Best Jobs For The 21st Century, Third Edition PDF

JISTs Best Jobs Series
Best Jobs for

the 21st
Century
Third Edition
Developed by Michael Farr

With database work by Laurence Shatkin, Ph.D.
Also in JISTs Best Jobs Series

300 Best Jobs Without a Four-Year Degree
200 Best Jobs for College Graduates
Americas Career Publisher

Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition
2004 by JIST Publishing, Inc.
Published by JIST Works, an imprint of JIST Publishing, Inc.

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Visit our Web site at www.jist.com for information on JIST, free job search information, book excerpts, and ordering information
on our many products. For free information on 14,000 job titles, visit www.careeroink.com.
Some Other Books by the Author

Michael Farr and LaVerne L. Ludden Michael Farr
300 Best Jobs Without a Four-Year Degree Seven Steps to Getting a Job Fast
200 Best Jobs for College Graduates The Quick Resume & Cover Letter Book
Enhanced Occupational Outlook Handbook Americas Top Resumes for Americas Top Jobs
Guide for Occupational Exploration Getting the Job You Really Want
The Very Quick Job Search
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Editors: Stephanie Koutek, Susan Pines
Cover and Interior Designer: Aleata Howard
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in articles or reviews. Making copies of any part of
this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of United States copyright laws.
We have been careful to provide accurate information in this book, but it is possible that errors and omissions have been introduced. Please
consider this in making any career plans or other important decisions. Trust your own judgment above all else and in all things.
Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of
their respective owners.
Please consider that the occupational information in this book has limitations. It should not be used in legal settings as a basis for occupational
injuries or other matters. This is because the information reflects jobs as they have been found to occur in general, but it may not coincide in
every respect with the content of jobs as performed in particular establishments or in certain localities. Readers demanding specific job
information should supplement it with local data.
ISBN 1-56370-961-9
This Is a Big Book,
But It Is Very Easy to Use
This book is designed to help you explore career options in a variety of interesting ways. The nice
thing about it is that you dont have to read it all. Instead, we designed it to allow you to browse
and find information that most interests you.
The Table of Contents will give you a good idea of whats inside and how to use the book, so we
suggest you start there. Part I of the book is made up of interesting lists that will help you explore
jobs based on pay, interests, education level, personality type, and many other criteria. Part II pro-
vides descriptions for each job included in the book. Just find a job that interests you in one of the
lists in Part I and look up its description in Part II. Simple.
How We Selected the Best Jobs for the 21st Century

Deciding on the best job is a choice that only you can make, but objective criteria can
help you identify jobs that are, for example, better paying than other jobs with similar duties.
Here is an explanation of the process we used to determine which jobs to include in this
book.
We sorted 1027 major jobs from highest to lowest in terms of earnings, growth rate through
2010, and number of annual openings. We then assigned a number to their relative position
on each list, doubling the weight for the earnings score. The job position numbers on the three
lists were then combined, and jobs with the lowest total scores were put on top, followed by
jobs with higher total scores on down the list. We included the 500 jobs with the lowest
scores in the book. The first list in Part I is called The 500 Best Jobs Overall, and it contains
the 500 jobs with the lowest scores in order of their combined score on all three measures
(earnings, growth rate, and openings).
Of the 1027 major jobs, more than 30 were for specialized postsecondary teaching jobs.
We collapsed these jobs into one title: Teachers, Postsecondary. A list of these specialized job
titles is provided in Part Is introduction.
You can find descriptions for all 500 best jobs in Part II, along with descriptions of the vari-
ous specialized postsecondary teaching jobs, for a total of 537 descriptions in all.
(continued)
iii
Table of Contents ____________________________________________________________________
(continued)
We are not suggesting that the 500 jobs with the best overall scores for earnings, growth,
and number of openings are all good ones for you to considersome will not be. But the
500 jobs that met our criteria present such a wide range of jobs that you are likely to find
one or more that will interest you. The jobs that met our best jobs criteria are also more
likely than average to have higher pay, faster projected growth, and a larger number of
openings than other jobs at similar levels of education and training.
Some Things You Can Do with This Book

Identify more-interesting or better-paying jobs that dont require additional training or education.
Develop long-term plans that may require additional training, education, or experience.
Explore and select a college major or a training or educational program that relates to a career
objective.
Find reliable earnings information to negotiate pay.
Prepare for interviews and the job search.
These are a few of the many ways you can use this book. We hope you find it as interesting
to browse as we did to put together. We have tried to make it easy to use and as interesting
as occupational information can be.
When you are done with this book, pass it along or tell someone else about it. We wish you
well in your career and in your life.
Credits and Acknowledgments: While the authors created this book, it is based on the work of many others. The occupational information is based on
data obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Census Bureau. These sources provide the most authoritative occupational information
available. The job titles and their related descriptions are from the O*NET database, which was developed by researchers and developers under the
direction of the U.S. Department of Labor. They, in turn, were assisted by thousands of employers who provided details on the nature of work in the many
thousands of job samplings used in the databases development. We used the most recent version of the O*NET database, release 4.0. We appreciate and
thank the staff of the U.S. Department of Labor for their efforts and expertise in providing such a rich source of data.
iv Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
Table of Contents
Summary of Part IThe Best
Major Sections Jobs Lists................. 11
Introduction. A short overview to help you
The many interesting lists in this book are or-
better understand and use the book. Starts ganized into the major groupings below. Simply
on Page 1. find the lists that interest you, turn to the page
Part IThe Best Jobs Lists. Very useful number indicated, and browse the lists to find
jobs that interest you. Then look up job de-
for exploring career options! Lists are arranged
scriptions in Part II. Easy!
into easy-to-use groups. The first group of
lists presents the best overall jobsjobs with
the highest earnings, projected growth, and Best Jobs Overall: Lists of Jobs
number of openings. More specialized lists with the Highest Pay, Fastest
follow, presenting the best jobs for workers Growth, and Most Openings ... 15
age 1624, workers 55 and over, part-time
The 500 Best Jobs Overall ............................. 15
workers, self-employed workers, women,
and men. Other lists present the best jobs at The 100 Best-Paying Jobs .............................. 32
various levels of education, by interest, and The 100 Fastest-Growing Jobs ....................... 35
by personality type. The column starting at The 100 Jobs with the Most Openings ........... 38
right presents all the list titles within the
groups. Starts on Page 11. Best Jobs Lists with High
Part IIThe Job Descriptions. Provides
Percentages of Workers Age
complete descriptions of the 500 jobs that 1624, Workers Age 55 and
met our criteria for high pay, fast growth, or Over, Part-Time Workers, Self-
large number of openings plus the more spe- Employed Workers, Women,
cialized jobs included in the Teachers,
Postsecondary job title. Each description con-
and Men ................................. 41
tains information on earnings, projected Best Jobs with a High
growth, job duties, skills, related job titles, Percentage of Workers
Age 1624 .................................. 42
education and training required, related
knowledge and courses, and many other de- The 100 Jobs with the Highest Percentage
of Workers Age 1624 ................................. 42
tails. Starts on Page 157.
Best Jobs Overall for Workers Age 1624 ....... 46
Best-Paying Jobs for Workers Age 1624 ........ 47
v
Fastest-Growing Jobs for Workers Best Jobs Employing a High

Age 1624 .................................................. 48 Percentage of Women ................ 74
Jobs with the Most Openings for Workers The 100 Jobs Employing the Highest
Age 1624 .................................................. 49 Percentage of Women .................................. 74
Best Jobs Overall Employing High Percentages
Best Jobs with a High of Women ................................................... 78
Percentage of Workers
Age 55 and Over ........................ 50 Best-Paying Jobs Employing High Percentages
of Women ................................................... 79
The 100 Jobs with the Highest Percentage
of Workers Age 55 and Over ....................... 50 Fastest-Growing Jobs Employing High
Percentages of Women ................................. 80
Best Jobs Overall for Workers Age 55
and Over .................................................... 54 Jobs with the Most Openings Employing
High Percentages of Women ........................ 81
Best-Paying Jobs for Workers Age 55
and Over .................................................... 55 Best Jobs Employing a High
Fastest-Growing Jobs for Workers Age 55 Percentage of Men ..................... 82
and Over .................................................... 56 The 100 Jobs Employing the Highest
Jobs with the Most Openings for Workers Percentage of Men ...................................... 82
Age 55 and Over ........................................ 57 Best Jobs Overall Employing High Percentages
of Men ....................................................... 86
Best Jobs with a High
Percentage of Part-Time Best-Paying Jobs Employing High Percentages
Workers ..................................... 58 of Men ....................................................... 87
The 100 Jobs with the Highest Percentage Fastest-Growing Jobs Employing High
of Part-Time Workers .................................. 58 Percentages of Men ..................................... 88
Best Overall Part-Time Jobs ........................... 62 Jobs with the Most Openings Employing
High Percentages of Men ............................ 89
Best-Paying Part-Time Jobs ............................ 63
Fastest-Growing Part-Time Jobs ..................... 64 Best Jobs Lists Based on
Part-Time Jobs with the Most Openings ........ 65
Levels of Education and
Best Jobs with a High Experience .............................. 90
Percentage of Self-Employed Best Jobs Requiring Short-Term On-the-Job
Workers ..................................... 66 Training ..................................................... 94
The 100 Jobs with the Highest Percentage Best Jobs Requiring Moderate-Term
of Self-Employed Workers ............................ 66 On-the-Job Training .................................... 97
Best Jobs Overall for Self-Employed Workers .. 70 Best Jobs Requiring Long-Term On-the-Job
Best-Paying Jobs for Self-Employed Workers .... 71 Training ................................................... 100
Fastest-Growing Jobs for Self-Employed Best Jobs Requiring Work Experience
Workers ...................................................... 72 in a Related Job ........................................ 102
Jobs with the Most Openings for Self- Best Jobs Requiring Postsecondary
Employed Workers ....................................... 73 Vocational Training .................................. 104
vi Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
____________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents
Best Jobs Requiring an Associates Degree ..... 106 Best Jobs for People Interested in Medical
Best Jobs Requiring a Bachelors Degree ....... 108 and Health Services .................................. 139
Best Jobs Requiring Work Experience Plus
Degree ...................................................... 111
Best Jobs Lists Based on
Best Jobs Requiring a Masters Degree ......... 112 Personality Types ................. 141
Best Jobs for People with a Realistic
Best Jobs Requiring a Doctoral Degree ......... 113
Personality Type ......................................... 142
Best Jobs Requiring a First Professional
Best Jobs for People with an Investigative
Degree ...................................................... 114
Best Jobs Lists Based on Best Jobs for People with an Artistic
Interests ............................... 115 Best Jobs for People with a Social Personality
Best Jobs for People Interested in Arts, Type .......................................................... 150
Entertainment, and Media ....................... 119
Best Jobs for People with an Enterprising
Best Jobs for People Interested in Science, Personality Type ......................................... 152
Math, and Engineering ............................. 121
Best Jobs for People with a Conventional
Best Jobs for People Interested in Plants and Personality Type ......................................... 155
Animals .................................................... 123
Best Jobs for People Interested in Law, Law
Enforcement, and Public Safety ................ 124
Part IIThe Job
Best Jobs for People Interested in Being Descriptions........... 157
Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers .......... 125
Best Jobs for People Interested in Descriptions for all the jobs in this book are in-
Construction, Mining, and Drilling .......... 126 cluded in this part in alphabetical order. The titles
Best Jobs for People Interested in are presented below, along with the page numbers
Transportation .......................................... 128 where each description begins. We suggest that
Best Jobs for People Interested in Industrial you use the lists in Part I to identify job titles that
Production ............................................... 129 interest you and then locate their descriptions in
Best Jobs for People Interested in Business Part II.
Detail ....................................................... 131 Accountants ................................................ 159
Best Jobs for People Interested in Sales and Accountants and Auditors ........................... 160
Marketing ................................................. 133
Actors ......................................................... 160
Best Jobs for People Interested in Recreation,
Adjustment Clerks ....................................... 161
Travel, and Other Personal Services .......... 134
Administrative Services
Best Jobs for People Interested in Education
Managers .................................................. 162
and Social Service .................................... 136
Adult Literacy, Remedial Education,
Best Jobs for People Interested in General
and GED Teachers and Instructors ........... 163
Management and Support ......................... 138
Advertising and Promotions Managers......... 164
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works vii
Advertising Sales Agents .............................. 165 Auditors ...................................................... 192

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Automatic Teller Machine Servicers ............. 193
Performers, and Athletes ........................... 166 Automotive Body and Related Repairers ...... 194
Agricultural Sciences Automotive Master Mechanics ..................... 195
Teachers, Postsecondary ............................. 167
Automotive Service Technicians
Agricultural Technicians .............................. 169 and Mechanics ......................................... 196
Aircraft Body and Bonded Structure Automotive Specialty Technicians ................. 197
Repairers .................................................. 170
Bakers ......................................................... 198
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors ........... 171
Bakers, Bread and Pastry ............................ 199
Aircraft Engine Specialists ........................... 171
Bakers, Manufacturing ................................ 200
Aircraft Mechanics and
Service Technicians ................................... 173 Bartenders .................................................. 201
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics ......... 173 Bill and Account Collectors .......................... 201
Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Billing and Posting Clerks and
Except Emergency Medical Technicians ...... 175 Machine Operators ................................... 202
Amusement and Recreation Attendants ........ 175 Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks ..................... 203
Anesthesiologists .......................................... 177 Billing, Posting, and Calculating
Machine Operators ................................... 204
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers,
Postsecondary ............................................ 178 Biochemists ................................................. 205
Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate ......... 179 Biochemists and Biophysicists ...................... 206
Appraisers, Real Estate ................................ 179 Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary .... 206
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators ..... 180 Biological Technicians .................................. 207
Architects, Except Landscape and Naval ...... 181 Biologists ..................................................... 208
Architectural and Civil Drafters .................. 182 Biomedical Engineers .................................. 209
Architectural Drafters ................................. 183 Biophysicists ................................................ 210
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary ............ 184 Boat Builders and Shipwrights .................... 211
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Bookkeeping, Accounting, and
Teachers, Postsecondary ............................. 184 Auditing Clerks ......................................... 212
Art Directors ............................................... 186 Brattice Builders ......................................... 213
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Brazers ....................................................... 214
Postsecondary ............................................ 187 Brickmasons and Blockmasons ..................... 215
Assessors ...................................................... 188 Budget Analysts ........................................... 216
Athletes and Sports Competitors .................. 189 Bus and Truck Mechanics and
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Diesel Engine Specialists ............................ 217
Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary ...... 190 Bus Drivers, School .................................... 218
Audiologists ................................................. 191 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity ............... 219
viii Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
Business Teachers, Postsecondary .................. 220 Clergy ......................................................... 246

Calibration and Instrumentation Clinical Psychologists ................................... 247
Technicians ............................................... 221 Clinical, Counseling, and
Camera Operators, Television, Video, and School Psychologists .................................. 249
Motion Picture ......................................... 222 Coaches and Scouts ..................................... 249
Caption Writers ........................................... 223 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine
Cardiovascular Technologists and Operators and Tenders .............................. 250
Technicians ............................................... 224 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine
Carpenter Assemblers and Repairers ............. 225 Setters and Set-Up Operators .................... 251
Carpenters .................................................. 226 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine
Cashiers ...................................................... 226 Setters, Operators, and Tenders ................. 253
Casting Machine Set-Up Operators ............. 227 Combination Machine Tool Operators and
Tenders, Metal and Plastic ........................ 253
Ceiling Tile Installers ................................... 228
Combination Machine Tool Setters and
Chefs and Head Cooks ................................ 229 Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic ......... 255
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Combined Food Preparation and Serving
Operators ................................................. 230 Workers, Including Fast Food .................... 256
Chemical Equipment Operators and Commercial and Industrial Designers .......... 257
Tenders ..................................................... 232
Commercial Divers ..................................... 258
Chemical Equipment Tenders ...................... 232
Commercial Pilots ....................................... 259
Chemical Technicians .................................. 234
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary .... 260
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary ............... 235
Compensation and Benefits Managers .......... 260
Chemists ..................................................... 236
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis
Chief Executives ......................................... 237 Specialists ................................................. 262
Child Care Workers .................................... 237 Composers ................................................... 263
Child Support, Missing Persons, and Computer and Information Scientists,
Unemployment Insurance Fraud Research ................................................... 264
Investigators ............................................. 239
Computer and Information Systems
Child, Family, and School Social Workers .... 240 Managers .................................................. 264
Chiropractors .............................................. 241 Computer Hardware Engineers ................... 265
Civil Drafters ............................................. 242 Computer Programmers .............................. 266
Civil Engineering Technicians ..................... 243 Computer Science Teachers,
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Postsecondary ............................................ 267
Investigators ............................................. 244 Computer Security Specialists ...................... 268
Claims Examiners, Property and Computer Software Engineers,
Casualty Insurance .................................... 244 Applications .............................................. 269
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment ............ 245
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works ix
Computer Software Engineers, Dental Assistants ......................................... 296

Systems Software....................................... 270 Dental Hygienists ........................................ 297
Computer Support Specialists ...................... 271 Desktop Publishers ...................................... 298
Computer Systems Analysts .......................... 273 Detectives and Criminal Investigators .......... 299
Computer, Automated Teller, and Diagnostic Medical Sonographers ................ 299
Office Machine Repairers .......................... 274
Dietetic Technicians .................................... 300
Computer-Controlled Machine
Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic ............. 274 Dietitians and Nutritionists ........................ 301
Construction Carpenters .............................. 275 Directors, Religious Activities and
Education ................................................. 302
Construction Laborers ................................ 276
DirectorsStage, Motion Pictures,
Construction Managers ............................... 277 Television, and Radio ............................... 303
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria ................. 278 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and
Cooks, Restaurant ....................................... 279 Ambulance ............................................... 304
Copy Writers ............................................... 280 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers ............... 305
Correctional Officers and Jailers .................. 281 Drywall Installers ........................................ 305
Cost Estimators ........................................... 282 Economics Teachers, Postsecondary .............. 306
Costume Attendants .................................... 283 Economists .................................................. 308
Counseling Psychologists .............................. 284 Editors ........................................................ 309
Counter and Rental Clerks .......................... 285 Education Administrators, Elementary
Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, and Secondary School ............................... 310
Food Concession, and Coffee Shop ............ 286 Education Administrators, Postsecondary .... 311
Court Clerks ............................................... 286 Education Administrators, Preschool
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks ......... 287 and Child Care Center/Program ............... 312
Creative Writers .......................................... 288 Education Teachers, Postsecondary ............... 313
Credit Analysts ............................................ 289 Educational Psychologists ............................ 314
Criminal Investigators and Educational, Vocational, and
Special Agents ........................................... 290 School Counselors ..................................... 316
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Electrical and Electronic
Teachers, Postsecondary ............................. 291 Engineering Technicians ............................ 317
Customer Service Representatives ................. 292 Electrical and Electronics Drafters ............... 317
Customer Service Representatives, Electrical Drafters ....................................... 318
Utilities .................................................... 292 Electrical Engineering Technicians ............... 319
Data Processing Equipment Repairers .......... 293 Electrical Engineers ..................................... 320
Database Administrators ............................. 294 Electricians ................................................. 321
Demonstrators and Product Electronic Drafters ...................................... 322
Promoters ................................................. 295 Electronics Engineering Technicians ............. 323
x Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
Electronics Engineers, Except Computer ...... 325 Financial Managers, Branch or

Elementary School Teachers, Except Department .............................................. 348
Special Education ..................................... 326 First-Line Supervisors and Manager/
Elevator Installers and Repairers .................. 327 SupervisorsAgricultural Crop
Workers .................................................... 349
Emergency Medical Technicians
and Paramedics ........................................ 328 First-Line Supervisors and Manager/
SupervisorsConstruction Trades
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Workers .................................................... 351
Employment Service .................................. 329
First-Line Supervisors and Manager/
Employment, Recruitment, SupervisorsExtractive Workers ............... 352
and Placement Specialists .......................... 330
First-Line Supervisors and Manager/
Engineering Managers ................................. 331 SupervisorsLandscaping Workers ........... 353
Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary ............ 332 First-Line Supervisors, Administrative
English Language and Literature Teachers, Support .................................................... 354
Postsecondary ............................................ 333 First-Line Supervisors, Customer Service ..... 355
Environmental Engineering Technicians ...... 334 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Environmental Engineers ............................ 335 Construction Trades and Extraction
Environmental Science and Protection Workers .................................................... 356
Technicians, Including Health .................. 335 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Environmental Science Teachers, Correctional Officers ................................ 356
Postsecondary ............................................ 336 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming,
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Fishing, and Forestry Workers ................... 357
Including Health ...................................... 337 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Epidemiologists ........................................... 338 Food Preparation and Serving Workers ..... 357
Executive Secretaries and Administrative First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Assistants .................................................. 339 Helpers, Laborers, and Material
Movers, Hand .......................................... 358
Exhibit Designers ........................................ 340
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers ......... 359
Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
Plastic ...................................................... 341 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Landscaping, Lawn Service, and
Family and General Practitioners ................ 342 Groundskeeping Workers ........................... 360
Farmers and Ranchers ................................. 343 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Fashion Designers ........................................ 344 Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers .......... 360
File Clerks ................................................... 345 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Film and Video Editors ............................... 346 Non-Retail Sales Workers .......................... 361
Financial Analysts ....................................... 347 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Office
and Administrative Support Workers ......... 362
Financial Managers ..................................... 348
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works xi
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and

Personal Service Workers ........................... 363 Geographers .............................................. 387
First-Line Supervisors/Managers Government Service Executives ................... 387
of Police and Detectives ............................ 364 Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
First-Line Supervisors/Managers Operators ................................................. 389
of Production and Operating Workers ....... 365 Graduate Teaching Assistants ....................... 390
First-Line Supervisors/Managers Graphic Designers ....................................... 391
of Retail Sales Workers .............................. 366
Grips and Set-Up Workers, Motion
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Picture Sets, Studios, and Stages ............... 392
Transportation and Material-Moving
Machine and Vehicle Operators ................. 367 Hairdressers, Hairstylists,
and Cosmetologists .................................... 393
Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors ..... 368
Hazardous Materials Removal Workers ........ 394
Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision ............ 369
Health Educators ........................................ 394
Flight Attendants ......................................... 370
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary ... 395
Floral Designers ........................................... 371
Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics ... 397
Food Preparation Workers ........................... 372
Heating, Air Conditioning, and
Food Science Technicians ............................ 373 Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers ...... 398
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant ....................... 374 HelpersBrickmasons, Blockmasons,
Food Service Managers ................................ 374 Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Setters ...................................................... 399
Postsecondary ............................................ 376 HelpersElectricians .................................. 400
Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention HelpersInstallation, Maintenance,
Supervisors ............................................... 377 and Repair Workers .................................. 401
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, HelpersPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters,
Postsecondary ............................................ 378 and Steamfitters ....................................... 402
Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, HelpersProduction Workers ..................... 403
Hand ....................................................... 379 Highway Patrol Pilots ................................. 404
Gaming Cage Workers ................................. 380 Historians ................................................... 405
Gaming Change Persons and Booth History Teachers, Postsecondary ................... 406
Cashiers ................................................... 381
Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary .... 407
Gaming Dealers .......................................... 381
Home Health Aides .................................... 408
Gaming Managers ....................................... 382
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge,
Gaming Supervisors .................................... 383 and Coffee Shop ....................................... 409
General and Operations Managers ............... 384 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks .......... 409
Geographers ................................................ 384 Housekeeping Supervisors ............................ 410
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary .............. 385 Human Resources Assistants, Except
Geologists .................................................... 386 Payroll and Timekeeping ............................ 411
xii Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
Human Resources Managers ........................ 412 Legal Secretaries .......................................... 437

Hydrologists ................................................ 413 Library Assistants, Clerical .......................... 438
Immigration and Customs Inspectors ........... 414 Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary ...... 439
Industrial Production Managers .................. 415 Library Technicians .................................... 440
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators ....... 416 License Clerks ............................................. 441
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists ........ 417 Licensed Practical and Licensed
Instructional Coordinators .......................... 418 Vocational Nurses ..................................... 442
Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, Loan Officers .............................................. 443
and Wall ................................................... 419 Machinists .................................................. 444
Insulation Workers, Mechanical ................... 420 Maintenance and Repair Workers,
Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and General .................................................... 445
Investigators ............................................. 421 Makeup Artists, Theatrical and
Insurance Sales Agents ................................. 422 Performance ............................................. 447
Interior Designers ....................................... 423 Management Analysts .................................. 447
Internists, General ...................................... 424 Manicurists and Pedicurists ........................ 449
Interpreters and Translators ......................... 425 Mapping Technicians ................................... 449
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Market Research Analysts ............................ 450
Loan ........................................................ 426 Marketing Managers ................................... 451
Irradiated-Fuel Handlers ............................ 427 Marking Clerks ........................................... 452
Janitorial Supervisors .................................. 428 Marriage and Family Therapists .................. 453
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Massage Therapists ...................................... 454
Housekeeping Cleaners .............................. 429 Materials Scientists ..................................... 454
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Mathematical Science Teachers,
Special Education ..................................... 430 Postsecondary ............................................ 455
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Mechanical Drafters .................................... 456
Material Movers, Hand ............................ 431
Mechanical Engineering Technicians ............ 457
Landscape Architects ................................... 431
Mechanical Engineers .................................. 458
Landscaping and Groundskeeping
Workers .................................................... 432 Medical and Clinical Laboratory
Technicians ............................................... 460
Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers ............ 433
Medical and Clinical Laboratory
Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Technologists ............................................. 461
Operators and Tenders, Except Pressing ..... 433
Medical and Health Services
Law Teachers, Postsecondary........................ 434 Managers .................................................. 462
Lawn Service Managers .............................. 435 Medical and Public Health Social
Lawyers ...................................................... 436 Workers .................................................... 463
Medical Assistants ....................................... 464
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works xiii
Medical Records and Health Information Network and Computer Systems

Technicians ............................................... 465 Administrators .......................................... 485
Medical Scientists, Except Network Systems and Data
Epidemiologists ......................................... 466 Communications Analysts .......................... 486
Medical Secretaries ..................................... 467 Nonfarm Animal Caretakers ........................ 487
Medical Transcriptionists ............................. 468 Nuclear Equipment Operation
Meeting and Convention Planners ............... 468 Technicians ............................................... 488
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Nuclear Medicine Technologists ................... 489
Social Workers .......................................... 469 Nuclear Monitoring Technicians .................. 490
Mental Health Counselors ........................... 470 Nuclear Technicians .................................... 491
Metal Fabricators, Structural Metal Numerical Control Machine Tool
Products ................................................... 471 Operators and Tenders, Metal
Metal Molding, Coremaking, and Casting and Plastic ............................................... 492
Machine Operators and Tenders ................ 472 Nursing Aides, Orderlies,
Metal Molding, Coremaking, and and Attendants ......................................... 493
Casting Machine Setters and Set-Up Nursing Instructors and
Operators ................................................. 474 Teachers, Postsecondary ............................. 494
Microbiologists ............................................ 475 Obstetricians and Gynecologists ................... 495
Middle School Teachers, Except Special Occupational Therapist Assistants ................ 496
and Vocational Education ......................... 476 Occupational Therapists .............................. 497
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Office Clerks, General ................................. 498
Except Engines .......................................... 477
Office Machine and Cash Register
Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Servicers ................................................... 499
Machine Setters, Operators, and
Tenders, Metal and Plastic ........................ 478 Operating Engineers .................................... 500
Multi-Media Artists and Animators ............. 479 Operating Engineers and Other
Construction Equipment Operators ........... 501
Multiple Machine Tool Setters,
Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Optometrists ............................................... 502
Plastic ...................................................... 480 Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales ..... 502
Municipal Clerks ......................................... 480 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators
Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention and Tenders .............................................. 503
Supervisors ............................................... 481 Packers and Packagers, Hand ...................... 504
Music Arrangers and Orchestrators ............. 482 Painters, Construction and Maintenance ..... 505
Music Directors .......................................... 483 Painters, Transportation Equipment ............ 506
Music Directors and Composers .................. 484 Paperhangers ............................................... 507
Musicians and Singers ................................ 484 Paralegals and Legal Assistants ..................... 508
Musicians, Instrumental .............................. 485 Parking Lot Attendants ............................... 509
xiv Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
Pediatricians, General ................................. 510 Preschool Teachers, Except

Personal and Home Care Aides ................... 511 Special Education ..................................... 539
Personal Financial Advisors ......................... 512 Private Detectives and Investigators ............. 540
Personnel Recruiters .................................... 513 Private Sector Executives ............................ 542
Pest Control Workers ................................... 514 Probation Officers and Correctional
Treatment Specialists ................................. 543
Pharmacists ................................................ 515
Producers ................................................... 544
Pharmacy Aides .......................................... 516
Producers and Directors .............................. 545
Pharmacy Technicians ................................. 517
Production Helpers ..................................... 545
Philosophy and Religion Teachers,
Postsecondary ............................................ 518 Production Laborers ................................... 546
Photographers ............................................. 518 Production, Planning, and
Expediting Clerks ...................................... 548
Photographers, Scientific ............................. 519
Professional Photographers .......................... 549
Physical Therapist Aides .............................. 520
Program Directors ....................................... 549
Physical Therapist Assistants ........................ 521
Property, Real Estate, and Community
Physical Therapists ...................................... 522 Association Managers ................................ 550
Physician Assistants ..................................... 523 Psychiatrists ................................................ 552
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary ................... 524 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary .............. 553
Pipe Fitters ................................................. 525 Public Relations Managers .......................... 554
Pipelaying Fitters ......................................... 526 Public Relations Specialists .......................... 554
Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale,
Operators and Tenders .............................. 527 Retail, and Farm Products ........................ 555
Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Radiation Therapists ................................... 556
Setters and Set-Up Operators .................... 528
Radiologic Technicians ................................ 557
Plumbers .................................................... 530
Radiologic Technologists ............................... 558
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters ........ 531
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians ..... 559
Poets and Lyricists ....................................... 531
Real Estate Brokers ...................................... 560
Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers .............. 532
Real Estate Sales Agents ............................... 560
Police Detectives .......................................... 533
Receptionists and Information Clerks ........... 561
Police Identification and Records
Officers .................................................... 534 Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers,
Postsecondary ............................................ 562
Police Patrol Officers ................................... 535
Recreation Workers ...................................... 563
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary ...... 536
Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians ...... 564
Political Scientists ....................................... 537
Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other ................ 538 Brickmasons ............................................. 565
Precision Dyers ........................................... 538 Refrigeration Mechanics .............................. 566
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works xv
Refuse and Recyclable Material Securities, Commodities, and Financial

Collectors .................................................. 568 Services Sales Agents ................................. 591
Registered Nurses ........................................ 568 Security and Fire Alarm Systems
Rehabilitation Counselors ............................ 570 Installers ................................................... 591
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers ........... 570 Security Guards .......................................... 592
Reservation and Transportation Segmental Pavers ......................................... 593
Ticket Agents ............................................ 571 Self-Enrichment Education Teachers ............ 593
Reservation and Transportation Ticket Semiconductor Processors ............................ 595
Agents and Travel Clerks ........................... 572 Set and Exhibit Designers ........................... 596
Residential Advisors .................................... 573 Set Designers ............................................... 596
Respiratory Therapists ................................. 574 Sheet Metal Workers .................................... 597
Respiratory Therapy Technicians .................. 575 Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs ........................ 599
Retail Salespersons ....................................... 575 Ship Carpenters and Joiners ........................ 600
Roofers ........................................................ 576 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks ....... 601
Rough Carpenters ........................................ 577 Signal and Track Switch Repairers ............... 602
Sales Agents, Financial Services ................... 578 Singers ........................................................ 603
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities .... 579 Social and Community Service Managers .... 604
Sales Engineers ............................................ 580 Social and Human Service Assistants ........... 605
Sales Managers ............................................ 581 Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary,
Sales Representatives, Agricultural ............... 582 All Other .................................................. 606
Sales Representatives, Chemical and Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary ............ 607
Pharmaceutical ......................................... 583 Sociologists .................................................. 607
Sales Representatives, Electrical/ Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary ................ 608
Electronic ................................................. 584
Solderers ..................................................... 610
Sales Representatives, Instruments ............... 585
Soldering and Brazing Machine
Sales Representatives, Mechanical Operators and Tenders .............................. 611
Equipment and Supplies ........................... 586
Soldering and Brazing Machine Setters
Sales Representatives, Medical ..................... 587 and Set-Up Operators ............................... 612
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Special Education Teachers,
Manufacturing, Except Technical Middle School .......................................... 613
and Scientific Products ............................. 588
Special Education Teachers, Preschool,
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Kindergarten, and Elementary School ....... 615
Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific
Products ................................................... 589 Special Education Teachers,
Secondary School ...................................... 616
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special
and Vocational Education ......................... 589 Speech-Language Pathologists ....................... 617
xvi Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
Spotters, Dry Cleaning ................................ 618 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution

Statement Clerks ......................................... 619 Managers .................................................. 646
Stevedores, Except Equipment Operators ..... 620 Travel Clerks ............................................... 646
Stock Clerks and Order Fillers ..................... 621 Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief
Financial Officers ..................................... 647
Stock Clerks, Sales Floor .............................. 621
Tree Trimmers and Pruners ......................... 648
Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse,
or Storage Yard ......................................... 622 Truck Drivers, Heavy .................................. 649
Stonemasons ............................................... 623 Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer .... 650
Storage and Distribution Managers ............. 624 Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services .... 650
Structural Iron and Steel Workers ............... 625 Urban and Regional Planners ..................... 651
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters ...... 626 Veterinarians .............................................. 652
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory
Disorder Counselors .................................. 627 Animal Caretakers .................................... 653
Surgeons ..................................................... 628 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians ..... 654
Surgical Technologists .................................. 629 Vocational Education Teachers,
Postsecondary ............................................ 654
Survey Researchers ...................................... 630
Vocational Education Teachers,
Surveying and Mapping Technicians ............ 630 Secondary School ...................................... 656
Surveying Technicians ................................. 631 Waiters and Waitresses ................................ 657
Talent Directors .......................................... 632 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment
Tax Preparers .............................................. 633 Plant and System Operators ...................... 658
Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs ....................... 634 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and
Teacher Assistants ........................................ 635 Samplers, Recordkeeping ........................... 659
Team Assemblers ......................................... 636 Welder-Fitters ............................................. 660
Technical Directors/Managers ...................... 637 Welders and Cutters .................................... 661
Technical Writers ......................................... 638 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers ..... 663
Telecommunications Line Installers Welders, Production .................................... 663
and Repairers ........................................... 639 Welding Machine Operators and Tenders ..... 665
Telemarketers .............................................. 640 Welding Machine Setters and Set-Up
Tile and Marble Setters ............................... 641 Operators ................................................. 666
Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers ...................... 642 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine
Setters, Operators, and Tenders ................. 667
Training and Development Managers ........... 643
Writers and Authors .................................... 668
Training and Development Specialists .......... 644
Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists ................. 668
Transportation Managers ............................. 645
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works xvii
Introduction
We kept this introduction short to encourage you to actually read it. For this reason, we dont
provide many details on the technical issues involved in creating the job lists or descriptions.
Instead, we give you short explanations to help you understand and use the information the
book provides for career exploration or planning. We think this brief and user-oriented
approach makes sense for most people who will use this book.
Who This Book Is For and What It

