PART 1 - Draft Formal Report

Trow
Geotechnical Investigation,
Part 1, Dredging
Nassau Harbour Port Improvement Project
Prepared for:
Ministry of Works and Transport

Government of the Bahamas
Trow International Inc.

This report was prepared by Trow Associates Inc. for the exclusive use of Ministry of Works and Transport, Government of the
Bahamas and may not be reproduced in whole or in part, or used or relied upon in whole or in part by any party other than Ministry
of Works and Transport, Government of the Bahamas for any purpose whatsoever without the express permission of Ministry of
Works and Transport, Government of the Bahamas in writing.
56 Queen Street East, Suite 301 INTL00302101A

Brampton, Ontario L6V 4M8 August 8, 2008
Telephone: (905) 796-3200
Facsimile: (905) 793-5533
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Geotechnical Investigation, Part 1, Dredging Trow
The Bahamas INTL00302101A
Table of Contents
1. Summary 1
2. Introduction 3
3. Terms of Reference 4
4. Procedure 6
5. Interpretation of Factual Information 8

5.1 Correlation of Point Load Test Results with the Unconfined Compression
Strength ....................................................................................................................8
5.2 Impact on Strength of Soaking Bedrock Cores........................................................8
5.3 Bedrock Descriptions in Borehole Logs ..................................................................8
6. Geology and Subsurface Conditions 10

