawing was introduced by cave painting.

People used to paint pictures of their hunted animals.
Early History of drawing
The earliest drawings were
pictures of animals made by
prehistoric man on the cave walls

The cave artist recorded only

the essential outlines and forms
of animals and did not bother
with details
Early History of drawing (15th -16th Century)

The rebirth of Western drawing in the 15th century came

with the widespread production of paper

At the same time the artists became interested in

representing in great detail the physical world around them

In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, artists such as

Raphael, Michelangelo, and Hans Holbein the Younger,
made preliminary studies and sketches before beginning a
painting

A full-sized drawing, called a cartoon, was often used as

the basis for the final work
Early History of drawing (16th -17th Century)

Michelangelo's red chalk Study for the Libyan Sibyl

(Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) closely
resembles his finished fresco painting in the Sistine Chapel
in the Vatican in Rome

Other notable draftsmen of the 16th and 17th centuries

include Peter Paul Rubens, who is known for his pen, brush,
and chalk figures
Early History of drawing (18th -19th Century)

During the 18th century, drawing was often used to make

a comment on the artist's period and society.

The Italian artists Canaletto and Francesco Guardi

recorded their impressions of 18th-century Venice in pen-
and-ink drawings that later provided the basis for their
paintings

In the 19th century, masterpieces of caricature were

produced by the French artists Honore Daumier
Early History of drawing (18th -19th Century) contd.

The English artist William Blake drew in an imaginative

and romantic style

The French artist J.A.D. Ingres achieved a precise

descriptive exactness of line, as in his famous pencil
drawing The Guillon-Lethiere Family
Early History of Drawing
(20th Century)
Pablo Picasso was a powerful artist of
20th century

He created the sense of drawing 3D

paintings using oil on canvas

Henri Matisse, Paul Klee, Joan Miro,

Amedeo Modigliani, George Grosz, and
Ben Shahn the artists who have also
contributed to the rich array of
contemporary drawings
EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING
DRAWING
 Evolution of Drawing (The Beginning)
No engineering drawing
history would be complete unless
it started with the
mathematician Euclid of
Alexandria (350 B.C.)
His postulates and axioms are
the foundations of the Euclidian
geometry upon which today's
CAD software systems are built.
 Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)

The beginning of contemporary technical drawing

originates from 15th century renaissance artists like the
Italian Architect Filippo Brunelleschi

He in about 1415 demonstrated the geometrical method

of perspective, used today by artists, by painting the outlines
of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror
 Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)
Leonardo da Vinci further developed perspective and
technical drawing, using geometric principles from famous
Greek mathematicians like Pythagoras of Samos, and Euclid
of Alexandria

While he is well known for his Mona Lisa, he was also a

designer of military machines and forerunners of todays
industrial machines

While the full extent of his scientific studies has only

become recognized in the last 150 years, he was, during his
lifetime, employed for his engineering and skill of invention
 Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)
Many of his designs, such as
the movable dikes to protect
Venice from invasion, proved too
costly or impractical

Some of his smaller inventions

entered the world of
manufacturing unheralded
Evolution of Drawing (18th Century)
In the 18th century the mathematician
Gaspard Monge developed descriptive
geometry, when designing a complicated
fortress in a star shape using orthographic
projection

Prior to the 18th century there was no need

for interchangeable parts, the ability to select
components for assembly at random and fit
them together within proper tolerances, and
accurate drawings were not necessary
 Evolution of Drawing (19th Century)
Since the Industrial Revolution specialized fields of engineering design
have developed to meet the needs of industry

Military and civil engineering were the first, from which others developed
such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, aerospace industrial engineering,
and many others

Eventually the development of the computer had a major impact on the

methods used to design and create technical drawings

First Drafting Standard was proposed in 1935. During 19th century the
Development of CAD started.
 Introduction of Modern Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing is the discipline of creating standardized
technical drawing by architects, design engineers, and related
professionals
Technical drawing includes the various fields and technologies
underpinning electronics, which has in turn revolutionized the art with
new tools in the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD)

More than just the drawing of pictures, it is also a graphical language

that communicates ideas and information from one mind to another
 Engineering
Drawing

The process of
producing
engineering
drawings is often
referred to as
technical drawing
or drafting.
 Evolution of Drawing (Introduction of CAD)
Computer Aided Design, CAD system is a combination of hardware
and software that enables engineers and architects to design
everything from furniture to airplanes.

Drafting can be done in 2D and 3D.

In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-

dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been
represented by three projected views at right angles
Evolution of Drawing (Introduction of CAD)
Sir John Herschel discovered the
blueprinting process in 1840 and
introduced it in the United States in
1876 but it was much later before it
was widely used

He made improvements in
photographic processes, particularly
in inventing the cyanotype process
and variations

He improved the modern

blueprint process.
Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)
Hanratty is widely credited as the Father of
CADD/CAM.
In 1957, while working at GE, he developed
PRONTO (Program for Numerical Tooling
Operations), the first commercial CNC
programming system.
Five years later, Sutherland presented his
Ph.D. thesis at MIT titled Sketchpad, A Man-
Machine Graphical Communication System.
Among its features, the first graphical user
interface, using a light pen to manipulate
objects displayed on a CRT.
Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)
Avions Marcel Dassault
created its Dassault Systemes
subsidiary in 1981 and signed a
sales and marketing agreement
allowing IBM to resell the CATIA
CAD software

CATIA Version 1 was released

in 1982 and the IBM-Dassault
partnership continues to the
present time
Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)

The following year, a group of

programmers formed Autodesk,
and in 1983 released AutoCAD,
the first significant CAD program
for the IBM PC

Lately Auto Desk released 24

versions of Auto CAD from 1983
to 2013
 References
1. http://www.drawingandpaintinglessons.com/Drawing-
Lessons/The-Evolution-of-Drawing.cfm

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing

3. http://info.cadcam.org/blog/bid/148578/The-Evolution-of-CAD-
Drafting

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design
Thank You