Covers
We created this book to help students and adults explore their career, education, training, and
life options. Employers, educators, program planners, career counselors, and others will also
find this book to be of value.
To create it, we started with more than 1,000 major jobs at all levels of training and educa-
tion. From these, we selected those with the highest earnings, projected growth rate, and
number of job openings. Part I contains lists that rank the jobs according to many criteria,
including earnings, growth, openings, education level, and interest area. Part II contains job
descriptions for all of the jobs.
We think you will find many of the job lists in Part I interestingand useful for identifying
career options to consider. The job descriptions are also packed with useful information.
Where the Information Comes From

The information we used in creating this book comes from three major government sources:
The U.S. Department of Labor: We used a variety of data sources to construct the
information we used in this book. We started with the jobs included in the U.S.
Department of Labors O*NET database. The O*NET includes information on more
than 1,000 occupations and is now the primary source of detailed information on
Introduction ________________________________________________________________________
occupations. The Labor Department updates the O*NET on a regular basis, and we used
the most recent one available.
The U.S. Census Bureau: Because we wanted to include earnings, growth, number of
openings, and other data not included in the O*NET, we used information on earnings
from the U.S. Department of Labors Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Some of this data
came from the Current Population Survey, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, and
other data came from the BLSs own Occupational Employment Statistics survey. The
information on earnings is the most reliable information we could obtain. The BLS uses a
slightly different system of job titles than the O*NET does, but we were able to link the
BLS data to most of the O*NET job titles we used to develop this book. The Current
Population Survey also provided information about the proportion of workers in each job
who are self employed or work part time.
The U.S. Department of Education: We used the Classification of Instructional Pro-
grams, a system developed by the U.S. Department of Education, to cross-reference the
education or training programs related to each job.
Data Complexities
For those of you who like details, we present some of the complexities inherent in our
sources of information and what we did to make sense of them here. You dont need to
know this to use the book, so jump to the next section of the Introduction if you are
bored with details.
Earnings, Growth, and Number of Openings

We include information on earnings, projected growth, and number of job openings for
each job throughout this book. We think this information is important to most people,
but getting it for each job is not a simple task.
Earnings
The employment security agency of each state gathers information on earnings for
various jobs and forwards this to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This information
is organized in standardized ways by a BLS program called the Occupational
Employment Statistics, or OES. To keep the earnings for the various jobs and regions
comparable, the OES screens out certain types of earnings and includes others, so the
OES earnings we use in this book represent straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay. More specifically, the OES earnings include the jobs base rate; cost-of-
living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including
commissions and production bonuses; on-call pay; and tips. They do not include back
pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production
2 Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works
________________________________________________________________________ Introduction
bonuses, or tuition reimbursements. Also, self-employed workers are not included in the
earnings estimates, and they can be a significant segment in certain occupations.
The OES earnings data uses a system of job titles called the Standard Occupational
Classification system, or SOC. Most of these jobs can be cross-referenced to the
O*NET job titles we use in this book, so we can attach earnings information to most
job titles and descriptions. But a small number of the O*NET jobs simply do not have
earnings data available for them from the sources we used and were not included.
Projected Growth and Number of Job Openings

This information comes from the Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment
Projections, a program within the Bureau of Labor Statistics that develops information
about projected trends in the nations labor market for the next ten years. The most
recent projections available cover the ten-year period through 2010. The projections are
based on information about people moving into and out of occupations. The BLS uses
data from various sources in projecting the growth and number of openings for each job
titlesome data comes from the Census Bureaus Current Population Survey, and some
comes from an OES survey. The projections assume that there will be no major war,
depression, or other economic upheaval. Like the earnings figures, the figures on
projected growth and job openings are reported according to the SOC classification. As
with earnings, the relatively few jobs that could not be crosswalked to include projected
growth or number of openings were not included in this book.
Information in the Job Descriptions

We used a variety of government and other sources to compile the job descriptions we
provide in Part II. Details on these various sources are mentioned later in this Introduction
in Part II: The Job Descriptions.
How the 500 Best Jobs Were Selected

The This Is a Big Book section at the beginning of this book gives a brief description of
how we selected the jobs we include in this book. Here are a few more details:
1. We began by creating our own database of information from the O*NET, Census
Bureau, and other sources to include the information we wanted. This database covered
1,027 job titles at all levels of education and training.
2. We created three lists that ranked all 1,027 jobs based on three major criteria: median
annual earnings, projected growth through 2010, and number of job openings projected
per year. Each of these lists was then sorted from highest to lowest and assigned a score
based on its position on each list, from 1 to 1027.
Best Jobs for the 21st Century, Third Edition JIST Works 3
Introduction ________________________________________________________________________
3. We then created a new list that doubled the weight of the earnings score and added the
number scores for all three lists. The higher a job landed on each list, the lower its score
was, so we sorted the total scores from lowest to highest total score. We then assigned a
position number from 1 to 1027 to each job. Job titles with lower total scores were listed
first. For example, the job of Computer Software Engineers, Applications has the lowest
total combined score, so Computer Software Engineers, Applications is listed first in our
500 Best Jobs Overall list, even though this job is not the highest-paying job (which is
Anesthesiologists) or the job with the most openings (which is Cashiers). Coincidentally,
Computer Software Engineers, Applications does happen to be the fastest-growing job in
the list. Only those 500 jobs with the lowest or best total scores were selected to be
included in this book.
Why This Book Has More Than 500 Jobs

We didnt think you would mind that this book actually provides information on more
than 500 jobs. Among the jobs it includes are 38 specialized postsecondary education
jobs that we combined into one job called Teachers, Postsecondary. We use this one job
title throughout the lists but provide descriptions for all 38 of these specialized
postsecondary jobs in Part II. This means that we used 500 job titles to construct the
lists, but we have a total of 537 job descriptions in Part II. You can find a list of the 38
specialized postsecondary teaching jobs in the Some Details on the Lists section at the
beginning of Part I.
The Data in This Book Can Be Misleading

We use the most reliable data we can obtain for the earnings, projected growth, number
of openings, and other information to create this book, but keep in mind that this
information may or may not be accurate for your situation. This is because the
information is true on the average. But just as there is no precisely average person, there
is no such thing as a statistically average example of a particular job. We say this because
data, while helpful, can also be misleading.
Take, for example, the yearly earnings information in this book. This is highly reliable
data obtained from a very large U.S. working population sample by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. It tells us the median annual pay received by people in various job titles. This
sounds very useful until you consider that half of all people in that occupation earned
less than that amount, and half earn more. (We often use average instead of median
elsewhere in this book for ease of explanation).
For example, people just entering the occupation or people with a few years of work
experience will often earn much less than the average. People who live in rural areas or
who work for smaller employers typically earn less than those who do similar work in
cities, where the cost of living is higher, or for larger employers.
________________________________________________________________________ Introduction
So, in reviewing the information in this book, please understand the limitations of the
data it presents. You need to use common sense in career decision-making as in most
other things in life. Even so, we hope that you find the information helpful and
interesting.
Part I: The Best Jobs Lists

There are 65 separate lists in Part I of this booklook in the Table of Contents for a
complete list of them. The lists are not difficult to understand because they have clear
titles and are organized into groupings of related lists.
Depending on your situation, some of the jobs lists in Part I will interest you more than
others. For example, if you are young, you may be interested to learn the highest-paying jobs
that employ high percentages of workers age 1624. Other lists show jobs within interest
groupings, by personality type, by level of education, and in other ways that you might find
helpful in exploring your career options.
Whatever your situation, we suggest that you use the lists that make sense for you to help
explore career options. Following are the names of each group of lists along with short
comments on each group. You will find additional information in a brief introduction
provided at the beginning of each group of lists in Part I.
Here is an overview of each major group of lists you will find in Part I.
Best Jobs Overall: Lists of Jobs with the Highest

Pay, Fastest Growth, and Most Openings
Four lists are in this group, and they are the ones that most people want to see first. The first
list presents all 500 job titles in order of their combined scores for earnings, growth, and
number of job openings (with the earnings rankings given twice the weight). Three more lists
in this group present the 100 jobs with the highest earnings, the 100 jobs projected to grow
most rapidly, and the 100 jobs with the most openings.
Best Jobs Lists with High Percentages of

Workers Age 1624, Workers Age 55 and Over,
Part-Time Workers, Self-Employed Workers,
Women, and Men
This group of lists presents interesting information for a variety of types of people based on
data from the U.S. Census Bureau. The lists are arranged into groups for workers age 1624,
workers age 55 and older, part-time workers, self-employed workers, women, and men. We
created five lists for each group, basing the last four on the information in the first list:
Introduction ________________________________________________________________________
The 100 jobs having the highest percentage of people of each type
The 25 jobs with the best combined scores for earnings, growth, and number of openings
(with earnings information given double the weight)
The 25 jobs with the highest earnings
The 25 jobs with the highest growth rates
The 25 jobs with the largest number of openings
Best Jobs Lists Based on Levels of Education and

Experience
We created separate lists for each level of education and training as defined by the U.S.
Department of Labor. We put each of the 500 job titles into one of the lists based on the
education and training required for entry. Jobs within these lists are presented in order of their
total combined scores for earnings, growth, and number of openings. The lists include jobs in
these groupings:
Short-term on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Long-term on-the-job training
Work experience in a related job
Postsecondary vocational training
Associates degree
Bachelors degree
Work experience plus degree
Masters degree
Doctoral degree
First professional degree
Best Jobs Lists Based on Interests

These lists organize the 500 jobs into groups based on interests. Within each list, jobs are
presented in order of their total scores for earnings, growth, and number of openings. Here
are the 14 interest areas used in these lists: Arts, Entertainment, and Media; Science, Math,
and Engineering; Plants and Animals; Law, Law Enforcement, and Public Safety; Mechanics,
Installers, and Repairers; Construction, Mining, and Drilling; Transportation; Industrial
Production; Business Detail; Sales and Marketing; Recreation, Travel, and Other Personal
Services; Education and Social Service; General Management and Support; and Medical and
Health Services.
________________________________________________________________________ Introduction
Best Jobs Lists Based on Personality Types

These lists organize the 500 jobs into six personality types described in the introduction to
the lists: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The jobs
within each list are presented in order of their total scores for earnings, growth, and number
of openings.
Part II: The Job Descriptions

This part of the book provides a brief but information-packed description for each of the
537 jobs that met our criteria for this book. The descriptions in Part II are presented in
alphabetical order. This makes it easy to look up any job you identify in a list from Part I
that you want to learn more about.
We used the most current information from a variety of government sources to create the
descriptions. We designed the descriptions to be easy to understand, and the sample that
followswith an explanation of each of its component partswill help you better under-
stand and use the descriptions.
Job Title: This is the job title for the job as defined by the U.S. Department of Labor and
used in its O*NET database.
Data Elements: The information on education, earnings, growth, annual openings,
percentage of self-employed workers, and percentage of part-time workers comes from
various government databases, as we explain earlier in this Introduction.
Summary Description and Tasks: The first part of each job description provides a
summary of the occupation in bold type. It is followed by a listing of tasks that are
generally performed by people who work in the job. This information comes from the
O*NET database.
Skills: The O*NET database provides data on 46 skills, and we used this source to
provide helpful information on the most important skills needed for each job. To make
the descriptions useful, we list only skills with a higher-than-average rating for each job.
If a job has more than five such skills, we include only those five with the highest ratings
and present them from highest to lowest score. We include up to seven skills if scores
were tied for fifth place. Finally, at least one skill is listed for each job, even if the rating
for that skill is lower than the average for all jobs. Each listed skill is followed by a brief
description of that skill.
GOE Information: We included information that cross-references the Guide for Occupa-
tional Exploration (or the GOE), a system developed by the U.S. Department of Labor
that organizes jobs based on interests. This is very helpful information for exploring job
options based on your interests. Our descriptions include the major GOE Interest Area
number and name and GOE Work Group and name, as well as a list of other job titles
within that Work Group. This information will help you identify other job titles that
Introduction ________________________________________________________________________

Data Elements
Job
Title

Information
Summary Description

GOE

Personality
Type

Tasks
Education/
Programs
Training

Skills

Information
GOE
Related
Knowledge/
Courses
________________________________________________________________________ Introduction
relate to similar interests or require similar skills. We used the newest GOE Interest Areas
and Work Groups as presented in the Guide for Occupational Exploration, Third Edition
(JIST Publishing). You can find more information on the GOE and its Interest Areas in
the introduction to the lists of jobs based on interests in Part I.
Personality Type: The O*NET database assigns each job to its most closely related
personality type. Our job descriptions include the name of the related personality type
as well as a brief definition of this personality type. You can find more information on
the personality types in the introduction to the lists of jobs based on personality types
in Part I.
Education/Training Programs: This part of the job description provides the name of the
educational or training program or programs for the job. It will help you identify sources
of formal or informal training for a job that interests you. To get this information, we
used a crosswalk created by the National Crosswalk Service Center to connect informa-
tion in the Classification of Instruction Programs (CIP) to the O*NET job titles we use
in this book. We made various changes to connect the O*NET job titles to the education
or training programs related to them and also modified the names of some education and
training programs so they would be more easily understood.
Related Knowledge/Courses: This entry in the job description will help you understand
the most important knowledge areas that are required for the job and the types of courses
or programs you will likely need to take to prepare for it. We used information in the
Department of Labors O*NET database for this entry. We went through a process
similar to the one described for the skills (noted earlier) to end up with entries that are
most important for each job.
Getting all the information we used in the job descriptions was not a simple process, and it is
not always perfect. Even so, we used the best and most recent sources of data we could find,
and we think that our efforts will be helpful to many people.
Sources of Additional Information

Hundreds of sources of career information exist, so here are a few we consider most helpful in
getting additional information on the jobs listed in this book.
Print References
O*NET Dictionary of Occupational Titles: Revised on a regular basis, this book provides
good descriptions for all jobs listed in the U.S. Department of Labors O*NET database.
There are about 1,000 job descriptions at all levels of education and training, plus lists of
related job titles in other major career information sources, educational programs, and
other information. Published by JIST.
Guide for Occupational Exploration, Third Edition: The new edition of the GOE is
cross-referenced in the descriptions in Part II. The GOE provides helpful information to
consider on each of the Interest Areas and Work Groups, descriptions of all O*NET jobs
Introduction ________________________________________________________________________
within each GOE group, and many other features useful for exploring career options.
This most recent edition is published by JIST.
Enhanced Occupational Outlook Handbook: Updated regularly, this book provides
thorough descriptions for all major jobs in the current Occupational Outlook Handbook,
brief descriptions for the O*NET jobs that are related to each, brief descriptions of
thousands of more-specialized jobs from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, and other
information. Published by JIST.
Internet Resources
The U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site: The Department of
Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site (http://www.bls.gov) provides a lot of career
information, including links to other Web pages that provide information on the jobs
covered in this book. This Web site is a bit formal and, well, confusing, but it will take
you to the major sources of government career information if you explore its options.
O*NET site: Go to http://www.onetcenter.org for a variety of information on the
O*NET database, including links to sites that provide detailed information on the O*NET
job titles presented in Part II of this book.
CareerOINK.com: This site (http://www.careeroink.com) is operated by JIST and
includes free information on thousands of jobs (including all O*NET jobs included in
Best Jobs for the 21st Century), easy-to-use crosswalks between major career information
systems, links from military to civilian jobs, sample resumes, and many other features.
A link at http://www.jist.com will also take you to the CareerOINK Web site.
Thanks
Thanks for reading this introduction. You are surely a more thorough person than those
who jumped into the book without reading it, and you will probably get more out of the
book as a result.
We wish you a satisfying career and, more importantly, a good life.
Part I
The Best Jobs Lists
Tips on Using These Lists
Weve tried to make the Best Jobs lists in this section both fun to use and informative. You
can use the Table of Contents at the front of the book to find a complete listing of all the list
titles in this section. You can then review the lists that most interest you or simply browse
the lists in this section. Most, such as the list of highest-paying jobs, are easy to
understand and require little explanation. We provide comments on each group of related
lists to inform you of the selection criteria or other details we think you may want to know.
As you review the lists, mark job titles that appeal to you (or, if someone else will be using
this book, write them on a separate sheet of paper) so that you can look up their descriptions
later in Part II.
Understand the Limitations

of the Information
Many of the lists emphasize jobs with high pay, high growth, or large numbers of openings.
Most people consider these factors important in selecting a desirable job, and they are also
easily quantifiable. While these measures are important, we think you should also think
about other factors in considering your career options. For example, location, liking the
people you work with, having an opportunity to serve others, and enjoying your work are
just a few of the many factors that may define the ideal job for you. These measures are
difficult or impossible to objectively quantify and are not, therefore, presented in this book.
For this reason, we suggest that you consider the importance of these issues yourself and that
you thoroughly research any job before making a firm decision.
(continued)
11
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
For example, of the 500 jobs in our Best Jobs Overall list, the last job is First-Line Supervisors
and Manager/SupervisorsAgricultural Crop Workers. It has annual earnings of $33,330, a
13.0 percent growth rate, and 8,000 job openings per year. Is this a bad job, one you should
avoid? No, of course not. It all depends on what you like or want to do. Another example is the
job that had the very best overall score for earnings, growth, and number of openings, Com-
puter Software Engineers, Applications. Is this job a great job to consider? Many people (the
authors included) would not want to work in this job or may not have the skills or interest
needed to do it well. It would be a great job for someone who was good at it and who would
enjoy doing it, but it would simply not be right for someone else. On the other hand, the
perfect job for some people would be First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervisors
Agricultural Crop Workers because they enjoy it and are good at it.
So, as you look at the lists that follow, keep in mind that earnings, growth, and number of
openings are just some things to consider. Also consider that half of all people in a given job
earn more than the earnings you will see in this bookand half earn less. If a job really
appeals to you, you should consider it even if it is not among the highest paying. And you
should also consider jobs not among the fastest growing and jobs with few openings for simi-
lar reasons, because openings are always available, even for jobs with slow or negative growth
projections or with small numbers of openings.
Some Details on the Lists

The sources of the information we used in constructing these lists are presented in this books
Introduction. Here are some additional details on how we created the lists:
We collapsed a number of specialized postsecondary education jobs into one title. The
government database we used for the job titles and descriptions included 38 job titles for
postsecondary educators, yet the data source we used for growth and number of openings
provided data only for the more general job of Teachers, Postsecondary. To make our lists
more useful, we included only one listingTeachers, Postsecondaryrather than separate
listings for each specialized postsecondary education job. We did, however, include
descriptions for all the specific postsecondary teaching jobs in Part II. Should you wonder,
here are the more specialized titles: Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Anthro-
pology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary;
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Drama, and Music
Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
___________________________________________________________________ The Best Jobs Lists
Postsecondary; Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Post-

secondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Communications Teachers, Postsecondary;
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement
Teachers, Postsecondary; Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
Postsecondary; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature
Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Foreign
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Science
Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assis-
tants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Science
Teachers, Postsecondary; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Nursing Instruc-
tors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary;
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
Teachers, All Other; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; Recreation and Fitness Studies
Teachers, Postsecondary; Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary, All Other; Social
Work Teachers, Postsecondary; Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary; and Vocational
Education Teachers, Postsecondary.
We excluded some jobs from some lists due to a lack of available data. There were 9 jobs
that did not have data available for us to use in the Best Jobs with High Percentages of
Workers Age 1624, Workers Age 55 and Over, Part-Time Workers, Self-Employed
Workers, Women, and Men section. The reason was that the government information
source we used did not collect this data for these jobs. As a result, we had to exclude
these jobs from those lists, even though some would likely be included in those lists if
we could get accurate data for them. The excluded jobs are Aircraft Cargo Handling
Supervisors; Bakers; Computer Support Specialists; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Correctional Officers; Gaming Cage Workers; Network Systems and Data Communica-
tions Analysts; Survey Researchers; Tax Preparers; and Truck Drivers, Heavy and
Tractor-Trailer.
Many jobs have tied scores. Some jobs have the same scores for one or more data
elements. For example, in the category of jobs with the highest percentage of workers
age 16 to 24, there are ten jobs in which 16.6 percent of the workers are between the
ages of 16 and 24. Yet, because these jobs were at the lower end of the list, only nine of
them could be listed among the 100 with the highest percentage of workers age 16 to
24. In other cases, jobs with the same numbers are listed one after another, making it
appear that those listed first have a better rating when that is not the case. There was no
way to avoid these issues, so simply understand that the difference of several positions
on a list may not mean as much as it seems.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Some jobs have similar titles. We merged two databases of information, and some titles
are similar. For example, the job title Accountants and Auditors cross-references to
two separate job titles in another database, Accountants and Auditors. These entries
are not errors; they just reflect the imperfect cross-referencing we had to use to attach
data from one source to the job description information in another.
Best Jobs Overall: Lists of Jobs with the

Highest Pay, Fastest Growth, and Most
Openings
The four lists that follow are this books premier lists. They are the lists that are most often
mentioned in the media and the ones that most readers want to see.
To create these lists, we ranked 1,027 major jobs according to a combination of their earnings
(given twice the weight), growth, and openings. We then selected the 500 jobs with the best
total scores for use in this book. (The process for ranking the jobs is explained in more detail
in the Introduction.)
The first list presents all 500 best jobs according to these combined rankings for pay, growth,
and number of openings. Three additional lists present the 100 jobs with the top scores in
each of three measures: annual earnings, projected percentage growth through 2010, and
number of annual openings. Descriptions for all the jobs in these lists are included in Part II.
The 500 Best Jobs OverallJobs with the

Best Combination of Pay, Growth, and
Openings
This list arranges all 500 jobs that were selected for this book in order of their overall scores
for pay, growth, and number of openings. To obtain this list, we sorted 1,027 jobs into three
lists based on pay, growth, and number of openings. We sorted each of these lists from highest
to lowest and then assigned a number to each entry. For example, the job with the highest pay
was given a score of 1, the one with the next highest pay was given a score of 2, and so on.
This scoring process was continued for each job on each of the three lists. Since earnings are
important to most people, we doubled the weight of the earnings ranking in computing the
total scores. We then combined the three scores for each job and sorted the new list based on
the total score for all three measures.
The job with the best overall score was Computer Software Engineers, Applications. Other
jobs follow in order of their total scores for pay, growth, and openings. These 500 jobs are the
ones we use throughout this book: in the other lists in Part I and in the descriptions found in
Part II.
As you look over the list, remember that jobs near the top of the list are not necessarily good
jobsnor are jobs towards the end of the list necessarily bad ones for you to consider. Their
position in the list is simply a result of their total scores based on pay, growth, and number of
openings. This means, for example, that some jobs with low pay, modest growth, but a high
number of openings appear higher on the list, while some jobs with higher pay, modest
growth, but a low number of openings appear towards the end of the list. The right job for
you could be anywhere on this list.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
The 500 Best Jobs Overall

Annual Percent Annual
Job Earnings Growth Openings
1. Computer Software Engineers, Applications $70,210 100.0% 28,000

2. Computer Systems Analysts $61,990 59.7% 34,000
3. Computer and Information Systems Managers $82,480 47.9% 28,000
4. Teachers, Postsecondary $52,115 23.5% 184,000
5. Management Analysts $57,970 28.9% 50,000
6. Registered Nurses $46,670 25.6% 140,000
7. Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software $73,280 89.7% 23,000
8. Medical and Health Services Managers $59,220 32.3% 27,000
9. Sales Agents, Financial Services $59,690 22.3% 55,000
10. Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities $59,690 22.3% 55,000
11. Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services
Sales Agents $59,690 22.3% 55,000
12. Computer Support Specialists $38,560 97.0% 40,000
13. Sales Managers $71,620 32.8% 21,000
14. Computer Security Specialists $53,770 81.9% 18,000
15. Network and Computer Systems Administrators $53,770 81.9% 18,000
16. Financial Managers $70,210 18.5% 53,000
17. Financial Managers, Branch or Department $70,210 18.5% 53,000
18. Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers $70,210 18.5% 53,000
19. Accountants $45,380 18.5% 100,000
20. Accountants and Auditors $45,380 18.5% 100,000
21. Auditors $45,380 18.5% 100,000
22. General and Operations Managers $65,010 15.2% 235,000
23. Adjustment Clerks $25,430 32.4% 359,000
24. Customer Service Representatives $25,430 32.4% 359,000
25. Customer Service Representatives, Utilities $25,430 32.4% 359,000
26. Pharmacists $74,890 24.3% 20,000
27. Chief Executives $120,450 17.2% 48,000
28. Government Service Executives $120,450 17.2% 48,000
29. Private Sector Executives $120,450 17.2% 48,000
30. Financial Analysts $55,120 25.5% 20,000
31. Lawyers $88,760 18.0% 35,000
32. Administrative Services Managers $49,810 20.4% 31,000
33. Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers $32,580 19.8% 240,000
34. Truck Drivers, Heavy $32,580 19.8% 240,000

35. Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer $32,580 19.8% 240,000

36. Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and
Vocational Education $43,280 18.6% 60,000
37. Personal Financial Advisors $57,710 34.0% 13,000
38. Public Relations Specialists $41,010 36.1% 19,000
39. Anesthesiologists greater than $145,600 17.9% 27,000
40. Internists, General greater than $145,600 17.9% 27,000
41. Obstetricians and Gynecologists greater than $145,600 17.9% 27,000
42. Surgeons greater than $145,600 17.9% 27,000
43. Psychiatrists $126,460 17.9% 27,000
44. Pediatricians, General $126,430 17.9% 27,000
45. Graphic Designers $36,020 26.7% 28,000
46. Family and General Practitioners $118,390 17.9% 27,000
47. Correctional Officers and Jailers $32,010 32.4% 30,000
48. Educational, Vocational, and School Counselors $43,470 25.3% 22,000
49. Child, Family, and School Social Workers $32,950 26.9% 35,000
50. Paralegals and Legal Assistants $36,670 33.2% 23,000
51. Marketing Managers $74,370 29.1% 12,000
52. Caption Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
53. Copy Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
54. Creative Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
55. Poets and Lyricists $42,450 28.4% 18,000
56. Writers and Authors $42,450 28.4% 18,000
57. Advertising Sales Agents $36,560 26.3% 25,000
58. Security Guards $18,600 35.4% 242,000
59. Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten,
and Elementary School $42,110 36.8% 15,000
60. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts $57,470 77.5% 9,000
61. Musicians and Singers $40,320 20.1% 33,000
62. Musicians, Instrumental $40,320 20.1% 33,000
63. Singers $40,320 20.1% 33,000
64. Computer Programmers $60,120 16.2% 36,000
65. Home Health Aides $17,590 47.3% 120,000
66. Social and Human Service Assistants $23,070 54.2% 45,000
67. Electricians $40,770 17.3% 66,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

68. Legal Secretaries $34,610 20.3% 36,000

69. Bill and Account Collectors $25,960 25.3% 71,000
70. Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers,
Including Fast Food $14,120 30.5% 737,000
71. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers $19,120 29.0% 193,000
72. Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses $30,670 20.3% 58,000
73. Highway Patrol Pilots $40,970 23.2% 21,000
74. Police and Sheriffs Patrol Officers $40,970 23.2% 21,000
75. Police Patrol Officers $40,970 23.2% 21,000
76. Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs $40,970 23.2% 21,000
77. Instructional Coordinators $46,600 25.0% 15,000
78. First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervisors
Construction Trades Workers $46,570 16.5% 43,000
Extractive Workers $46,570 16.5% 43,000
80. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Construction
Trades and Extraction Workers $46,570 16.5% 43,000
81. Market Research Analysts $53,450 24.4% 13,000
82. Nuclear Equipment Operation Technicians $59,690 20.7% 15,000
83. Nuclear Monitoring Technicians $59,690 20.7% 15,000
84. Personal and Home Care Aides $16,140 62.5% 84,000
85. Property, Real Estate, and Community Association
Managers $36,290 22.7% 24,000
86. Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan $21,880 33.4% 53,000
87. Receptionists and Information Clerks $20,650 23.7% 269,000
88. Database Administrators $54,850 65.9% 8,000
89. Construction Managers $61,050 16.3% 26,000
90. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists $66,010 18.1% 18,000
91. Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants $19,290 23.5% 268,000
92. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Mechanics,
Installers, and Repairers $46,320 16.0% 38,000
93. Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks $16,920 33.4% 73,000
94. Teacher Assistants $18,070 23.9% 256,000
95. Automotive Master Mechanics $29,510 18.0% 104,000
96. Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics $29,510 18.0% 104,000
97. Automotive Specialty Technicians $29,510 18.0% 104,000

98. Cost Estimators $46,960 16.5% 28,000

99. Storage and Distribution Managers $57,240 20.2% 13,000
100. Transportation Managers $57,240 20.2% 13,000
101. Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers $57,240 20.2% 13,000
102. Education Administrators, Elementary and
Secondary School $69,240 13.4% 35,000
103. Public Relations Managers $57,200 36.3% 7,000
104. Painters, Construction and Maintenance $28,420 19.1% 67,000
105. DirectorsStage, Motion Pictures, Television,
and Radio $45,090 27.1% 11,000
106. Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics $34,020 22.3% 21,000
107. Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration
Mechanics and Installers $34,020 22.3% 21,000
108. Producers $45,090 27.1% 11,000
109. Producers and Directors $45,090 27.1% 11,000
110. Program Directors $45,090 27.1% 11,000
111. Refrigeration Mechanics $34,020 22.3% 21,000
112. Talent Directors $45,090 27.1% 11,000
113. Technical Directors/Managers $45,090 27.1% 11,000
114. Education Administrators, Postsecondary $61,700 13.4% 35,000
115. Medical and Public Health Social Workers $36,410 31.6% 13,000
116. Training and Development Specialists $41,780 19.4% 20,000
117. Brazers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
118. Clinical Psychologists $50,420 18.1% 18,000
119. Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists $50,420 18.1% 18,000
120. Counseling Psychologists $50,420 18.1% 18,000
121. Educational Psychologists $50,420 18.1% 18,000
122. Solderers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
123. Welder-Fitters $28,490 19.3% 51,000
124. Welders and Cutters $28,490 19.3% 51,000
125. Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
126. Welders, Production $28,490 19.3% 51,000
127. Amusement and Recreation Attendants $14,600 32.4% 62,000
128. Advertising and Promotions Managers $55,940 34.3% 7,000
129. Roofers $29,460 19.4% 38,000
130. Social and Community Service Managers $41,260 24.8% 13,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

131. Elementary School Teachers, Except Special

Education $41,080 13.2% 144,000
132. Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment
Specialists $38,780 23.8% 14,000
133. Physician Assistants $63,970 53.5% 5,000
134. Telemarketers $19,210 22.2% 145,000
135. Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services $23,330 19.2% 153,000
136. Cooks, Restaurant $18,480 21.7% 158,000
137. Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks $32,420 17.9% 36,000
138. Physical Therapists $56,570 33.3% 6,000
139. Editors $39,960 22.6% 14,000
140. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Transportation
and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators $41,140 19.9% 17,000
141. Physical Therapist Assistants $35,280 44.8% 9,000
142. Food Service Managers $33,630 15.0% 55,000
143. Dental Hygienists $54,700 37.1% 5,000
144. Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors $23,340 40.3% 19,000
145. Dental Assistants $26,720 37.2% 16,000
146. Medical Assistants $23,610 57.0% 18,700
147. Pharmacy Technicians $21,630 36.4% 22,000
148. Segmental Pavers $26,170 26.7% 21,000
149. Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators $42,440 15.1% 25,000
150. Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty Insurance $42,440 15.1% 25,000
151. Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators $42,440 15.1% 25,000
152. Radiologic Technicians $37,680 23.1% 13,000
153. Radiologic Technologists $37,680 23.1% 13,000
154. Radiologic Technologists and Technicians $37,680 23.1% 13,000
155. Self-Enrichment Education Teachers $28,880 18.5% 34,000
156. Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll
and Timekeeping $29,470 19.3% 25,000
157. Packers and Packagers, Hand $16,280 19.3% 242,000
158. Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers $39,200 27.6% 9,000
159. Construction Laborers $24,070 17.0% 236,000
160. Demonstrators and Product Promoters $20,690 24.9% 34,000
161. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists $42,240 17.0% 19,000

162. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers $32,080 39.1% 10,000
163. Counter and Rental Clerks $16,750 19.4% 150,000
164. Gaming Dealers $13,680 32.4% 28,000
165. Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs $17,920 24.4% 37,000
166. Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics $23,170 31.3% 19,000
167. Waiters and Waitresses $13,720 18.3% 596,000
168. Medical Secretaries $24,670 19.0% 40,000
169. Commercial and Industrial Designers $49,820 23.8% 7,000
170. Employment Interviewers, Private or Public
Employment Service $38,010 17.6% 19,000
171. Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists $38,010 17.6% 19,000
172. Personnel Recruiters $38,010 17.6% 19,000
173. Sheet Metal Workers $33,210 23.0% 13,000
174. Medical Transcriptionists $26,460 29.8% 15,000
175. Technical Writers $49,360 29.6% 5,000
176. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming,
Fishing, and Forestry Workers $33,330 13.0% 89,000
177. Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education $18,640 20.0% 55,000
178. Special Education Teachers, Secondary School $42,780 24.6% 8,000
179. Occupational Therapists $51,370 33.9% 4,000
180. Medical Records and Health Information Technicians $23,530 49.0% 14,000
181. Office Clerks, General $21,780 15.9% 676,000
182. Speech-Language Pathologists $48,520 39.2% 4,000
183. Hazardous Materials Removal Workers $31,800 32.8% 9,000
184. Irradiated-Fuel Handlers $31,800 32.8% 9,000
185. Architectural and Civil Drafters $37,010 20.8% 12,000
186. Architectural Drafters $37,010 20.8% 12,000
187. Civil Drafters $37,010 20.8% 12,000
188. Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants $32,380 11.5% 185,000
189. Art Directors $59,800 21.1% 6,000
190. Library Technicians $23,790 19.5% 29,000
191. Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment $16,490 18.8% 86,000
192. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers, Laborers,
and Material Movers, Hand $36,090 18.9% 14,000
193. Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision $28,000 19.5% 20,000
194. Metal Fabricators, Structural Metal Products $28,000 19.5% 20,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

195. Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters $28,000 19.5% 20,000