6.1 Geology of the Bahamas........................................................................................10
6.2 Subsurface Conditions in the Areas to Dredged ....................................................11
6.3 Subsurface Conditions near the Proposed Mooring Dolphins...............................14
7. Dredging Conditions 16
Tables
Table No. 1 ........................................................ Clark and Walker Classification System
Table No. 2 ............................................. Classification of Rock with Regard to Strength
Table No. 3 .................Classification of Rock with Regard to Spacing of Discontinuities
Table No. 4 ........................................Classification of Rock with Regard to RQD-Value
Table No. 5 ............................................................................. Bedrock Core Test Results
Drawings
Dwg. No. 1 Borehole Location Plan
Dwgs. No. 2 to 19 Borehole Logs
Dwgs. No. 20 to 24 Grain Size Distribution Plots
Appendices
Appendix A: Photographs of Bedrock Cores
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1. Summary
Trow International Inc.. was authorized to proceed with the geotechnical investigation for the
proposed dredging of Nassau Harbour in the Bahamas and for the installation of three
mooring dolphins of the ends of piers at St. Georges Wharf by means of receipt of a
mobilization payment on April 17, 2008.
The fieldwork consisted of drilling and sampling 15 boreholes to 5 feet below the proposed
dredge grades of El. -38 feet MLWS inside the harbour and El. -40 feet in the entrance
channel plus three boreholes to El. -100 feet at or near the location of the mooring dolphins.
The overburden and the upper levels of the bedrock were sampled by carrying out Standard
Penetration Resistance tests and obtaining split barrel samples. Where possible, the bedrock
was cored. After providing surficial samples for environmental testing, soil samples were
retained for moisture content and grain size distribution testing. The bedrock core was
logged and samples were selected for strength testing by means of unconfined compression
and point load tests.
The point load test results were correlated with the unconfined compression test results on
the same length of core in the laboratory in the as received condition. It was determined that
the correlation multiplication factors are 9 and 12 for the shallow and deep bedrock
respectively. Point load tests on as received cores and the same core run soaked for at least
24 hours in artificial seawater indicated that differences in strength due to sample preparation
are significantly less than differences in the natural strength of the bedrock on the same core
run.
The site is located in the Bahamas Archipelago, which is a group of islands, discontinuous
sand bars and coral reefs. The upper sediments consist of oolitic sands, aragonite sands,
eroded coral and a relatively porous calcareous limestone. The upper portions of the
limestone consist of fairly thin layers, strata and lenses of debris. This debris exists in the
form of broken coral, flinty chert inclusions, distinct calcite or aragonite crystals or nodule-
like inclusions of other limestone formations. Additionally, there are fossils of small marine
animals and distinct shell inclusions.
In the areas to be dredged, there are insignificant thicknesses of overburden outside the
harbour and zero to 14 feet of very loose to loose calcareous sand over the bedrock
elsewhere. Immediately below the overburden, calcareous limestone bedrock was
encountered at Elevations -7.5 to -25.1 feet MLWS except where it had been previously
dredged deeper. The geotechnical properties of the bedrock are variable both vertically and
laterally from borehole to borehole. The upper portions of this bedrock have the consistency
of very soft to hard soil. Corable bedrock was not observed above the proposed dredge
grades in six boreholes and it was encountered at Els. -12.0 to -24.0 feet in the other 10
boreholes. In general, the uncorable bedrock is predominant to lower levels in the east part
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of the harbour, although it is present to below the proposed dredge grades at some locations
elsewhere.
The corable bedrock above the proposed dredge grades is frequently vuggy and contains
shell fragments. In four of the boreholes, fair to excellent quality, very weak to strong
bedrock with joint spacing ranging from extremely close to wide was encountered near the
top of the corable bedrock. The quality and strength of the bedrock decrease below this layer
and above the proposed dredge grades. In the remaining 7 corable boreholes in the dredging
area, the bedrock quality and strength is generally better near its upper surface than at depth.
The bedrock at the mooring dolphins is extremely weak above El. -57.5 feet at the north west
location dipping to El. -73.7 feet in the east location. Below these levels it is generally
interlayered weak and extremely weak material. Below El. -86 feet, there is a 10 to at least
14 feet thick layer of fair to excellent quality, strong to weak bedrock with very close to wide
joint spacing. Extremely weak bedrock was encountered below this stronger layer at Els. -96
to -99 feet at the west mooring dolphins.
It is expected that the dredging contractors will make their own decisions about the suitable
dredging equipment for the conditions at the site based on the available information,
additional investigation, if required, and their own requirements and experience. The
boreholes did not delineate specific areas where different dredging conditions could be
readily defined. The sand overburden should be easy to dredge The upper calcareous
limestone bedrock that was not cored and most of the corable bedrock is expected to be
dredgeable with suitably equipped dredgers, such as suction dredgers with rock cutters.
However, there are zones, where the bedrock is stronger and the joint spacing wider.
If suction dredges are employed, it is expected that the solids in the form of silty sand to
sandy silt will settle out in stilling ponds and the water reach an acceptable turbidity for
disposal offshore within one to two days. If it does not, there are a number of remedies that
may be considered. Accurate estimates of bulking factors can best be obtained from trials
before or shortly after the start of the dredging. For preliminary estimating purposes, it is
suggested that bedrock excavated with a suction dredge be assumed to have a bulking factor
of 1.3 and with equipment, which leaves the bedrock more intact, a bulking factor of 1.2.
The bulking factor for the sand overburden can be assumed to be unity.
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2. Introduction
On April 17, 2008, Trow International Inc. was authorized to proceed with the geotechnical
investigation for the Consulting Engineering Services for the Nassau Harbour Dredging &
Mooring Dolphins Project for the Government of the Bahamas, Ministry of Works &
Transport by means of receipt of a mobilization payment.
The purpose of the investigation was to provide geotechnical data about the stratigraphy
above the proposed dredge grades in the harbour and entrance channel to Nassau and for
three proposed dolphins, which are planned at both ends of the northerly pier within Prince
George Wharf and the west end of the middle pier. Additionally, geotechnical parameters
were to be provided for the design of the mooring dolphins.
It is understood that the existing harbour and entrance channel are to be dredged to be larger
in area at the same dredge grades as the current harbour to facilitate access by large cruise
ships. This involves dredging both to the north and south of the existing harbour to -38 feet
Mean Low Water Spring datum (MLWS) in the harbour and to -40 feet on both sides of the
east portion of the entrance channel and on the south side outside the harbour. Drawing 1
provides a plan showing existing and porposed new dredge limits as well as borehole
locations.
The proposed mooring dolphins will be located 300 feet off the ends of the piers to extend
their effective length. Support for the dolphins, which are being considered, include:
Large diameter vertical piles;
Smaller diameter vertical and batter piles; and
Steel sheet piles cells.
As well as the data obtained during this investigation, information from a previous
investigation for the northerly pier at Prince George Wharf and associated dredging has been
used to assess the geotechnical conditions in the area. This report is entitled Nassau
Harbour Expansion and Family Islands Harbour Improvements, a geotechnical study written
by Woods Engineering Consulting, Inc., dated August 17, 1989 (Woods Report). Because it
is considered that discrepancies between the methods of description used in this report and
the Woods Report might result in interpretive confusion, the borehole logs from the Woods
Report are not included with this report.
The comments given in this report are intended only for the guidance of the design engineers.
The number of boreholes required to determine the localized underground conditions
between boreholes affecting construction costs, techniques, sequencing, equipment,
scheduling, etc. would be much greater than has been carried out for design purposes.
Contractors bidding on or undertaking the works should in this light, decide on their own
investigations, as well as their own interpretations of the factual borehole results to draw
their own conclusions as to how the subsurface conditions may affect them.
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3. Terms of Reference
The terms of reference, as presented in the proposal for the project, dated November 2007,
were to:
Drill and sample 18 boreholes to 45 feet depth in four areas that had been identified
to be dredged in the Request for Proposals by the Government of Bahamas, Ministry
of Works & Transport and 3 boreholes to 100 feet depth for 3 mooring dolphins.
The locations of the boreholes were to be by GPS methods. The elevations were to
be established from tidal gauges.
Soil samples were to be obtained at 2.5 feet intervals with a split barrel sampler
undertaking Standard Penetration Tests (SPT). The bedrock was to be cored using
HX size core barrels.
The 2.5 to 4 feet depth samples were to be taken by procedures acceptable to the
BEST Commission & Environmental Agencies and delivered to Blue Engineering
for environmental testing.
Soil Samples were to be stored in airtight containers.
The site was to be visited by the project engineer in the early stages of the fieldwork
to: review site conditions and drilling procedures and modify them, if required; meet
with personnel of other members of the consortium and have discussions with
Government geologists about the expected stratification at the site.
Geotechnical laboratory testing would consist of: moisture contents on all soil
samples; grain size distribution tests on one soil sample per borehole; and unconfined
compression tests on two sections of bedrock per borehole.
A report was to be produced that: included borehole logs showing SPT results;
moisture contents; % core recovery and rock quality designation (RQD) of the
bedrock cores; and soil and bedrock descriptions. It would also include: graphical
presentation of the grain size distribution results, tabulation of the unconfined
compression tests results; analysis of the dredgability of the materials above 40
depth; and provision of geotechnical engineering parameters for the mooring
dolphins.
The report was to be distributed to members of the consortium and the Government
of the Bahamas, Ministry of Works & Transport for review and comment and would
be finalized thereafter.
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During production of the report, it was agreed that it would be presented in two parts:
all the data obtained, interpretation of that data, and comments about the dredging
aspects of the construction; and a subsequent addendum providing geotechnical
parameters for the design of the mooring dolphins. This report covers the first part
of the complete report.
After award of the contract to Cox & SHAL consultants, the areas to be dredged were revised
to those shown in Drawing 1. The dredging depth within the harbour was decreased to being
to -38 feet MLWS. Consequently, the total number of boreholes for the dredging was
decreased to 15 with those within the harbour being drilled to a minimum level of -43 feet
MLWS. The locations of these holes are shown in Drawing 1. Furthermore, because of
cruise ship traffic, the boreholes for the mooring dolphins at the west end of the wharves (BH
4 and 5) could not be drilled at the exact location of the dolphins. Instead, they were
positioned as close as possible, as shown in Drawing 1.
For reasons outside the control of Trow, the project manager, Mr. C. D. Thompson, was
unable to visit the site during the drilling. Instead, he fulfilled all the functions of the site
visit, with the exception of meetings with Government geologists, by very close
communication with the Trow engineer on site and with Mr. T. Hluchan of SHAL Consulting
Engineers Ltd. A senior geological engineer also visited the site on two occasions to fulfill
these requirements.
This report is provided on the basis of the terms of reference and on the assumption that the
design will be in accordance with applicable codes and standards. If there are any changes in
the design features relevant to the geotechnical analyses, or if any questions arise concerning
geotechnical aspects of the codes and standards, this office should be contacted to review the
design. It may then be necessary to carry out additional borings and reporting before the
recommendations of this office may be relied upon.
The scope of services described above is based upon a limited number of soil samples
obtained from widely spaced subsurface explorations. The nature and extent of variations
between these explorations may not become evident until construction. If variations or other
latent conditions do become evident, it may be necessary to reevaluate the scope of this
report.
Consideration of the environmental conditions at the site was not part of the terms of
reference for this investigation and is not commented on in the report.
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4. Procedure
The fieldwork involved drilling and sampling 10 boreholes (BHs 1,3,6, 6 to 10 and 12 to 15)
to approximately El. -43 feet MLWS, 5 boreholes (BHs 11, 14 and 16 to 18) to approximate
El. -45 feet MLWS and 3 boreholes (BHs 2, 4 and 5) to El. -100 feet MLWS. The drilling
and sampling was carried out by Toney Drilling Supplies, Inc. under the direction of Trow
International Inc. between May 22 and June 9, 2008. The drilling was undertaken in hollow
stem augers from a jack up barge using a CME 55 drill rig.
The sampling consisted of taking split barrel samples of the overburden and the weaker
bedrock while performing Standard Penetration Tests. This sampling was carried out
continuously in some boreholes to 5 feet intervals in others. Once it was considered that core
could be recovered, the boreholes were advanced by coring with HQ3 wire line triple tube
core barrels.
The boreholes were located using Garmin Global Positioning Systems (GPS) equipment.
The boreholes were located on the grid for UTM Zone 18R. The elevations of the boreholes
were established by measuring the depth of water at each borehole and the depth of the water
surface below the top of the cope wall for the northerly pier at Prince George Wharf at as
close to the same time as practical. The elevation of the top of the cope wall was assumed to
be +7.5 feet MLWS based on information provided by Cox & SHAL. All elevations in this
report are referenced to Mean Low Water Spring tide datum. It is considered that the
locations are accurate to approximately 5 m (16.4 feet) and the elevations to 0.2 m (0.7 feet).
On completion of the drilling and sampling, a geological engineer from Trow carried out a
detailed examination of the soil samples and bedrock cores to develop borehole logs for
reporting purposes. Selected soil samples and bedrock cores were then transported to Trows
laboratory in Brampton, Ontario, Canada for further review and testing. On completion of
this process, the borehole logs were finalized for this report (Drawings 2 to 19). The bedrock
descriptions were carried out in general conformity with those suggested by Clark and
Walker (1977), except that the bedrock strength descriptions conform to the International
Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) System. The Clark and Walker classification system is
derived from A Proposed Scheme for the Classification and Nomenclature for use in the
Engineering Description of Middle Eastern Sedimentary Rocks, published in Geotechnique,
Volume 27, Pages 93 to 99, 1977. It is shown in Table 1 and the Classification of Rock with
Regard to Strength is in Table 2. The Classification of Rock with Regard to Spacing of
Discontinuities and the Classification of Rock with Regard to RQD-Values are shown on
Tables 3 and 4 respectively. These classifications are derived from internationnaly accepted
practice.
The laboratory testing involved moisture contents on soil samples, grain size distribution
tests on selected soil samples and unconfined compression and point load tests on the
bedrock cores. As there were few soil samples and most of them were given to Blue
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Engineering for environmental testing, only 5 moisture content and 5 grain size distribution
tests (Drawings 20 to 24) were carried out. Furthermore, the samples were small and it is
possible that the samples had dried out somewhat, even though the were stored in airtight
bags.
A total of 31 unconfined compression tests were performed on bedrock core, as received

from the field. Point load tests were undertaken on the cores both axially (in the vertical
direction) and laterally (in the horizontal direction) both as received in the laboratory and
after they had been soaked in artificial seawater for at least 24 hours. The point load test
results were calibrated for unconfined compression strength by comparing all those, on
which unconfined compression tests had been undertaken with the results of that testing. A
total of 61 point load tests were carried out. The as received unit weight of the bedrock cores
was measured for 38 samples. The moisture content of 19 samples, which had been soaked
in artificial seawater for at least 24 hours, was measured. The results of the testing are
presented in Table 5.
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5. Interpretation of Factual Information

The factual information obtained during the investigation has been subjected to interpretation
to: correlate point load testing with unconfined compression strengths; assess whether
strengths obtained from tests on bedrock cores, which had air dried before receipt in the
laboratory, differ significantly from the wet condition; and aid in the understanding of the
descriptions of the bedrock in the borehole logs.
5.1 Correlation of Point Load Test Results with the Unconfined