196. First-Line Supervisors, Administrative Support $37,990 9.4% 146,000
197. First-Line Supervisors, Customer Service $37,990 9.4% 146,000
198. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Office and
Administrative Support Workers $37,990 9.4% 146,000
199. Actors $20,540 26.7% 20,000
200. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians $28,810 19.0% 19,000
201. Multi-Media Artists and Animators $42,270 22.2% 8,000
202. Computer and Information Scientists, Research $75,130 40.3% 2,000
203. Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education $38,740 14.5% 23,000
204. Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, and GED
Teachers and Instructors $35,220 19.4% 12,000
205. Food Preparation Workers $15,910 16.9% 231,000
206. Surgical Technologists $30,090 34.7% 8,000
207. Structural Iron and Steel Workers $38,950 18.4% 12,000
208. Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity $28,060 17.4% 24,000
209. HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair
Workers $21,210 18.5% 35,000
210. Biochemists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
211. Biochemists and Biophysicists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
212. Biophysicists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
213. Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
214. Computer Hardware Engineers $71,560 24.9% 3,000
215. Environmental Engineers $61,250 26.0% 3,000
216. Recreation Workers $17,850 20.1% 32,000
217. Pipe Fitters $38,710 10.2% 49,000
218. Pipelaying Fitters $38,710 10.2% 49,000
219. Plumbers $38,710 10.2% 49,000
220. Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters $38,710 10.2% 49,000
221. Education Administrators, Preschool and Child Care
Center/Program $31,860 13.4% 35,000
222. Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and
Farm Products $43,230 12.3% 23,000
223. Respiratory Therapists $39,370 34.8% 4,000
224. Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors $29,870 35.0% 7,000

225. Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal

and Plastic $28,390 19.7% 15,000
226. Numerical Control Machine Tool Operators and
Tenders, Metal and Plastic $28,390 19.7% 15,000
227. Special Education Teachers, Middle School $40,010 24.4% 6,000
228. Automatic Teller Machine Servicers $32,890 14.2% 24,000
229. Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine
Repairers $32,890 14.2% 24,000
230. Data Processing Equipment Repairers $32,890 14.2% 24,000
231. Office Machine and Cash Register Servicers $32,890 14.2% 24,000
232. Coaches and Scouts $29,020 17.6% 19,000
233. Chiropractors $68,420 23.4% 3,000
234. Microbiologists $49,880 21.0% 5,000
235. Veterinarians $62,000 31.8% 2,000
236. Compensation and Benefits Managers $61,880 12.7% 14,000
237. Human Resources Managers $61,880 12.7% 14,000
238. Training and Development Managers $61,880 12.7% 14,000
239. Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand $19,440 13.9% 519,000
240. Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers $18,990 36.1% 13,000
241. Grips and Set-Up Workers, Motion Picture Sets,
Studios, and Stages $19,440 13.9% 519,000
242. Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers,
Hand $19,440 13.9% 519,000
243. Stevedores, Except Equipment Operators $19,440 13.9% 519,000
244. Chemists $51,860 19.1% 6,000
245. Library Assistants, Clerical $18,580 19.7% 26,000
246. Cashiers $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000
247. Desktop Publishers $31,200 66.7% 5,000
248. Health Educators $35,230 23.5% 7,000
249. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional Officers $44,640 29.6% 3,000
250. Biological Technicians $32,280 26.4% 7,000
251. Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors $23,850 16.6% 34,000
252. Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists $46,220 21.0% 5,000
253. Engineering Managers $87,490 8.0% 24,000
Landscaping Workers $32,100 20.1% 10,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

255. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Landscaping,

Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers $32,100 20.1% 10,000
256. Lawn Service Managers $32,100 20.1% 10,000
257. Rehabilitation Counselors $25,610 23.6% 12,000
258. Boat Builders and Shipwrights $33,470 8.2% 161,000
259. Brattice Builders $33,470 8.2% 161,000
260. Carpenter Assemblers and Repairers $33,470 8.2% 161,000
261. Carpenters $33,470 8.2% 161,000
262. Construction Carpenters $33,470 8.2% 161,000
263. Food Servers, Nonrestaurant $15,310 16.4% 85,000
264. Rough Carpenters $33,470 8.2% 161,000
265. Ship Carpenters and Joiners $33,470 8.2% 161,000
266. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers $46,980 26.1% 3,000
267. Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists $33,570 14.2% 20,000
268. Biologists $44,770 21.0% 5,000
269. Aircraft Body and Bonded Structure Repairers $41,990 16.7% 11,000
270. Aircraft Engine Specialists $41,990 16.7% 11,000
271. Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians $41,990 16.7% 11,000
272. Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics $41,990 16.7% 11,000
273. Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping
Cleaners $17,900 13.5% 507,000
274. Environmental Scientists and Specialists,
Including Health $47,330 22.3% 4,000
275. Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers,
and Athletes $55,550 27.9% 2,000
276. Private Detectives and Investigators $28,380 23.5% 9,000
277. Electrical and Electronics Drafters $40,070 23.3% 5,000
278. Electrical Drafters $40,070 23.3% 5,000
279. Electronic Drafters $40,070 23.3% 5,000
280. Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession,
and Coffee Shop $14,760 14.4% 216,000
281. Occupational Therapist Assistants $35,840 39.7% 3,000
282. Nonfarm Animal Caretakers $16,570 21.6% 20,000
283. Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents $24,090 14.5% 39,000
284. Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and
Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000

285. Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000

286. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation
and Serving Workers $23,600 12.7% 136,000
287. Massage Therapists $28,050 30.4% 7,000
288. Directors, Religious Activities and Education $27,420 15.9% 23,000
289. Flight Attendants $40,600 18.4% 8,000
290. Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists $55,960 26.5% 2,000
291. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Non-Retail
Sales Workers $51,490 5.8% 41,000
292. Calibration and Instrumentation Technicians $42,130 10.8% 22,000
293. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians $42,130 10.8% 22,000
294. Electrical Engineering Technicians $42,130 10.8% 22,000
295. Electronics Engineering Technicians $42,130 10.8% 22,000
296. Brickmasons and Blockmasons $41,590 12.5% 18,000
297. Epidemiologists $52,710 26.5% 2,000
298. Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians $35,010 34.9% 3,000
299. Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders $20,760 14.4% 56,000
300. Semiconductor Processors $26,480 32.4% 7,000
301. Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing,
Except Technical and Scientific Products $41,520 5.7% 86,000
302. Architects, Except Landscape and Naval $55,470 18.5% 4,000
303. Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators $25,350 11.3% 91,000
304. Sales Representatives, Agricultural $54,360 7.5% 24,000
305. Sales Representatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical $54,360 7.5% 24,000
306. Sales Representatives, Electrical/Electronic $54,360 7.5% 24,000
307. Sales Representatives, Instruments $54,360 7.5% 24,000
308. Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and
Supplies $54,360 7.5% 24,000
309. Sales Representatives, Medical $54,360 7.5% 24,000
Technical and Scientific Products $54,360 7.5% 24,000
311. Respiratory Therapy Technicians $33,840 34.6% 3,000
312. Chemical Technicians $36,190 15.0% 13,000
313. Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance $30,070 22.2% 8,000
314. Retail Salespersons $17,150 12.4% 1,124,000
315. Bakers $20,440 16.8% 25,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

316. Bakers, Bread and Pastry $20,440 16.8% 25,000

317. Bakers, Manufacturing $20,440 16.8% 25,000
318. Economists $67,050 18.5% 3,000
319. Mapping Technicians $28,210 25.3% 7,000
320. Surveying and Mapping Technicians $28,210 25.3% 7,000
321. Surveying Technicians $28,210 25.3% 7,000
322. Athletes and Sports Competitors $43,730 22.5% 3,000
323. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police
and Detectives $59,300 13.1% 9,000
324. Signal and Track Switch Repairers $42,390 11.5% 16,000
325. Combination Machine Tool Operators and Tenders,
Metal and Plastic $27,910 14.7% 21,000
326. Combination Machine Tool Setters and Set-Up
Operators, Metal and Plastic $27,910 14.7% 21,000
327. Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders,
328. Sales Engineers $59,720 17.7% 4,000
329. Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance $30,240 11.4% 27,000
330. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers $28,590 8.1% 206,000
331. Budget Analysts $50,510 14.6% 8,000
332. Audiologists $46,900 44.7% 1,000
333. Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists $43,330 15.7% 8,000
334. Industrial Production Managers $64,510 6.2% 22,000
335. Clergy $33,840 15.0% 12,000
336. Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors $53,420 16.7% 5,000
337. Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors $53,420 16.7% 5,000
338. Mental Health Counselors $29,050 21.7% 7,000
339. Interior Designers $39,580 17.4% 7,000
340. HelpersProduction Workers $18,990 11.9% 143,000
341. Production Helpers $18,990 11.9% 143,000
342. Production Laborers $18,990 11.9% 143,000
343. Physical Therapist Aides $20,300 46.3% 7,000
344. Geologists $58,280 18.1% 3,000
345. Bartenders $14,610 13.4% 84,000
346. Veterinary Technologists and Technicians $22,430 39.3% 6,000
347. Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate $38,950 18.0% 6,000

348. Appraisers, Real Estate $38,950 18.0% 6,000

349. Assessors $38,950 18.0% 6,000
350. Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers $17,470 39.8% 8,000
351. Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists $18,260 13.0% 78,000
352. Parking Lot Attendants $15,690 19.8% 17,000
353. Bus Drivers, School $21,990 11.6% 63,000
354. Environmental Science and Protection Technicians,
355. Hydrologists $56,400 25.7% 1,000
356. Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers,
Recordkeeping $24,690 17.9% 13,000
357. Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge,
and Coffee Shop $14,920 13.0% 84,000
358. Landscape Architects $46,710 31.1% 1,000
359. Agricultural Technicians $27,530 15.2% 15,000
360. Food Science Technicians $27,530 15.2% 15,000
361. Machinists $32,090 9.1% 28,000
362. Meeting and Convention Planners $36,550 23.3% 3,000
363. Credit Analysts $41,650 16.0% 7,000
364. Child Care Workers $16,030 10.6% 370,000
365. Mechanical Engineers $61,440 13.1% 7,000
366. Mechanical Drafters $39,620 15.4% 8,000
367. Environmental Engineering Technicians $36,590 29.1% 2,000
368. Fashion Designers $49,530 20.3% 2,000
369. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping
and Janitorial Workers $27,200 14.2% 18,000
370. Housekeeping Supervisors $27,200 14.2% 18,000
371. Janitorial Supervisors $27,200 14.2% 18,000
372. Residential Advisors $19,680 24.0% 9,000
373. Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators $36,810 14.9% 9,000
374. Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders $36,810 14.9% 9,000
375. Chemical Equipment Tenders $36,810 14.9% 9,000
376. Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons $35,130 11.5% 16,000
377. Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators,
and Tenders, Metal and Plastic $25,170 13.5% 23,000
378. Biomedical Engineers $59,790 31.4% fewer than500
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

379. Painters, Transportation Equipment $32,330 17.5% 8,000

380. Commercial Pilots $47,420 26.9% 1,000
381. Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks $22,710 9.3% 133,000
382. HelpersElectricians $22,160 13.3% 27,000
383. Child Support, Missing Persons, and Unemployment
Insurance Fraud Investigators $50,960 16.4% 4,000
384. Criminal Investigators and Special Agents $50,960 16.4% 4,000
385. Detectives and Criminal Investigators $50,960 16.4% 4,000
386. Immigration and Customs Inspectors $50,960 16.4% 4,000
387. Police Detectives $50,960 16.4% 4,000
388. Police Identification and Records Officers $50,960 16.4% 4,000
389. Loan Officers $43,210 4.9% 28,000
390. Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers $30,490 23.4% 4,000
391. Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines $35,190 14.0% 11,000
392. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production and
Operating Workers $42,000 1.0% 71,000
393. Electrical Engineers $66,890 11.3% 8,000
394. Real Estate Sales Agents $28,570 9.5% 28,000
395. Film and Video Editors $36,910 25.8% 2,000
396. Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and System
Operators $32,560 18.1% 6,000
397. Interpreters and Translators $32,000 23.8% 3,000
398. Commercial Divers $32,770 11.5% 16,000
399. Gaming Managers $53,450 30.0% fewer than 500
400. Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators $25,350 8.5% 69,000
401. Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks $25,350 8.5% 69,000
402. Billing, Posting, and Calculating Machine Operators $25,350 8.5% 69,000
403. Marriage and Family Therapists $32,720 29.9% 2,000
404. Statement Clerks $25,350 8.5% 69,000
405. Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers $58,280 18.1% 2,000
406. Insurance Sales Agents $38,890 3.3% 43,000
407. Marking Clerks $19,060 8.5% 467,000
408. Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales $19,060 8.5% 467,000
409. Stock Clerks and Order Fillers $19,060 8.5% 467,000
410. Stock Clerks, Sales Floor $19,060 8.5% 467,000
411. Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard $19,060 8.5% 467,000

412. Exhibit Designers $33,460 27.0% 2,000

413. Set and Exhibit Designers $33,460 27.0% 2,000
414. Set Designers $33,460 27.0% 2,000
415. Gaming Cage Workers $21,540 25.2% 7,000
416. Photographers $23,040 17.0% 13,000
417. Photographers, Scientific $23,040 17.0% 13,000
418. Professional Photographers $23,040 17.0% 13,000
419. Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers $16,360 11.4% 62,000
420. Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Operators and
Tenders, Except Pressing $16,360 11.4% 62,000
421. Precision Dyers $16,360 11.4% 62,000
422. Spotters, Dry Cleaning $16,360 11.4% 62,000
423. Political Scientists $81,350 17.2% 2,000
424. Automotive Body and Related Repairers $32,490 10.2% 18,000
425. Ceiling Tile Installers $33,000 9.4% 19,000
426. Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers $33,000 9.4% 19,000
427. Drywall Installers $33,000 9.4% 19,000
428. Vocational Education Teachers, Secondary School $43,590 13.4% 7,000
429. Radiation Therapists $49,050 22.8% 1,000
430. Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture $28,980 25.8% 3,000
431. Materials Scientists $62,750 19.8% 1,000
432. Chefs and Head Cooks $26,800 9.0% 35,000
433. Pest Control Workers $23,150 22.1% 7,000
434. Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians $26,410 25.4% 4,000
435. Nuclear Medicine Technologists $47,400 22.4% 1,000
436. Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators $34,160 6.9% 25,000
437. Operating Engineers $34,160 6.9% 25,000
438. Operating Engineers and Other Construction
Equipment Operators $34,160 6.9% 25,000
439. Urban and Regional Planners $48,530 16.4% 3,000
440. Optometrists $85,650 18.7% 1,000
441. Maintenance and Repair Workers, General $28,740 4.7% 103,000
442. Casting Machine Set-Up Operators $22,340 9.8% 38,000
443. Metal Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine
Operators and Tenders $22,340 9.8% 38,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)


Setters and Set-Up Operators $22,340 9.8% 38,000
445. Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters,
Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic $22,340 9.8% 38,000
446. Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Operators
and Tenders $22,340 9.8% 38,000
447. Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Setters and
Set-Up Operators $22,340 9.8% 38,000
448. Sociologists $54,880 17.2% 2,000
449. Dietitians and Nutritionists $40,410 15.2% 5,000
450. Tax Preparers $27,680 17.4% 8,000
451. Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators $46,660 27.2% fewer than 500
452. Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors $37,330 27.7% 1,000
453. Survey Researchers $23,230 34.5% 3,000
454. Costume Attendants $23,570 19.1% 8,000
455. Elevator Installers and Repairers $51,630 17.2% 2,000
456. Composers $33,720 13.1% 9,000
457. Music Arrangers and Orchestrators $33,720 13.1% 9,000
458. Music Directors $33,720 13.1% 9,000
459. Music Directors and Composers $33,720 13.1% 9,000
460. Paperhangers $31,330 20.2% 3,000
461. Team Assemblers $22,260 5.9% 283,000
462. Pharmacy Aides $18,010 19.5% 9,000
463. Soldering and Brazing Machine Operators and Tenders $28,220 15.1% 9,000
464. Soldering and Brazing Machine Setters and
Set-Up Operators $28,220 15.1% 9,000
465. Welding Machine Operators and Tenders $28,220 15.1% 9,000
466. Welding Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators $28,220 15.1% 9,000
467. Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters,
Operators, and Tenders $28,220 15.1% 9,000
468. Civil Engineering Technicians $37,410 11.9% 9,000
469. Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers $34,750 17.5% 4,000
470. Farmers and Ranchers $42,170 25.4% 146,000
471. Electronics Engineers, Except Computer $68,350 10.4% 6,000
472. Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall $28,000 13.6% 12,000
473. Insulation Workers, Mechanical $28,000 13.6% 12,000

474. Geographers $48,410 17.2% 2,000

475. Real Estate Brokers $51,370 9.6% 8,000
476. File Clerks $19,490 9.1% 49,000
477. HelpersBrickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons,
and Tile and Marble Setters $23,620 14.1% 14,000
478. Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks $26,540 2.0% 298,000
479. Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Operators
and Tenders $24,710 11.9% 18,000
480. Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and
Set-Up Operators $24,710 11.9% 18,000
481. Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters,
482. Tile and Marble Setters $35,390 15.6% 5,000
483. Tree Trimmers and Pruners $23,950 16.3% 11,000
484. Nuclear Technicians $59,690 20.7% fewer than 500
485. Floral Designers $19,280 14.9% 15,000
486. Court Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
487. Court, Municipal, and License Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
488. License Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
489. Municipal Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
490. Manicurists and Pedicurists $16,700 26.5% 5,000
491. Mechanical Engineering Technicians $40,910 13.9% 5,000
492. Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria $17,750 7.6% 110,000
493. Gaming Supervisors $39,240 18.4% 2,000
494. Stonemasons $32,470 20.8% 2,000
495. Historians $42,940 17.2% 2,000
496. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal Service
Workers $28,040 15.1% 8,000
497. Dietetic Technicians $21,790 27.6% 3,000
498. Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency
Medical Technicians $18,890 33.7% 3,000
499. HelpersPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters $21,830 11.5% 20,000
Agricultural Crop Workers $33,330 13.0% 8,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
The 100 Best-Paying Jobs

We sorted all 500 jobs based on their annual median earnings from highest to lowest. Median
earnings means that half of all workers in these jobs earn more than that amount and half earn
less. We then selected the 100 jobs with the highest earnings to create the list that follows.
It shouldnt be a big surprise that most of the highest-paying jobs require advanced levels of
education, training, and experience. For example, most of the 20 jobs with the highest earn-
ings require a doctoral or professional degree, and others, such as Chief Executives and Mar-
keting Managers, require extensive training and experience. Although the top 20 jobs may not
appeal to you for a variety of reasons, you are likely to find others that will among the top 100
jobs with the highest earnings. Keep in mind that the earnings reflect the national average for
all workers in the occupation. This is an important consideration, because starting pay in the
job is usually a lot less than the pay that workers can earn with several years of experience.
Earnings also vary significantly by region of the country, so actual pay in your area could be
substantially different.

Annual
Job Earnings
1. Anesthesiologists greater than $145,600

2. Internists, General greater than $145,600
3. Obstetricians and Gynecologists greater than $145,600
4. Surgeons greater than $145,600
5. Psychiatrists $126,460
6. Pediatricians, General $126,430
7. Chief Executives $120,450
8. Government Service Executives $120,450
9. Private Sector Executives $120,450
10. Family and General Practitioners $118,390
11. Lawyers $88,760
12. Engineering Managers $87,490
13. Optometrists $85,650
14. Computer and Information Systems Managers $82,480
15. Political Scientists $81,350
16. Computer and Information Scientists, Research $75,130
17. Pharmacists $74,890
18. Marketing Managers $74,370
19. Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software $73,280
20. Sales Managers $71,620
21. Computer Hardware Engineers $71,560
22. Computer Software Engineers, Applications $70,210
23. Financial Managers $70,210

Annual
Job Earnings
24. Financial Managers, Branch or Department $70,210

25. Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers $70,210
26. Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School $69,240
27. Chiropractors $68,420
28. Electronics Engineers, Except Computer $68,350
29. Economists $67,050
30. Electrical Engineers $66,890
31. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists $66,010
32. General and Operations Managers $65,010
33. Industrial Production Managers $64,510
34. Physician Assistants $63,970
35. Materials Scientists $62,750
36. Veterinarians $62,000
37. Computer Systems Analysts $61,990
38. Compensation and Benefits Managers $61,880
39. Human Resources Managers $61,880
40. Training and Development Managers $61,880
41. Education Administrators, Postsecondary $61,700
42. Mechanical Engineers $61,440
43. Environmental Engineers $61,250
44. Construction Managers $61,050
45. Computer Programmers $60,120
46. Art Directors $59,800
47. Biomedical Engineers $59,790
48. Sales Engineers $59,720
49. Nuclear Equipment Operation Technicians $59,690
50. Nuclear Monitoring Technicians $59,690
51. Nuclear Technicians $59,690
52. Sales Agents, Financial Services $59,690
53. Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities $59,690
54. Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents $59,690
55. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives $59,300
56. Medical and Health Services Managers $59,220
57. Geologists $58,280
58. Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers $58,280
59. Management Analysts $57,970
60. Personal Financial Advisors $57,710
61. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts $57,470
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Annual
Job Earnings
62. Storage and Distribution Managers $57,240

63. Transportation Managers $57,240
64. Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers $57,240
65. Public Relations Managers $57,200
66. Biochemists $57,100
67. Biochemists and Biophysicists $57,100
68. Biophysicists $57,100
69. Physical Therapists $56,570
70. Hydrologists $56,400
71. Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists $55,960
72. Advertising and Promotions Managers $55,940
73. Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes $55,550
74. Architects, Except Landscape and Naval $55,470
75. Financial Analysts $55,120
76. Sociologists $54,880
77. Database Administrators $54,850
78. Dental Hygienists $54,700
79. Sales Representatives, Agricultural $54,360
80. Sales Representatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical $54,360
81. Sales Representatives, Electrical/Electronic $54,360
82. Sales Representatives, Instruments $54,360
83. Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and Supplies $54,360
84. Sales Representatives, Medical $54,360
85. Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and
Scientific Products $54,360
86. Computer Security Specialists $53,770
87. Network and Computer Systems Administrators $53,770
88. Gaming Managers $53,450
89. Market Research Analysts $53,450
90. Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors $53,420
91. Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors $53,420
92. Epidemiologists $52,710
93. Teachers, Postsecondary $52,115
94. Chemists $51,860
95. Elevator Installers and Repairers $51,630
96. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Workers $51,490
97. Occupational Therapists $51,370
98. Real Estate Brokers $51,370
99. Child Support, Missing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Investigators $50,960
100. Criminal Investigators and Special Agents $50,960
The 100 Fastest-Growing Jobs

We created this list by sorting all 500 best jobs by their projected growth over a ten-year
period. Growth rates are one measure to consider in exploring career options, as jobs with
higher growth rates tend to provide more job opportunities.
Jobs in the computer and medical fields dominate the 20 fastest-growing jobs. Computer
Software Engineers, Applications is the job with the highest growth ratethe number
employed is projected to double during this time. You can find a wide range of rapidly grow-
ing jobs in a variety of fields and at different levels of training and education among the jobs
in this list.

Percent
Job Growth
1. Computer Software Engineers, Applications 100.0%

2. Computer Support Specialists 97.0%
3. Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software 89.7%
4. Computer Security Specialists 81.9%
5. Network and Computer Systems Administrators 81.9%
6. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts 77.5%
7. Desktop Publishers 66.7%
8. Database Administrators 65.9%
9. Personal and Home Care Aides 62.5%
10. Computer Systems Analysts 59.7%
11. Medical Assistants 57.0%
12. Social and Human Service Assistants 54.2%
13. Physician Assistants 53.5%
14. Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 49.0%
15. Computer and Information Systems Managers 47.9%
16. Home Health Aides 47.3%
17. Physical Therapist Aides 46.3%
18. Physical Therapist Assistants 44.8%
19. Audiologists 44.7%
20. Computer and Information Scientists, Research 40.3%
21. Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 40.3%
22. Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 39.8%
23. Occupational Therapist Assistants 39.7%
24. Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 39.3%
25. Speech-Language Pathologists 39.2%
26. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 39.1%
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Percent
Job Growth
27. Dental Assistants 37.2%

28. Dental Hygienists 37.1%
29. Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School 36.8%
30. Pharmacy Technicians 36.4%
31. Public Relations Managers 36.3%
32. Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 36.1%
33. Public Relations Specialists 36.1%
34. Security Guards 35.4%
35. Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 35.0%
36. Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 34.9%
37. Respiratory Therapists 34.8%
38. Surgical Technologists 34.7%
39. Respiratory Therapy Technicians 34.6%
40. Survey Researchers 34.5%
41. Advertising and Promotions Managers 34.3%
42. Personal Financial Advisors 34.0%
43. Occupational Therapists 33.9%
44. Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians 33.7%
45. Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 33.4%
46. Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan 33.4%
47. Physical Therapists 33.3%
48. Paralegals and Legal Assistants 33.2%
49. Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 32.8%
50. Irradiated-Fuel Handlers 32.8%
51. Sales Managers 32.8%
52. Adjustment Clerks 32.4%
53. Amusement and Recreation Attendants 32.4%
54. Correctional Officers and Jailers 32.4%
55. Customer Service Representatives 32.4%
56. Customer Service Representatives, Utilities 32.4%
57. Gaming Dealers 32.4%
58. Semiconductor Processors 32.4%
59. Medical and Health Services Managers 32.3%
60. Veterinarians 31.8%
61. Medical and Public Health Social Workers 31.6%
62. Biomedical Engineers 31.4%

Percent
Job Growth
63. Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 31.3%

64. Landscape Architects 31.1%
65. Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 30.5%
66. Massage Therapists 30.4%
67. Gaming Managers 30.0%
68. Marriage and Family Therapists 29.9%
69. Medical Transcriptionists 29.8%
70. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional Officers 29.6%
71. Technical Writers 29.6%
72. Environmental Engineering Technicians 29.1%
73. Marketing Managers 29.1%
74. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 29.0%
75. Management Analysts 28.9%
76. Caption Writers 28.4%
77. Copy Writers 28.4%
78. Creative Writers 28.4%
79. Poets and Lyricists 28.4%
80. Writers and Authors 28.4%
81. Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 27.9%
82. Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors 27.7%
83. Dietetic Technicians 27.6%
84. Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 27.6%
85. Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators 27.2%
86. DirectorsStage, Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio 27.1%
87. Producers 27.1%
88. Producers and Directors 27.1%
89. Program Directors 27.1%
90. Talent Directors 27.1%
91. Technical Directors/Managers 27.1%
92. Exhibit Designers 27.0%
93. Set and Exhibit Designers 27.0%
94. Set Designers 27.0%
95. Child, Family, and School Social Workers 26.9%
96. Commercial Pilots 26.9%
97. Actors 26.7%
98. Graphic Designers 26.7%
99. Segmental Pavers 26.7%
100. Epidemiologists 26.5%
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
The 100 Jobs with the Most Openings

We created this list by sorting all 500 best jobs by the number of job openings that each is
expected to have per year. Jobs that employ lots of people are also likely to have more job
openings in a given year. Many of these occupations, such as Cashiers, are not among the
highest-paying jobs. But jobs with large numbers of openings often provide easier entry for
new workers, make it easier to move from one position to another, or are attractive for other
reasons. Some of these jobs may also appeal to people re-entering the labor market, part-time
workers, and workers who want to move from one employer to another. And some of these
jobs pay quite well, offer good benefits, or have other advantages.

Annual
Job Openings
1. Cashiers 1,125,000
2. Retail Salespersons 1,124,000
3. Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 737,000
4. Office Clerks, General 676,000
5. Waiters and Waitresses 596,000
6. Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 519,000
7. Grips and Set-Up Workers, Motion Picture Sets, Studios, and Stages 519,000
8. Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 519,000
9. Stevedores, Except Equipment Operators 519,000
10. Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 507,000
11. Marking Clerks 467,000
12. Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales 467,000
13. Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 467,000
14. Stock Clerks, Sales Floor 467,000
15. Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard 467,000
16. Child Care Workers 370,000
17. Adjustment Clerks 359,000
18. Customer Service Representatives 359,000
19. Customer Service Representatives, Utilities 359,000
20. Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 298,000
21. Team Assemblers 283,000
22. Receptionists and Information Clerks 269,000
23. Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants 268,000
24. Teacher Assistants 256,000
25. Packers and Packagers, Hand 242,000
26. Security Guards 242,000
27. Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 240,000

Annual
Job Openings
28. Truck Drivers, Heavy 240,000

29. Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer 240,000
30. Construction Laborers 236,000
31. General and Operations Managers 235,000
32. Food Preparation Workers 231,000
33. Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 216,000
34. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers 206,000
35. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 193,000
36. Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 185,000
37. Teachers, Postsecondary 184,000
38. Boat Builders and Shipwrights 161,000
39. Brattice Builders 161,000
40. Carpenter Assemblers and Repairers 161,000
41. Carpenters 161,000
42. Construction Carpenters 161,000
43. Rough Carpenters 161,000
44. Ship Carpenters and Joiners 161,000
45. Cooks, Restaurant 158,000
46. Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services 153,000
47. Counter and Rental Clerks 150,000
48. Farmers and Ranchers 146,000
49. First-Line Supervisors, Administrative Support 146,000
50. First-Line Supervisors, Customer Service 146,000
51. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Office and Administrative Support Workers 146,000
52. Telemarketers 145,000
53. Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 144,000
54. HelpersProduction Workers 143,000
55. Production Helpers 143,000
56. Production Laborers 143,000
57. Registered Nurses 140,000
58. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 136,000
59. Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 133,000
60. Home Health Aides 120,000
61. Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 110,000
62. Automotive Master Mechanics 104,000
63. Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 104,000
64. Automotive Specialty Technicians 104,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Annual
Job Openings
65. Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 103,000

66. Accountants 100,000
67. Accountants and Auditors 100,000
68. Auditors 100,000
69. Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 91,000
70. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers 89,000
71. Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 86,000
72. Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical
and Scientific Products 86,000
73. Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 85,000
74. Bartenders 84,000
75. Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 84,000
76. Personal and Home Care Aides 84,000
77. Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 78,000
78. Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 73,000
79. Bill and Account Collectors 71,000
80. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production and Operating Workers 71,000
81. Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators 69,000
82. Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks 69,000
83. Billing, Posting, and Calculating Machine Operators 69,000
84. Statement Clerks 69,000
85. Painters, Construction and Maintenance 67,000
86. Electricians 66,000
87. Bus Drivers, School 63,000
88. Amusement and Recreation Attendants 62,000
89. Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 62,000
90. Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Operators and Tenders, Except Pressing 62,000
91. Precision Dyers 62,000
92. Spotters, Dry Cleaning 62,000
93. Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education 60,000
94. Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 58,000
95. Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 56,000
96. Food Service Managers 55,000
97. Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 55,000
98. Sales Agents, Financial Services 55,000
99. Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities 55,000
100. Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 55,000
Best Jobs Lists with High Percentages of

Workers Age 1624, Workers Age 55 and
Over, Part-Time Workers, Self-Employed
Workers, Women, and Men
We decided that it would be interesting to include lists in this section that show what sorts of
jobs different types of people are most likely to have. For example, what jobs have the highest
percentage of men or younger workers? Were not saying that men or younger workers should
consider these jobs over others, but it is interesting information to know.
In some cases, the lists can give you ideas for jobs to consider that you might otherwise over-
look. For example, perhaps women should consider some jobs that traditionally have high
percentages of men in them. Older workers might consider some jobs typically held by
younger ones. Although these are not obvious ways of using these lists, the lists may give you
some good ideas on jobs to consider. The lists may also help you identify jobs that work well
for others in your situation (for example, jobs with plentiful opportunities for part-time work,
if that is something you want to do).
All of the lists in this section were created using a similar process. We began with all 500
best jobs and then sorted those jobs in order of the primary criteria for each set of lists. For
example, we sorted all 500 jobs based on the percentage of workers age 16 to 24. We then
selected the 100 jobs with the highest percentage of workers age 16 to 24 and listed them
along with their earnings, growth, and number of openings data. From the list of 100 jobs for
each type of worker, we created four more-specialized lists:
25 Best Jobs Overall (jobs with the best total score for earnings, growth rate, and number
of openings)
25 Best-Paying Jobs
25 Fastest-Growing Jobs
25 Jobs with the Most Openings
Again, each of these four lists only includes jobs from among those with the 100 highest
percentages of different types of workers. The same basic process was used to create all the
lists in this section. The lists are interesting, and we hope you find them helpful.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs with a High Percentage of

Workers Age 1624
From our list of 500 jobs used in this book, this list contains jobs with the highest percent-
age of workers age 16 to 24, presented in order of the percentage of these young workers in
each job. Younger workers are found in all jobs, but jobs with higher percentages of younger
workers may present more opportunities for initial entry or upward mobility. Many jobs with
the highest percentages of younger workers are those that dont require extensive training or
education, and there is a wide variety of jobs in different fields among the top 100.
The 100 Jobs with the Highest Percentage of Workers

Age 1624
Percent Annual Percent Annual
Job Age 1624 Earnings Growth Openings
1. Cashiers 51.8% $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000

2. Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 51.8% $18,990 36.1% 13,000
3. Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food
Concession, and Coffee Shop 51.1% $14,760 14.4% 216,000
4. Waiters and Waitresses 47.2% $13,720 18.3% 596,000
5. Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 46.4% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
6. Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material
Movers, Hand 46.4% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
7. Amusement and Recreation Attendants 46.1% $14,600 32.4% 62,000
8. Gaming Dealers 46.1% $13,680 32.4% 28,000
9. Gaming Supervisors 46.1% $39,240 18.4% 2,000
10. Counter and Rental Clerks 44.8% $16,750 19.4% 150,000
11. HelpersBrickmasons, Blockmasons, Stone-
masons, and Tile and Marble Setters 43.9% $23,620 14.1% 14,000
12. HelpersElectricians 43.9% $22,160 13.3% 27,000
13. HelpersPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters,
and Steamfitters 43.9% $21,830 11.5% 20,000
14. Combined Food Preparation and Serving
Workers, Including Fast Food 40.1% $14,120 30.5% 737,000
15. Food Preparation Workers 40.1% $15,910 16.9% 231,000
16. File Clerks 39.4% $19,490 9.1% 49,000
17. Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 39.4% $15,310 16.4% 85,000
and Coffee Shop 39.3% $14,920 13.0% 84,000
19. Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 38.9% $16,490 18.8% 86,000
20. Library Assistants, Clerical 38.4% $18,580 19.7% 26,000

Age 1624
21. Bakers, Bread and Pastry 38.2% $20,440 16.8% 25,000

22. Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 38.2% $17,750 7.6% 110,000
23. Cooks, Restaurant 38.2% $18,480 21.7% 158,000
24. Demonstrators and Product Promoters 33.1% $20,690 24.9% 34,000
25. Retail Salespersons 33.1% $17,150 12.4% 1,124,000
26. Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 30.7% $16,570 21.6% 20,000
27. Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal
Caretakers 30.7% $17,470 39.8% 8,000
Studios, and Stages 30.1% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
Workers 30.1% $21,210 18.5% 35,000
30. HelpersProduction Workers 30.1% $18,990 11.9% 143,000
31. Production Helpers 30.1% $18,990 11.9% 143,000
32. Production Laborers 30.1% $18,990 11.9% 143,000
33. Stevedores, Except Equipment Operators 30.1% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
34. Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 29.6% $19,120 29.0% 193,000
35. Tree Trimmers and Pruners 29.4% $23,950 16.3% 11,000
36. Receptionists and Information Clerks 29.0% $20,650 23.7% 269,000
37. Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 27.9% $16,920 33.4% 73,000
38. Costume Attendants 26.8% $23,570 19.1% 8,000
39. Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents 26.8% $24,090 14.5% 39,000
40. Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents
and Travel Clerks 26.8% $24,090 14.5% 39,000
41. Travel Clerks 26.8% $24,090 14.5% 39,000
42. Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan 24.3% $21,880 33.4% 53,000
43. Dental Assistants 23.8% $26,720 37.2% 16,000
44. Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except
Emergency Medical Technicians 22.4% $18,890 33.7% 3,000
45. Physical Therapist Aides 22.4% $20,300 46.3% 7,000
46. Physical Therapist Assistants 22.4% $35,280 44.8% 9,000
47. Roofers 22.4% $29,460 19.4% 38,000
48. Metal Molding, Coremaking, and Casting
Machine Operators and Tenders 22.0% $22,340 9.8% 38,000
49. Metal Molding, Coremaking, and Casting
Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators 22.0% $22,340 9.8% 38,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Age 1624
50. Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine

Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
Plastic 22.0% $22,340 9.8% 38,000
51. Office Clerks, General 22.0% $21,780 15.9% 676,000
52. Plastic Molding and Casting Machine
Operators and Tenders 22.0% $22,340 9.8% 38,000
53. Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Setters
and Set-Up Operators 22.0% $22,340 9.8% 38,000
54. Packers and Packagers, Hand 21.8% $16,280 19.3% 242,000
55. Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 21.7% $28,000 13.6% 12,000
56. Insulation Workers, Mechanical 21.7% $28,000 13.6% 12,000
57. Marking Clerks 21.5% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
58. Packaging and Filling Machine Operators
and Tenders 21.5% $20,760 14.4% 56,000
59. Teacher Assistants 21.3% $18,070 23.9% 256,000
60. Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 20.7% $32,420 17.9% 36,000
61. Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 20.1% $22,710 9.3% 133,000
62. Bartenders 20.0% $14,610 13.4% 84,000
63. Bill and Account Collectors 20.0% $25,960 25.3% 71,000
64. Bakers, Manufacturing 19.6% $20,440 16.8% 25,000
65. Private Detectives and Investigators 19.3% $28,380 23.5% 9,000
66. Security Guards 19.3% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
67. Signal and Track Switch Repairers 18.5% $42,390 11.5% 16,000
68. Brazers 18.2% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
69. Solderers 18.2% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
70. Soldering and Brazing Machine Operators
and Tenders 18.2% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
Set-Up Operators 18.2% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
72. Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 17.4% $38,740 14.5% 23,000
73. Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales 17.4% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
74. Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 17.4% $18,640 20.0% 55,000
75. Stock Clerks, Sales Floor 17.4% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
76. Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse,
or Storage Yard 17.4% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
77. Adjustment Clerks 17.2% $25,430 32.4% 359,000

Age 1624
78. Customer Service Representatives 17.2% $25,430 32.4% 359,000

79. Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 17.2% $33,000 9.4% 19,000
80. Drywall Installers 17.2% $33,000 9.4% 19,000
81. Home Health Aides 17.2% $17,590 47.3% 120,000
82. Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants 17.2% $19,290 23.5% 268,000
83. Child Care Workers 17.0% $16,030 10.6% 370,000
84. Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 16.8% $16,360 11.4% 62,000
85. Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Operators
and Tenders, Except Pressing 16.8% $16,360 11.4% 62,000
86. Spotters, Dry Cleaning 16.8% $16,360 11.4% 62,000
87. Automotive Body and Related Repairers 16.7% $32,490 10.2% 18,000
88. Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine
Operators and Tenders 16.7% $24,710 11.9% 18,000
Setters and Set-Up Operators 16.7% $24,710 11.9% 18,000
Setters, Operators, and Tenders 16.7% $24,710 11.9% 18,000
91. Painters, Transportation Equipment 16.7% $32,330 17.5% 8,000
92. Advertising Sales Agents 16.6% $36,560 26.3% 25,000
93. Sales Representatives, Agricultural 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
94. Sales Representatives, Chemical and
Pharmaceutical 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
95. Sales Representatives, Electrical/Electronic 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
96. Sales Representatives, Instruments 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
97. Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment
and Supplies 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
98. Sales Representatives, Medical 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
99. Sales Representatives, Wholesale and
Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific
Products 16.6% $41,520 5.7% 86,000
Products 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Overall for Workers Age 1624


4. Security Guards 19.3% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
14. Brazers 18.2% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
15. Solderers 18.2% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
17. Roofers 22.4% $29,460 19.4% 38,000
25. Gaming Dealers 46.1% $13,680 32.4% 28,000
Best-Paying Jobs for Workers Age 1624

1. Sales Representatives, Agricultural 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000

2. Sales Representatives, Chemical and
Pharmaceutical 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
3. Sales Representatives, Electrical/Electronic 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
4. Sales Representatives, Instruments 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
and Supplies 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
6. Sales Representatives, Medical 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
Products 16.6% $54,360 7.5% 24,000
Manufacturing, Except Technical and
Scientific Products 16.6% $41,520 5.7% 86,000
11. Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education 17.4% $38,740 14.5% 23,000
18. Painters, Transportation Equipment 16.7% $32,330 17.5% 8,000
19. Roofers 22.4% $29,460 19.4% 38,000
20. Brazers 18.2% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
21. Solderers 18.2% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
and Tenders 18.2% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
Set-Up Operators 18.2% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Fastest-Growing Jobs for Workers Age 1624


Caretakers 30.7% $17,470 39.8% 8,000
7. Security Guards 19.3% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
14. Gaming Dealers 46.1% $13,680 32.4% 28,000
Jobs with the Most Openings for Workers Age 1624

1. Cashiers 51.8% $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000

Studios, and Stages 30.1% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
Movers, Hand 46.4% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
9. Stevedores, Except Equipment Operators 30.1% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
10. Marking Clerks 21.5% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
11. Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales 17.4% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
12. Stock Clerks, Sales Floor 17.4% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
or Storage Yard 17.4% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
21. Security Guards 19.3% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
and Coffee Shop 51.1% $14,760 14.4% 216,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________

Workers Age 55 and Over
Older workers dont change careers as often as younger ones do, and on the average, they tend
to have been in their jobs for quite some time. Many of the jobs with the highest percentages
of workers age 55 and overand those with the highest earningsrequire considerable
preparation, either through experience or through education and training. These are not the
sort of jobs most younger workers could easily get. That should not come as a big surprise,
as many of these folks have been in the workforce for a long time and therefore have lots of
experience.
But go down the list of the 100 jobs with the highest percentage of older workers and you will
find a variety of jobs that many older workers could more easily enter if they were changing
careers. Some would make good retirement jobs, particularly if they allowed for part-time
work or self-employment.

Age 55 and Over
Percent
Age 55 and Annual Percent Annual
Job Over Earnings Growth Openings
1. Farmers and Ranchers 40.6% $42,170 25.4% 146,000

Agricultural Crop Workers 36.1% $33,330 13.0% 8,000
Landscaping Workers 36.1% $32,100 20.1% 10,000
Fishing, and Forestry Workers 36.1% $33,330 13.0% 89,000
Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers 35.2% $32,100 20.1% 10,000
6. Lawn Service Managers 35.2% $32,100 20.1% 10,000
7. Clergy 31.2% $33,840 15.0% 12,000
8. Property, Real Estate, and Community
Association Managers 27.0% $36,290 22.7% 24,000
9. Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 26.8% $38,950 18.0% 6,000
10. Appraisers, Real Estate 26.8% $38,950 18.0% 6,000
11. Assessors 26.8% $38,950 18.0% 6,000
12. Real Estate Brokers 26.8% $51,370 9.6% 8,000
13. Real Estate Sales Agents 26.8% $28,570 9.5% 28,000
14. Bus Drivers, School 23.3% $21,990 11.6% 63,000
15. Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 23.3% $28,060 17.4% 24,000

Age 55 and Over
Percent
16. Management Analysts 22.3% $57,970 28.9% 50,000

17. Personal and Home Care Aides 21.7% $16,140 62.5% 84,000
19. Security Guards 21.7% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
20. Social and Human Service Assistants 21.7% $23,070 54.2% 45,000
21. Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 21.6% $17,920 24.4% 37,000
22. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 20.4% $27,200 14.2% 18,000
23. Housekeeping Supervisors 20.4% $27,200 14.2% 18,000
24. Janitorial Supervisors 20.4% $27,200 14.2% 18,000
25. Composers 19.4% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
26. Music Arrangers and Orchestrators 19.4% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
27. Music Directors 19.4% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
28. Music Directors and Composers 19.4% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
29. Musicians and Singers 19.4% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
30. Musicians, Instrumental 19.4% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
31. Singers 19.4% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
32. Teachers, Postsecondary 19.0% $52,115 23.5% 184,000
33. Insurance Sales Agents 18.7% $38,890 3.3% 43,000
34. Government Service Executives 18.5% $120,450 17.2% 48,000
Recordkeeping 18.4% $24,690 17.9% 13,000
36. Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 18.3% $26,540 2.0% 298,000
greater than
37. Anesthesiologists 18.0% $146,500 17.9% 27,000
38. Family and General Practitioners 18.0% $118,390 17.9% 27,000
greater than
39. Internists, General 18.0% $146,500 17.9% 27,000
greater than
40. Obstetricians and Gynecologists 18.0% $146,500 17.9% 27,000
41. Pediatricians, General 18.0% $126,430 17.9% 27,000
42. Psychiatrists 18.0% $126,460 17.9% 27,000
greater than
43. Surgeons 18.0% $146,500 17.9% 27,000
44. Pest Control Workers 17.7% $23,150 22.1% 7,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Age 55 and Over
Percent
45. Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and

Housekeeping Cleaners 17.6% $17,900 13.5% 507,000
46. Chiropractors 17.3% $68,420 23.4% 3,000
47. Directors, Religious Activities and Education 17.3% $27,420 15.9% 23,000
48. Optometrists 17.3% $85,650 18.7% 1,000
49. Recreation Workers 17.3% $17,850 20.1% 32,000
50. Veterinarians 17.3% $62,000 31.8% 2,000
52. Automatic Teller Machine Servicers 16.4% $32,890 14.2% 24,000
53. Child Support, Missing Persons, and Unemploy-
ment Insurance Fraud Investigators 16.4% $50,960 16.4% 4,000
54. Police and Sheriffs Patrol Officers 16.4% $40,970 23.2% 21,000
55. Dietitians and Nutritionists 15.3% $40,410 15.2% 5,000
Secondary School 15.3% $69,240 13.4% 35,000
57. Education Administrators, Postsecondary 15.3% $61,700 13.4% 35,000
58. Education Administrators, Preschool and Child
Care Center/Program 15.3% $31,860 13.4% 35,000
59. Instructional Coordinators 15.3% $46,600 25.0% 15,000
60. Immigration and Customs Inspectors 15.2% $50,960 16.4% 4,000
61. Health Educators 15.0% $35,230 23.5% 7,000
62. Administrative Services Managers 14.7% $49,810 20.4% 31,000
63. Chief Executives 14.7% $120,450 17.2% 48,000
64. Computer and Information Systems Managers 14.7% $82,480 47.9% 28,000
65. Construction Managers 14.7% $61,050 16.3% 26,000
66. Engineering Managers 14.7% $87,490 8.0% 24,000
67. Industrial Production Managers 14.7% $64,510 6.2% 22,000
68. Private Sector Executives 14.7% $120,450 17.2% 48,000
69. Storage and Distribution Managers 14.7% $57,240 20.2% 13,000
70. Transportation Managers 14.7% $57,240 20.2% 13,000
71. Transportation, Storage, and Distribution
Managers 14.7% $57,240 20.2% 13,000
72. Gaming Managers 14.6% $53,450 30.0% fewer than 500
73. General and Operations Managers 14.6% $65,010 15.2% 235,000

Age 55 and Over
Percent
74. Medical and Health Services Managers 14.6% $59,220 32.3% 27,000
75. Network and Computer Systems Administrators 14.6% $53,770 81.9% 18,000
77. Social and Community Service Managers 14.6% $41,260 24.8% 13,000
79. Mechanical Engineers 14.4% $61,440 13.1% 7,000
80. Parking Lot Attendants 14.4% $15,690 19.8% 17,000
Sales Workers 14.2% $51,490 5.8% 41,000
84. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales
Workers 14.2% $28,590 8.1% 206,000
85. Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators 14.2% $34,160 6.9% 25,000
86. Bakers, Manufacturing 14.0% $20,440 16.8% 25,000
91. Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 13.9% $28,740 4.7% 103,000
92. Precision Dyers 13.9% $16,360 11.4% 62,000
94. Legal Secretaries 13.8% $34,610 20.3% 36,000
95. Medical Secretaries 13.8% $24,670 19.0% 40,000
Teachers and Instructors 13.7% $35,220 19.4% 12,000
97. Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 13.7% $23,340 40.3% 19,000
98. Self-Enrichment Education Teachers 13.7% $28,880 18.5% 34,000
99. Vocational Education Teachers, Secondary
School 13.7% $43,590 13.4% 7,000
100. Caption Writers 13.6% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Overall for Workers Age 55 and Over

Percent

greater than
greater than
greater than
greater than
14. Surgeons 18.0% $146,500 17.9% 27,000
15. Psychiatrists 18.0% $126,460 17.9% 27,000
18. Caption Writers 13.6% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
19. Security Guards 21.7% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
22. Singers 19.4% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
Best-Paying Jobs for Workers Age 55 and Over

Percent
greater than
greater than
greater than
greater than
4. Surgeons 18.0% $146,500 17.9% 27,000
5. Psychiatrists 18.0% $126,460 17.9% 27,000
11. Engineering Managers 14.7% $87,490 8.0% 24,000
12. Optometrists 17.3% $85,650 18.7% 1,000
Secondary School 15.3% $69,240 13.4% 35,000
15. Chiropractors 17.3% $68,420 23.4% 3,000
17. Industrial Production Managers 14.7% $64,510 6.2% 22,000
18. Veterinarians 17.3% $62,000 31.8% 2,000
19. Education Administrators, Postsecondary 15.3% $61,700 13.4% 35,000
21. Construction Managers 14.7% $61,050 16.3% 26,000
24. Storage and Distribution Managers 14.7% $57,240 20.2% 13,000
25. Transportation Managers 14.7% $57,240 20.2% 13,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Fastest-Growing Jobs for Workers Age 55 and Over

Percent

6. Security Guards 21.7% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
8. Veterinarians 17.3% $62,000 31.8% 2,000
12. Caption Writers 13.6% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
13. Instructional Coordinators 15.3% $46,600 25.0% 15,000
20. Chiropractors 17.3% $68,420 23.4% 3,000
21. Police and Sheriffs Patrol Officers 16.4% $40,970 23.2% 21,000
Jobs with the Most Openings for Workers Age 55

and Over
Percent

6. Security Guards 21.7% $18,600 35.4% 242,000
8. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail
Sales Workers 14.2% $28,590 8.1% 206,000
18. Precision Dyers 13.9% $16,360 11.4% 62,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________

Part-Time Workers
Look over the list of 100 jobs with high percentages of part-time workers and you will find
some interesting things. For example, seven of the top twenty involve music, which leads one
to think that many people working in the music business do so less than full time. In some
cases, people work part time in these jobs because they want the freedom of time this arrange-
ment can provide, but others may do so because they cant find full-time employment in these
areas. These folks may work in other full- or part-time jobs to make ends meet. If you want to
work part time now or in the future, these lists will help you identify jobs that are more likely
to provide that opportunity. If you want full-time work, the lists may also help you identify
jobs for which such opportunities are more difficult to find. In either case, its good informa-
tion to know in advance.
The 100 Jobs with the Highest Percentage of

Part-Time Workers
Percent
Part-Time Annual Percent Annual
Job Workers Earnings Growth Openings

6. Cashiers 57.2% $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000
9. Composers 53.5% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
11. Music Directors 53.5% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
15. Singers 53.5% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
18. Gaming Dealers 48.8% $13,680 32.4% 28,000

Part-Time Workers
Percent

21. Flight Attendants 45.7% $40,600 18.4% 8,000
24. Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 43.3% $28,060 17.4% 24,000
25. Bartenders 43.1% $14,610 13.4% 84,000
School 42.5% $43,590 13.4% 7,000
34. Costume Attendants 40.1% $23,570 19.1% 8,000
37. Bakers, Bread and Pastry 38.5% $20,440 16.8% 25,000
Movers, Hand 38.4% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
and Coffee Shop 38.3% $14,920 13.0% 84,000
Caretakers 38.1% $17,470 39.8% 8,000
45. Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 36.5% $18,260 13.0% 78,000
46. Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance 36.5% $30,240 11.4% 27,000
47. Manicurists and Pedicurists 36.5% $16,700 26.5% 5,000
48. File Clerks 36.1% $19,490 9.1% 49,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Part-Time Workers
Percent

Education 32.4% $38,740 14.5% 23,000
61. Travel Clerks 31.7% $24,090 14.5% 39,000
71. Registered Nurses 26.3% $46,670 25.6% 140,000
Agricultural Crop Workers 25.6% $33,330 13.0% 8,000
Landscaping Workers 25.6% $32,100 20.1% 10,000

Part-Time Workers
Percent

78. Actors 25.3% $20,540 26.7% 20,000
79. Athletes and Sports Competitors 25.3% $43,730 22.5% 3,000
80. Coaches and Scouts 25.3% $29,020 17.6% 19,000
and Radio 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
82. Film and Video Editors 25.3% $36,910 25.8% 2,000
83. Producers 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
84. Producers and Directors 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
85. Program Directors 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
86. Public Relations Specialists 25.3% $41,010 36.1% 19,000
87. Talent Directors 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
88. Technical Directors/Managers 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
89. Occupational Therapist Assistants 24.9% $35,840 39.7% 3,000
90. Pharmacy Aides 24.9% $18,010 19.5% 9,000
91. Pharmacists 24.6% $74,890 24.3% 20,000
92. Physician Assistants 24.6% $63,970 53.5% 5,000
93. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Land-
scaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping
Workers 24.5% $32,100 20.1% 10,000
96. Graphic Designers 24.0% $36,020 26.7% 28,000
97. Multi-Media Artists and Animators 24.0% $42,270 22.2% 8,000
98. Clinical Psychologists 23.4% $50,420 18.1% 18,000
99. Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists 23.4% $50,420 18.1% 18,000
100. Counseling Psychologists 23.4% $50,420 18.1% 18,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Overall Part-Time Jobs

Percent

3. Pharmacists 24.6% $74,890 24.3% 20,000
8. Singers 53.5% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
and Radio 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
20. Producers 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
Best-Paying Part-Time Jobs

Percent
1. Pharmacists 24.6% $74,890 24.3% 20,000

and Radio 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
9. Producers 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
School 42.5% $43,590 13.4% 7,000
24. Singers 53.5% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Fastest-Growing Part-Time Jobs

Percent

Caretakers 38.1% $17,470 39.8% 8,000
17. Gaming Dealers 48.8% $13,680 32.4% 28,000
and Radio 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
21. Producers 25.3% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
Part-Time Jobs with the Most Openings

Percent
1. Cashiers 57.2% $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000

Movers, Hand 38.4% $19,440 13.9% 519,000
and Coffee Shop 62.9% $14,760 14.4% 216,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs with a High Percentage of Self-

Employed Workers
More than 10 percent of the workforce is self-employed. Although you may think of the self-
employed as having similar jobs, they actually work in an enormous range of situations, fields,
and work environments that you may not have considered.
Among the self-employed are people who own small or large businesses; professionals such as
lawyers, psychologists, and medical doctors; part-time workers; people working on a contract
basis for one or more employers; people running home consulting or other businesses; and
people in many other situations. They may go to the same office every day, like an attorney
might; visit multiple employers during the course of a week; or do most of their work from
home. Some work part time, others full time, some as a way to have fun, some so they can
spend time with their kids or go to school.
The point is that there is an enormous range of situations, and one of them could make sense
for you now or in the future.

Self-Employed Workers
Percent
Self-
Employed Annual Percent Annual

2. Real Estate Sales Agents 69.7% $28,570 9.5% 28,000
6. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Land-
scaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping
Workers 58.8% $32,100 20.1% 10,000
8. Chiropractors 57.7% $68,420 23.4% 3,000

Percent
Self-

18. Interior Designers 46.3% $39,580 17.4% 7,000
21. Painters, Construction and Maintenance 45.8% $28,420 19.1% 67,000
22. Paperhangers 45.8% $31,330 20.2% 3,000
24. Tile and Marble Setters 44.0% $35,390 15.6% 5,000
25. Photographers 43.8% $23,040 17.0% 13,000
26. Photographers, Scientific 43.8% $23,040 17.0% 13,000
27. Professional Photographers 43.8% $23,040 17.0% 13,000
31. Educational Psychologists 43.7% $50,420 18.1% 18,000
32. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists 43.7% $66,010 18.1% 18,000
34. Veterinarians 39.6% $62,000 31.8% 2,000
35. Chefs and Head Cooks 37.5% $26,800 9.0% 35,000
36. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food
Preparation and Serving Workers 37.5% $23,600 12.7% 136,000
37. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal
Service Workers 37.5% $28,040 15.1% 8,000
38. Food Service Managers 37.5% $33,630 15.0% 55,000
39. Optometrists 37.5% $85,650 18.7% 1,000
Sales Workers 36.9% $51,490 5.8% 41,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Percent
Self-

Sales Workers 36.9% $28,590 8.1% 206,000
43. Boat Builders and Shipwrights 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
44. Brattice Builders 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
45. Carpenter Assemblers and Repairers 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
46. Carpenters 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
47. Construction Carpenters 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
48. Rough Carpenters 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
49. Ship Carpenters and Joiners 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
50. Lawyers 36.0% $88,760 18.0% 35,000
51. Art Directors 31.9% $59,800 21.1% 6,000
52. Commercial and Industrial Designers 31.9% $49,820 23.8% 7,000
53. Exhibit Designers 31.9% $33,460 27.0% 2,000
54. Fashion Designers 31.9% $49,530 20.3% 2,000
55. Floral Designers 31.9% $19,280 14.9% 15,000
56. Set and Exhibit Designers 31.9% $33,460 27.0% 2,000
57. Set Designers 31.9% $33,460 27.0% 2,000
61. Coaches and Scouts 31.4% $29,020 17.6% 19,000
62. Caption Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
63. Copy Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
64. Creative Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
65. Editors 31.2% $39,960 22.6% 14,000
66. Poets and Lyricists 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
67. Technical Writers 31.2% $49,360 29.6% 5,000
68. Writers and Authors 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
69. Roofers 30.9% $29,460 19.4% 38,000
70. Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 30.8% $55,470 18.5% 4,000
72. Brickmasons and Blockmasons 27.9% $41,590 12.5% 18,000

Percent
Self-

74. Stonemasons 27.9% $32,470 20.8% 2,000
75. Composers 25.8% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
77. Music Directors 25.8% $33,720 13.1% 9,000
81. Singers 25.8% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
83. Actors 23.7% $20,540 26.7% 20,000
and Radio 23.7% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
85. Film and Video Editors 23.7% $36,910 25.8% 2,000
86. Producers 23.7% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
91. Sales Agents, Financial Services 22.4% $59,690 22.3% 55,000
92. Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities 22.4% $59,690 22.3% 55,000
93. Securities, Commodities, and Financial
Services Sales Agents 22.4% $59,690 22.3% 55,000
94. Automotive Master Mechanics 21.6% $29,510 18.0% 104,000
95. Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 21.6% $29,510 18.0% 104,000
96. Automotive Specialty Technicians 21.6% $29,510 18.0% 104,000
97. Landscape Architects 21.6% $46,710 31.1% 1,000
98. Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 21.1% $38,950 18.0% 6,000
99. Appraisers, Real Estate 21.1% $38,950 18.0% 6,000
100. Assessors 21.1% $38,950 18.0% 6,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Overall for Self-Employed Workers

Percent
Self-

8. Lawyers 36.0% $88,760 18.0% 35,000
10. Caption Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
11. Copy Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
17. Singers 25.8% $40,320 20.1% 33,000
and Radio 23.7% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
Best-Paying Jobs for Self-Employed Workers

Percent
Self-
1. Lawyers 36.0% $88,760 18.0% 35,000

2. Optometrists 37.5% $85,650 18.7% 1,000
3. Chiropractors 57.7% $68,420 23.4% 3,000
6. Veterinarians 39.6% $62,000 31.8% 2,000
7. Art Directors 31.9% $59,800 21.1% 6,000
Sales Agents 22.4% $59,690 22.3% 55,000
13. Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 30.8% $55,470 18.5% 4,000
Sales Workers 36.9% $51,490 5.8% 41,000
21. Educational Psychologists 43.7% $50,420 18.1% 18,000
22. Commercial and Industrial Designers 31.9% $49,820 23.8% 7,000
23. Fashion Designers 31.9% $49,530 20.3% 2,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Fastest-Growing Jobs for Self-Employed Workers

Percent
Self-

3. Veterinarians 39.6% $62,000 31.8% 2,000
9. Caption Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
10. Copy Writers 31.2% $42,450 28.4% 18,000
and Radio 23.7% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
15. Producers 23.7% $45,090 27.1% 11,000
20. Exhibit Designers 31.9% $33,460 27.0% 2,000
21. Set and Exhibit Designers 31.9% $33,460 27.0% 2,000
22. Set Designers 31.9% $33,460 27.0% 2,000
23. Actors 23.7% $20,540 26.7% 20,000
Jobs with the Most Openings for Self-Employed

Workers
Percent
Self-

Sales Workers 36.9% $28,590 8.1% 206,000
8. Carpenters 36.8% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
Preparation and Serving Workers 37.5% $23,600 12.7% 136,000
19. Food Service Managers 37.5% $33,630 15.0% 55,000
Sales Workers 36.9% $51,490 5.8% 41,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Employing a High Percentage

of Women
These are our most controversial lists, and we knew we would create some controversy
when we first included the best jobs lists with high percentages of men and women in
earlier editions. But these lists are not meant to restrict women or men from considering job
optionsour reason for including these lists is exactly the opposite. We hope the lists help
people see possibilities that they might not otherwise have considered.
The fact is that jobs with high percentages of women or high percentages of men offer good
opportunities for both men and women if they want to do one of these jobs. So we suggest
that women browse the lists of jobs that employ high percentages of men and that men
browse the lists of jobs with high percentages of women. There are jobs among both lists that
pay well, and women or men who are interested in them and who have or can obtain the
necessary education and training should consider them.
An interesting and unfortunate tidbit to bring up at your next party is that the average earn-
ings for the 100 jobs with the highest percentage of women is $30,624, compared to average
earnings of $35,065 for the 100 jobs with the highest percentage of men.
The 100 Jobs Employing the Highest Percentage

of Women
Job Women Earnings Growth Openings

2. Medical Secretaries 98.8% $24,670 19.0% 40,000
Education 98.0% $38,740 14.5% 23,000
7. Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational
Nurses 94.9% $30,670 20.3% 58,000

of Women

20. Travel Clerks 88.4% $24,090 14.5% 39,000
23. Cost Estimators 86.5% $46,960 16.5% 28,000
24. Pharmacists 86.1% $74,890 24.3% 20,000
Education 85.5% $41,080 13.2% 144,000
29. Special Education Teachers, Middle School 83.7% $40,010 24.4% 6,000
30. Special Education Teachers, Preschool,
Kindergarten, and Elementary School 83.7% $42,110 36.8% 15,000
31. Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 83.7% $42,780 24.6% 8,000
32. Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks 82.4% $25,350 8.5% 69,000
34. Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 81.5% $35,010 34.9% 3,000
35. Dental Hygienists 81.5% $54,700 37.1% 5,000
36. Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 81.5% $23,170 31.3% 19,000
37. Medical Assistants 81.5% $23,610 57.0% 18,700
38. Medical Records and Health Information
Technicians 81.5% $23,530 49.0% 14,000
39. Medical Transcriptionists 81.5% $26,460 29.8% 15,000
40. Pharmacy Technicians 81.5% $21,630 36.4% 22,000
41. Surgical Technologists 81.5% $30,090 34.7% 8,000
44. Pharmacy Aides 81.0% $18,010 19.5% 9,000
46. Cashiers 79.8% $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

of Women
48. Paralegals and Legal Assistants 79.8% $36,670 33.2% 23,000
49. File Clerks 78.7% $19,490 9.1% 49,000
and Timekeeping 78.1% $29,470 19.3% 25,000
55. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 77.7% $46,980 26.1% 3,000
56. Dietetic Technicians 77.7% $21,790 27.6% 3,000
57. Respiratory Therapy Technicians 77.7% $33,840 34.6% 3,000
59. Statement Clerks 77.1% $25,350 8.5% 69,000
60. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 76.8% $28,810 19.0% 19,000
61. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 76.8% $42,240 17.0% 19,000
62. Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine
Operators 75.5% $25,350 8.5% 69,000
63. Billing, Posting, and Calculating Machine
Operators 75.5% $25,350 8.5% 69,000
64. Customer Service Representatives, Utilities 75.5% $25,430 32.4% 359,000
65. Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 75.5% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
66. Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 74.8% $42,440 15.1% 25,000
67. Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty
Insurance 74.8% $42,440 15.1% 25,000
68. Court Clerks 74.8% $27,090 12.0% 14,000
69. Court, Municipal, and License Clerks 74.8% $27,090 12.0% 14,000
70. Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and
Investigators 74.8% $42,440 15.1% 25,000
71. License Clerks 74.8% $27,090 12.0% 14,000
72. Municipal Clerks 74.8% $27,090 12.0% 14,000

of Women

77. Audiologists 74.2% $46,900 44.7% 1,000
78. Massage Therapists 74.2% $28,050 30.4% 7,000
79. Occupational Therapists 74.2% $51,370 33.9% 4,000
80. Physical Therapists 74.2% $56,570 33.3% 6,000
81. Respiratory Therapists 74.2% $39,370 34.8% 4,000
82. Speech-Language Pathologists 74.2% $48,520 39.2% 4,000
83. Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder
Counselors 74.2% $29,870 35.0% 7,000
84. Nuclear Medicine Technologists 74.0% $47,400 22.4% 1,000
85. Radiation Therapists 74.0% $49,050 22.8% 1,000
86. Radiologic Technicians 74.0% $37,680 23.1% 13,000
87. Radiologic Technologists 74.0% $37,680 23.1% 13,000
88. Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 74.0% $37,680 23.1% 13,000
and Coffee Shop 73.4% $14,760 14.4% 216,000
90. Child, Family, and School Social Workers 69.3% $32,950 26.9% 35,000
91. Medical and Public Health Social Workers 69.3% $36,410 31.6% 13,000
92. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social
Workers 69.3% $32,080 39.1% 10,000
Specialists 69.3% $38,780 23.8% 14,000
95. Educational, Vocational, and School Counselors 67.8% $43,470 25.3% 22,000
96. Marriage and Family Therapists 67.8% $32,720 29.9% 2,000
97. Mental Health Counselors 67.8% $29,050 21.7% 7,000
98. Rehabilitation Counselors 67.8% $25,610 23.6% 12,000
99. Residential Advisors 67.8% $19,680 24.0% 9,000
and Coffee Shop 66.9% $14,920 13.0% 84,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Overall Employing High Percentages

of Women

5. Pharmacists 86.1% $74,890 24.3% 20,000
7. Child, Family, and School Social Workers 69.3% $32,950 26.9% 35,000
8. Paralegals and Legal Assistants 79.8% $36,670 33.2% 23,000
15. Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational
Nurses 94.9% $30,670 20.3% 58,000
22. Cost Estimators 86.5% $46,960 16.5% 28,000
23. Medical and Public Health Social Workers 69.3% $36,410 31.6% 13,000
Education 85.5% $41,080 13.2% 144,000
Specialists 69.3% $38,780 23.8% 14,000
Best-Paying Jobs Employing High Percentages

of Women
1. Pharmacists 86.1% $74,890 24.3% 20,000

3. Physical Therapists 74.2% $56,570 33.3% 6,000
6. Radiation Therapists 74.0% $49,050 22.8% 1,000
8. Nuclear Medicine Technologists 74.0% $47,400 22.4% 1,000
9. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 77.7% $46,980 26.1% 3,000
10. Cost Estimators 86.5% $46,960 16.5% 28,000
11. Audiologists 74.2% $46,900 44.7% 1,000
14. Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 83.7% $42,780 24.6% 8,000
15. Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 74.8% $42,440 15.1% 25,000
16. Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty
Insurance 74.8% $42,440 15.1% 25,000
17. Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and
Investigators 74.8% $42,440 15.1% 25,000
19. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 76.8% $42,240 17.0% 19,000
Education 85.5% $41,080 13.2% 144,000
24. Special Education Teachers, Middle School 83.7% $40,010 24.4% 6,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Fastest-Growing Jobs Employing High Percentages

of Women

2. Medical Assistants 81.5% $23,610 57.0% 18,700
5. Medical Records and Health Information
Technicians 81.5% $23,530 49.0% 14,000
9. Audiologists 74.2% $46,900 44.7% 1,000
12. Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Social Workers 69.3% $32,080 39.1% 10,000
16. Pharmacy Technicians 81.5% $21,630 36.4% 22,000
18. Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder
Counselors 74.2% $29,870 35.0% 7,000
19. Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 81.5% $35,010 34.9% 3,000
21. Surgical Technologists 81.5% $30,090 34.7% 8,000
22. Respiratory Therapy Technicians 77.7% $33,840 34.6% 3,000
Jobs with the Most Openings Employing High

Percentages of Women
1. Cashiers 79.8% $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000

5. Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 75.5% $19,060 8.5% 467,000
Education 85.5% $41,080 13.2% 144,000
and Coffee Shop 66.9% $14,920 13.0% 84,000
24. Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine
Operators 75.5% $25,350 8.5% 69,000
25. Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks 82.4% $25,350 8.5% 69,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Employing a High Percentage

of Men
If you have not already read the intro to the previous group of lists, jobs with high percentages
of women, consider doing so. Much of the content there applies to these lists as well.
We did not include these groups of lists with the assumption that men should consider jobs
with high percentages of men or that women should consider jobs with high percentages of
women. Instead, these lists are here because we think they are interesting and perhaps helpful
in considering nontraditional career options. For example, some men would do very well in
and enjoy some of the jobs with high percentages of women but may not have considered
them seriously. In a similar way, some women would very much enjoy and do well in some
jobs that traditionally have been held by high percentages of men. We hope that these lists
help you consider options that you simply did not seriously consider as a result of gender
stereotypes.