Compression Strength
The point load tests (PLT) were correlated with the unconfined compression (U/C) test
results on similar samples, which were as received in the laboratory. Initially, all the PLT
results were used and they were separated into axial and lateral test results. While this
indicated that the axial correlation multiplier was likely slightly greater than the lateral
multiplier, it revealed that the correlation multipliers for the shallow bedrock cores above the
design dredge grades was likely significantly less than in the deeper bedrock at the mooring
dolphins. This difference was greater than between the axial and lateral multiplier
correlation difference. Consequently, it was considered that it was more appropriate to
determine PLT correlation multipliers for all results at above and below El. -58 feet, which is
the highest level at which corable deeper bedrock was encountered in the drilling. The
resultant correlation multipliers are 9 for shallow bedrock and 12 for deep bedrock.
5.2 Impact on Strength of Soaking Bedrock Cores
The strengths of the bedrock were compared to assess whether they were impacted by air
drying. PLTs on as received samples were compared with those that had been soaked for at
least 24 hours in artificial seawater and the moisture content after soaking was measured for
selected samples. Overall, there is a slight tendency for the soaked PLTs to be greater than
the unsoaked results. However, the scatter of results is so great that it is considered that
strength tests are directly comparable for both preparation procedures. This is in agreement
with similar comparisons by Trow on other projects in the Bahamas Archipelago.
5.3 Bedrock Descriptions in Borehole Logs
Data is provided in the borehole logs about the quality of the bedrock and the frequency of
joint spacing by means of the Rock Quality Designations (RQD), which is the total length of
core over 4 inches in length between joints, and comments about the joint spacing in relation
to the classification, which is shown in Table 4. Throughout the descriptions, the non-
recovered core is treated as joints in the bedrock. When interpreting the information, the
RQDs should be compared with Table 3 and the joint spacing with Table 4.
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The strength testing was performed on bedrock cores, which were generally of sufficient
length and quality to allow them to be tested in unconfined compression. Consequently, even
though representative samples of suitable core were tested, the tests were carried out on the
stronger bedrock at the site. The strength descriptions in Section 6 and the borehole logs
were developed by correlation to the laboratory strengths by means of the methods presented
in Table 2 for core that was recovered. Based on the field observations of the drilling, it was
concluded that the material, which was not recovered in the coring operation, is
predominantly extremely weak bedrock rather than open joints. The descriptions in the
borehole logs reflect these assumptions for each core run.
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6. Geology and Subsurface Conditions

The geotechnical investigation for the proposed dredging and mooring dolphins consisted of
widely spaced boreholes. The geological stratification in the Bahamas Archipelago is known
to be predominantly calcareous limestone under a thin veneer of overburden. There is
considerable variability of the engineering properties of the shallow bedrock both vertically
and horizontally, such that interpolation of stronger and weaker layers between even closely
spaced boreholes is difficult, if not impossible. Consequently, the boreholes have been
undertaken to assess ranges of engineering properties that can be expected, both in the
dredging and the installation of the mooring dolphins. The data from them should be
interpreted and analyzed on this basis.
This section of the report describes the geology and subsurface conditions, as follows:
1. Geology of the Bahamas.
2. Subsurface Conditions in the Areas to be Dredged.
3. Subsurface Conditions near the Proposed Mooring Dolphins.
6.1 Geology of the Bahamas
The Bahamas Archipelago consists of a group of low islands, discontinuous sand bars and
coral reefs. The group stretches approximately 600 miles long by 150 miles wide paralleling
the southern coast of Florida and the northeastern coast of Cuba. The existing land forms
were created by sedimentary deposition and erosion.
The upper sediments consist of oolitic sands, aragonite sands, eroded and weathered coral
and a fairly porous limestone. The upper portions of the porous limestone consist of fairly
thin layers, strata and lenses of debris. This debris exists in the form of broken coral, flinty
chert inclusions, distinct calcite or aragonite crystals or nodule-like inclusions of other
limestone formations. Additionally, there are fossils of small marine animals and distinct
shell inclusions.
While the islands were formed in a similar manner, there are some distinct differences in the
limestone depending on the location. The western islands have a stronger, indurated
limestone formation. The softer and correspondingly younger limestone formations of New
Providence and the eastern islands primarily consist of oolitic sands with inclusions of coral
and shells. Recrystalization occurs to some extent in most of the limestone formations. The
upper levels of limestone are thinly bedded and weathered resting on thicker strata of older
limestone.
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Immediately adjacent to several of the islands are extremely deep canyons cutting several
miles into the limestone formations. These canyons have steep sides thus indicating a stable
limestone crust beneath the existing banks of weathered limestone, oolitic sands and coral.
The surface of the weathered limestone is often erratic in elevation and texture. This is fairly
common for karst topography, in which limestone formations are continually changed due to
current erosion and solution weathering and sedimentation. Solution cavities are common in
this subterrain and thus contribute to the changes in the subterranean surfaces.
The limestone of these islands is formed by accumulations of calcium carbonate in several