of Men
Job Men Earnings Growth Openings
1. Roofers 99.8% $29,460 19.4% 38,000

2. Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine
Specialists 99.6% $33,570 14.2% 20,000
3. Pipe Fitters 99.3% $38,710 10.2% 49,000
4. Plumbers 99.3% $38,710 10.2% 49,000
5. Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 99.3% $38,710 10.2% 49,000
6. Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics 99.2% $34,020 22.3% 21,000
Mechanics and Installers 99.2% $34,020 22.3% 21,000
8. Refrigeration Mechanics 99.2% $34,020 22.3% 21,000
12. Carpenters 99.0% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
13. Ceiling Tile Installers 99.0% $33,000 9.4% 19,000

of Men

22. Stonemasons 98.7% $32,470 20.8% 2,000
23. Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers 98.6% $34,750 17.5% 4,000
24. Structural Iron and Steel Workers 98.6% $38,950 18.4% 12,000
25. Operating Engineers 98.3% $34,160 6.9% 25,000
26. Electricians 98.2% $40,770 17.3% 66,000
27. Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except
Engines 98.2% $35,190 14.0% 11,000
30. Tile and Marble Setters 97.7% $35,390 15.6% 5,000
31. Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators 97.3% $34,160 6.9% 25,000
33. Paperhangers 97.3% $31,330 20.2% 3,000
34. Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 97.1% $23,850 16.6% 34,000
35. Construction Laborers 97.0% $24,070 17.0% 236,000
36. Segmental Pavers 97.0% $26,170 26.7% 21,000
37. Commercial Divers 96.9% $32,770 11.5% 16,000
38. Pipelaying Fitters 96.9% $38,710 10.2% 49,000
39. Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians 96.9% $26,410 25.4% 4,000
40. Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers 96.9% $30,490 23.4% 4,000
41. Team Assemblers 96.9% $22,260 5.9% 283,000
42. Commercial Pilots 96.8% $47,420 26.9% 1,000
43. Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
Brickmasons 96.7% $35,130 11.5% 16,000
masons, and Tile and Marble Setters 96.6% $23,620 14.1% 14,000
45. HelpersElectricians 96.6% $22,160 13.3% 27,000
and Steamfitters 96.6% $21,830 11.5% 20,000
47. Machinists 95.5% $32,090 9.1% 28,000
48. Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 95.5% $32,580 19.8% 240,000
49. Truck Drivers, Heavy 95.5% $32,580 19.8% 240,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

of Men
50. Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services 95.5% $23,330 19.2% 153,000
51. Welder-Fitters 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
52. Welders and Cutters 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
53. Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
54. Welders, Production 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
55. Welding Machine Operators and Tenders 95.5% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
56. Welding Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators 95.5% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
57. Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine
Setters, Operators, and Tenders 95.5% $28,220 15.1% 9,000
59. Insulation Workers, Mechanical 95.4% $28,000 13.6% 12,000
60. Aircraft Body and Bonded Structure Repairers 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
61. Aircraft Engine Specialists 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
62. Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
63. Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
65. Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and
System Operators 94.8% $32,560 18.1% 6,000
66. Office Machine and Cash Register Servicers 94.3% $32,890 14.2% 24,000
67. Elevator Installers and Repairers 94.2% $51,630 17.2% 2,000
69. Computer Hardware Engineers 93.5% $71,560 24.9% 3,000
70. Electrical Engineers 93.5% $66,890 11.3% 8,000
71. Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 93.5% $68,350 10.4% 6,000
72. Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision 93.5% $28,000 19.5% 20,000
73. Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 93.1% $25,350 11.3% 91,000
74. Sheet Metal Workers 92.8% $33,210 23.0% 13,000
76. Mapping Technicians 91.8% $28,210 25.3% 7,000
77. Surveying and Mapping Technicians 91.8% $28,210 25.3% 7,000
78. Surveying Technicians 91.8% $28,210 25.3% 7,000
Construction Trades Workers 91.0% $46,570 16.5% 43,000
Extractive Workers 91.0% $46,570 16.5% 43,000

of Men

Trades and Extraction Workers 91.0% $46,570 16.5% 43,000
82. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers,
Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 91.0% $36,090 18.9% 14,000
Installers, and Repairers 91.0% $46,320 16.0% 38,000
84. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production
and Operating Workers 91.0% $42,000 1.0% 71,000
85. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Transpor-
tation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle
Operators 91.0% $41,140 19.9% 17,000
86. Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 90.4% $31,800 32.8% 9,000
87. Irradiated-Fuel Handlers 90.4% $31,800 32.8% 9,000
Equipment Operators 90.4% $34,160 6.9% 25,000
90. Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators 89.7% $36,810 14.9% 9,000
91. Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders 89.7% $36,810 14.9% 9,000
92. Chemical Equipment Tenders 89.7% $36,810 14.9% 9,000
93. Biomedical Engineers 89.6% $59,790 31.4% fewer than 500
94. Environmental Engineers 89.6% $61,250 26.0% 3,000
95. Sales Engineers 89.6% $59,720 17.7% 4,000
98. Clergy 88.6% $33,840 15.0% 12,000
and Detectives 88.0% $59,300 13.1% 9,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Overall Employing High Percentages of Men


3. Electricians 98.2% $40,770 17.3% 66,000
16. Welder-Fitters 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
19. Welders, Production 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
20. Roofers 99.8% $29,460 19.4% 38,000
Operators 91.0% $41,140 19.9% 17,000
Best-Paying Jobs Employing High Percentages of Men


2. Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 93.5% $68,350 10.4% 6,000
3. Electrical Engineers 93.5% $66,890 11.3% 8,000
7. Sales Engineers 89.6% $59,720 17.7% 4,000
and Detectives 88.0% $59,300 13.1% 9,000
9. Elevator Installers and Repairers 94.2% $51,630 17.2% 2,000
16. Aircraft Body and Bonded Structure Repairers 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
17. Aircraft Engine Specialists 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
18. Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
19. Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics 95.2% $41,990 16.7% 11,000
Operators 91.0% $41,140 19.9% 17,000
22. Electricians 98.2% $40,770 17.3% 66,000
23. Structural Iron and Steel Workers 98.6% $38,950 18.4% 12,000
24. Pipe Fitters 99.3% $38,710 10.2% 49,000
25. Pipelaying Fitters 96.9% $38,710 10.2% 49,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Fastest-Growing Jobs Employing High Percentages

of Men
1. Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 90.4% $31,800 32.8% 9,000

2. Irradiated-Fuel Handlers 90.4% $31,800 32.8% 9,000
8. Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians 96.9% $26,410 25.4% 4,000
9. Mapping Technicians 91.8% $28,210 25.3% 7,000
10. Surveying and Mapping Technicians 91.8% $28,210 25.3% 7,000
11. Surveying Technicians 91.8% $28,210 25.3% 7,000
14. Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers 96.9% $30,490 23.4% 4,000
15. Sheet Metal Workers 92.8% $33,210 23.0% 13,000
19. Stonemasons 98.7% $32,470 20.8% 2,000
20. Paperhangers 97.3% $31,330 20.2% 3,000
Operators 91.0% $41,140 19.9% 17,000
25. Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision 93.5% $28,000 19.5% 20,000
Jobs with the Most Openings Employing High

Percentages of Men
1. Team Assemblers 96.9% $22,260 5.9% 283,000

9. Carpenters 99.0% $33,470 8.2% 161,000
18. Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 93.1% $25,350 11.3% 91,000
22. Electricians 98.2% $40,770 17.3% 66,000
23. Welder-Fitters 95.5% $28,490 19.3% 51,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Lists Based on Levels of Education

and Experience
The lists in this section organize the 500 best jobs into groups based on the education or
training typically required for entry. Unlike many of the previous sections, here we do not
include separate lists for highest pay, growth, or number of openings. Instead, we provide one
list that includes all the occupations in our database that fit into each of the education levels
and ranks them by their total combined score for earnings, growth, and number of openings.
These lists can help you identify a job with higher earnings or upward mobility but with a
similar level of education to the job you now hold. For example, you will find jobs within the
same level of education that require similar skills, yet one pays significantly better than the
other, is projected to grow more rapidly, or has significantly more job openings per year. This
information can help you leverage your present skills and experience into jobs that might
provide better long-term career opportunities.
You can also use these lists to explore possible job options if you were to get additional train-
ing, education, or work experience. For example, you can use these lists to identify occupa-
tions that offer high potential and then look into the education or training required to get the
jobs that interest you most.
The lists can also help you when you plan your education. For example, you might be think-
ing about a particular training program or college major because the pay is very good, but the
lists may help you identify a job that interests you more and offers even better potential for
the same general educational requirements.
The Education Levels

A clear relationship exists between education and earningsthe more education or training
you have, the more you are likely to earn. The lists that follow arrange all the jobs that met
our criteria for inclusion in this book (see the Introduction) by level of education, training,
and work experience. These are the levels typically required for a new entrant to begin work
in the occupation.
We included on each list all the occupations in our database that fit into each of the education
levels. We then arranged these occupations based on their total scores for earnings, growth,
and number of openings.
Once again, our lists use the same categories used by the U.S. Department of Labor for entry
into various occupations.
Use the Lists to Locate Better Job

Opportunities
Considering jobs with similar requirements can be very helpful because it will tell you how to
leverage your present skills and experience into better-paying or more interesting opportuni-
ties. As we mentioned in the introduction to the book, doing this could, with just a bit of
effort, result in big advances in pay for doing similar work.
You can also use these lists to explore career options if you were to get additional training,
education, or work experience. For example, maybe you are a high school graduate interested
in the field of medicine. You will find jobs related to medicine at most levels of training and
education, and you can consider what jobs you might be qualified for if you were to get, say,
a year or so of training. You could then work in that field and, later, get more training for an
even better-paying job in the medical area. Or maybe you are enrolled or considering a four-
year college degree. Looking over the lists in this section can help you identify a possible area
of study or eliminate one you were considering.
The list of jobs by education should also help you when planning your education. For
example, a job as restaurant cook requires long-term, on-the-job training, but its pay is quite
modest. However, a flight attendant requires the same level of education, but the job pays
considerably more. This looks like a good reason to be a flight attendant until you note that
there are relatively few job openings per year for flight attendants, while there are many more
openings for restaurant cooks. These are also very different types of jobs, and a person who
would enjoy and be good at one job would not be likely to enjoy and do well in the other.
The following definitions are used by the federal government to classify jobs based on the
minimum level of education or training typically required for entry into a job. We use these
definitions to construct the lists in this section. Use the training and education level descrip-
tions as guidelines that can help you understand what is generally required, but understand
that you will need to learn more about specific requirements before you make a decision on
one career over another.
Short-term on-the-job training: It is possible to work in these occupations and achieve
an average level of performance within a few days or weeks through on-the-job training.
Moderate-term on-the-job training: Occupations that require this type of training can
be performed adequately after a 1- to 12-month period of combined on-the-job and
informal training. Typically, untrained workers begin by observing experienced workers
performing tasks and are gradually moved into progressively more difficult assignments.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Long-term on-the-job training: This type of training requires more than 12 months of
on-the-job training or combined work experience and formal classroom instruction. This
includes occupations that use formal apprenticeships for training workers that may take
up to four years. It also includes intensive occupation-specific, employer-sponsored
training like police academies. Furthermore, it includes occupations that require natural
talent that must be developed over many years.
Work experience in a related occupation: This type of job requires a worker to have
experienceusually several years of experiencein a related occupation (such as police
detectives, who are selected based on their experience as police patrol officers).
Postsecondary vocational training: This training requirement can vary in length; training
usually lasts from a few months up to one year. In a few instances, there may be as many
as four years of training.
Associates degree: The associates degree usually requires 60 to 63 semester hours to
complete. A normal course load for a full-time student each semester is 15 hours. This
means that it typically takes two years to complete an associates degree.
Bachelors degree: A bachelors degree usually requires 120 to 130 semester hours to
complete. A full-time student usually takes four to five years to complete a bachelors
degree, depending on the complexity of courses. Traditionally, people have thought of
the bachelors degree as a four-year degree. There are some bachelors degreeslike the
Bachelor of Architecturethat are considered a first professional degree and take five or
more years to complete.
Work experience plus degree: Some jobs require work experience in a related job in
addition to a degree. For example, almost all managers have worked in a related job
before being promoted into a management position. Most of the jobs in this group
require a four-year bachelors degree, although some require an associates degree or a
masters degree.
Masters degree: This degree usually requires 33 to 60 semester hours beyond the
bachelors degree. The academic masters degreeslike a Master of Arts in Political
Scienceusually require 33 to 36 hours. A first professional degree at the masters
levellike a Master of Social Workrequires almost two years of full-time work.
Doctoral degree: The doctoral degree prepares students for careers that consist primarily
of theory development, research, and/or college teaching. This type of degree is typically
the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). Normally, a require-
ment for a doctoral degree is the completion of a masters degree plus an additional two
to three years of full-time coursework and a one- to two-semester research project and
paper called the dissertation. It usually takes four to five years beyond the bachelors
degree to complete a doctoral degree.
First professional degree: Some professional degrees require three or more years of
full-time academic study beyond the bachelors degree. A professional degree prepares
students for a specific profession. It uses theory and research to teach practical applica-
tions in a professional occupation. Examples of this type of degree are Doctor of Medi-
cine (M.D.) for physicians, Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) for clergy, and Juris Doctor
(J.D.) for attorneys.
Another Warning About the Data

We warned you in the Introduction to use caution in interpreting the data we use, and we
want to do it again here. The occupational data we use is the most accurate available any-
where, but it has limitations. For example, a four-year degree in accounting, finance, or a
related area is typically required for entry into the accounting profession. But some people
working as accountants dont have such a degree, and others have much more education than
the minimum required for entry.
In a similar way, people with a graduate degree will typically earn considerably more than
someone with an associates or bachelors degree. However, some people with an associates
degree earn considerably more than the average for those with higher levels of education.
In a similar way, new entrants to any job will typically earn less than the average, and some
areas of the country have lower wages overall (but may also have lower costs of living).
So as you browse the lists that follow, please use them as a way to be encouraged rather than
discouraged. Education and training are very important for success in the labor market, but so
are ability, drive, initiative, and, yes, luck.
Having said this, we encourage you to get as much education and training as you can. It used
to be that you got your schooling and never went back, but this is not a good attitude to have
now. You will probably need to continue learning new things throughout your working life.
This can be done by going to school, which is a good thing for many people to do. But there
are also many other ways to learn, such as workshops, adult education programs, certification
programs, employer training, professional conferences, Internet training, reading related
books and magazines, and many others. Upgrading your computer skillsand other technical
skillsis particularly important in our rapidly changing workplace, and you avoid doing so at
your peril.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring Short-Term On-the-Job Training


2. Security Guards $18,600 35.4% 242,000
13. Brazers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
14. Solderers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
17. Telemarketers $19,210 22.2% 145,000
and Timekeeping $29,470 19.3% 25,000
29. HelpersInstallation, Maintenance,
and Repair Workers $21,210 18.5% 35,000


Hand $19,440 13.9% 519,000
36. Cashiers $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000
Housekeeping Cleaners $17,900 13.5% 507,000
and Coffee Shop $14,760 14.4% 216,000
and Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000
44. Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000
51. Bartenders $14,610 13.4% 84,000
Caretakers $17,470 39.8% 8,000
Recordkeeping $24,690 17.9% 13,000
and Coffee Shop $14,920 13.0% 84,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

64. Marking Clerks $19,060 8.5% 467,000
and Tenders $22,340 9.8% 38,000
72. File Clerks $19,490 9.1% 49,000
73. HelpersBrickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons,
and Tile and Marble Setters $23,620 14.1% 14,000
76. Court Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
78. License Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
and Steamfitters $21,830 11.5% 20,000
Best Jobs Requiring Moderate-Term On-the-Job

Training

7. Caption Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
11. Roofers $29,460 19.4% 38,000
27. Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators,
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Training

and Supplies $54,360 7.5% 24,000
54. Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard $19,060 8.5% 467,000
56. Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Operators and
Tenders, Except Pressing $16,360 11.4% 62,000
60. Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion
Picture $28,980 25.8% 3,000

Training

Set-Up Operators $22,340 9.8% 38,000
68. Tax Preparers $27,680 17.4% 8,000
70. Paperhangers $31,330 20.2% 3,000
71. Team Assemblers $22,260 5.9% 283,000
72. Pharmacy Aides $18,010 19.5% 9,000
Set-Up Operators $28,220 15.1% 9,000
and Tenders $24,710 11.9% 18,000
80. Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters
and Set-Up Operators $24,710 11.9% 18,000
83. Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency
Medical Technicians $18,890 33.7% 3,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring Long-Term On-the-Job Training


3. Singers $40,320 20.1% 33,000
4. Electricians $40,770 17.3% 66,000
Mechanics and Installers $34,020 22.3% 21,000
14. Welder-Fitters $28,490 19.3% 51,000
22. Actors $20,540 26.7% 20,000
24. Pipe Fitters $38,710 10.2% 49,000
25. Plumbers $38,710 10.2% 49,000
27. Numerical Control Machine Tool Operators
32. Carpenters $33,470 8.2% 161,000
Best Jobs Requiring Long-Term On-the-Job Training


36. Bakers $20,440 16.8% 25,000
41. Machinists $32,090 9.1% 28,000
System Operators $32,560 18.1% 6,000
44. Photographers $23,040 17.0% 13,000
54. Stonemasons $32,470 20.8% 2,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring Work Experience in a Related Job


11. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming, Fishing,
and Forestry Workers $33,330 13.0% 89,000
16. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional
Officers $44,640 29.6% 3,000
Sales Workers $51,490 5.8% 41,000
23. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police and
Detectives $59,300 13.1% 9,000
Best Jobs Requiring Work Experience in a Related Job


Workers $28,590 8.1% 206,000
Service Workers $28,040 15.1% 8,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring Postsecondary Vocational Training


7. Gaming Dealers $13,680 32.4% 28,000
11. Civil Drafters $37,010 20.8% 12,000
13. Computer, Automated Teller, and Office
Machine Repairers $32,890 14.2% 24,000
Specialists $33,570 14.2% 20,000
25. Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators,
29. Assessors $38,950 18.0% 6,000
Best Jobs Requiring Postsecondary Vocational Training

36. Precision Dyers $16,360 11.4% 62,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring an Associates Degree


Best Jobs Requiring an Associates Degree


Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring a Bachelors Degree


Sales Agents $59,690 22.3% 55,000
9. Accountants $45,380 18.5% 100,000
11. Auditors $45,380 18.5% 100,000
18. Copy Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
Managers $36,290 22.7% 24,000
29. Cost Estimators $46,960 16.5% 28,000


Education $41,080 13.2% 144,000
Specialists $38,780 23.8% 14,000
36. Editors $39,960 22.6% 14,000
48. Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers
and Instructors $35,220 19.4% 12,000
49. Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
Education $41,220 9.6% 54,000
53. Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail,
and Farm Products $43,230 12.3% 23,000
55. Chemists $51,860 19.1% 6,000
57. Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including
Health $47,330 22.3% 4,000
60. Economists $67,050 18.5% 3,000
61. Sales Engineers $59,720 17.7% 4,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

62. Budget Analysts $50,510 14.6% 8,000

66. Geologists $58,280 18.1% 3,000
67. Hydrologists $56,400 25.7% 1,000
70. Credit Analysts $41,650 16.0% 7,000
73. Biomedical Engineers $59,790 31.4% fewer than 500
74. Loan Officers $43,210 4.9% 28,000
81. Set Designers $33,460 27.0% 2,000
88. Geographers $48,410 17.2% 2,000
89. Historians $42,940 17.2% 2,000
Best Jobs Requiring Work Experience Plus Degree


4. Sales Managers $71,620 32.8% 21,000
and Radio $45,090 27.1% 11,000
17. Producers $45,090 27.1% 11,000
22. Art Directors $59,800 21.1% 6,000
Care Center/Program $31,860 13.4% 35,000
28. Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers,
and Athletes $55,550 27.9% 2,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring a Masters Degree


14. Audiologists $46,900 44.7% 1,000
19. Sociologists $54,880 17.2% 2,000
20. Composers $33,720 13.1% 9,000
21. Music Directors $33,720 13.1% 9,000
Best Jobs Requiring a Doctoral Degree


2. Biochemists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
4. Biophysicists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
7. Biologists $44,770 21.0% 5,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs Requiring a First Professional Degree

1. Pharmacists $74,890 24.3% 20,000

2. Lawyers $88,760 18.0% 35,000
7. Psychiatrists $126,460 17.9% 27,000
10. Chiropractors $68,420 23.4% 3,000
11. Veterinarians $62,000 31.8% 2,000
12. Clergy $33,840 15.0% 12,000
13. Optometrists $85,650 18.7% 1,000
Best Jobs Lists Based on Interests

This group of lists organizes the 500 best jobs into 14 interest areas. You can use these lists to
quickly identify jobs based on your interests.
Find the interest area or areas that interest you most. Then review the jobs in those areas to
identify jobs you want to explore in more detail and look up their descriptions in Part II. You
can also review interest areas where you have had past experience, education, or training to see
if other jobs in those areas would meet your current requirements.
Within each interest area, jobs are listed in order of their total combined scores based on earn-
ings (which is given double the weight), growth, and number of openings.
Note: The 14 interest areas used in these lists are those used in the Guide for Occupational Exploration. The GOE was developed by the
U.S. Department of Labor as an intuitive way to assist in career exploration. The GOEs interest areas are also used in a variety of career
assessments and information systems. Our lists use the revised GOE interest areas from the Guide for Occupational Exploration, Third
Edition, published by JIST.
Descriptions for the 14 Interest Areas

Brief descriptions for the 14 interest areas we use in the lists follow. The descriptions are from
the Guide for Occupational Exploration.
Also note that we put each of the 500 best jobs into only one interest area list, the one it fit
into best. However, many jobs could be included in more than one list, so consider reviewing
a variety of these interest areas to find jobs that you might otherwise overlook.
Arts, Entertainment, and Media: An interest in creatively expressing feelings or ideas,
in communicating news or information, or in performing. You can satisfy this interest in
several creative, verbal, or performing activities. For example, if you enjoy literature,
perhaps writing or editing would appeal to you. Do you prefer to work in the performing
arts? If so, you could direct or perform in drama, music, or dance. If you especially enjoy
the visual arts, you could become a critic in painting, sculpture, or ceramics. You may
want to use your hands to create or decorate products. You may prefer to model clothes
or develop sets for entertainment. Or you may want to participate in sports professionally
as an athlete or coach.
Science, Math, and Engineering: An interest in discovering, collecting, and analyzing
information about the natural world; in applying scientific research findings to problems
in medicine, the life sciences, and the natural sciences; in imagining and manipulating
quantitative data; and in applying technology to manufacturing, transportation, mining, and
other economic activities. You can satisfy this interest by working with the knowledge and
processes of the sciences. You may enjoy researching and developing new knowledge in
mathematics, or perhaps solving problems in the physical or life sciences would appeal to
you. You may wish to study engineering and help create new machines, processes, and
structures. If you want to work with scientific equipment and procedures, you could seek
a job in a research or testing laboratory.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Plants and Animals: An interest in working with plants and animals, usually outdoors.
You can satisfy this interest by working in farming, forestry, fishing, and related fields.
You may like doing physical work outdoors, such as on a farm. You may enjoy animals;
perhaps training or taking care of animals would appeal to you. If you have manage-
ment ability, you could own, operate, or manage a farm or related business.
Law, Law Enforcement, and Public Safety: An interest in upholding peoples rights or in
protecting people and property by using authority, inspecting, or monitoring. You can satisfy
this interest by working in law, law enforcement, firefighting, and related fields. For
example, if you enjoy mental challenge and intrigue, you could investigate crimes or fires
for a living. If you enjoy working with verbal skills, you may want to defend citizens in
court or research deeds, wills, and other legal documents. You may prefer to fight fires
and respond to other emergencies. Or, if you want more routine work, perhaps a job in
guarding or patrolling would appeal to you; if you have management ability, you could
seek a leadership position in law enforcement and the protective services. Work in the
military gives you the chance to use technical and/or leadership skills while serving your
country.
Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers: An interest in applying mechanical and electrical/
electronic principles to practical situations by use of machines or hand tools. You can satisfy
this interest working with a variety of tools, technologies, materials, and settings. If you
enjoy making machines run efficiently or fixing them when they break down, you could
seek a job installing or repairing such devices as copiers, aircraft engines, automobiles, or
watches. You may instead prefer to deal directly with certain materials and find work
cutting and shaping metal or wood. Or, if electricity and electronics interest you, you
could install cables, troubleshoot telephone networks, or repair videocassette recorders.
If you prefer routine or physical work in settings other than factories, perhaps work
repairing tires or batteries would appeal to you.
Construction, Mining, and Drilling: An interest in assembling components of buildings and
other structures or in using mechanical devices to drill or excavate. If construction interests
you, you can find fulfillment in the many building projects that are being undertaken at
all times. If you like to organize and plan, you can find careers in management. On the
other hand, you can play a more direct role in putting up and finishing buildings by
doing jobs such as plumbing, carpentry, masonry, painting, or roofing. You may like
working at a mine or oilfield, operating the powerful drilling or digging equipment.
There are also several jobs that let you put your hands to the task.
Transportation: An interest in operations that move people or materials. You can satisfy this
interest by managing a transportation service, by helping vehicles keep on their assigned
schedules and routes, or by driving or piloting a vehicle. If you enjoy taking responsibil-
ity, perhaps managing a rail line would appeal to you. If you work well with details and
can take pressure on the job, you might consider being an air traffic controller. Or would
you rather get out on the highway, on the water, or up in the air? If so, then you could
drive a truck from state to state, sail down the Mississippi on a barge, or fly a crop duster
over a cornfield. If you prefer to stay closer to home, you could drive a delivery van, taxi,
or school bus. You can use your physical strength to load freight and arrange it so it gets
to its destination in one piece.
Industrial Production: An interest in repetitive, concrete, organized activities most often done
in a factory setting. You can satisfy this interest by working in one of many industries that
mass-produce goods or for a utility that distributes electric power, gas, telephone service,
and related services. You may enjoy manual work, using your hands or hand tools.
Perhaps you prefer to operate machines. You may like to inspect, sort, count, or weigh
products. Using your training and experience to set up machines or supervise other
workers may appeal to you.
Business Detail: An interest in organized, clearly defined activities requiring accuracy and
attention to details, primarily in an office setting. You can satisfy this interest in a variety of
jobs in which you attend to the details of a business operation. You may enjoy using your
math skills; if so, perhaps a job in billing, computing, or financial record-keeping would
satisfy you. If you prefer to deal with people, you may want a job in which you meet the
public, talk on the telephone, or supervise other workers. You may like to do word
processing on a computer, turn out copies on a duplicating machine, or work out sums
on a calculator. Perhaps a job in filing or recording would satisfy you. Or you may wish
to use your training and experience to manage an office.
Sales and Marketing: An interest in bringing others to a particular point of view by personal
persuasion, using sales and promotional techniques. You can satisfy this interest in a variety
of sales and marketing jobs. If you like using technical knowledge of science or agricul-
ture, you may enjoy selling technical products or services. Or perhaps you are more
interested in selling business-related services, such as insurance coverage, advertising
space, or investment opportunities. Real estate offers several kinds of sales jobs. Perhaps
youd rather work with something you can pick up and show to people. You may work in
stores, sales offices, or customers homes.
Recreation, Travel, and Other Personal Services: An interest in catering to the personal
wishes and needs of others so that they may enjoy cleanliness, good food and drink, comfortable
lodging away from home, and enjoyable recreation. You can satisfy this interest by providing
services for the convenience, feeding, and pampering of others in hotels, restaurants,
airplanes, and so on. If you enjoy improving the appearance of others, perhaps working
in the hair and beauty care field would satisfy you. You may wish to provide personal
services such as taking care of small children, tailoring garments, or ushering. Or you may
use your knowledge of the field to manage workers who are providing these services.
Education and Social Service: An interest in teaching people or improving their social or
spiritual well-being. You can satisfy this interest by teaching students, who may be
preschoolers, retirees, or any age in between. Or, if you are interested in helping people
sort out their complicated lives, you may find fulfillment as a counselor, social worker, or
religious worker. Working in a museum or library may give you opportunities to expand
peoples understanding of the world. If you also have an interest in business, you may
find satisfaction in managerial work in this field.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
General Management and Support: An interest in making an organization run smoothly.

You can satisfy this interest by working in a position of leadership or by specializing in a
function that contributes to the overall effort. The organization may be a profit-making
business, a non-profit, or a government agency. If you especially enjoy working with
people, you may find fulfillment from working in human resources. An interest in
numbers may cause you to consider accounting, finance, budgeting, or purchasing. Or
perhaps you would enjoy managing the organizations physical resources (such as land,
buildings, equipment, and utilities).
Medical and Health Services: An interest in helping people be healthy. You can satisfy this
interest by working in a health-care team as a doctor, therapist, or nurse. You might
specialize in one of the many different parts of the body or types of care, or you might be
a generalist who deals with the whole patient. If you like technology, you might find
satisfaction working with X rays, one of the electronic means of diagnosis, or clinical
laboratory testing. You might work with healthy people, helping them stay in condition
through exercise and eating right. If you like to organize, analyze, and plan, a managerial
role might be right for you.
Best Jobs for People Interested in Arts, Entertainment,

and Media

3. Caption Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
4. Copy Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
10. Singers $40,320 20.1% 33,000
and Radio $45,090 27.1% 11,000
12. Producers $45,090 27.1% 11,000
17. Editors $39,960 22.6% 14,000
21. Art Directors $59,800 21.1% 6,000
22. Actors $20,540 26.7% 20,000
26. Agents and Business Managers of Artists,
Performers, and Athletes $55,550 27.9% 2,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
Best Jobs for People Interested in Arts, Entertainment,

and Media

35. Set Designers $33,460 27.0% 2,000
36. Photographers $23,040 17.0% 13,000
38. Camera Operators, Television, Video,
and Motion Picture $28,980 25.8% 3,000
40. Composers $33,720 13.1% 9,000
42. Music Directors $33,720 13.1% 9,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Science, Math, and

Engineering

15. Civil Drafters $37,010 20.8% 12,000
17. Biochemists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
19. Biophysicists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
23. Chemists $51,860 19.1% 6,000
27. Biologists $44,770 21.0% 5,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
Best Jobs for People Interested in Science, Math, and

Engineering

40. Economists $67,050 18.5% 3,000
44. Sales Engineers $59,720 17.7% 4,000
45. Geologists $58,280 18.1% 3,000
47. Hydrologists $56,400 25.7% 1,000
54. Biomedical Engineers $59,790 31.4% fewer than 500
61. Sociologists $54,880 17.2% 2,000
65. Geographers $48,410 17.2% 2,000
68. Historians $42,940 17.2% 2,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Plants and Animals


Fishing, and Forestry Workers $33,330 13.0% 89,000
3. Veterinarians $62,000 31.8% 2,000
Caretakers $17,470 39.8% 8,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People Interested in Law,

Law Enforcement, and Public Safety
1. Lawyers $88,760 18.0% 35,000

4. Security Guards $18,600 35.4% 242,000
11. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional
Officers $44,640 29.6% 3,000
Detectives $59,300 13.1% 9,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Being Mechanics,

Installers, and Repairers

6. Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics
and Installers $34,020 22.3% 21,000
Workers $21,210 18.5% 35,000
10. Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine
Repairers $32,890 14.2% 24,000
13. Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists $33,570 14.2% 20,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People Interested in Construction,

Mining, and Drilling
1. Electricians $40,770 17.3% 66,000

7. Roofers $29,460 19.4% 38,000
13. Pipe Fitters $38,710 10.2% 49,000
15. Plumbers $38,710 10.2% 49,000
21. Carpenters $33,470 8.2% 161,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Construction,

Mining, and Drilling

35. Paperhangers $31,330 20.2% 3,000
masons, and Tile and Marble Setters $23,620 14.1% 14,000
41. Stonemasons $32,470 20.8% 2,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People Interested in Transportation


Emergency Medical Technicians $18,890 33.7% 3,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Industrial Production

1. Brazers $28,490 19.3% 51,000

2. Solderers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
3. Welder-Fitters $28,490 19.3% 51,000
9. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers,
Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand $36,090 18.9% 14,000
13. Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators,
Hand $19,440 13.9% 519,000
24. Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
29. Machinists $32,090 9.1% 28,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
Best Jobs for People Interested in Industrial Production


and Tenders $22,340 9.8% 38,000
Set-Up Operators $22,340 9.8% 38,000
42. Team Assemblers $22,260 5.9% 283,000
Set-Up Operators $28,220 15.1% 9,000
and Tenders $24,710 11.9% 18,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Business Detail


and Timekeeping $29,470 19.3% 25,000
22. Cashiers $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000
23. Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000
Recordkeeping $24,690 17.9% 13,000
31. Marking Clerks $19,060 8.5% 467,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
Best Jobs for People Interested in Business Detail


or Storage Yard $19,060 8.5% 467,000
36. Tax Preparers $27,680 17.4% 8,000
37. File Clerks $19,490 9.1% 49,000
39. Court Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
41. License Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Sales and Marketing


Sales Agents $59,690 22.3% 55,000
4. Sales Managers $71,620 32.8% 21,000
8. Telemarketers $19,210 22.2% 145,000
Sales Workers $51,490 5.8% 41,000
16. Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and
Supplies $54,360 7.5% 24,000
Sales Workers $28,590 8.1% 206,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People Interested in Recreation, Travel,

and Other Personal Services

7. Gaming Dealers $13,680 32.4% 28,000
13. Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and House-
keeping Cleaners $17,900 13.5% 507,000
and Coffee Shop $14,760 14.4% 216,000
and Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000
19. Bakers $20,440 16.8% 25,000
21. Bartenders $14,610 13.4% 84,000
and Coffee Shop $14,920 13.0% 84,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Recreation, Travel,

and Other Personal Services

and Tenders, Except Pressing $16,360 11.4% 62,000
31. Precision Dyers $16,360 11.4% 62,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People Interested in Education and

Social Service

Education $41,080 13.2% 144,000
Specialists $38,780 23.8% 14,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Education and

Social Service
34. Clergy $33,840 15.0% 12,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People Interested in General Management

and Support
5. Accountants $45,380 18.5% 100,000
7. Auditors $45,380 18.5% 100,000
Managers $36,290 22.7% 24,000
15. Cost Estimators $46,960 16.5% 28,000
23. Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
Service $38,010 17.6% 19,000
26. Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and
Farm Products $43,230 12.3% 23,000
30. Budget Analysts $50,510 14.6% 8,000
34. Assessors $38,950 18.0% 6,000
35. Credit Analysts $41,650 16.0% 7,000
36. Loan Officers $43,210 4.9% 28,000
Best Jobs for People Interested in Medical and Health

Services

3. Pharmacists $74,890 24.3% 20,000
8. Psychiatrists $126,460 17.9% 27,000
30. Chiropractors $68,420 23.4% 3,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
Best Jobs for People Interested in Medical and Health

Services

37. Audiologists $46,900 44.7% 1,000
41. Optometrists $85,650 18.7% 1,000
43. Pharmacy Aides $18,010 19.5% 9,000
Best Jobs Lists Based on Personality Types

These lists organize the 500 best jobs into groups matching six personality types. The person-
ality types are Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. This
system was developed by John Holland and is used in the Self Directed Search (SDS) and other
career assessment inventories and information systems.
If you have used one of these career inventories or systems, the lists will help you identify
jobs that most closely match these personality types. Even if you have not used one of these
systems, the concept of personality types and the jobs that are related to them can help you
identify jobs that most closely match the type of person you are.
Weve ranked the jobs within each personality type based on their total combined scores for
earnings (given double the weight), growth, and annual job openings. Like the job lists for
education levels, there is only one list for each personality type. Note that each job is listed in
the one personality type it most closely matches, even though it might also fit into others.
Consider reviewing the jobs for more than one personality type so you dont overlook possible
jobs that would interest you. Also, note that we did not have data to crosswalk 84 of the 500
best jobs to their related personality type, so some of the best jobs do not appear on the lists
in this section.
Following are brief descriptions for each of the six personality types used in the lists. Select the
two or three descriptions that most closely describe you and then use the lists to identify jobs
that best fit these personality types.
Descriptions of the Six Personality Types