different forms. The calcium carbonate may exist as calcite or aragonite, a relatively
unstable form of calcium carbonate. The aragonite tends to break down and form calcite
over a period of time.
Ooliths form around discrete particles such as silica. The ooliths are rounded or subrounded
particles, which can exist as individual particles or can be cemented by calcareous silts.
Consolidation by overburden pressure followed by cementation transforms this material into
a fairly consistent, granular form of limestone.
The in-situ limestone may thus be formed by an accumulation of oolitic particles, shell
particles, particle fragments, chert inclusions and other sedimentary constituents bound
together in a cemented matrix. The matrix can further lithify by recrystalization or other
physical changes to produce a hardened mass.
6.2 Subsurface Conditions in the Areas to Dredged
The areas to be dredged are shown in Drawing 1. The geotechnical conditions in all the
boreholes in these areas plus those at BH 15 above the proposed dredge grades (-38 feet
MLWS in the harbour and -40 feet MWLS in the entrance channels) are described in this
subsection of the report.
Outside the protection of Paradise Island and the West Breakwater, there are insignificant
thicknesses of soil over the bedrock. Inside the harbour, the soil is very loose to loose sand
with Standard Penetration Resistances (SPR) generally in the range of 1 to 3 blows/foot and
occasional SPRs as high as 6 blows/foot. The sand is generally grey to tan in colour. It is
fine to coarse grained calcareous material with shell fragments. The thickness of the soil
over the bedrock inside the harbour was found to range from 0 to 14 feet. The soil
thicknesses at the boreholes inside the harbour are presented below together with the
thicknesses in the boreholes in the Woods Report (BH 1 OTH to 5 OTH). It should be noted
that the soil and bedrock above El. -38 feet has subsequently been dredged and the data from
the Woods Report is used to represent likely conditions near the edges of the proposed
dredging areas.
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Thickness of Soil over Bedrock
BH 1 0.5 feet
BH 2 4.0 feet
BH 3 5.5 feet
BH 6 0.0 feet
BH 7 14.0 feet
BH 8 7.0 feet
BH 9 2.0 feet
BH 10 6.0 feet
BH 11 0.2 feet
BH 12 2.5 feet
BH 13 1.5 feet
BH 14 4.6 feet
BH 15 0.0 feet
BH 1 OTH 1.0 feet
BH 2 OTH 1.5 feet
BH 3 OTH 4.0 feet
BH 4 OTH 5.5 feet
BH 5 OTH 0.0 feet
The bedrock down to 5 feet below the proposed dredge grades is calcareous limestone. It
ranges in texture from calcilutite to calcilrudite with the texture varying both vertically and
laterally. In general terms, it tends towards being of calcarenite texture (sand grain sized) in
the easterly portions of the investigated areas and to being calcilrudite (gravel sized) and
calcilutite (fine grained) towards the west. It is tan in colour. It is frequently vuggy with the
vugs ranging from small pores to larger openings. There are frequent shell fragments and
inclusions.
The strength properties of the bedrock are quite variable both vertically and horizontally.
Generally, the upper bedrock is extremely weak (U/C <10 tsf) and it becomes stronger with
depth. However, even the stronger bedrock is mainly weak to very weak (U/C of 10 to 250
tsf) and it contains extremely weak layers, zones and seams. However, it was observed to
contain occasional medium strong to strong (U/C of 250 to > 500 tsf) in some locations.
The bedrock was cored at as high a level as practical. However, at most locations, the upper
bedrock was too weak to be cored and it was sampled with a split barrel sampler. This
material is defined as the upper extremely weak bedrock. In general terms, the upper
extremely weak bedrock appears to extend below the bottom of the boreholes to the east of a
line from between BHs 7 and 8 to between BHs 1 and 3. It also extended down to below the
proposed dredge grades at BH 17. Elsewhere the extremely weak upper bedrock, as based on
corability, is considered to extend down to the elevations listed below.
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Elevation of Bottom of Upper Extremely Weak Bedrock
BH 3 -15.5 feet
BH 8 -20.4 feet
BH 9 -22.7 feet
BH 10 -17.5 feet
BH 11 -19.7 feet
BH 12 -23.0 feet
BH 13 -23.3 feet
BH 14 -13.8 feet
BH 15 -12.0 feet
BH 16 -24.0 feet
BH 18 -22.8 feet
BH 2 OTH -24.8 feet
The extremely weak upper bedrock, if described as a soil, would have a consistency of very
soft to hard with estimated U/Cs of less than 0.25 tsf to 10 tsf. To a large extent, the U/C
would be estimated at between 2 and 6 tsf.
The corable bedrock below the elevations presented above is stronger but contains weak
layers and zones. It was possible to obtain cores suitable for U/C testing where the U/C was
as low as 23 tsf and recovery of bedrock for PLT testing was achieved at U/C strengths as
low as 14 tsf. The drilling indicated that there is material at levels where core could not be
recovered. Consequently, it is considered that the unrecovered core was likely extremely
weak and it has been described as such in the borehole logs.
The corable bedrock was frequently found to be vuggy and to include shell fragments.
In a number of the boreholes (BHs 3, 8, 13 and 14), close to 100% core recovery was
achieved near the top of the corable bedrock and the RQD was generally greater than 50%
and, on occasion, was or was close to 100%. This indicates an RQD Classification of fair to
excellent quality. However, in all of these boreholes, the core recovery and RQD decreased
substantially above or at the dredge grades. The other corable boreholes (BHs 9, 10, 11, 12,
15, 16 and 18) also exhibit better core recoveries and RQDs at the upper levels than at the
proposed dredge grades.
The joint spacing of the corable bedrock ranges from extremely close (< 0.8 inches) to wide
(> 24 inches), although the widest joint spacing was not much greater than 24 inches. The
widest joint spacing was observed in BH 3, although moderately close joint spacing (8 to 24
inches) was noted near the upper surface of the corable bedrock in a number of boreholes.
However, in general, the joint spacing is extremely close to close.
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The U/C of the testable bedrock in BHs 3, 8, 13, 14 and 16 ranged from 23 to 595 tsf with the
stronger bedrock being in BHs 13 and 14 on the north side of the harbour towards the west
end of Paradise Island and in BH 16 in the entrance channel. On the basis of these results, it
is considered that there are layers of very weak to medium strong or strong bedrock in BHs 3,
8, 13, 14 and 16 above the proposed dredge grades and these are underlain by very to
extremely weak bedrock.
The other corable bedrock (BHs 9,10 to 12, 15 and 18) indicate thinner bedding of the
stronger bedrock, which is weak to very weak (U/Cs of 25 to 228 tsf), and more frequent
extremely weak layers. No core was recovered below Els. -35.6 and -30.5 feet in BHs 9 and
10 respectively, indicating extremely weak bedrock below these levels. Elsewhere, the
extremely weak bedrock ranged from being predominant to being in occasional seams or
zones.
The boreholes, which were drilled for the Woods Report in areas of the harbour that were
subsequently dredged to approximate Elevation -38 feet LMWS (BHs 1 OTH to 5 OTH)
indicate similar conditions to those in the current investigation.
6.3 Subsurface Conditions near the Proposed Mooring Dolphins
Only BH 2 was drilled at the exact location of a mooring dolphin due to difficulties keeping
out of the way of cruise ship traffic. However, based on the data from Boreholes 2, 4 and 5
and from Woods Report BHs 1 to 11 NAS, the geotechnical conditions are sufficiently
consistent to extrapolate conclusions about them to the locations of the mooring dolphins, as
long as appropriate consideration is given to the natural variability of the bedrock.
At BH 2, below the harbour bottom at El. -21.1 feet, there is 4 feet of very loose sand. It is
grey, medium to coarse grained and calcareous. The harbour has been previously dredged at
BHs 4 and 5 to between Els. -41.0 and -41.8 feet. Indications are that material removal has
occurred deeper in some locations, as there is 4 feet of very loose sand overlying the bedrock
at BH 4. At BH 5 there is a thin veneer of 0.4 feet of sand over the bedrock.
Calcareous limestone bedrock underlies the sand and extends to the bottom of the boreholes
at Els. -100.0 to -100.8 feet. Its texture ranges from calcarenite to calcilutite. It is tan in
colour. It is predominantly vuggy where it was cored.
The bedrock was sampled with split barrel samplers to between El. -57.5 feet (BH 4) and -
73.7 feet (BH 2), indicating that the extremely weak upper bedrock likely deepens to the east,
as was assessed from the boreholes for the dredging. The SPRs of the upper extremely weak
bedrock ranged from 6 to 52 blows/foot, which, in equivalent soil consistency terms, would
be firm to hard with estimated U/C values of 0.5 to 5 tsf.
14
DRAFT
The RQD Classification quality of the corable bedrock above approximate El. -86 feet ranges
from very poor to good and the joint spacing is extremely close to moderately close. Below
approximate El. -86 feet, the RQD Classification quality is fair to excellent with very close to
wide joint spacing, except below El -96 to -99 feet in BHs 4 and 5 where the RQD
Classification quality is very poor.
At corable depths, the bedrock is generally interlayered weak and extremely weak material.
At some levels, the weak bedrock predominates and at others the extremely weak bedrock.
Below approximate El. -86, there is a strong to weak layer (U/Cs of 116 to 740 tsf) of
calcilutite that does not contain extremely weak zones. This extends to the bottom of BH 2.
It is underlain at approximate Els. -96 to -99 feet in BHs 4 and 5 by weak to extremely weak
bedrock, i.e.., the stronger layer appears to be 10 to at least 14 feet thick.
15
DRAFT
7. Dredging Conditions
This section provides comments about the geotechnical conditions in the areas of the
harbour, which are to be widened and the access channel, for the guidance of the design
engineers. It is expected the contractors, who are bidding to undertake the dredging, have the
expertise to determine the most suitable dredging equipment for their operations based on the
borehole logs, the description of the subsurface conditions in Section 6 above, the
photographs of the bedrock cores in Appendix A, the strength test results, viewing the
bedrock cores at the site, additional investigation to satisfy their own requirements and their
own experience with dredging in similar conditions.
The boreholes did not delineate specific areas where different dredging conditions could be
readily defined. The sand overburden, where present, should be easy to dredge with most
types of dredger. The upper calcareous limestone bedrock that was not cored and most of the
corable bedrock is expected to be dredgeable with suitably equipped dredgers, such as
suction dredgers with rock cutters. However, there are zones in some of the boreholes that
appear more difficult to dredge, because the bedrock is stronger and the joint spacing is
wider. While it appears that these may be more predominant in the harbour near Paradise
Island and in the access channel just outside the harbour entrance, these stronger zones were
also found on the south side of the harbour. They are intermediate in depth and tend to be
underlain by extremely weak to very weak bedrock, which is more readily dredgeable.
When the dredging is undertaken to the propsed dredge grades, the soil and bedrock will
slough back. It is expected that this will be 6 horizontal to 1 vertical or flatter in the sand
overburden. The initial slope in the bedrock will likely range from near vertical to 1
horizontal to 1 vertical. However, sloughing will continue as the bedrock erodes.
If suction dredges are used to excavate, the discharge will be deposited in the form of a semi-
fluid material in stilling ponds. The bulk of the solids are expected to be of a silty sand to
sandy silt gradation. It is expected that the solids will settle to the bottom of a 10 to 20 feet
deep stilling pond within 24 hours and that the turbidity of the water will be such that it will
meet U. S. Corps of Engineers criteria for disposal offshore within 1 to 2 days. If this does
not occur, there are a number of remedies that may be considered, including but not limited
to filtering through geotextiles and flocculation of the effluent.
Accurate estimates of bulking factors for the dredged bedrock are best available from records
of previous similar dredging projects. If they are not, trials may be undertaken before or
during the early stages of construction. For this purpose, appropriately crushed or dredged
material could be deposited in a suitable sedimentation chamber or containment cell with the
volume of the deposited material being compared with the volume of the bedrock before
excavation. For preliminary estimating purposes, Trow suggests that the bulking factor for
bedrock, which has been excavated with a suction dredge with rock cutters, be taken as 1.3.
Other dredgers, which leave the bedrock more intact, should result in a fill with less bulking
16
DRAFT
at preliminary bulking factors in the order of 1.2. The sand overburden can be assumed to
have a bulking factor of unity, i.e., it does not bulk.
Trow International Ltd. should be retained for a general review of the final design and
specifications to verify that this report has been properly interpreted and implemented. If not
accorded the privilege of making this review, Trow will assume no responsibility for
interpretation of the recommendations in the report.
C. D. Thompson, P. Eng. S. E. Gonsalves, P. Eng.

Technical Director Executive Vice President
Geotechnical Engineering
17
DRAFT
Tables
1
Table 1: Clark and Walker Classification System
NOTES 1 Non-carbonate constituents are likely to be siliceous apart 3 The preferred lithological nomenclature has been shown in block
from local concentrations of minerals such as felspar and capitals; alternatives have been given in brackets and these may be
mixed heavy minerals (Emery 1956). substituted in description if the need arises.
2 In description the rough proportions of carbonate and non- 4 Calcareous is suggested as a general term to indicate the presence of
carbonate constituents should be quoted and details of both unidentified carbonate. Where applicable, when mineral identification is
the particle minerals and matrix minerals should be included. possible calcareous referring to calcite or alternative adjectives such as
dolomitic, aragonitic, sideitic etc. should be used.
ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTIVE TERMS BASED ON ORIGIN OF CONSTITUENT PARTICLES

Approximate
Degree DIOCLASTIC DOCLITE SHELL CORAL ALGAL PISOLITES
Unconfined NOT DISCERNIBLE
of (Organic) (Inorganic) (Organic) (Organic) (Organic) (Inorganic)
Compressive
Induration Strength INCREASING GRAIN SIZE OF PARTICULATE DEPOSITS
0.002 mm 0.050 mm 2 mm 60 mm
CARBONATE MUD CARBONATE SILT CARBONATE SAND CARBONATE GRAVEL
90%
(<36 to >300kN/m)
Clayey CARBONATE Siliceous CARBONATE Siliceous CARBONATE

Very soft to hard
Non-indurated
MUD SILT 1 SAND 1

Mixed carbonate and 2 50%
non-carbonate GRAVEL
Calcareous silica
Calcareous CLAY Calcareous SILT 1
SAND 1
10%
CLAY SILT silica SAND GRAVEL
CALCILUTITE (carb.clayst.) CALCISILTITE (carb.siltst.) CALCARENITE (carb.sandst) CALCIRUDITE (carb.conglom or breccia)
90%
Hard to moderately weak
(0.3 to 12.5 MN/m)
Slightly indurated
Clayey CALCILUTITE Siliceous CALCILUTITE Siliceous CALCARENITE Conglomeratic CALCIRUDITE 2
TOTAL CARBONATE CONTENT %

(constituent particles plus matrix)
50%
Calcareous CLAYSTONE Calcareous SILTSTONE Calcareous SANDSTONE Calcareous CONGLOMERATE
10%
CLAYSTONE SILTSTONE SANDSTONE CONGLOMERATE OR CRECCIA
Fine-grained LIMESTONE Detrital LIMESTONE CONGLOMERATE LIMESTONE
Moderately strong to strong
90%
Moderately indurated
(12.5 to 100 MN/m)
Fine-grained Fine-grained 2
Siliceous detrital LIMESTONE Conglomeratic LIMESTONE
Argillaceous LIMESTONE Siliceous LIMESTONE
50%
Calcareous CLAYSTONE Calcareous SILTSTONE Calcareous SANDSTONE Calcareous CONGLOMERATE
10%
CLAYSTONE SILTSTONE SANDSTONE CONGLOMERATE OR BRECCIA
Strong to extremely strong
CRYSTALLINE LIMESTONE OR MARBLE

(70 to >200 MN/m)
Highly indurated
(tends towards uniformity of grain size and loss of original texture)
50%
Conventional metamorphic nomenclature applies in this section

Table 2: ISRM Strength Classification System
RANGE OF RANGE OF
STRENGTH UNCONFINED UNCONFINED
FIELD IDENTIFICATION METHOD COMPRESSIVE COMPRESSIVE
GRADE CLASSIFICATION STRENGTH STRENGTH
(MPa) (tsf)
R0 Extremely weak Indented by thumbnail <1 < 10
Crumbles under firm blows of geological hammer; can be

R1 Very weak 1-5 10 - 52
peeled with a pocket knife
Can be peeled by a pocket knife with difficulty; shallow

R2 Weak rock indentations made by a firm blow with point of geological 5 - 25 52 - 261
hammer
Cannot be scraped or peeled with a pocket knife;

R3 Medium strong specimen can be fractured with a single firm blow of 25 - 50 261 - 522
geological hammer
Specimen requires more than one blow of geological

R4 Strong 50 - 100 522 - 1044
hammer to fracture
Specimen requires many blows of geological hammmer to

R5 Very strong 100 - 250 1044 - 2611
fracture
R6 Extremely strong Specimen can only be chipped by the geological hammer > 250 > 2611
Table 3: Rock Quality Designation

Classification System
RQD CLASSIFICATION RQD-VALUE (%)
Very poor quality < 25

Poor quality 25 - 50
Fair quality 50 - 75
Good quality 75 - 90
Excellent Quality 90 - 100
Table 4: Joint Spacing Classification System
SPACING SPACING WIDTH SPACING WIDTH

CLASSIFICATION (m) (inch)
Extremely close < 0.02 < 0.8

Very close 0.02 - 0.06 0.8 - 2.4
Close 0.06 - 0.20 2.4 - 8
Moderately close 0.2 - 0.6 8 - 24

Wide 0.6 - 2.0 24 - 80
Very wide 2.0 - 6.0 80 - 240
Extremely wide >6 > 240

Table 5: Bedrock Core Test Results
Sample Elevation Unit Weight Moisture Content Point Load Test Results (kPa) Unconfined Compression Strength (U/C) (tsf) from
Number (ft) (pcf) (%) U/A U/L S/A S/L U/A U/L S/A S/L U/C Test
BH 2-1 -74.9 127.5 8 98

BH 2-2 -88.9 136.2 3197 924 401 116 138
BH 2-3 -95.8 157.7 1.5 627
BH 2-4 -98.6 142.8 195
BH 3-1 -19.4 14.1 219 239 225 152 21 23 21 14.3

BH 3-2 -24.8 113.7 33
BH 4-1 -72.1 133.9 7.2 1108 0 1199 2176 139 0 150 273 137
BH 4-2 -87.6 135.7 176
BH 4-3 -92.1 155.8 1.4 4282 2186 5912 4121 536 274 741 516 549
BH 4-4 -93.8 154.6 4368 2306 2998 3926 547 289 376 492 631
BH 5-1 -68.1 121.4 8.2 75