Realistic: These occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical,
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world
materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Investigative: These occupations frequently involve working with ideas and require an
extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and
figuring out problems mentally.
Artistic: These occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs, and patterns.
They often require self-expression, and the work can be done without following a clear
set of rules.
Social: These occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and
teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
Enterprising: These occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects.
These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. They some-
times require risk taking and often deal with business.
Conventional: These occupations frequently involve following set procedures and
routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with
ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People with a Realistic Personality Type


4. Electricians $40,770 17.3% 66,000
16. Brazers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
17. Solderers $28,490 19.3% 51,000
18. Welder-Fitters $28,490 19.3% 51,000
22. Roofers $29,460 19.4% 38,000
34. Civil Drafters $37,010 20.8% 12,000


Workers $21,210 18.5% 35,000
44. Pipe Fitters $38,710 10.2% 49,000
46. Plumbers $38,710 10.2% 49,000
Specialists $33,570 14.2% 20,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)


68. Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and House-
keeping Cleaners $17,900 13.5% 507,000
Caretakers $17,470 39.8% 8,000
94. Machinists $32,090 9.1% 28,000


104. Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics,
Except Engines $35,190 14.0% 11,000
and Tenders, Except Pressing $16,360 11.4% 62,000
109. Precision Dyers $16,360 11.4% 62,000
and Tenders $22,340 9.8% 38,000
Set-Up Operators $22,340 9.8% 38,000
125. Paperhangers $31,330 20.2% 3,000
and Tenders $28,220 15.1% 9,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)


Set-Up Operators $28,220 15.1% 9,000
masons, and Tile and Marble Setters $23,620 14.1% 14,000
142. Stonemasons $32,470 20.8% 2,000

Personality Type

6. Pharmacists $74,890 24.3% 20,000
12. Psychiatrists $126,460 17.9% 27,000
24. Biochemists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
25. Biophysicists $57,100 21.0% 5,000
28. Chiropractors $68,420 23.4% 3,000
30. Veterinarians $62,000 31.8% 2,000
31. Chemists $51,860 19.1% 6,000
33. Biologists $44,770 21.0% 5,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Personality Type

38. Economists $67,050 18.5% 3,000
40. Geologists $58,280 18.1% 3,000
42. Hydrologists $56,400 25.7% 1,000
48. Optometrists $85,650 18.7% 1,000
49. Sociologists $54,880 17.2% 2,000
52. Geographers $48,410 17.2% 2,000
53. Historians $42,940 17.2% 2,000
Best Jobs for People with an Artistic Personality Type


2. Caption Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
3. Copy Writers $42,450 28.4% 18,000
7. Singers $40,320 20.1% 33,000
and Radio $45,090 27.1% 11,000
9. Producers $45,090 27.1% 11,000
12. Editors $39,960 22.6% 14,000
15. Art Directors $59,800 21.1% 6,000
16. Actors $20,540 26.7% 20,000
25. Set Designers $33,460 27.0% 2,000
28. Camera Operators, Television, Video,
and Motion Picture $28,980 25.8% 3,000
30. Composers $33,720 13.1% 9,000
32. Music Directors $33,720 13.1% 9,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People with a Social Personality Type


6. Security Guards $18,600 35.4% 242,000
Education $41,080 13.2% 144,000
Specialists $38,780 23.8% 14,000
Best Jobs for People with a Social Personality Type


and Coffee Shop $14,760 14.4% 216,000
51. Audiologists $46,900 44.7% 1,000
52. Clergy $33,840 15.0% 12,000
Emergency Medical Technicians $18,890 33.7% 3,000
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
Best Jobs for People with an Enterprising Personality

Type

6. Sales Managers $71,620 32.8% 21,000
11. Lawyers $88,760 18.0% 35,000
Managers $36,290 22.7% 24,000
26. Telemarketers $19,210 22.2% 145,000

Type
31. Gaming Dealers $13,680 32.4% 28,000

36. Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail,
and Farm Products $43,230 12.3% 23,000
43. Agents and Business Managers of Artists,
Performers, and Athletes $55,550 27.9% 2,000
Preparation and Serving Workers $23,600 12.7% 136,000
Sales Workers $51,490 5.8% 41,000
and Supplies $54,360 7.5% 24,000
Detectives $59,300 13.1% 9,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)

Type
58. Sales Engineers $59,720 17.7% 4,000

Workers $28,590 8.1% 206,000
61. Bartenders $14,610 13.4% 84,000
and Coffee Shop $14,920 13.0% 84,000
71. Loan Officers $43,210 4.9% 28,000
and Operating Workers $42,000 1.0% 71,000
Best Jobs for People with a Conventional Personality

Type
1. Accountants $45,380 18.5% 100,000

2. Auditors $45,380 18.5% 100,000
10. Cost Estimators $46,960 16.5% 28,000
and Timekeeping $29,470 19.3% 25,000
22. Cashiers $14,950 14.5% 1,125,000
25. Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000
28. Budget Analysts $50,510 14.6% 8,000
29. Assessors $38,950 18.0% 6,000
Recordkeeping $24,690 17.9% 13,000
31. Credit Analysts $41,650 16.0% 7,000
(continued)
Part I _____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
Best Jobs for People with a Conventional Personality

Type

36. Billing, Posting, and Calculating Machine
Operators $25,350 8.5% 69,000
38. Marking Clerks $19,060 8.5% 467,000
or Storage Yard $19,060 8.5% 467,000
41. Tax Preparers $27,680 17.4% 8,000
42. File Clerks $19,490 9.1% 49,000
44. Court Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
45. License Clerks $27,090 12.0% 14,000
Part II
The Job Descriptions
This part of the book provides descriptions for all the jobs included in one or more of the
lists in Part I. The Introduction gives more details on how to use and interpret the job de-
scriptions, but here is some additional information:
Job descriptions are arranged in alphabetical order by job title. This approach allows
you to quickly find a description if you know its correct title from one of the lists in
Part I.
If you are using this section to browse for interesting options, we suggest you begin
with the Table of Contents. Part I features many interesting lists that will help you
identify job titles to explore in more detail. If you have not browsed Part Is lists,
consider spending some time there. The lists are interesting and will help you identify
job titles you can find described in the material that follows. The job titles are also
listed in the Table of Contents for Part II.
We include descriptions for the many specific jobs that we included under the single
job title of Teachers, Postsecondary used in the lists in Part I. Here are the titles of the
jobs included in the Teachers, Postsecondary title: Agricultural Sciences Teachers,
Postsecondary; Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Architecture
Teachers, Postsecondary; Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary;
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and
Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Communica-
tions Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal
Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Economics Teachers,
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Engineering Teachers,
(continued)
157
Part II: The Job Descriptions ___________________________________________________________
(continued)
Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmen-

tal Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Foreign Language and Literature Teachers,
Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography
Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers,
Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
Postsecondary; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
Postsecondary; Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All
Other; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers,
Postsecondary; Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary, All Other; Social Work Teach-
ers, Postsecondary; Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary; and Vocational Education
Teachers, Postsecondary.
_______________________________________________________________________ Accountants
Education/Training Required: Bachelors degree

Annual Earnings: $45,380
Accountants

Growth: 18.5%
Annual Job Openings: 100,000
A
Self-Employed: 10.6%
Part-Time: 7.8%
Analyze financial information and prepare financial of system performance and the actions needed to improve
reports to determine or maintain record of assets, liabili- or correct performance relative to the goals of the system.
ties, profit and loss, tax liability, or other financial Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or
activities within an organization. Analyzes operations, that of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obli- ments or take corrective action.
gations incurred to project future revenues and expenses,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General
using computer. Computes taxes owed; ensures compli-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage-
ance with tax payment, reporting, and other tax require-
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
ments; and represents establishment before taxing
Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and Assessors of Real
authority. Directs activities of workers performing account-
Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Assessors; Auditors; Bud-
ing and bookkeeping tasks. Adapts accounting and record-
keeping functions to current technology of computerized get Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investiga-
tors; Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty Insurance;
accounting systems. Appraises, evaluates, and inventories
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists; Cost
real property and equipment, and records description,
Estimators; Credit Analysts; Employment Interviewers,
value, location, and other information. Prepares forms and
Private or Public Employment Service; Employment, Re-
manuals for workers performing accounting and book-
cruitment, and Placement Specialists; Financial Analysts;
keeping tasks. Audits contracts and prepares reports to
substantiate transactions prior to settlement. Establishes Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Special-
ists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and In-
table of accounts and assigns entries to proper accounts.
vestigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage; Insurance
Surveys establishment operations to ascertain accounting
Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisti-
needs. Predicts revenues and expenditures and submits
cians; Management Analysts; Market Research Analysts;
reports to management. Develops, maintains, and ana-
Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm
lyzes budgets and prepares periodic reports comparing
budgeted costs to actual costs. Prepares balance sheet, profit Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail,
and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Rev-
and loss statement, amortization and depreciation sched-
enue Agents; Training and Development Specialists;
ules, and other financial reports, using calculator or com-
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products. PER-
puter. Reports finances of establishment to management
SONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional occu-
and advises management about resource utilization, tax
pations frequently involve following set procedures and
strategies, and assumptions underlying budget forecasts.
Develops, implements, modifies, and documents budget- routines. These occupations can include working with data
and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear
ing, cost, general, property, and tax accounting systems.
line of authority to follow.
Analyzes records of financial transactions to determine
accuracy and completeness of entries, using computer. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
SKILLSManagement of Financial Resources: Deter- ing; Accounting and Business/Management; Accounting
mining how money will be spent to get the work done and Computer Science; Accounting and Finance; Audit-
and accounting for these expenditures. Judgment and ing; Taxation. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and ben- Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
efits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
one. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Admin- ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
istration and Management: Knowledge of business and tion, and grammar. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
management principles involved in strategic planning, re- ministrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as
source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership word processing, managing files and records, stenography
technique, production methods, and coordination of and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
people and resources. English Language: Knowledge of cedures and terminology.
the structure and content of the English language, includ-

Accountants and Auditors

Growth: 18.5%
Part-Time: 7.8%
Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for man Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists,
the purpose of giving advice or preparing statements. All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and Investi-
Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other gators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage; Insurance
financial and budgetary data. SKILLSNo data avail- Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisti-
able. cians; Management Analysts; Market Research Analysts;
Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm
Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail,
and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Rev-
enue Agents; Training and Development Specialists;
Accountants; Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate; Ap- Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products. PER-
praisers, Real Estate; Assessors; Auditors; Budget Analysts;
SONALITY TYPENo data available.
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators; Claims
Examiners, Property and Casualty Insurance; Compensa- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
tion, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists; Cost Estima- ing; Accounting and Business/Management; Accounting
tors; Credit Analysts; Employment Interviewers, Private and Computer Science; Accounting and Finance; Audit-
or Public Employment Service; Employment, Recruit- ing; Taxation. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
ment, and Placement Specialists; Financial Analysts; Hu- No data available.
Education/Training Required: Long-term on-the-job

training
Actors Growth: 26.7%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or motion radio, film, television, or live audience. Performs humor-
picture productions for entertainment, information, or ous and serious interpretations of emotions, actions, and
instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, situations, using only body movements, facial expressions,
gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform au- and gestures. Reads from script or book to narrate action,
dience. May dance and sing. Portrays and interprets role, inform, or entertain audience, utilizing few or no stage
using speech, gestures, and body movements, to entertain props. Prepares for and performs action stunts for motion
___________________________________________________________________ Adjustment Clerks
picture, television, or stage production. Constructs pup- phers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, Motion
pets and ventriloquist dummies and sews accessory cloth- Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers and Or-
ing, using hand tools and machines. Writes original or chestrators; Music Directors; Music Directors and Com-
adapted material for drama, comedy, puppet show, narra- posers; Musicians and Singers; Musicians, Instrumental;
tion, or other performance. Signals start and introduces Public Address System and Other Announcers; Radio and
A
performers to stimulate excitement and to coordinate Television Announcers; Singers; Talent Directors. PER-
smooth transition of acts during circus performance. Ma- SONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations fre-
nipulates string, wire, rod, or fingers to animate puppet quently involve working with forms, designs, and patterns.
or dummy in synchronization to talking, singing, or re- They often require self-expression, and the work can be
corded program. Sings or dances during dramatic or com- done without following a clear set of rules.
edy performance. Dresses in comical clown costume and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Acting;
makeup and performs comedy routines to entertain audi-
Directing and Theatrical Production; Drama and Dramat-
ence. Reads and rehearses role from script to learn lines,
ics/Theatre Arts, General; Dramatic/Theatre Arts and
stunts, and cues as directed. Tells jokes, performs comic
Stagecraft, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
dances and songs, impersonates mannerisms and voice of
COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and
others, contorts face, and uses other devices to amuse au-
dience. Performs original and stock tricks of illusion to techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
entertain and mystify audience, occasionally including
English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
audience members as participants. SKILLSSpeaking:
tent of the English language, including the meaning and
Talking to others to convey information effectively. Moni-
spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that
Communications and Media: Knowledge of media pro-
of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
ments or take corrective action. Reading Comprehension: duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
entertain via written, oral, and visual media. Psychology:
related documents. Coordination: Adjusting actions in
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
relation to others actions. Active Learning: Understand-
vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
ing the implications of new information for both current
ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
and future problem-solving and decision-making. Social
Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and un- the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
disorders. Building and Construction: Knowledge of
derstanding why they react as they do.
materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing such as highways and roads.
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Choreogra-
Education/Training Required: Moderate-term

on-the-job training
Adjustment Clerks Growth: 32.4%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.6%
Investigate and resolve customers inquiries concerning of merchandise, refund of money, credit to customers
merchandise, service, billing, or credit rating. Examine accounts, or adjustment to customers bills. Reviews
pertinent information to determine accuracy of custom- claims adjustments with dealer, examines parts claimed to
ers complaints and responsibility for errors. Notify cus- be defective, and approves or disapproves of dealers claim.
tomers and appropriate personnel of findings, Notifies customer and designated personnel of findings
adjustments, and recommendations, such as exchange and recommendations, such as exchanging merchandise,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
refunding money, or adjustment of bill. Examines weather Booth Cashiers; New Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; Re-
conditions, calculates number of days in billing period, ceptionists and Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks.
and reviews meter accounts for errors which might ex- PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
plain high utility charges. Writes work order. Prepares re- occupations frequently involve following set procedures
ports showing volume, types, and disposition of claims and routines. These occupations can include working with
handled. Compares merchandise with original requisition data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
and information on invoice and prepares invoice for re- clear line of authority to follow.
turned goods. Orders tests to detect product malfunction
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cus-
and determines if defect resulted from faulty construc-
tomer Service Support/Call Center/Teleservice Operation;
tion. Trains dealers or service personnel in construction of
products, service operations, and customer service. Receptionist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
mation effectively. Active Listening: Giving full attention
to what other people are saying, taking time to under-
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
stand the points being made, asking questions as appro-
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Cus-
priate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
processes for providing customer and personal services.
priate for the needs of the audience. Reading Compre-
This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs
ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
in work-related documents. Instructing: Teaching others
isfaction. Education and Training: Knowledge of
how to do something.
principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job and the measurement of training effects. Economics and
Titles in This Work Group: Bill and Account Collectors; Accounting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks; Customer Service ciples and practices, the financial markets, banking, and
Representatives; Customer Service Representatives, Utili- the analysis and reporting of financial data.
ties; Gaming Cage Workers; Gaming Change Persons and
Education/Training Required: Work experience

plus degree
Administrative Services Annual Earnings: $49,810
Growth: 20.4%
Managers Annual Job Openings: 31,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, or coordinate supportive services of an or- ciency of department. Analyzes internal processes and plans
ganization, such as record-keeping, mail distribution, or implements procedural and policy changes to improve
telephone operator/receptionist, and other office support operations. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
services. May oversee facilities planning and maintenance standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
and custodial operations. Coordinates activities of cleri- documents. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation
cal and administrative personnel in establishment or or- to others actions. Writing: Communicating effectively in
ganization. Prepares and reviews operational reports and writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Moni-
schedules to ensure accuracy and efficiency. Formulates toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that
budgetary reports. Hires and terminates clerical and ad- of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
ministrative personnel. Conducts classes to teach proce- ments or take corrective action. Speaking: Talking to oth-
dures to staff. Recommends cost-saving methods, such as ers to convey information effectively. Management of
supply changes and disposal of records, to improve effi- Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and direct-
__________________________ Adult Literacy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and Instructors
ing people as they work, identifying the best people for agement. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
the job. Time Management: Managing ones own time Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
and the time of others. ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
Detail. Work Group: 09.01. Managerial Work in Busi-
A
nation of people and resources. Personnel and Human
ness Detail. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: First-
Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for
Line Supervisors, Administrative Support; First-Line
personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation
Supervisors, Customer Service; First-Line Supervisors/
and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and person-
Managers of Office and Administrative Support Workers.
nel information systems. Economics and Accounting:
PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
and reporting of financial data. English Language: Knowl-
making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
edge of the structure and content of the English language,
ing and often deal with business.
including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business position, and grammar. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
Administration and Management, General; Business/ administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
Commerce, General; Medical/Health Management and as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
Clinical Assistant/Specialist; Public Administration; Pur- phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
chasing, Procurement/Acquisitions, and Contracts Man- procedures and terminology.
Adult Literacy, Remedial

Education, and GED Teachers

Growth: 19.4%
and Instructors Self-Employed: 48.9%
Part-Time: 42.5%
Teach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults in fulfilling required criteria. Writes instructional articles on
remedial education classes, preparatory classes for the Gen- designated subjects. Orders, stores, and inventories books,
eral Educational Development test, literacy, or materials, and supplies. Maintains records, such as student
English as a Second Language. Teaching may or may not grades, attendance, and supply inventory. Plans and con-
take place in a traditional educational institution. Presents ducts field trips to enrich instructional programs. Directs
lectures and conducts discussions to increase students and supervises student project activities, performances, tour-
knowledge and competence. Observes and evaluates stu- naments, exhibits, contests, or plays. Selects and assembles
dents work to determine progress and makes suggestions books, materials, and supplies for courses or projects. Ad-
for improvement. Adapts course of study and training meth- ministers oral, written, and performance tests and issues
ods to meet students needs and abilities. Conducts classes, grades in accordance with performance. Plans course con-
workshops, and demonstrations to teach principles, tech- tent and method of instruction. SKILLSWriting: Com-
niques, procedures, or methods of designated subject. Pre- municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
pares outline of instructional program, plans lessons, and of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others to convey in-
establishes course goals. Observes students to determine and formation effectively. Reading Comprehension: Under-
evaluate qualifications, limitations, abilities, interests, apti- standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
tudes, temperament, and individual characteristics. Evalu- documents. Instructing: Teaching others how to do some-
ates success of instruction, based on number and enthusiasm thing. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
of participants, and recommends retaining or eliminating people are saying, taking time to understand the points being
course in future. Confers with leaders of government and made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt-
other groups to coordinate training or to assist students in ing at inappropriate times.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers,
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education;
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul- Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others. PERSONAL-
tural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Anthropology and ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Architecture Teach- working with, communicating with, and teaching people.
ers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Ethnic, and Cultural These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Drama, and Music vice to others.
Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Adult
Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Audio-Visual
and Continuing Education and Teaching; Adult Literacy
Collections Specialists; Biological Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Chem- Tutor/Instructor; Bilingual and Multilingual Education;
Multicultural Education; Teaching English as a Second or
istry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Com-
Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor. RELATED
munications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training:
Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law En-
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
forcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics
training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, and groups, and the measurement of training effects. En-
glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Admin-
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
istration and Management: Knowledge of business and
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
technique, production methods, and coordination of
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers,
people and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary;
metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach-
applications. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers, computer hardware and software, including applications
and programming. Economics and Accounting: Knowl-
Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical;
edge of economic and accounting principles and practices,
Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Techni-
the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and re-
cians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
porting of financial data. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
Education; Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nurs-
ing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Fi- as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
nancial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion Teachers,
procedures and terminology.
Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political

plus degree
Advertising and Promotions Annual Earnings: $55,940
Growth: 34.3%
Self-Employed: 2.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Plan and direct advertising policies and programs or pro- purchase of a product or service for a department, for an
duce collateral materials, such as posters, contests, cou- entire organization, or on an account basis. Directs ac-
pons, or give-aways, to create extra interest in the tivities of workers engaged in developing and producing
_____________________________________________________________ Advertising Sales Agents
advertisements. Plans and executes advertising policies of problems and reviewing related information to develop
organization. Plans and prepares advertising and promo- and evaluate options and implement solutions.
tional material. Coordinates activities of departments, such
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and
as sales, graphic arts, media, finance, and research. For-
mulates plans to extend business with established accounts Marketing. Work Group: 10.01. Managerial Work in Sales
and Marketing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
A
and transacts business as agent for advertising accounts.
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Work-
Confers with department heads and/or staff to discuss
ers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Work-
topics such as contracts, selection of advertising media, or
ers; Marketing Managers; Sales Managers.
product to be advertised. Confers with clients to provide
PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations
marketing or technical advice. Inspects layouts and adver-
tising copy and edits scripts, audio and video tapes, and frequently involve working with forms, designs, and pat-
terns. They often require self-expression, and the work
other promotional material for adherence to specifications.
can be done without following a clear set of rules.
Reads trade journals and professional literature to stay in-
formed on trends, innovations, and changes that affect EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Advertis-
media planning. Inspects premises of assigned stores for ing; Marketing/Marketing Management, General; Public
adequate security and compliance with safety codes and Relations/Image Management. RELATED KNOWL-
ordinances. Directs conversion of products from USA to EDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing: Knowledge of
foreign standards. Adjusts broadcasting schedules due to principles and methods for showing, promoting, and sell-
program cancellation. Contacts organizations to explain ing products or services. This includes marketing strategy
services and facilities offered or to secure props, audiovi- and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and
sual materials, and sound effects. Directs product research sales control systems. Administration and Management:
and development. Represents company at trade associa- Knowledge of business and management principles in-
tion meetings to promote products. Consults publications volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
to learn about conventions and social functions and orga- resources modeling, leadership technique, production
nizes prospect files for promotional purposes. Supervises methods, and coordination of people and resources. Com-
and trains service representatives. Monitors and analyzes munications and Media: Knowledge of media produc-
sales promotion results to determine cost-effectiveness of tion, communication, and dissemination techniques and
promotion campaign. SKILLSCoordination: Adjust- methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and
ing actions in relation to others actions. Reading Com- entertain via written, oral, and visual media. Customer
prehension: Understanding written sentences and and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
paragraphs in work-related documents. Systems Evalua- cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
tion: Identifying measures or indicators of system perfor- includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
mance and the actions needed to improve or correct dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
performance relative to the goals of the system. Judgment English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and tent of the English language, including the meaning and
benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropri- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
ate one. Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex
Education/Training Required: Moderate-term on-

the-job training
Advertising Sales Agents Growth: 26.3%
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell or solicit advertising, including graphic art, adver- door advertising sites or persuade retailer to use sales
tising space in publications, custom-made signs, or TV promotion display items. Advises customer in advantages
and radio advertising time. May obtain leases for out- of various types of programming and methods of com-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
posing layouts and designs for signs and displays. Draws Job Titles in This Work Group: Insurance Sales Agents;
up contract covering arrangements for designing, fabri- Sales Agents, Financial Services; Sales Agents, Securities
cating, erecting, and maintaining sign or display. Sells signs and Commodities; Sales Representatives, Agricultural;
to be made according to customers specifications, utiliz- Sales Representatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical; Sales
ing knowledge of lettering, color harmony, and sign-mak- Representatives, Electrical/Electronic; Sales Representa-
ing processes. Visits advertisers to point out advantages of tives, Instruments; Sales Representatives, Mechanical
publication. Exhibits prepared layouts with mats and copy Equipment and Supplies; Sales Representatives, Medical;
with headings. Calls on prospects and presents outlines of Sales Representatives, Services, All Other; Sales Represen-
various programs or commercial announcements. Prepares tatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Sci-
list of prospects for classified and display space for publi- entific Products; Securities, Commodities, and Financial
cation from leads in other papers and from old accounts. Services Sales Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnter-
Arranges for and accompanies prospect to commercial tap- prising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve start-
ing sessions. Delivers advertising or illustration proofs to ing up and carrying out projects. These occupations can
customer for approval. Collects payments due. Writes copy involve leading people and making many decisions. They
as part of layout. Computes job costs. Plans and sketches sometimes require risk taking and often deal with busi-
layouts to meet customer needs. Prepares promotional ness.
plans, sales literature, and sales contracts, using computer.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Advertis-
Calls on advertisers and sales promotion people to obtain
ing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and
information concerning prospects for current advertising
Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
and sales promotion. Obtains pertinent information con-
showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This
cerning prospects past and current advertising for use in
includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon-
sales presentation. Informs customer of types of artwork
available by providing samples. SKILLSSpeaking: Talk- stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. En-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Persua-
sion: Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Com-
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro-
munications and Media: Knowledge of media production,
priate for the needs of the audience. Reading Compre-
communication, and dissemination techniques and meth-
in work-related documents. Active Listening: Giving full ods. This includes alternative ways to inform and enter-
tain via written, oral, and visual media. Fine Arts:
attention to what other people are saying, taking time to
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to com-
understand the points being made, asking questions as
pose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
arts, drama, and sculpture. Mathematics: Knowledge of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other their applications.

Agents and Business plus degree
Managers of Artists, Growth: 27.9%
Performers, and Athletes Self-Employed: 2.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Represent and promote artists, performers, and athletes ers, artists, and athletes. Obtains information and inspects
to prospective employers. May handle contract negotia- facilities, equipment, and accommodations of potential
tion and other business matters for clients. Negotiates performance venue. Prepares periodic accounting state-
with management, promoters, union officials, and other ments for clients concerning financial affairs. Conducts
persons to obtain contracts for clients, such as entertain- auditions or interviews new clients. Hires trainer or coach
_____________________________________________ Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
to advise client on performance matters, such as training Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
techniques or presentation of act. Collects fees, commis- prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
sion, or other payment according to contract terms. Man- carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
ages business affairs for clients, such as obtaining travel ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
and lodging accommodations, selling tickets, marketing require risk taking and often deal with business.
A
and advertising, and paying expenses. Schedules promo-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Arts
tional or performance engagements for clients. Advises
Management; Purchasing, Procurement/Acquisitions, and
clients on financial and legal matters, such as investments
Contracts Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
and taxes. SKILLSNegotiation: Bringing others to-
COURSESAdministration and Management: Knowl-
gether and trying to reconcile differences. Reading Com-
prehension: Understanding written sentences and edge of business and management principles involved in
strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
paragraphs in work-related documents. Speaking: Talk-
modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
ing to others to convey information effectively. Time
coordination of people and resources. Economics and
Management: Managing ones own time and the time of
Accounting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
others. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
ciples and practices, the financial markets, banking, and
other people are saying, taking time to understand the
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Sales and
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Coordination:
Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Critical
Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the
stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Per-
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu-
sonnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles
sions, or approaches to problems.
and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.01. Managerial tiation, and personnel information systems.
Work in Arts, Entertainment, and Media. Other Job Titles Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
in This Work Group: Art Directors; Producers; Produc- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
ers and Directors; Program Directors; Technical Directors/
Education/Training Required: Masters degree

Agricultural Sciences

Growth: 23.5%
Teachers, Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in the agricultural sciences. Includes teach- other teachers or graduate students working for advanced
ers of agronomy, dairy sciences, fisheries management, academic degrees. Compiles, administers, and grades ex-
horticultural sciences, poultry sciences, range manage- aminations or assigns this work to others. SKILLSRead-
ment, and agricultural soil conservation. Prepares and ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
delivers lectures to students. Stimulates class discussions. paragraphs in work-related documents. Instructing: Teach-
Compiles bibliographies of specialized materials for out- ing others how to do something. Learning Strategies:
side reading assignments. Advises students on academic Selecting and using training/instructional methods and
and vocational curricula. Conducts research in particular procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or
field of knowledge and publishes findings in professional teaching new things. Writing: Communicating effectively
journals. Serves on faculty committee providing profes- in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
sional consulting services to government and industry. Acts Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
as adviser to student organizations. Directs research of the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
conclusions, or approaches to problems. Active Learning: EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)

Understanding the implications of new information for Agribusiness/Agricultural Business Operations; Agricul-
both current and future problem-solving and decision- tural and Domestic Animal Services, Other; Agricultural
making. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to and Food Products Processing; Agricultural and Horti-
solve problems. cultural Plant Breeding; Agricultural Animal Breeding; Ag-
ricultural Business and Management, General; Agricultural
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
Business and Management, Other; Agricultural Econom-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser-
ics; Agricultural Mechanization, General; Agricultural
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit-
Mechanization, Other; Agricultural Power Machinery
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and
Operation; Agricultural Production Operations, General;
Instructors; Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Agricultural Production Operations, Other; Agricultural
Postsecondary; Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Ar-
Teacher Education; Agricultural/Farm Supplies Retailing
chivists; Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers,
and Wholesaling; Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and
Postsecondary; Art, Drama, and Music Teachers,
Related Sciences, Other; Agriculture, General; Agronomy
Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space
and Crop Science; Animal Health; Animal Nutrition;
Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections
Animal Sciences, General; Animal Sciences, Other; Ani-
Specialists; Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; mal Training; Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Produc-
Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers,
tion; Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Business Services,
Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Communications
Other; Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Operations,
Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers,
General; Aquaculture; Crop Production; Dairy Science;
Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement
Equestrian/Equine Studies; Farm/Farm and Ranch Man-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
agement; Food Science; Greenhouse Operations and Man-
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Educa- agement; Horticultural Science; International Agriculture;
tional Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
Landscaping and Groundskeeping; Livestock Manage-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
ment; Ornamental Horticulture; Plant Nursery Opera-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
tions and Management; Plant Protection and Integrated
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Environ-
Pest Management; Plant Sciences, General; Plant Sciences,
mental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and Home
Other; Poultry Science; Range Science and Management;
Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Literature Soil Science and Agronomy, General; Turf and Turf-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Sci-
grass Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of
Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
and the measurement of training effects. Biology: Knowl-
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each
Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
other and the environment. Psychology: Knowledge of
Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
human behavior and performance; individual differences
in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motiva-
tion; psychological research methods; and the assessment
ing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Fi- and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Chem-
istry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure,
and properties of substances and of the chemical processes
Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers,
and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses
All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education;
of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, produc-
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others. PERSONAL-
tion techniques, and disposal methods. English Language:
ITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations fre- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
quently involve working with ideas and require an extensive
language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search-
rules of composition, and grammar.
ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
______________________________________________________________ Agricultural Technicians
Education/Training Required: Associates degree

Agricultural Technicians

Growth: 15.2%
A
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Set up and maintain laboratory and collect and record Scientists; Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists. PERSON-
data to assist scientist in biology or related agricultural ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
science experiments. Sets up laboratory and field equip- involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
ment to assist research workers. Adjusts testing equipment problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
and prepares culture media, following standard procedures. mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
Measures or weighs ingredients used in testing or as ani- chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
mal feed. Records production and test data for evaluation and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely
by personnel. Cleans and maintains laboratory and field with others.
equipment and work areas. Examines animals and speci-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
mens to determine presence of disease or other problems.
tural Animal Breeding; Agronomy and Crop Science;
Pricks animals and collects blood samples for testing, us-
ing hand-held devices. Waters and feeds rations to live- Animal Nutrition; Animal Sciences, General; Animal/Live-
stock Husbandry and Production; Crop Production; Dairy
stock and laboratory animals. Plants seeds in specified area
Science; Food Science. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
and counts plants that grow to determine germination rate
COURSESBiology: Knowledge of plant and animal
of seeds. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to
organisms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdepen-
solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
dencies, and interactions with each other and the envi-
ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
ments. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve ronment. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
problems. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing
Food Production: Knowledge of techniques and equip-
as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
ment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, (both plant and animal) for consumption, including stor-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sci- age/handling techniques. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul- administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
tural and Food Science Technicians; Animal Scientists; as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
Biochemists; Biochemists and Biophysicists; Biological phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
Scientists, All Other; Biologists; Biophysicists; Conserva- procedures and terminology. Medicine and Dentistry:
tion Scientists; Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to
Including Health; Epidemiologists; Food Science Techni- diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi-
cians; Food Scientists and Technologists; Foresters; Life ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug
Scientists, All Other; Medical Scientists, Except Epidemi- properties and interactions, and preventive health-care
ologists; Microbiologists; Plant Scientists; Range Manag- measures.
ers; Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Conservationists; Soil
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Education/Training Required: Postsecondary

vocational training
Aircraft Body and Bonded Annual Earnings: $41,990
Growth: 16.7%
Structure Repairers Annual Job Openings: 11,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Repair body or structure of aircraft according to specifi- Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine
cations. Reinstalls repaired or replacement parts for sub- Servicers and Repairers; Control and Valve Installers and
sequent riveting or welding, using clamps and wrenches. Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment
Repairs or fabricates defective section or part, using metal Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand and Portable
fabricating machines, saws, brakes, shears, and grinders. Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air Conditioning
Reads work orders, blueprints, and specifications or ex- Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration
amines sample or damaged part or structure to determine Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectricians; Help-
repair or fabrication procedures and sequence of opera- ersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; In-
tions. Communicates with other workers to fit and align dustrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument
heavy parts or expedite processing of repair parts. Removes Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Repairers;
or cuts out defective part or drills holes to gain access to Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; Maintenance
internal defect or damage, using drill and punch. Locates Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medi-
and marks dimension and reference lines on defective or cal Appliance Technicians; Medical Equipment Repairers;
replacement part, using templates, scribes, compass, and Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment
steel rule. Trims and shapes replacement section to speci- Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Mo-
fied size and fits and secures section in place, using adhe- torcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument Repairers and
sives, hand tools, and power tools. Cleans, strips, primes, Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; Optical In-
and sands structural surfaces and materials prior to bond- strument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equipment and
ing. Spreads plastic film over area to be repaired to pre- Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Transportation
vent damage to surrounding area. Cures bonded structure, Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
using portable or stationary curing equipment. SKILLS Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other;
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Ve-
equipment needed to do a job. Mathematics: Using math- hicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instrument Re-
ematics to solve problems. Installation: Installing equip- pairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed
ment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and
specifications. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repair-
using the needed tools. Equipment Maintenance: Per- ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupa-
forming routine maintenance on equipment and deter- tions frequently involve work activities that include
mining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechani-
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
cal Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft
work or working closely with others.
Engine Specialists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Tech-
nicians; Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automo- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
tive Body and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass tural Mechanics and Equipment/Machine Technology;
Installers and Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics; Airframe Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technol-
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automo- ogy/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tive Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel En- edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
gine Specialists; Camera and Photographic Equipment repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
____________________________________________________________ Aircraft Engine Specialists
Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci-
the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other ence and technology. This includes applying principles,
structures, such as highways and roads. Design: Knowl- techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and
edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved production of various goods and services. Mathematics:
in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
A
drawings, and models. Engineering and Technology: statistics and their applications.