BH 5-2 130.2 194
BH 5-3 -90.8 134.3 2.1 1119 2548 2783 3022 140 319 349 379 153
BH 8-1 -20.9 111.4 30

BH 8-2 -27.6 111.9 2.9 23
BH 8-3 -22.9 114.3 209 0 21 0
BH 9-1 -23.1 105 575 176 192 54 16.5 18 28

BH 9-2 -30.1 108.5 13.1 37
BH 10-1 -21.2 132.3 137

BH 10-2 -22.3 105.5 13.8 24
BH 11-1 -20.8 133.3 408 343 476 39 33 45 71

BH 11-2 -35.3 120.7 7.2 2401 1163 225 108
BH 11-3 -38.1 122.7 834 1102 79 104
BH 12-1 -29.6 122.4 11.1 63

BH 12-2 -45 74.1 1478 155 138 14.5 25
BH 13-1 -27.1 131.4 12.1 833 79 125

BH 13-2 -35.4 118.9 41
BH 13-3 -42.8 121.5 1.4 3945 2818 371 264
BH 14-1 -18.7 124.4 394 37 72

BH 14-2 -30 133.1 75
BH 14-3 -39.2 118 883 1242 83 117
BH 14-4 -41.2 107.9 3.6 1119 1773 106 167
BH 15-1 -19.6 129.4 80

BH 15-2 -28.5 121.9 8.2 1153 2153 1602 108 203 151 102
BH 16-1 -25.5 152.6 1713 420 6332 1674 46 41 595 158 228
BH 16-2 -35.2 101.9 7.8 286 164 27 15.4
BH 16-3 -40.3 110.9 63
BH 18-1 -30.8 122.3 11.7 1215 1156 1164 114 109 109 131
BH 18-2 -34.7 122.3 375 1156 1003 35 109 95 33
BH 18-3 -42.9 1.9 796 1363 75 128
Notes:
1. Moisture Content is for samples that were soaked for at least 24 hours in artificial saltwater.
2. For the Point Load Test results, testing was carried out on bedrock cores, as follows:
U/A Unsoaked/Axial (Vertical)
U/L Unsoaked/Lateral (Horizontal)
S/A Soaked in Artificial Seawater for at least 24 hours/Axial (Vertical)
S/L Soaked in Artificial Seawater for at least 24 hours/Lateral (Horizontal)
3. Point load test results multiplied by 9 above El. -58 feet and by 12 below El. -58 feet to estimate Unconfined Compression Strength.
4. Unconfined Compression Tests, Unsoaked Point Load Tests and Unit Weight determinations were carried out on the samples as received in the laboratory.
DRAFT
Drawings
2
LOG OF BOREHOLE 1
Project No. INTL00302101A Drawing No. 2
Project: Nassau Harbour Expansion Sheet No. 1 of 1
Location: Nassau Harbour UTM Zone 18R 0264306m east 2776159m north
Rock Quality Designation (RQD)

Auger Sample
Date Drilled: May 29, 2008 Natural Moisture
SPT (N) Value Plastic and Liquid Limit
Drill Type: CME55 (Barge Mounted) Dynamic Cone Test
U/A S/A Undrained Triaxial at
Point Load Test % Strain at Failure
U/L S/L
Datum: MLWS (ft) Unconfined Compression Penetrometer
S N Value Rock Quality Designation (RQD) S

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
W M Soil Description P 20 40 60 80 Natural Moisture Content % P Coring
L B ft T Unconfined Compressive Strength L
O tsf Atterberg Limits (% Dry Weight) (ft/min)
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
-15.9
16
SAND - grey, fine to coarse grained -16.4 82
17
calcareous sand with shell fragments,
18
loose 55
BEDROCK (Calcareous Limestone) 19
- tan, limestone and coarse sand 20
42
layers with shell fragments, extremely 21
weak 22
30
23
24
73
25
26
46
27
28
- tan, limestone and coarse to 48
29
medium sand layers, extremely weak
30
52
31
LAGWGL02 (DEVANAND) GE00302101B.GPJ NEW.GDT 8/5/08
32
26
33
34
44
35
36
- tan, limestone and coarse to medium 53
37
sand layers, extremely weak
38
29
39
40
6
41
42 118
43
-43.9
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 2

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
-21.1 21
SAND - grey, medium to coarse 3
22
grained calcareous sand with shell
23
fragments, very loose 1
24
-25.1 25
26
- tan, limestone and coarse sand
27
layers, extremely weak 40
28
29
50
30
31
22
32
33
34
35
36
16
37
38
39
40
41
- tan, limestone and coarse to 15
42
medium sand layers with shell
43
fragments, extremely weak
44
45
46
10
47
48
49
50
Continued Next Page
LOG OF BOREHOLE 2
Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
-50.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
50
51
23
52
53
54
55
56
57
layers, extremely weak
58
59
60
61
9
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
52
72
73
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy, extremely 74
close to close joint spacing, weak with RQD = 48%
3.048
75 Rec = 83%
occasional extremely weak zones
76
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy, 77
extremely close to close joint spacing,
78
weak with extremely weak zones RQD = 28%
1.278
79 Rec = 73%
80
81
extremely close to moderately close
83
joint spacing, weak with occasional RQD = 65%
1.188
extremely weak zones 84 Rec = 80%
85
86
- calcilutite, tan, vuggy zones and 87
shell inclusions, very close to
88 401
moderately close joint spacing, weak RQD = 65%
1.110
to medium strong 89 Rec = 98%
116
90
91

shell inclusions, very close to wide
93
joint spacing, strong with occasional RDQ = 79%
0.594
extremely weak zones 94 Rec = 93%
95
96 627
shell inclusions, close to wide joint RQD = 86%
98 0.852
spacing, weak Rec = 100%
99
-100.0 100
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 3

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-10.0 10
SAND - grey, fine to coarse grained 2
11
calcareous sand with shell fragments,
12
very loose 1
13
14 25
-15.5 15
- calcarenite, tan, moderately close to 17 RQD = 77%
4.200
very close joint spacing, very weak 18
Rec = 96%
21
19
21
- calcarenite, tan, moderately close to
23 14.3
20
wide joint spacing, very weak
21 RQD = 100%
3.156
22 Rec = 100%
23
24
- calcarenite, tan, moderately close
25
joint spacing, very weak
26 RQD = 89%
2.478
27 Rec = 100%
28
29
- calcarenite, tan, moderately close
30
31 RQD = 90%
1.674
32 Rec = 100%
33
34
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy, moderately 35
close to extremely close joint spacing,
36 RQD = 35%
very weak 2.676
37 Rec = 100%
38
39
- calcarenite, tan, extremely close
40
joint spacing, extremely weak RQD = 0%
41 2.202
Rec = 8%
42
-43.0 43
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 4

Auger Sample
Date Drilled: June 9, 2008 Natural Moisture
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
-41.0 41
SAND -grey, medium to coarse 3
42
43
fragments, very loose 4
44
-45.0 45
46
- tan, limestone and coarse to fine
47
sand layers with shell fragments 7
48
49
10
50
Continued Next Page
LOG OF BOREHOLE 4
Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H 10 E
-50.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
50
51
38
52
53
54
55
56 38
57
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy and shell 58 RDQ = 0%
1.266
inclusions, very close to extremly close 59 Rec = 79%
joint spacing, weak with occasional 60
extremely weak zones 61
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy and shell RQD = 28%
62 2.292
inclusions, extremely close to Rec = 62%
63
moderately close joint spacing, weak
64
and extremely weak layers
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy and shell 65
inclusions, extremely close to 66

67 1.002
Rec = 92%
with occasional extremely weak zones 68
69
- calcilutite, tan, vuggy and shell 70

inclusions, generally moderately close 71
139 150 RQD = 88%
joint spacing, weak to medium strong 72 0.852
0 273 Rec = 100%
73
74
- calcilutite, tan, vuggy and shell 75

77 1.134
with occasional extremely weak zones Rec = 90%
78
- calcarentite, tan, vuggy and shell 79
inclusions, extremely close to
80
81
with occasional extremely weak zones RQD = 0%
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy, extremely 82 1.296
Rec = 50%
close to very close joint spacing, weak 83
and extremely weak layers 84
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy 85

and shell inclusions, very close to 86
87 0.834
Rec = 96%
88
89
- calcilutite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy 90

zones and shell inclusions, moderately 91
536 741 RQD = 77%

close joint spacing, medium strong to 92 549 0.702
strong 274 516 Rec = 98%
93 376 547
94 631
289 492
- calcilutite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy, 95
very close to close joint spacing, 96
medium strong to strong with RQD = 83%
97 1.008
occasional extremely weak zones Rec = 90%
98
99
-100.0 RQD = 0%
100 1.152
Rec = 83%
END OF BOREHOLE
NOTES:
LOG OF BOREHOLE 5

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
-41.8
42 10
SAND - grey, medium to coarse -42.2
43
fragments, very loose 44 11
- tan, limestone and coarse sand 46 11
layers, extremely weak 47
48 8
49
50
Continued Next Page
LOG OF BOREHOLE 5
Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
-50.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
50 6
51
52 15
53
54
55
56
57 /11 inch
58
inclusions, extremely close to 60 RQD = 40%
1.788
moderate close joint spacing, weak Rec = 76%
61
with extremely weak zones 62
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy, extremely
63
close to moderate close joint spacing,
very weak and extremely weak layers 64 RQD = 25%
2.292
65 Rec = 47%
66
67
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy and shell
68
inclusions, extremely close to wide
joint spacing, weak with extremely 69 RQD = 64%
1.620
weak zones 70 Rec = 73%
71
72
73
inclusions, very close to wide joint
spacing, weak 74 RQD = 90%
1.356
75 Rec = 100%
76
77
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy, very close to
78
to medium strong with extremely weak 79 RQD = 56%
1.344
zones 80 Rec = 77%
81
82
83
inclusions, close to moderately close
joint spacing, weak to medium strong 84 RQD = 52%
1.050
85 Rec = 100%
86
87
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy
88
and shell inclusions, close to
moderately close joint spacing, weak 89 RQD = 96%
1.200
to medium strong 90 Rec = 100%
91
92
93
inclusions, very close to wide joint
spacing, weak to medium strong with 94 RQD = 76%
1.764
occasional extremely weak zones 95 Rec = 90%
96
97
- no recovery, extremely weak
98
RQD = 0%
99 3.528
Rec = 0%
100
-100.8
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 6