in a related occupation
Aircraft Cargo Handling Annual Earnings: $37,330
Growth: 27.7%
Supervisors Annual Job Openings: 1,000
Self-Employed: No data available.
Part-Time: No data available.
Direct ground crew in the loading, unloading, securing, First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation and
and staging of aircraft cargo or baggage. Determine the Serving Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
quantity and orientation of cargo and compute aircraft Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers; First-Line Super-
center of gravity. May accompany aircraft as member of visors/Managers of Personal Service Workers; Food Ser-
flight crew, monitor and handle cargo in flight, and as- vice Managers; Gaming Managers; Gaming Supervisors;
sist and brief passengers on safety and emergency proce- Housekeeping Supervisors; Janitorial Supervisors; Lodg-
dures. SKILLSNo data available. ing Managers; Meeting and Convention Planners. PER-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: data available.

vocational training
Aircraft Engine Specialists Growth: 16.7%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Repair and maintain the operating condition of aircraft forklift truck. Services, repairs, and rebuilds aircraft struc-
engines. Includes helicopter engine mechanics. Replaces tures, such as wings, fuselage, rigging, and surface and
or repairs worn, defective, or damaged components, us- hydraulic controls, using hand or power tools and equip-
ing hand tools, gauges, and testing equipment. Tests en- ment. Adjusts, repairs, or replaces electrical wiring system
gine operation, using test equipment such as ignition and aircraft accessories. Reads and interprets manufactur-
analyzer, compression checker, distributor timer, and am- ers maintenance manuals, service bulletins, and other
meter, to identify malfunction. Listens to operating en- specifications to determine feasibility and methods of re-
gine to detect and diagnose malfunctions, such as sticking pair. Services and maintains aircraft and related apparatus
or burned valves. Reassembles engine and installs engine by performing activities such as flushing crankcase, clean-
in aircraft. Disassembles and inspects engine parts, such ing screens, and lubricating moving parts. SKILLS
as turbine blades and cylinders, for wear, warping, cracks, Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance
and leaks. Removes engine from aircraft, using hoist or on equipment and determining when and what kind of
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
maintenance is needed. Repairing: Repairing machines Tuners; Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers,
or systems, using the needed tools. Troubleshooting: De- All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recre-
termining causes of operating errors and deciding what to ational Vehicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instru-
do about them. Installation: Installing equipment, ma- ment Repairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics;
chines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Judg- Stringed Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers
ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Re-
and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap- pairers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
propriate one. cupations frequently involve work activities that include
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics,
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechani- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Mechan-
ics and Service Technicians; Airframe-and-Power-Plant
Mechanics; Automotive Body and Related Repairers; Au- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
tomotive Glass Installers and Repairers; Automotive Mas- tural Mechanics and Equipment/Machine Technology; Air-
ter Mechanics; Automotive Service Technicians and craft Powerplant Technology/Technician. RELATED
Mechanics; Automotive Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Re- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical
pairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechan- Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
ics and Diesel Engine Specialists; Camera and designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and
Photographic Equipment Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of en-
Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers; Control and gineering science and technology. This includes applying
Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
Farm Equipment Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; design and production of various goods and services. Phys-
Hand and Portable Power Tool Repairers; Heating and ics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles and
Air Conditioning Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, laws and their interrelationships and applications to un-
and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElec- derstanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and
tricians; HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures
Workers; Industrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard In- and processes. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
strument Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Re- gebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
pairers; Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; tions. Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Re- methods, and tools involved in the construction or repair
pairers; Medical Appliance Technicians; Medical Equip- of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as highways
ment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile and roads. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of rel-
Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat evant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument promote effective local, state, or national security opera-
Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; tions for the protection of people, data, property, and insti-
Optical Instrument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equip- tutions. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
ment and Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Trans- content of the English language, including the meaning
portation Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
____________________________________________________ Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics

Aircraft Mechanics and vocational training
Service Technicians Growth: 16.7%
A
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul aircraft engines and Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; Maintenance
assemblies, such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medi-
SKILLSNo data available. cal Appliance Technicians; Medical Equipment Repairers;
Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment
Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Mo-
torcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument Repairers and
cal Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; Optical In-
Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine
strument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equipment and
Specialists; Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Auto-
Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Transportation
motive Body and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass
Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
Installers and Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics;
Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other;
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automo-
Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Ve-
tive Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and hicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instrument Re-
Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel En-
pairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed
gine Specialists; Camera and Photographic Equipment
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and
Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine
Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repair-
Servicers and Repairers; Control and Valve Installers and
ers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment
Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand and Portable EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air Conditioning tural Mechanics and Equipment/Machine Technology;
Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Aircraft Powerplant Technology/Technician; Airframe
Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectricians; Help- Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology/Tech-
ersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; In- nician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
dustrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument data available.
Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Repairers;

vocational training
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Annual Earnings: $41,990
Growth: 16.7%
Mechanics Annual Job Openings: 11,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Inspect, test, repair, maintain, and service aircraft. Ad- chanical, hydraulic, and structural components and ac-
justs, aligns, and calibrates aircraft systems, using hand cessories, using hand tools and power tools. Services and
tools, gauges, and test equipment. Examines and inspects maintains aircraft systems by performing tasks such as
engines or other components for cracks, breaks, or leaks. flushing crankcase, cleaning screens, greasing moving parts,
Disassembles and inspects parts for wear, warping, or other and checking brakes. Repairs, replaces, and rebuilds air-
defects. Assembles and installs electrical, plumbing, me- craft structures, functional components, and parts, such
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
as wings and fuselage, rigging, and hydraulic units. Tests Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment
engine and system operations, using testing equipment, Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Mo-
and listens to engine sounds to detect and diagnose mal- torcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument Repairers and
functions. Removes engine from aircraft or installs engine, Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; Optical In-
using hoist or forklift truck. Modifies aircraft structures, strument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equipment and
space vehicles, systems, or components, following draw- Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Transportation
ings, engineering orders, and technical publications. Reads Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
and interprets aircraft maintenance manuals and specifi- Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other;
cations to determine feasibility and method of repairing Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Ve-
or replacing malfunctioning or damaged components. hicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instrument Re-
SKILLSEquipment Maintenance: Performing routine pairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed
maintenance on equipment and determining when and Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and
what kind of maintenance is needed. Installation: Install- Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repair-
ing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupa-
specifications. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, tions frequently involve work activities that include
using the needed tools. Troubleshooting: Determining practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
them. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
and equipment needed to do a job. Quality Control Analy- quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
sis: Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, work or working closely with others.
or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, tural Mechanics and Equipment/Machine Technology;
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechani- Aircraft Powerplant Technology/Technician; Airframe
cal Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology/Tech-
Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine nician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrin-
Specialists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; ciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and
Automotive Body and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and mainte-
Installers and Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics; nance. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automo- practical application of engineering science and technol-
tive Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel En- dures, and equipment to the design and production of
gine Specialists; Camera and Photographic Equipment various goods and services. Building and Construction:
Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
Servicers and Repairers; Control and Valve Installers and the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment structures, such as highways and roads. Design: Knowl-
Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand and Portable edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air Conditioning in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration drawings, and models. Physics: Knowledge and predic-
Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectricians; Help- tion of physical principles and laws and their interrela-
ersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; In- tionships and applications to understanding fluid, material,
dustrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes. Math-
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; Maintenance ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medi- culus, and statistics and their applications.
cal Appliance Technicians; Medical Equipment Repairers;
__________________________________________________ Amusement and Recreation Attendants

Ambulance Drivers and on-the-job training
Attendants, Except Emergency Growth: 33.7%
Medical Technicians Annual Job Openings: 3,000
A
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 34.5%
Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transport- feurs. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations
ing sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lift- frequently involve working with, communicating with, and
ing patients. Transports sick or injured persons to hospital teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
or convalescents to destination, avoiding sudden motions or providing service to others.
detrimental to patients. Places patients on stretcher and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Emer-
loads stretcher into ambulance, usually with help of am-
bulance attendant. Administers first aid as needed. Re- gency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic).
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and
ports facts concerning accident or emergency to hospital
Dentistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
personnel or law enforcement officials. Replaces supplies
needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and
and disposable items on ambulance. Changes equipment
deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alterna-
to maintain sanitary conditions. SKILLSService Ori-
tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
entation: Actively looking for ways to help people. Active
Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are health-care measures. Customer and Personal Service:
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing cus-
saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
tomer and personal services. This includes customer needs
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and
inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking to others to con-
evaluation of customer satisfaction. Geography: Knowl-
vey information effectively. Critical Thinking: Using logic
edge of principles and methods for describing the features
and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of
alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob- of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical char-
acteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution
lems. Operation and Control: Controlling operations of
of plant, animal, and human life. Transportation: Knowl-
equipment or systems. Coordination: Adjusting actions
edge of principles and methods for moving people or goods
in relation to others actions.
by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta- benefits. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of prin-
tion. Work Group: 07.07. Other Services Requiring Driv- ciples, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment,
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bus Drivers, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and
School; Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity; Driver/Sales for career counseling and guidance.
Workers; Parking Lot Attendants; Taxi Drivers and Chauf-
Education/Training Required: Short-term on-the-

job training
Amusement and Recreation Annual Earnings: $14,600
Growth: 32.4%
Attendants Annual Job Openings: 62,000
Self-Employed: 0.7%
Part-Time: 48.8%
Perform variety of attending duties at amusement or rec- ing events or recreational pursuits, or operate amuse-
reation facility. May schedule use of recreation facilities, ment concessions and rides. Schedules use of recreation
maintain and provide equipment to participants of sport- facilities, such as golf courses, tennis courts, bowling
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
alleys, and softball diamonds. Operates, drives, or explains Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
use of mechanical riding devices or other automatic equip- people. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using
ment in amusement parks, carnivals, or recreation areas. the needed tools.
Receives, retrieves, replaces, and stores sports equipment
and supplies; arranges items in designated areas; and erects GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.02.
or removes equipment. Sells tickets, collects fees from cus-
Recreational Services. Other Job Titles in This Work
tomers, and collects or punches tickets. Rents, sells, and
Group: Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers,
issues sports equipment and supplies, such as bowling
All Other; Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Run-
shoes, golf balls, swimming suits, and beach chairs. Pro-
ners; Gaming Dealers; Gaming Service Workers, All Other;
vides information about facilities, entertainment options,
and rules and regulations. Directs patrons of establishment Motion Picture Projectionists; Recreation Workers; Slot
Key Persons; Tour Guides and Escorts; Travel Guides;
to rides, seats, or attractions or escorts patrons on tours of
Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers. PERSON-
points of interest. Records details of attendance, sales, re-
ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
ceipts, reservations, and repair activities. Inspects, repairs,
involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
adjusts, tests, fuels, and oils sporting and recreation equip-
problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
ment, game machines, and amusement rides. Cleans sport-
ing equipment, vehicles, rides, booths, facilities, and mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
grounds. Attends amusement booth in parks, carnivals,
and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely
or stadiums and awards prizes to winning players. Sells
with others.
and serves refreshments to customers. Announces and
describes amusement park attractions to patrons to entice EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
customers to participate in games and other entertainment. available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Provides entertainment services, such as guessing patrons Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles
weight, conducting games, explaining use of arcade game and processes for providing customer and personal ser-
machines, or photographing patrons. Launches, moors, vices. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting
and demonstrates use of boats, such as rowboats, canoes, quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer
and motorboats, or caddies for golfers. Monitors activi- satisfaction. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles
ties to ensure adherence to rules and safety procedures to and methods for showing, promoting, and selling prod-
protect environment and maintain order and ejects un- ucts or services. This includes marketing strategy and tac-
ruly patrons. Attends animals, performing such tasks as tics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales
harnessing, saddling, feeding, watering, and grooming, and control systems. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge
drives horse-drawn vehicle for entertainment or advertis- of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies
ing purposes. Assists patrons on and off amusement rides, to promote effective local, state, or national security op-
boats, or ski lifts and in mounting and riding animals. erations for the protection of people, data, property, and
Fastens or directs patrons to fasten safety devices. institutions. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to what edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
other people are saying, taking time to understand the repair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge of
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Operation and their applications.
Control: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
___________________________________________________________________ Anesthesiologists
Education/Training Required: First professional

degree
Annual Earnings: More than $145,600
Anesthesiologists Growth: 17.9%
A
Part-Time: 7.2%
Administer anesthetics during surgery or other medical gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Family and
procedures. Administers anesthetic or sedation during General Practitioners; Internists, General; Medical Assis-
medical procedures, using local, intravenous, spinal, or tants; Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Pediatricians, Gen-
caudal methods. Monitors patient before, during, and af- eral; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy Technicians;
ter anesthesia and counteracts adverse reactions or com- Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All Other;
plications. Examines patient to determine risk during Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
surgical, obstetrical, and other medical procedures. Records nologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
type and amount of anesthesia and patient condition tigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
throughout procedure. Informs students and staff of types and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu-
and methods of anesthesia administration, signs of com- pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out
plications, and emergency methods to counteract reactions. problems mentally.
Positions patient on operating table to maximize patient
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Anesthe-
comfort and surgical accessibility. Confers with medical
siology; Critical Care Anesthesiology. RELATED
professional to determine type and method of anesthetic
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and Dentistry:
or sedation to render patient insensible to pain. SKILLS
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi-
ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug
Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela-
properties and interactions, and preventive health-care
tive costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the
measures. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal or-
most appropriate one. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
ganisms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdependen-
reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of al-
cies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
lems. Active Learning: Understanding the implications Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc-
ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro-
of new information for both current and future problem-
cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes
solving and decision-making. Coordination: Adjusting
uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, pro-
actions in relation to others actions. Monitoring: Moni-
duction techniques, and disposal methods. Mathematics:
toring/Assessing your performance or that of other indi-
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
viduals or organizations to make improvements or take
corrective action. Speaking: Talking to others to convey statistics and their applications. English Language: Knowl-
information effectively.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and position, and grammar.
Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Anthropology and Archeology

Growth: 23.5%
Teachers, Postsecondary Annual Job Openings: 184,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in anthropology or archeology. Prepares ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
and delivers lectures to students. Stimulates class discus- Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
sions. Compiles bibliographies of specialized materials for ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
outside reading assignments. Directs research of other Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
teachers or graduate students working for advanced aca- Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
demic degrees. Serves on faculty committee providing pro- Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
fessional consulting services to government and industry. ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
Acts as adviser to student organizations. Conducts research ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
in particular field of knowledge and publishes findings in Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
professional journals. Advises students on academic and Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
vocational curricula. Compiles, administers, and grades Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
examinations or assigns this work to others. SKILLS Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Ac- Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
tive Learning: Understanding the implications of new cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
information for both current and future problem-solving Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
and decision-making. Speaking: Talking to others to con- Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
vey information effectively. Learning Strategies: Select- Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
ing and using training/instructional methods and Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
teaching new things. Writing: Communicating effectively Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
people are saying, taking time to understand the points Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers,
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- Except Special Education; Psychology Teachers,
terrupting at inappropriate times. Postsecondary; others. PERSONALITY TYPESocial.
Social occupations frequently involve working with, com-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education municating with, and teaching people. These occupations
often involve helping or providing service to others.
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Anthro-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; pology; Archeology; Physical Anthropology; Social Science
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth- Teacher Education. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science and the measurement of training effects. Sociology and
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Anthropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynam-
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; ics, societal trends and influences, human migrations,
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- ethnicity, and cultures and their history and origins. Psy-
_______________________________________________________________ Appraisers, Real Estate
chology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance; historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects
individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; on civilizations and cultures. English Language: Knowl-
learning and motivation; psychological research methods; edge of the structure and content of the English language,
and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec- including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
tive disorders. History and Archeology: Knowledge of position, and grammar.
A
vocational training
Appraisers and Assessors Annual Earnings: $38,950
Growth: 18.0%
of Real Estate Annual Job Openings: 6,000
Part-Time: 16.6%
Appraise real property to determine its fair value. May ing, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance
assess taxes in accordance with prescribed schedules. Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Ap-
SKILLSNo data available. praisers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan
Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General Analysts; Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters;
Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchas-
ing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products;
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers, Real
Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training
Estate; Assessors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Ad-
and Development Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buy-
justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners,
ers, Except Farm Products. PERSONALITY TYPENo
Property and Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, data available.
and Job Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Ana-
lysts; Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employ- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Real
ment Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Estate. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
Specialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Train- data available.

vocational training
Appraisers, Real Estate Growth: 18.0%
Part-Time: 16.6%
Appraise real property to determine its value for pur- impending changes that could influence future value of
chase, sales, investment, mortgage, or loan purposes. property. Prepares written report, utilizing data collected,
Considers such factors as depreciation, value comparison and submits report to corroborate value established. Pho-
of similar property, and income potential when comput- tographs interiors and exteriors of property to assist in
ing final estimation of property value. Inspects property estimating property value, to substantiate finding, and to
for construction, condition, and functional design and complete appraisal report. Searches public records for trans-
takes property measurements. Interviews persons familiar actions, such as sales, leases, and assessments. SKILLS
with property and immediate surroundings, such as con- Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
tractors, homeowners, and other realtors, to obtain perti- appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading Com-
nent information. Considers location and trends or prehension: Understanding written sentences and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
paragraphs in work-related documents. Mathematics: and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Rev-
Using mathematics to solve problems. Active Listening: enue Agents; Training and Development Specialists;
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products. PER-
ing time to understand the points being made, asking SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupa-
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- tions frequently involve starting up and carrying out
priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
mation effectively. making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Real Es-
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: tate. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMath-
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
Assessors of Real Estate; Assessors; Auditors; Budget Ana- calculus, and statistics and their applications. Building and
lysts; Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators; Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty Insurance; Com- involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings,
pensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists; Cost Es- or other structures, such as highways and roads. Econom-
timators; Credit Analysts; Employment Interviewers, ics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and account-
Private or Public Employment Service; Employment, Re- ing principles and practices, the financial markets, banking,
cruitment, and Placement Specialists; Financial Analysts; and the analysis and reporting of financial data. English
Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Special- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
ists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and In- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
vestigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage; Insurance words, rules of composition, and grammar. Clerical Stud-
Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisti- ies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures
cians; Management Analysts; Market Research Analysts; and systems, such as word processing, managing files and
Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and other office procedures and terminology.

plus degree
Arbitrators, Mediators, Annual Earnings: $46,660
Growth: 27.2%
and Conciliators Annual Job Openings: Fewer than 500
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Part-Time: 3.6%
Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dia- nied claim and appeal rights. Authorizes payment of valid
logue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by claims. Issues subpoenas and administers oaths to prepare
mutual consent of parties involved. Arranges and conducts for formal hearing. Researches laws, regulations, policies,
hearings to obtain information and evidence relative to and precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. Reviews
disposition of claim. Counsels parties and recommends and evaluates data on documents, such as claim applica-
acceptance or rejection of compromise settlement offers. tions, birth or death certificates, and physician or employer
Analyzes evidence and applicable law, regulations, policy, records. Interviews or corresponds with claimants or agents
and precedent decisions to determine conclusions. Ques- to elicit information. Prepares written opinions and deci-
tions witnesses to obtain information. Rules on exceptions, sions. Determines existence and amount of liability accord-
motions, and admissibility of evidence. Participates in court ing to law, administrative and judicial precedents, and
proceedings. Obtains additional information to clarify evi- evidence. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full atten-
dence. Conducts studies of appeals procedures in field agen- tion to what other people are saying, taking time to under-
cies to ensure adherence to legal requirements and to stand the points being made, asking questions as
facilitate determination of cases. Notifies claimant of de- appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
_________________________________________________ Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESLaw and Gov-
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con- ernment: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures,
clusions, or approaches to problems. Judgment and Deci- precedents, government regulations, executive orders,
sion Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits agency rules, and the democratic political process. Admin-
of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. istration and Management: Knowledge of business and
A
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writing: Com- source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the technique, production methods, and coordination of
needs of the audience. people and resources. English Language: Knowledge of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.02. Law.
tion, and grammar. Psychology: Knowledge of human
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Administrative
behavior and performance; individual differences in abil-
Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers; Judges,
ity, personality, and interests; learning and motivation;
Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates; Law Clerks; Lawyers;
psychological research methods; and the assessment and
Legal Support Workers, All Other; Paralegals and Legal
treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Education
Assistants; Title Examiners and Abstractors; Title Exam- and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for
iners, Abstractors, and Searchers; Title Searchers. PER-
curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction
SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising
for individuals and groups, and the measurement of train-
occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying
ing effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
out projects. These occupations can involve leading people
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk
Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,
taking and often deal with business. processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Law hardware and software, including applications and pro-
(LL.B., J.D.); Legal Professions and Studies, Other. RE- gramming.

Architects, Except Landscape

Growth: 18.5%
and Naval

Part-Time: 8.0%
Plan and design structures, such as private residences, ture. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in rela-
office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural tion to others actions. Reading Comprehension: Under-
property. Prepares information regarding design, structure standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
specifications, materials, color, equipment, estimated costs, documents. Writing: Communicating effectively in writ-
and construction time. Plans layout of project. Integrates ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Math-
engineering element into unified design. Prepares scale ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Active
drawings. Prepares contract documents for building con- Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are
tractors. Administers construction contracts. Prepares op- saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
erating and maintenance manuals, studies, and reports. asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
Represents client in obtaining bids and awarding construc- inappropriate times.
tion contracts. Directs activities of workers engaged in pre-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
paring drawings and specification documents. Conducts
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.07. Engineer-
periodic on-site observation of work during construction
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace
to monitor compliance with plans. Consults with client
Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Biomedical Engineers;
to determine functional and spatial requirements of struc-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Chemical Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hard- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Architec-

ware Engineers; Computer Software Engineers, Applica- tural History and Criticism, General; Architecture (BArch,
tions; Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software; BA/BS, MArch, MA/MS, PhD); Architecture and Related
Electrical Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Com- Services, Other; Environmental Design/Architecture. RE-
puter; Engineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers; LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDesign: Knowl-
Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers; Health and edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in
Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and production of precision technical plans, blueprints, draw-
Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and ings, and models. Building and Construction: Knowledge
Health Engineers; Landscape Architects; Marine Archi- of materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
tects; Marine Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Ar- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures, such
chitects; Materials Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; as highways and roads. Administration and Management:
Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Knowledge of business and management principles involved
Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum Engineers; in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
Product Safety Engineers; Sales Engineers. PERSONAL- modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
ITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently in- coordination of people and resources. Mathematics: Knowl-
volve working with forms, designs, and patterns. They edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
often require self-expression, and the work can be done tics and their applications. English Language: Knowledge
without following a clear set of rules. of the structure and content of the English language, in-
cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
position, and grammar.

vocational training
Architectural Annual Earnings: $37,010
Growth: 20.8%
and Civil Drafters Annual Job Openings: 12,000
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 7.9%
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural Electronic Drafters; Electronics Engineering Technicians;
features of buildings or drawings and topographical re- Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other; En-
lief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as high- vironmental Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineer-
ways, bridges, and public works. Utilize knowledge of ing Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical
building materials, engineering practices, and mathemat- Drafters; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numeri-
ics to complete drawings. SKILLSNo data available. cal Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Ves-
sel Inspectors; Surveying and Mapping Technicians;
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, Surveying Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY
TYPENo data available.
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Architec-
chitectural Drafters; Calibration and Instrumentation tural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD; Architec-
Technicians; Cartographers and Photogrammetrists; Civil tural Technology/Technician; CAD/CADD Drafting and/
Drafters; Civil Engineering Technicians; Construction and or Design Technology/Technician; Civil Drafting and Civil
Building Inspectors; Drafters, All Other; Electrical and Engineering CAD/CADD; Drafting and Design Technol-
Electronic Engineering Technicians; Electrical and Elec- ogy/Technician, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tronics Drafters; Electrical Drafters; Electrical Engineer- COURSESNo data available.
ing Technicians; Electro-Mechanical Technicians;
________________________________________________________________ Architectural Drafters
Education/Training Required: Associates

degree
Architectural Drafters Growth: 20.8%
A
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 7.9%
Prepare detailed drawings of architectural designs and Electronics Drafters; Electrical Drafters; Electrical Engi-
plans for buildings and structures according to specifi- neering Technicians; Electro-Mechanical Technicians; Elec-
cations provided by architect. Draws rough and detailed tronic Drafters; Electronics Engineering Technicians;
scale plans, to scale, for foundations, buildings, and struc- Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other; En-
tures, according to specifications. Prepares colored draw- vironmental Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineer-
ings of landscape and interior designs for presentation to ing Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical
client. Develops diagrams for construction, fabrication, Drafters; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numeri-
and installation of equipment, structures, components, and cal Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Ves-
systems, using field documents and specifications. Lays sel Inspectors; Surveying and Mapping Technicians;
out and plans interior room arrangements for commercial Surveying Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY
buildings and draws charts, forms, and records, using com- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
puter-assisted equipment. Lays out schematics and wiring work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
diagrams used to erect, install, and repair establishment and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
cable and electrical systems, using computer equipment. real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
Drafts and corrects topographical maps to represent geo- of the occupations require working outside and do not
logical stratigraphy, mineral deposits, and pipeline systems, involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
using survey data and aerial photographs. Builds landscape
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Architec-
models, using data provided by landscape architect. Cal-
tural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD; Architec-
culates heat loss and gain of buildings and structures to
tural Technology/Technician; CAD/CADD Drafting and/
determine required equipment specifications, following
or Design Technology/Technician; Civil Drafting and Civil
standard procedures. Traces copies of plans and drawings,
Engineering CAD/CADD; Drafting and Design Technol-
using transparent paper or cloth, ink, pencil, and stan-
dard drafting instruments for reproduction purposes. ogy/Technician, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESDesign: Knowledge of design techniques,
SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
tools, and principles involved in production of precision
lems. Programming: Writing computer programs for vari-
technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Math-
ous purposes. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
culus, and statistics and their applications. Engineering
ments. Active Learning: Understanding the implications
of new information for both current and future problem- and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application
of engineering science and technology. This includes ap-
solving and decision-making. Operations Analysis: Ana-
plying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment
lyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
to the design and production of various goods and ser-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, vices. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com-
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: puter hardware and software, including applications and
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- programming. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Calibration and Instrumen- physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
tation Technicians; Cartographers and Photogrammetrists; and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at-
Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering Technicians; Construc- mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic,
tion and Building Inspectors; Drafters, All Other; Electri- and sub-atomic structures and processes.
cal and Electronic Engineering Technicians; Electrical and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Architecture Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
such as architectural environmental design, interior ar- Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers,
chitecture/design, and landscape architecture. SKILLS Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary;
No data available. Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach-
ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
Archivists; Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Education; Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nurs-
Postsecondary; Art, Drama, and Music Teachers,
ing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Fi-
Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space
Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collec-
tions Specialists; Biological Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Chem-
istry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Com- others. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
munications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science
Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law En- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Architec-
forcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics tural Engineering; Architecture (BArch, BA/BS, MArch,
Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, MA/MS, PhD); City/Urban, Community and Regional
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, Planning; Environmental Design/Architecture; Interior
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School Architecture; Landscape Architecture (BS, BSLA, BLA,
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach- MSLA, MLA, PhD); Teacher Education and Professional
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach- Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other. RELATED
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural

Studies Teachers, Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses pertaining to the culture and development pares and delivers lectures to students. Compiles, admin-
of an area (e.g., Latin America), an ethnic group, or any isters, and grades examinations or assigns this work to oth-
other group (e.g., womens studies, urban affairs). Pre- ers. Advises students on academic and vocational curricula.
___________________________________ Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
Conducts research in particular field of knowledge and cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
publishes findings in professional journals. Acts as adviser Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
to student organizations. Serves on faculty committee pro- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
viding professional consulting services to government and Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
industry. Directs research of other teachers or graduate Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
A
students working for advanced academic degrees. Com- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
piles bibliographies of specialized materials for outside read- Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
ing assignments. Stimulates class discussions. Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Speak- Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively. Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
information for both current and future problem-solving Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others.
and decision-making. Learning Strategies: Selecting and PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
using training/instructional methods and procedures ap- quently involve working with, communicating with, and
propriate for the situation when learning or teaching new teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
things. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as or providing service to others.
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Active Listen-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)African
ing: Giving full attention to what other people are saying,
Studies; African-American/Black Studies; American In-
taking time to understand the points being made, asking
dian/Native American Studies; American/United States
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
priate times. Studies/Civilization; Area Studies, Other; Area, Ethnic,
Cultural, and Gender Studies, Other; Asian Studies/Civi-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education lization; Asian-American Studies; Balkans Studies; Baltic
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Studies; Canadian Studies; Caribbean Studies; Central/
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- Middle and Eastern European Studies; Chinese Studies;
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and Commonwealth Studies; East Asian Studies; Ethnic, Cul-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; tural Minority, and Gender Studies, Other; European
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Studies/Civilization; French Studies; Gay/Lesbian Stud-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Art, ies; German Studies; Hispanic-American, Puerto Rican,
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, and Mexican-American/Chicano Studies; Intercultural/
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Multicultural and Diversity Studies; Islamic Studies; Ital-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- ian Studies; Japanese Studies; Jewish/Judaic Studies; Ko-
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- rean Studies; Latin American Studies; Near and Middle
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Eastern Studies; Pacific Area/Pacific Rim Studies; Polish
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Studies; Regional Studies (U.S., Canadian, Foreign); Re-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; ligion/Religious Studies, Other; Russian Studies; Scandi-
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, navian Studies; Slavic Studies; Social Studies Teacher
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, Education; South Asian Studies; Southeast Asian Studies;
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Spanish and Iberian Studies; Tibetan Studies; Ukraine
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School Studies; Ural-Altaic and Central Asian Studies; Western
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special European Studies; Womens Studies. RELATED
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training:
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit- and groups, and the measurement of training effects. So-
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva- ciology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group behav-
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, ior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human
Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe- migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and their history and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
origins. English Language: Knowledge of the structure tions and cultures. Psychology: Knowledge of human be-
and content of the English language, including the mean- havior and performance; individual differences in ability,
ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram- personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
mar. History and Archeology: Knowledge of historical chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civiliza- ment of behavioral and affective disorders.

plus degree
Art Directors Annual Earnings: $59,800
Growth: 21.1%
Part-Time: 20.0%
Formulate design concepts and presentation approaches. Work in Arts, Entertainment, and Media. Other Job Titles
Direct workers engaged in artwork, layout design, and in This Work Group: Agents and Business Managers of
copy writing for visual communications media, such as Artists, Performers, and Athletes; Producers; Producers and
magazines, books, newspapers, and packaging. Assigns Directors; Program Directors; Technical Directors/Man-
and directs staff members to develop design concepts into agers. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupa-
art layouts or prepare layouts for printing. Formulates ba- tions frequently involve working with forms, designs, and
sic layout design or presentation approach and conceives patterns. They often require self-expression, and the work
material details, such as style and size of type, photographs, can be done without following a clear set of rules.
graphics, and arrangement. Reviews and approves art and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Graphic
copy materials developed by staff as well as proofs of printed
copy. Reviews illustrative material and confers with client Design; Intermedia/Multimedia. RELATED KNOWL-
EDGE/COURSESDesign: Knowledge of design tech-
concerning objectives; budget; background information;
niques, tools, and principles involved in production of
and presentation approaches, styles, and techniques. Writes
precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and mod-
typography instructions, such as margin widths and type
els. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques
sizes, and submits for typesetting or printing. Draws cus-
required to compose, produce, and perform works of
tom illustrations for project. Marks up, pastes, and com-
pletes layouts to prepare for printing. Prepares detailed music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Adminis-
tration and Management: Knowledge of business and
storyboard showing sequence and timing of story devel-
opment for television production. Presents final layouts
source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
to client for approval. Confers with creative, art, copy
writing, or production department heads to discuss client
people and resources. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge
requirements, outline presentation concepts, and coordi-
nate creative activities. SKILLSCoordination: Adjust- of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and
selling products or services. This includes marketing strat-
ing actions in relation to others actions. Active Learning:
egy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques,
Understanding the implications of new information for
and sales control systems. Telecommunications: Knowl-
both current and future problem-solving and decision-
edge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and
making. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa-
operation of telecommunications systems. English Lan-
tion effectively. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and
product requirements to create a design. Persuasion: Per- guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
English language, including the meaning and spelling of
suading others to change their minds or behavior. Time
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Communica-
tions and Media: Knowledge of media production, com-
others.
munication, and dissemination techniques and methods.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.01. Managerial written, oral, and visual media.
___________________________________________ Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary

Art, Drama, and Music
Growth: 23.5%
A
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts, including Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
fine and applied art, such as painting and sculpture, or Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
design and crafts. Prepares and delivers lectures to stu- Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
dents. Stimulates class discussions. Compiles bibliographies ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
of specialized materials for outside reading assignments. Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
Compiles, administers, and grades examinations or assigns erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
this work to others. Advises students on academic and tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
vocational curricula. Directs research of other teachers or Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
graduate students working for advanced academic degrees. cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
Conducts research in particular field of knowledge and Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
publishes findings in professional journals. Serves on fac- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
ulty committee providing professional consulting services Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
to government and industry. Acts as adviser to student Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
organizations. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-re- Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
lated documents. Instructing: Teaching others how to do Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
something. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using train- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
the situation when learning or teaching new things. Writ- Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
for the needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
to convey information effectively. Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others.
frequently involve working with forms, designs, and pat-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- terns. They often require self-expression, and the work
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Art His-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; tory, Criticism and Conservation; Art/Art Studies, Gen-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, eral; Arts Management; Ceramic Arts and Ceramics;
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Cinematography and Film/Video Production; Commer-
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teach- cial Photography; Conducting; Crafts/Craft Design, Folk
ers, Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Art, and Artisanry; Dance, General; Design and Applied
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Arts, Other; Design and Visual Communications, Gen-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, eral; Directing and Theatrical Production; Drama and
Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Communications Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General; Dramatic/Theatre Arts
Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, and Stagecraft, Other; Fashion/Apparel Design; Fiber, Tex-
Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement tile, and Weaving Arts; Film/Cinema Studies; Film/Video
Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, and Photographic Arts, Other; Fine Arts and Art Studies,
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Other; Fine/Studio Arts, General; Graphic
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School Design; Industrial Design; Interior Design; Intermedia/
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Multimedia; Jazz/Jazz Studies; Metal and Jewelry Arts; tion and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods
Music History, Literature, and Theory; Music Management for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruc-
and Merchandising; Music Pedagogy; Music Performance, tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
General; Music Theory and Composition; Music, Other; training effects. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
Musicology and Ethnomusicology; Painting; Photography; ture and content of the English language, including the
Piano and Organ; Playwriting and Screenwriting; meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
Printmaking; Sculpture; Technical Theatre/Theatre Design grammar. Administration and Management: Knowledge
and Technology; Theatre Literature, History, and Criti- of business and management principles involved in strate-
cism; Theatre/Theatre Arts Management; Violin, Viola, gic planning, resource allocation, human resources model-
Guitar, and Other Stringed Instruments; Visual and Per- ing, leadership technique, production methods, and
forming Arts, General; Visual and Performing Arts, Other; coordination of people and resources. Communications
Voice and Opera. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/ and Media: Knowledge of media production, communi-
COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and tech- cation, and dissemination techniques and methods. This
niques required to compose, produce, and perform works includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via writ-
of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Educa- ten, oral, and visual media.