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-25.6 25
BEDROCK (Calcareous Limestone) 26 40

- tan, limestone and fine to coarse 27
sand layers with shell fragments, 28 6
extremely weak 29
30 26
31
32 13
33
34 37
35
36 22
37
38 19
39
40 9
41
42 1
-43.6 43
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 7

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-10.9
11
SAND - grey becoming tan, fine to 1
12
coarse grained calcareous sand, very
13
loose to loose 2
14
15 40.4
2
16
17
1
18
19
6
20
21
1
22
23
1
24
-24.9
25
26
27
layers with shell fragments, extremely 8
weak 28
29
11
30
31 16
32
33
4
34
35
7
36
37
16
38
39
16
40
41
19
42
43
7
44
-44.9
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 8

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-8.9
9 1
SAND - tan, fine to medium grained
10
calcareous sand, very loose to loose
11
2
12
13
2
14
15
-15.9 5
16
BEDROCK (Calcareous Limestone)
17
18
19 / 8 inch
20
- calcirudite, tan, vuggy, extremely 21
RQD = 36%
close to close joint spacing, very weak 3.750
22
21 Rec = 60%
and extremely weak layers 23
- calcilutite, tan, very close to close 0
24
25 RQD = 54%
- calcirudite, tan, vuggy, very weak Rec = 100%
1.362
26
27
28
- calcilutite, tan, extremely close to
29
close joint spacing, very weak
30 RQD = 68%
1.764
31 Rec = 100%
32
33
- calcirudite, tan, with shell inclusions,
34
extremely close to very close joint
35 RQD = 9%
spacing, very weak with extremely 1.500
weak zones 36 Rec = 73%
37
38
- calcilutite, tan, extremely close to
39 RQD = 0%
close joint spacing, extremely weak 1.638
40 Rec = 8%
with occasional very weak zones -40.9
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 9

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
-18.6 18
SAND - tan, fine to medium grained 19

calcareous sand, loose -20.6 20
/ 10 inch
- tan, limestone medium to coarse 22
16.5
sand, extremely weak 23
- calcirudite, tan, close to moderately 24
5418 RQD = 67%
1.998
close joint spacing, very weak with Rec = 83%
25
occasional extremely weak zones 26
27
inclusions, extermely close to close RQD = 52%
28 2.886
joint spacing, very weak with Rec = 95%
occasional extremely weak zones 29
30
- calcirudite, tan, extremely close to 31

close joint spacing, extremely weak 32

wtih occasional very weak zones 33 RQD = 23%
3.612
Rec = 26%
34
35
- no recovery, extremely weak 36

37
38 RQD = 0%
6.384
Rec = 0%
39
40
- tan, limestone and sand layers, 41 3

extremely weak 42

44
45 RQD = 0%
1.896
Rec = 0%
46
47
- tan, limestone and sand layers, 48 5

extremely weak -49.6 49
Continued Next Page

LOG OF BOREHOLE 9
Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
-50.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 10

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-10.5 10
SAND - grey fine to medium grained 11 2

calcareous sand, very loose 12
- tan, fine to medium grained 13 4
calcareous sand, loose 14
15 4
-16.5 16 / 10 inch
- calcarenite, tan, very close to close 18
joint spacing, weak with occasional RQD = 52%
19 1.200
extremely weak zones Rec = 83%
20
21
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, with 22

shell inclusions, very close moderately RQD = 57%
23 1.362
Rec = 88%
close joint spacing, weak to very weak 24
- calcarenite, tan, very close to close 26

joint spacing, extremely weak with very 27
weak zones RQD = 0%
28 1.674
Rec = 37%
29
30

32
RQD = 0%
33 1.302
Rec = 0%
34
35

37
RQD = 0%
38 3.948
Rec = 3%
39
40
- limestone and fine sand layers, 41 5

extremely weak 42
43 9
-44.5 44
END OF BOREHOLE
NOTES:
LOG OF BOREHOLE 11

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
-15.7
SAND - tan, fine to medium grained -15.9 16 88
calcareous sand, compact 17
/ 11 inch
- tan, limestone and medium sand 19
layers, extremely weak 20 33
- calcirudite, tan, very close to RQD = 64%
1.092
21
39 45
Rec = 71%
moderately close joint spacing, weak 22
with extremely weak zones
23
- calcirudite, tan, with shell inclusions,
24 RQD = 23%
extremely close to close joint spacing, Rec = 58%
3.258
weak and extremely weak layers 25
26
shell inclusions, extremely close to 28

close joint spacing, weak with 29 RQD = 7%
4.164
occasional extremely weak zones Rec = 80%
30
31
- calcilutite, tan, with shell inclusions, 32
extremely close joint spacing, 33

extremely weak with occasional weak 34 RQD = 0%
1.224
zones Rec = 23%
35
36 108 225

104
inclusions, extremely close to close 38
79 RQD = 18%
joint spacing, weak with extremely 39 0.912
weak zones Rec = 78%
40
41

joint spacing, weak and extremely 44 RQD = 11%
1.332
weak layers Rec = 58%
45
46
inclusions, extremely close to very 48 RQD = 0%

1.578
Rec = 36%
close joint spacing, extremely weak -49.7 49
Continued Next Page

LOG OF BOREHOLE 11
Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
-50.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
with weak zones
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 12

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
-6.0 6
SAND - tan, medium to coarse
7
grained calcareous sand, loose
-8.5 8
- tan, limestone and fine to medium 10
sand layers, extremely weak 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 / 11 inch
22
23
- calcarenite, tan, very close to 24
moderately close joint spacing, RQD = 31%
0.630
25 Rec = 31%
extremely weak with weak zones
26
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, very
27
close to moderately close joint
28 RQD = 58%
spacing, weak with extremely weak 0.942
zones 29 Rec = 69%
30
31

close to close joint spacing, weak with
33 RQD = 33%
extremely weak zones 0.732
34 Rec = 67%
35
36
- calcilutite, tan, vuggy, extremely
37
close to close joint spacing, extremely
38 RQD = 30%
weak with occasional weak zones 0.504
39 Rec = 17%
40
41
extremely close to close joint spacing,
43 RQD = 28%
extremely weak and very weak to 0.588
weak layers 44 Rec = 37%
45
-46.0 46
14.5 138
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 13

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
-6.4 6
SAND - tan, fine to medium grained 7
2
calcareous sand, very loose -7.9
8
54
- tan, limestone and medium to 10
coarse sand, extremely weak 43
11
12
13
30
14
15
32
16
17
41
18
19
20
21
52
22
23
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, 24
extremely close to close joint spacing, RQD = 31%
25 0.642
Rec = 31%
extremely weak with weak zones 26
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, close 27
to moderately close joint spacing, 28
79
weak RQD = 83%
29 1.026
Rec = 100%
30
31
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan vuggy, 32

extremely close to close joint spacing, 33
extremely weak with very weak zones RQD = 18%
34 0.654
Rec = 24%
35
36
inclusions, extremely close to close RQD = 0%
38 0.798
Rec = 56%
joint spacing, weak and extremely 39
weak layers 40 RQD = 0%
0.816
41 Rec = 17%
- calcarenite, tan, extremely close to 42
close joint spacing, medium strong to RQD = 11%
43 0.894
264371 Rec = 36%
weak and extremely weak layers 44
45 RQD = 0%
0.648
-46.4 46 Rec = 33%
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 14

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
-7.2 7
SAND -grey, medium to coarse 4
8
grained calcareous sand, very loose to 9
loose 10
10
11 50
-11.8
12
13
- calcirudite, tan, weak with weak RQD = 0%
2.220
zones 14 Rec = 0%
15
16
RQD = 71%
0.540
17 Rec = 96%
18
19
37
- calcirudite, tan, very close to 20
RQD = 77%
0.882
22 Rec = 100%
23
24
RQD = 76%
1.278
27 Rec = 100%
28
29
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy, extremely RQD = 44%
30 0.468
close to close joint spacing, weak with Rec = 78%
31
extremely weak zones

32 RQD = 17%
0.528
33 Rec = 29%
34
inclusions, extremely close to very 36
close joint spacing, extremely weak RQD = 0%
0.636
with weak zones 37 Rec = 28%
38
39
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy and shell 40 83 117
inclusions, extremely close to close RQD = 44%
0.342
41 Rec = 78%
joint spacing, weak with extremely 106 167
42
weak zones
43 RQD = 38%
0.264
-44.2 Rec = 92%
44
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 15

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-8.0 8
9
10
layers 10
11
12
- calcirudite, tan, shell inclusions, very RQD = 25%
13 2.730
close to close joint spacing, weak with Rec = 63%
14
extremely weak zones
shell inclusions, extremely close to 16 RQD = 61%

3.156
moderately close joint spacing, weak 17 Rec = 73%
with extremely weak zones 18
close joint spacing, weak with 20
extremely weak zones 21 RQD = 12%
3.798
22 Rec = 68%
23
24
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, close
25
to moderately close joint spacing,
26 RQD = 100%
weak 1.536
27 Rec = 100%
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy 28 203
zones, close joint spacing, weak
29 108 151
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, vuggy
30
and shell inclusions, very close to
31 RQD = 50%
close joint spacing, weak
2.220
32 Rec = 100%
33
34
- calcirudite to calcarenite, tan, vuggy 35
36 RQD = 31%
close joint spacing, weak 1.536
37 Rec = 100%
38
-39.0 39
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 16

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
-15.5 15
- tan, limestone and fine to coarse 17
sand layers 18 10
19
20 45
21
22 75
23 / 4 inch
24
25 46 595
inclusions, very close to moderately RQD = 51%
1.008
26 41 158 Rec = 66%
close joint spacing, weak to medium
strong with extremely weak zones 27

joint spacing, weak to very weak and RQD = 18%
30 1.554
Rec = 51%
extremely weak layers 31
32

close to moderately close joint 34
spacing, weak to very weak with RQD = 38%
35 2.502
extremely weak zones Rec = 73%
3627 15.4
37

40 1.938
Rec = 97%
41
42

RQD = 20%
inclusions, extremely close to close 44 1.806
Rec = 67%
joint spacing, weak with extremely -45.0 45
weak zones
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 17

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
-20.5 20
- tan, limestone and medium to coarse 22
sand layers with shell fragments, 23 41
extremely weak 24
25 47
26
27 55
28
29 22
30
31 71
32
33 70
34
35 44
36
37 37
38
39 40
40
41 41
42
43 15
44
81
-45.5 45
END OF BOREHOLE
LOG OF BOREHOLE 18

Auger Sample
U/L S/L

Y D A Rate of
G ELEV. E 50 100 M
L H E
0.00 200 400 10 20 30 S
0
WATER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
-22.8 / 2 inch
23
24
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan, with RQD = 57%
1.782
shell inclusions, very close to close 25 Rec = 86%
joint spacing, weak with occasional 26
extremely weak zones 27
- calcarenite, tan, with shell 28
inclusions, very close to moderately 29
RQD = 75%
1.878
close joint spacing, weak with Rec = 88%
30 109
occasional extremely weak zones
31
- calcarenite to calcilutite, tan, vuggy
114 109
32
RQD = 56%
with occasional extremely weak zones 34 109
Rec = 93%
1.404
35 95
inclusions, very close to moderately 36
close joint spacing, very weak to weak 37
- calcarenite, tan, vuggy and shell RQD = 30%
39 2.310
inclusions, extremely close to Rec = 98%
40
41
inclusions, extremely close to 43 RQD = 13%
moderately close joint spacing, weak 75 128 2.640
44 Rec = 75%
with occasional weak zones 45
-45.5
END OF BOREHOLE
Drawing No.20
Drawing No.21
Drawing No.22
Drawing No.23
Drawing No.24
DRAFT
Appendix A
Photographs of Bedrock Cores
3
BH2 Box 1
BH2 Box 2
Photos 1
BH3 Box 1
BH3 Box 2
Photos 2
BH4 Box 1
BH4 Box 2
Photos 3
BH4 Box 3
BH5 Box 1
Photos 4
BH5 Box 2
BH5 Box 3
Photos 5
BH8 Box 1
BH8 Box 2
Photos 6
BH9 Box 1
BH10 Box 1
Photos 7
BH11 Box 1
BH11 Box 2
Photos 8
BH12 Box 1
BH13 Box 1
Photos 9
BH14 Box 1
BH14 Box 2
Photos 10
BH15 Box 1
BH15 Box 2
Photos 11
BH16 Box 1
BH16 Box 2
Photos 12
BH18 Box 1
BH18 Box 2
Photos 13

PART 1 - Draft Formal Report

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Trow

Ministry of Works and Transport

Trow International Inc.

56 Queen Street East, Suite 301 INTL00302101A

5. Interpretation of Factual Information 8

6. Geology and Subsurface Conditions 10

Soil Samples were to be stored in airtight containers.

A total of 31 unconfined compression tests were performed on bedrock core, as received

5. Interpretation of Factual Information

5.1 Correlation of Point Load Test Results with the Unconfined

5.2 Impact on Strength of Soaking Bedrock Cores

5.3 Bedrock Descriptions in Borehole Logs

6. Geology and Subsurface Conditions

1. Geology of the Bahamas.

2. Subsurface Conditions in the Areas to be Dredged.

3. Subsurface Conditions near the Proposed Mooring Dolphins.

6.1 Geology of the Bahamas

The limestone of these islands is formed by accumulations of calcium carbonate in several

6.2 Subsurface Conditions in the Areas to Dredged

Thickness of Soil over Bedrock

Elevation of Bottom of Upper Extremely Weak Bedrock

6.3 Subsurface Conditions near the Proposed Mooring Dolphins

C. D. Thompson, P. Eng. S. E. Gonsalves, P. Eng.

ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTIVE TERMS BASED ON ORIGIN OF CONSTITUENT PARTICLES

Clayey CARBONATE Siliceous CARBONATE Siliceous CARBONATE

MUD SILT 1 SAND 1

Clayey CALCILUTITE Siliceous CALCILUTITE Siliceous CALCARENITE Conglomeratic CALCIRUDITE 2

TOTAL CARBONATE CONTENT %

Calcareous CLAYSTONE Calcareous SILTSTONE Calcareous SANDSTONE Calcareous CONGLOMERATE

(12.5 to 100 MN/m)

Calcareous CLAYSTONE Calcareous SILTSTONE Calcareous SANDSTONE Calcareous CONGLOMERATE

CRYSTALLINE LIMESTONE OR MARBLE

(tends towards uniformity of grain size and loss of original texture)

Conventional metamorphic nomenclature applies in this section

R0 Extremely weak Indented by thumbnail <1 < 10

Crumbles under firm blows of geological hammer; can be

Can be peeled by a pocket knife with difficulty; shallow

Cannot be scraped or peeled with a pocket knife;

Specimen requires more than one blow of geological

Specimen requires many blows of geological hammmer to

Table 3: Rock Quality Designation

RQD CLASSIFICATION RQD-VALUE (%)

Very poor quality < 25

Table 4: Joint Spacing Classification System

SPACING SPACING WIDTH SPACING WIDTH

Extremely close < 0.02 < 0.8

Close 0.06 - 0.20 2.4 - 8

Moderately close 0.2 - 0.6 8 - 24

Very wide 2.0 - 6.0 80 - 240

Extremely wide >6 > 240

BH 2-1 -74.9 127.5 8 98

BH 3-1 -19.4 14.1 219 239 225 152 21 23 21 14.3

BH 5-1 -68.1 121.4 8.2 75

BH 8-1 -20.9 111.4 30

BH 9-1 -23.1 105 575 176 192 54 16.5 18 28

BH 10-1 -21.2 132.3 137

BH 11-1 -20.8 133.3 408 343 476 39 33 45 71

BH 12-1 -29.6 122.4 11.1 63

BH 13-1 -27.1 131.4 12.1 833 79 125

BH 14-1 -18.7 124.4 394 37 72

BH 15-1 -19.6 129.4 80

Rock Quality Designation (RQD)

S N Value Rock Quality Designation (RQD) S

Rock Quality Designation (RQD)