vocational training
Assessors Growth: 18.0%
Part-Time: 16.6%
Appraise real and personal property to determine its fair Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Auditors;
value. May assess taxes in accordance with prescribed Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and In-
schedules. Appraises real and personal property, such as air- vestigators; Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty In-
craft, marine craft, buildings, and land, to determine fair surance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis
value. Writes and submits appraisal and tax reports for public Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Employment
record. Interprets property laws, formulates operational Interviewers, Private or Public Employment Service; Em-
policies, and directs assessment office activities. Assesses and ployment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; Finan-
computes taxes according to prescribed tax tables and sched- cial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and Labor
ules. Inspects property, considering factors such as market Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Ex-
value, location, and building or replacement costs, to de- aminers, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto
termine appraisal value. SKILLSReading Comprehen- Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Re-
work-related documents. Judgment and Decision Making: search Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential ac- and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except
tions to choose the most appropriate one. Writing: Com- Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners,
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Develop-
of the audience. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve ment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
problems. Systems Analysis: Determining how a system Products. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con-
should work and how changes in conditions, operations, ventional occupations frequently involve following set
and the environment will affect outcomes. procedures and routines. These occupations can include
working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Real
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and Estate. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
________________________________________________________ Athletes and Sports Competitors
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, agency rules, and the democratic political process. English
calculus, and statistics and their applications. Economics Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and accounting English language, including the meaning and spelling of
principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and words, rules of composition, and grammar. Building and
the analysis and reporting of financial data. Law and Gov- Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
A
ernment: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings,
precedents, government regulations, executive orders, or other structures, such as highways and roads.
Education/Training Required: Long-term on-the-

job training
Athletes and Annual Earnings: $43,730
Growth: 22.5%
Sports Competitors Annual Job Openings: 3,000
Part-Time: 25.3%
Compete in athletic events. Participates in athletic events Trainers and Aerobics Instructors; Umpires, Referees, and
and competitive sports, according to established rules and Other Sports Officials. PERSONALITY TYPEEnter-
regulations. Plays professional sport and is identified ac- prising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve start-
cording to sport played, such as football, basketball, base- ing up and carrying out projects. These occupations can
ball, hockey, or boxing. Represents team or professional involve leading people and making many decisions. They
sports club, speaking to groups involved in activities such sometimes require risk taking and often deal with busi-
as sports clinics and fundraisers. Exercises and practices ness.
under direction of athletic trainer or professional coach to
prepare and train for competitive events. SKILLSMoni- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health
and Physical Education, General. RELATED KNOWL-
toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that
EDGE/COURSESBiology: Knowledge of plant and
of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
animal organisms and their tissues, cells, functions, inter-
ments or take corrective action. Coordination: Adjusting
dependencies, and interactions with each other and the
actions in relation to others actions. Active Learning:
environment. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physi-
both current and future problem-solving and decision- cal principles and laws and their interrelationships and
applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmo-
spheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and
tion effectively. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
sub-atomic structures and processes. Psychology: Knowl-
what other people are saying, taking time to understand
edge of human behavior and performance; individual dif-
the points being made, asking questions as appropriate,
ferences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and
and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Learning
Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional meth- motivation; psychological research methods; and the as-
sessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disor-
ods and procedures appropriate for the situation when
ders. Communications and Media: Knowledge of media
learning or teaching new things. Social Perceptiveness:
production, communication, and dissemination tech-
Being aware of others reactions and understanding why
niques and methods. This includes alternative ways to in-
they react as they do.
form and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.10. Sports: Coach- methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
ing, Instructing, Officiating, and Performing. Other Job instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
Titles in This Work Group: Coaches and Scouts; Fitness ment of training effects.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine,

and Space Sciences Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in the physical sciences, except chemistry ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
and physics. SKILLSNo data available. Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical;
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- Education; Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nurs-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area,
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others. PERSONAL-
Collections Specialists; Biological Science Teachers,
ITY TYPENo data available.
Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Chem-
istry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Com- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Acous-
munications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science tics; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Atmospheric Chemistry and
Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law En- Climatology; Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics; Atmo-
forcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics spheric Sciences and Meteorology, General; Atmospheric
Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Sciences and Meteorology, Other; Atomic/Molecular Phys-
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, ics; Elementary Particle Physics; Geochemistry; Geochem-
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School istry and Petrology; Geological and Earth Sciences/
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach- Geosciences, Other; Geology/Earth Science, General;
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach- Geophysics and Seismology; Hydrology and Water Re-
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, sources Science; Meteorology; Nuclear Physics; Oceanog-
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; raphy, Chemical and Physical; Optics/Optical Sciences;
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Paleontology; Physics Teacher Education; Physics, Other;
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Planetary Astronomy and Science; Plasma and High-Tem-
Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; perature Physics; Science Teacher Education/General Sci-
Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach- ence Teacher Education; Solid State and Low-Temperature
ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Physics; Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. RELATED
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
_______________________________________________________________________ Audiologists

Audiologists Growth: 44.7%
A
Part-Time: 20.8%
Assess and treat persons with hearing and related disor- pist Assistants; Occupational Therapists; Physical Thera-
ders. May fit hearing aids and provide auditory training. pist Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants; Physical Thera-
May perform research related to hearing problems. Re- pists; Radiation Therapists; Recreational Therapists;
fers clients to additional medical or educational services if Respiratory Therapists; Respiratory Therapy Technicians;
needed. Advises educators or other medical staff on speech Speech-Language Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PER-
or hearing topics. Counsels and instructs clients in tech- SONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently
niques to improve speech or hearing impairment, includ- involve working with, communicating with, and teach-
ing sign language or lip-reading. Evaluates hearing and ing people. These occupations often involve helping or
speech/language test results and medical or background providing service to others.
information to determine hearing or speech impairment
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Audiol-
and treatment. Conducts or directs research and reports
findings on speech or hearing topics to develop proce- ogy/Audiologist and Hearing Sciences; Audiology/Audi-
ologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist;
dures, technology, or treatments. Administers hearing or
Communication Disorders Sciences and Services, Other;
speech/language evaluations, tests, or examinations to pa-
Communication Disorders, General. RELATED
tients to collect information on type and degree of im-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTherapy and Counseling:
pairment. Participates in conferences or training to update
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for
or share knowledge of new hearing or speech disorder treat-
ment methods or technology. Records and maintains re- diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and
mental dysfunctions and for career counseling and guid-
ports of speech or hearing research or treatments. Plans
ance. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
and conducts prevention and treatment programs for cli-
content of the English language, including the meaning
ents hearing or speech problems. SKILLSReading
and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
mar. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the infor-
paragraphs in work-related documents. Writing: Commu-
nicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs mation and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
of the audience. Instructing: Teaching others how to do
symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
something. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Educa-
mation effectively. Learning Strategies: Selecting and us-
tion and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods
ing training/instructional methods and procedures
for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruc-
appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching
new things. Active Learning: Understanding the implica- tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
training effects. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
tions of new information for both current and future prob-
edge of principles and procedures for personnel recruit-
lem-solving and decision-making. Critical Thinking:
ment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and
relations and negotiation, and personnel information sys-
weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or ap-
tems. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
proaches to problems.
business and management principles involved in strategic
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy. leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Massage Thera- nation of people and resources.
pists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Occupational Thera-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Auditors

Growth: 18.5%
Part-Time: 7.8%
Examine and analyze accounting records to determine sions, or approaches to problems. Mathematics: Using
financial status of establishment and prepare financial mathematics to solve problems. Reading Comprehension:
reports concerning operating procedures. Reviews data Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, related documents. Complex Problem Solving: Identify-
surplus, income, and expenditures. Reports to manage- ing complex problems and reviewing related information
ment about asset utilization and audit results and recom- to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
mends changes in operations and financial activities.
Analyzes data for deficient controls; duplicated effort; ex-
travagance; fraud; or non-compliance with laws, regula-
tions, and management policies. Examines payroll and
personnel records to determine workers compensation Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses-
coverage. Verifies journal and ledger entries by examining
sors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and
inventory. Directs activities of personnel engaged in fil-
Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty
ing, recording, compiling, and transmitting financial
Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Spe-
records. Supervises auditing of establishments and deter-
cialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Employment
mines scope of investigation required. Examines records
and interviews workers to ensure recording of transactions Interviewers, Private or Public Employment Service; Em-
ployment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; Finan-
and compliance with laws and regulations. Evaluates tax-
cial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and Labor
payer finances to determine tax liability, using knowledge
Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Ex-
of interest and discount, annuities, valuation of stocks and
aminers, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto
bonds, and amortization valuation of depletable assets.
Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan
Confers with company officials about financial and regu-
latory matters. Examines records, tax returns, and related Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Re-
search Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents
documents pertaining to settlement of decedents estate.
and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except
Audits records to determine unemployment insurance
Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners,
premiums, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws. Re-
Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Develop-
views taxpayer accounts and conducts audits on-site, by
ment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office. In-
spects cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, nego- Products. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con-
ventional occupations frequently involve following set
tiable securities, and canceled checks. Analyzes annual
procedures and routines. These occupations can include
reports, financial statements, and other records, using ac-
cepted accounting and statistical procedures, to determine
financial condition. Inspects account books and system
for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted account- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
ing procedures to record transactions. SKILLSSystems ing; Accounting and Business/Management; Accounting
Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators of system and Computer Science; Accounting and Finance; Audit-
performance and the actions needed to improve or cor- ing; Taxation. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
rect performance relative to the goals of the system. Criti- Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
_____________________________________________________ Automatic Teller Machine Servicers
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom- people and resources. Law and Government: Knowledge
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Admin- of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, govern-
istration and Management: Knowledge of business and ment regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the
management principles involved in strategic planning, re- democratic political process. English Language: Knowl-
source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership edge of the structure and content of the English language,
A
technique, production methods, and coordination of including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-

job training
Automatic Teller Machine Annual Earnings: $32,890
Growth: 14.2%
Servicers Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.5%
Collect deposits and replenish automatic teller machines Operators and Tenders; Word Processors and Typists.
with cash and supplies. Removes money canisters from PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
ATM and replenishes machine supplies, such as deposit frequently involve work activities that include practical,
envelopes, receipt paper, and cash. Counts cash and items hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
deposited by customers and compares to transactions in- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
dicated on transaction tape from ATM. Records transac- and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
tion information on form or log and notifies designated outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
personnel of discrepancies. Tests machine functions and closely with others.
balances machine cash account, using electronic keypad.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
Corrects malfunctions, such as jammed cash or paper, or
Machine Repair; Computer Installation and Repair Tech-
calls repair personnel when ATM needs repair. SKILLS
nology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Writ-
COURSESMathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
gebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
for the needs of the audience. Critical Thinking: Using
logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weak- tions. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit
boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com-
nesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches
puter hardware and software, including applications and
to problems. Troubleshooting: Determining causes of
programming. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis-
operating errors and deciding what to do about them.
trative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business processing, managing files and records, stenography and
Detail. Work Group: 09.09. Clerical Machine Operation. transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Billing, Posting, and terminology. Geography: Knowledge of principles and
and Calculating Machine Operators; Computer Opera- methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air
tors; Data Entry Keyers; Duplicating Machine Operators; masses, including their physical characteristics, locations,
Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and
Service; Mail Machine Operators, Preparation and Han- human life. Telecommunications: Knowledge of trans-
dling; Office Machine Operators, Except Computer; Postal mission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation
Service Clerks; Typesetting and Composing Machine of telecommunications systems.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

job training
Automotive Body Annual Earnings: $32,490
Growth: 10.2%
and Related Repairers Annual Job Openings: 18,000
Part-Time: 8.6%
Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
straighten vehicle frames. Positions dolly block against Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
surface of dented area and beats opposite surface to re-
move dents, using hammer. Straightens bent automobile
or other vehicle frames, using pneumatic frame-straight-
ening machine. Paints and sands repaired surface, using
paint spray gun and motorized sander. Removes damaged Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine
Specialists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians;
fenders and panels, using wrenches and cutting torch, and
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Glass
installs replacement parts, using wrenches or welding
Installers and Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics;
equipment. Fits and secures windows, vinyl roof, and metal
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automo-
trim to vehicle body, using caulking gun, adhesive brush,
tive Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and
and mallet. Cuts opening in vehicle body for installation
of customized windows, using templates and power shears Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel En-
gine Specialists; Camera and Photographic Equipment
or chisel. Fills depressions with body filler and files, grinds,
Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine
and sands repaired surfaces, using power tools and hand
Servicers and Repairers; Control and Valve Installers and
tools. Measures and marks vinyl material and cuts mate-
Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment
rial to size for roof installation, using rule, straightedge,
Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand and Portable
and hand shears. Adjusts or aligns headlights, wheels, and
brake system. Reads specifications or confers with customer Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air Conditioning
Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration
to determine custom modifications to alter appearance of
Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectricians; Help-
vehicle. Removes upholstery, accessories, electrical win-
ersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; In-
dow and seat operating equipment, and trim to gain ac-
dustrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument
cess to vehicle body and fenders. Cuts and tapes plastic
separating film to outside repair area to avoid damaging
surrounding surfaces during repair procedure. Examines Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; Maintenance
Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medi-
vehicle to determine extent and type of damage. Peels sepa-
rating film from repair area and washes repaired surface
Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment
with water. Mixes polyester resin and hardener to be used
in restoring damaged area. Soaks fiberglass matting in resin
mixture and applies layers of matting over repair area to
specified thickness. Cuts away damaged fiberglass from Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; Optical In-
automobile body, using air grinder. Cleans work area, us-
ing air hose to remove damaged material and to remove
Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
discarded fiberglass strips used in repair procedures.
Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other;
SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines or systems, us-
ing the needed tools. Installation: Installing equipment,
machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. hicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instrument Re-
pairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed
Technology Design: Generating or adapting equipment
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and
and technology to serve user needs. Quality Control
Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repair-
Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of products,
ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupa-
_________________________________________________________ Automotive Master Mechanics
tions frequently involve work activities that include prac- materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
tical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, such as highways and roads. Design: Knowledge of de-
tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require sign techniques, tools, and principles involved in produc-
working outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or tion of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
A
working closely with others. models. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
principles and processes for providing customer and per-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Auto
sonal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
Body/Collision and Repair Technology/Technician. RE-
meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of
customer satisfaction. Physics: Knowledge and prediction
Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, of physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at-
Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practi-
mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic,
cal application of engineering science and technology. This
and sub-atomic structures and processes. Mathematics:
includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
equipment to the design and production of various goods
statistics and their applications.
and services. Building and Construction: Knowledge of

vocational training
Automotive Annual Earnings: $29,510
Growth: 18.0%
Master Mechanics Annual Job Openings: 104,000
Part-Time: 6.8%
Repair automobiles, trucks, buses, and other vehicles. wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Critical Think-
Master mechanics repair virtually any part on the ve- ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths
hicle or specialize in the transmission system. Repairs and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or
and overhauls defective automotive units, such as engines, approaches to problems.
transmissions, or differentials. Installs and repairs accesso-
ries, such as radios, heaters, mirrors, and windshield wip-
ers. Repairs damaged automobile bodies. Rebuilds parts Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechani-
such as crankshafts and cylinder blocks. Aligns front end.
Examines vehicles and discusses extent of damage or mal-
function with customer. Replaces and adjusts headlights.
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body
Repairs radiator leaks. Repairs or replaces shock absorb-
and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and
ers. Repairs or replaces parts such as pistons, rods, gears,
valves, and bearings. Repairs manual and automatic trans- Repairers; Automotive Service Technicians and Mechan-
ics; Automotive Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Repairers;
missions. Repairs, relines, replaces, and adjusts brakes.
Bridge and Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and
Rewires ignition system, lights, and instrument panel.
Diesel Engine Specialists; Camera and Photographic
Overhauls or replaces carburetors, blowers, generators,
Equipment Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement
distributors, starts, and pumps. SKILLSRepairing: Re-
Machine Servicers and Repairers; Control and Valve In-
pairing machines or systems, using the needed tools.
Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating errors stallers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; Farm
Equipment Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand
and deciding what to do about them. Equipment Main-
and Portable Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air Con-
tenance: Performing routine maintenance on equipment
ditioning Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and
and determining when and what kind of maintenance is
Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectri-
needed. Installation: Installing equipment, machines,
cians; HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Workers; Industrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard In- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Alternative

strument Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Re- Fuel Vehicle Technology/Technician; Automobile/Automo-
pairers; Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; tive Mechanics Technology/Technician; Automotive Engi-
Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Re- neering Technology/Technician; Medium/Heavy Vehicle
pairers; Medical Appliance Technicians; Medical Equip- and Truck Technology/Technician; Vehicle Emissions In-
ment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile spection and Maintenance Technology/Technician. RE-
Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of
Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Com-
Optical Instrument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equip- puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
ment and Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Trans- cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
portation Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and hardware and software, including applications and program-
Tuners; Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, ming. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recre- practical application of engineering science and technol-
ational Vehicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instru- ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
ment Repairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; dures, and equipment to the design and production of
Stringed Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers various goods and services. Customer and Personal Ser-
and Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Re- vice: Knowledge of principles and processes for providing
pairers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc- customer and personal services. This includes customer
cupations frequently involve work activities that include needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services,
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Physics: Knowl-
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and their
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- interrelationships and applications to understanding fluid,
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, elec-
work or working closely with others. trical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.

vocational training
Automotive Service Annual Earnings: $29,510
Growth: 18.0%
Technicians and Mechanics Annual Job Openings: 104,000
Part-Time: 6.8%
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotive vehicles. and Repairers; Control and Valve Installers and Repairers,
SKILLSNo data available. Except Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment Mechanics;
Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool
Repairers; Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics;
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics
and Installers; HelpersElectricians; HelpersInstalla-
tion, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; Industrial Ma-
chinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument Repairers and
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; Maintenance and
Repair Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machin-
Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics; Automotive
ery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medical Appliance Tech-
Specialty Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock
nicians; Medical Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics;
Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine
Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Ex-
Specialists; Camera and Photographic Equipment Repair-
cept Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechan-
ers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers ics; Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic
_______________________________________________________ Automotive Specialty Technicians
Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers; lator Repairers; Watch Repairers. PERSONALITY
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me- TYPENo data available.
chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Alternative
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument
and Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Fuel Vehicle Technology/Technician; Automobile/Automo-
tive Mechanics Technology/Technician; Automotive Engi-
A
Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Vehicle Service Techni-
neering Technology/Technician; Medium/Heavy Vehicle
cians; Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
and Truck Technology/Technician; Vehicle Emissions In-
Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed Instrument Repairers
spection and Maintenance Technology/Technician. RE-
and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Changers; Valve and Regu-
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

vocational training
Automotive Annual Earnings: $29,510
Growth: 18.0%
Specialty Technicians Annual Job Openings: 104,000
Part-Time: 6.8%
Repair only one system or component on a vehicle, such what kind of maintenance is needed. Quality Control
as brakes, suspension, or radiator. Repairs, installs, and Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of products,
adjusts hydraulic and electromagnetic automatic lift services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
mechanisms used to raise and lower automobile windows,
seats, and tops. Repairs, overhauls, and adjusts automo- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics,
bile brake systems. Rebuilds, repairs, and tests automotive
injection units. Aligns and repairs wheels, axles, frames,
torsion bars, and steering mechanisms of automobiles.
Examines vehicle, compiles estimate of repair costs, and
secures customer approval to perform repairs. Tunes auto-
mobile engines and tests electronic computer components. and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and
Inspects, tests, repairs, and replaces automotive cooling
Service Technicians and Mechanics; Bicycle Repairers;
systems and fuel tanks. Inspects and tests new vehicles for
Bridge and Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck Mechanics and
damage, records findings, and makes repairs. Repairs and
Diesel Engine Specialists; Camera and Photographic
replaces defective ball joint suspension, brake shoes, and
Equipment Repairers; Coin, Vending, and Amusement
wheel bearings. Repairs, replaces, and adjusts defective
carburetor parts and gasoline filters. Converts vehicle fuel Machine Servicers and Repairers; Control and Valve In-
stallers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; Farm
systems from gasoline to butane gas operations and re-
Equipment Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; Hand
pairs and services operating butane fuel units. Installs and
and Portable Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air Con-
repairs automotive air-conditioning units. Repairs and
ditioning Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and
rebuilds clutch systems. Repairs and replaces automobile
Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectri-
leaf springs. Removes and replaces defective mufflers and
tailpipes from automobiles. Repairs and aligns defective cians; HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair
Workers; Industrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard In-
wheels of automobiles. SKILLSInstallation: Installing
strument Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Re-
equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet speci-
pairers; Maintenance and Repair Workers, General;
fications. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, us-
Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Re-
ing the needed tools. Troubleshooting: Determining
pairers; Medical Appliance Technicians; Medical Equip-
causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about
them. Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine ment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile
Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat
maintenance on equipment and determining when and
Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; and Truck Technology/Technician; Vehicle Emissions In-
Optical Instrument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equip- spection and Maintenance Technology/Technician. RE-
ment and Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Trans- LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of
portation Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
Tuners; Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Com-
All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recre- puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
ational Vehicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instru- cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
ment Repairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; hardware and software, including applications and program-
Stringed Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers ming. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
and Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Re- practical application of engineering science and technol-
pairers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc- ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
cupations frequently involve work activities that include dures, and equipment to the design and production of
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often various goods and services. Customer and Personal Ser-
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like vice: Knowledge of principles and processes for providing
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- customer and personal services. This includes customer
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services,
work or working closely with others. and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Physics: Knowl-
edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and their
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Alternative
interrelationships and applications to understanding fluid,
Fuel Vehicle Technology/Technician; Automobile/Automo-
material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, elec-
tive Mechanics Technology/Technician; Automotive Engi-
trical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.
neering Technology/Technician; Medium/Heavy Vehicle

job training
Bakers Growth: 16.8%
Mix and bake ingredients according to recipes to pro- Order; Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession,
duce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other and Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants
baked goods. SKILLSNo data available. and Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation
and Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Prepara-
tion Workers; Food Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and
Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This and Waitresses. PERSONALITY TYPENo data avail-
Work Group: Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartenders; Butch-
able.
ers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; Combined
Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Baking
Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, Insti- and Pastry Arts/Baker/Pastry Chef. RELATED KNOWL-
tution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short EDGE/COURSESNo data available.
_____________________________________________________________ Bakers, Bread and Pastry

job training
Bakers, Bread and Pastry Growth: 16.8%
Self-Employed: 8.2%
Part-Time: 38.5%
Mix and bake ingredients according to recipes to pro- All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, Institution and Caf-
duce small quantities of breads, pastries, and other baked eteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short Order; Counter
goods for consumption on premises or for sale as spe- Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop;
cialty baked goods. Weighs and measures ingredients, us- Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender
ing measuring cups and spoons. Mixes ingredients to form Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation and Serving Re-
dough or batter by hand or using electric mixer. Rolls and lated Workers, All Other; Food Preparation Workers; Food
B
shapes dough, using rolling pin, and cuts dough in uni- Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant,
form portions with knife, divider, or cookie cutter. Molds Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses. PER-
dough in desired shapes, places dough in greased or floured SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations fre-
pans, and trims overlapping edges with knife. Mixes and quently involve work activities that include practical,
cooks pie fillings and pours fillings into pie shells and tops hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
filling with meringue or cream. Checks production sched- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
ule to determine variety and quantity of goods to bake. and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
Spreads or sprinkles toppings on loaves or specialties and outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
places dough in oven, using long-handled paddle (peel). closely with others.
Covers filling with top crust, places pies in oven, and ad-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Baking
justs drafts or thermostatic controls to regulate oven tem-
and Pastry Arts/Baker/Pastry Chef. RELATED KNOWL-
peratures. Mixes ingredients to make icings; decorates cakes
and pastries; and blends colors for icings, shaped orna- EDGE/COURSESFood Production: Knowledge of
techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and har-
ments, and statuaries. Cuts, peels, and prepares fruit for
vesting food products (both plant and animal) for con-
pie fillings. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics
sumption, including storage/handling techniques.
to solve problems. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your
Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles
performance or that of other individuals or organizations
and processes for providing customer and personal ser-
to make improvements or take corrective action. Coordi-
nation: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. vices. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting
quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, satisfaction. Production and Processing: Knowledge of
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs,
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu-
Work Group: Bakers; Bartenders; Butchers and Meat facture and distribution of goods. Mathematics: Knowl-
Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; Combined Food Prepa- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
ration and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food; Cooks, statistics and their applications.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

job training
Bakers, Manufacturing Growth: 16.8%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.0%
Mix and bake ingredients according to recipes to pro- Operators; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Op-
duce breads, pastries, and other baked goods. Goods are erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating
produced in large quantities for sale through establish- and Coating Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal
ments such as grocery stores. Generally, high volume and Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing
production equipment is used. Measures flour and other Machine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators;
ingredients to prepare batters, dough, fillings, and icings, Extruding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
using scale and graduated containers. Places dough in pans, Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Machine
in molds, or on sheets and bakes dough in oven or on Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fi-
grill. Dumps ingredients into mixing-machine bowl or bers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
steam kettle to mix or cook ingredients according to spe- chine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
cific instructions. Decorates cakes. Applies glace, icing, or Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
other topping to baked goods, using spatula or brush. Rolls, Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
cuts, and shapes dough to form sweet rolls, pie crusts, tarts, Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
cookies, and related products prior to baking. Observes Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
color of products being baked and adjusts oven tempera- ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
ture. Develops new recipes for cakes and icings. SKILLS Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
that of other individuals or organizations to make improve- and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
ments or take corrective action. Equipment Selection: ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to Heaters, Metal and Plastic; HelpersProduction Work-
do a job. ers; others. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic
occupations frequently involve work activities that include
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood,
Job Titles in This Work Group: Bindery Machine Opera-
tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require
tors and Tenders; Brazers; Cementing and Gluing Machine
working outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or
Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equipment Controllers
working closely with others.
and Operators; Chemical Equipment Operators and Ten-
ders; Chemical Equipment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Baking
and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders; and Pastry Arts/Baker/Pastry Chef. RELATED KNOWL-
Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Operators and EDGE/COURSESProduction and Processing: Knowl-
Tenders; Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers; Combina- edge of raw materials, production processes, quality
tion Machine Tool Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plas- control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the
tic; Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Food Pro-
and Plastic; Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators duction: Knowledge of techniques and equipment for
and Tenders; Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both
Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/
Hand; Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Ten- handling techniques. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
ders; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Tenders; Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up applications.
____________________________________________________________ Bill and Account Collectors

job training
Bartenders Growth: 13.4%
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 43.1%
Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters
waitstaff. Mixes ingredients, such as liquor, soda, water, and Waitresses. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
sugar, and bitters, to prepare cocktails and other drinks. Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
Arranges bottles and glasses to make attractive display. and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
Slices and pits fruit for garnishing drinks. Orders or req- leading people and making many decisions. They some-
uisitions liquors and supplies. Prepares appetizers, such as times require risk taking and often deal with business.
B
pickles, cheese, and cold meats. Cleans glasses, utensils,
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
and bar equipment. Collects money for drinks served.
Bartending/Bartender. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Serves wine and draft or bottled beer. SKILLSService
COURSESCustomer and Personal Service: Knowledge
Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help people.
of principles and processes for providing customer and
personal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
priate for the needs of the audience.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, customer satisfaction. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This selling products or services. This includes marketing strat-
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Butchers egy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques,
and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; Combined and sales control systems. Law and Government: Knowl-
Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast edge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents,
Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, Insti- government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and
tution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short the democratic political process. Mathematics: Knowledge
Order; Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics
and Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and their applications. English Language: Knowledge of
and Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation the structure and content of the English language, includ-
and Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Prepara- ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
tion Workers; Food Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and tion, and grammar.

job training
Bill and Account Collectors Growth: 25.3%
Self-Employed: 1.2%
Part-Time: 12.7%
Locate and notify customers of delinquent accounts by proceedings or service disconnection; keeping records of
mail, telephone, or personal visit to solicit payment. Du- collection and status of accounts. Mails form letters to
ties include receiving payment and posting amount to customers to encourage payment of delinquent accounts.
customers account; preparing statements to credit depart- Receives payments and posts amount paid to customer
ment if customer fails to respond; initiating repossession account, using computer or paper records. Confers with
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
customer by telephone or in person to determine reason resentatives; Customer Service Representatives, Utilities;
for overdue payment and review terms of sales, service, or Gaming Cage Workers; Gaming Change Persons and
credit contract. Drives vehicle to visit customer, return Booth Cashiers; New Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; Re-
merchandise to creditor, or deliver bills. Sorts and files cor- ceptionists and Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks.
respondence and performs miscellaneous clerical duties. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
Traces delinquent customer to new address by inquiring at occupations frequently involve following set procedures
post office or questioning neighbors. Records information and routines. These occupations can include working with
about financial status of customer and status of collection data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
efforts. Notifies credit department, orders merchandise re- clear line of authority to follow.
possession or service disconnection, or turns over account
to attorney if customer fails to respond. Persuades customer EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Banking
and Financial Support Services. RELATED KNOWL-
to pay amount due on credit account, damage claim, or
EDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
nonpayable check or negotiates extension of credit.
ministrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as
SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to what
word processing, managing files and records, stenography
and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking cedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowledge of
arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
to others to convey information effectively. Persuasion:
their applications. Economics and Accounting: Knowl-
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. Writ-
for the needs of the audience. Reading Comprehension:
porting of financial data. English Language: Knowledge
related documents. of the structure and content of the English language, in-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business position, and grammar. Computers and Electronics:
Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Cash- equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
iers; Counter and Rental Clerks; Customer Service Rep- ing applications and programming.

on-the-job training
Billing and Posting Clerks Annual Earnings: $25,350
Growth: 8.5%
and Machine Operators Annual Job Openings: 69,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.8%
Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, sta- ing, Cost, and Rate Clerks; Bookkeeping, Accounting, and
tistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Auditing Clerks; Brokerage Clerks; Payroll and Timekeep-
Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for de- ing Clerks; Statement Clerks; Tax Preparers. PERSON-
livery or shipment of goods. SKILLSNo data avail- ALITY TYPENo data available.
able.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business ing Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping. RELATED
Detail. Work Group: 09.03. Bookkeeping, Auditing, and KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Accounting. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bill-
__________________________________________________________ Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks
Education/Training Required: Short-term on-the-job

training
Billing, Cost, Annual Earnings: $25,350
Growth: 8.5%
and Rate Clerks Annual Job Openings: 69,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 13.8%
Compile data, compute fees and charges, and prepare GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
invoices for billing purposes. Duties include computing Detail. Work Group: 09.03. Bookkeeping, Auditing, and
costs and calculating rates for goods, services, and ship- Accounting. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bill-
ment of goods; posting data; and keeping other relevant ing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators; Book-
records. May involve use of computer or typewriter, cal- keeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks; Brokerage
culator, and adding and bookkeeping machines. Com- Clerks; Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks; Statement Clerks;
B
putes amounts due from such documents as purchase Tax Preparers. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional.
orders, sales tickets, and charge slips. Compiles and com- Conventional occupations frequently involve following set
putes credit terms, discounts, and purchase prices for bill- procedures and routines. These occupations can include
ing documents. Keeps records of invoices and support working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
documents. Consults manuals that include rates, rules, ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
regulations, and government tax and tariff information.
Verifies compiled data from vendor invoices to ensure ac-
ing Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping. RELATED
curacy and revises billing data when errors are found. Re-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowl-
solves discrepancies on accounting records. Updates
edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems,
manuals when rates, rules, or regulations are amended.
Estimates market value of product or services. Answers such as word processing, managing files and records, ste-
nography and transcription, designing forms, and other
mail and telephone inquiries regarding rates, routing, and
office procedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowl-
procedures. Types billing documents, shipping labels, credit
edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
memorandums, and credit forms, using typewriter or com-
tics and their applications. Economics and Accounting:
puter. Compiles cost factor reports, such as labor, produc-
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
tion, storage, and equipment. SKILLSMathematics:
Using mathematics to solve problems. Reading Compre- practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
and reporting of financial data. English Language: Knowl-
in work-related documents. Active Listening: Giving full
position, and grammar. Customer and Personal Service:
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- tomer and personal services. This includes customer needs
priate for the needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to
evaluation of customer satisfaction.
others to convey information effectively.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Billing, Posting, training
and Calculating Machine Growth: 8.5%
Operators Annual Job Openings: 69,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.8%
Operate machines that automatically perform math- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business De-
ematical processes, such as addition, subtraction, multi- tail. Work Group: 09.09. Clerical Machine Operation.
plication, and division, to calculate and record billing, Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Automatic Teller
accounting, statistical, and other numerical data. Duties Machine Servicers; Computer Operators; Data Entry
include operating special billing machines to prepare Keyers; Duplicating Machine Operators; Mail Clerks and
statements, bills, and invoices and operating bookkeep- Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service; Mail Ma-
ing machines to copy and post data, make computations, chine Operators, Preparation and Handling; Office Ma-
and compile records of transactions. Calculates account- chine Operators, Except Computer; Postal Service Clerks;
ing and other numerical data, such as amounts customers Typesetting and Composing Machine Operators and Ten-
owe, sales totals, and inventory data, using calculating ders; Word Processors and Typists. PERSONALITY
machine. Observes operation of sorter to note document TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
machine cannot read and manually records amount, us- quently involve following set procedures and routines.
ing keyboard. Manually sorts and lists items for proof or These occupations can include working with data and
collection. Cleans machines, such as encoding or sorting details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
machines, and replaces ribbons, film, and tape. Bundles of authority to follow.
sorted documents to prepare those drawn on other banks
for collection. Transfers data from machine, such as en-
coding machine, to computer. Posts totals to records and
prepares bill or invoice to be sent to customers, using bill- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowl-
ing machine. Sorts and microfilms transaction documents,
such as word processing, managing files and records, ste-
such as checks, using sorting machine. Compares machine
totals to records for errors and encodes correct amount or
prepares correction record if error is found. Transcribes
data from office records, using specified forms, billing
machine, and transcribing machine. Encodes and adds tics and their applications. Computers and Electronics:
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
amounts of transaction documents, such as checks or
equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
money orders, using encoding machine. SKILLSMath-
ing applications and programming. Economics and Ac-
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Opera-
counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting
tion and Control: Controlling operations of equipment
principles and practices, the financial markets, banking,
or systems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. and the analysis and reporting of financial data. English
Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
words, rules of composition, and grammar.
________________________________________________________________________ Biochemists
Education/Training Required: Doctoral degree

Biochemists

Growth: 21.0%
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Research or study chemical composition and processes ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul-
of living organisms that affect vital processes such as tural and Food Science Technicians; Agricultural Techni-
growth and aging to determine chemical actions and ef- cians; Animal Scientists; Biochemists and Biophysicists;
fects on organisms, such as the action of foods, drugs, or Biological Scientists, All Other; Biologists; Biophysicists;
other substances on body functions and tissues. Studies Conservation Scientists; Environmental Scientists and
chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, Specialists, Including Health; Epidemiologists; Food Sci-
B
breathing, and digestion, and living energy changes, such ence Technicians; Food Scientists and Technologists; For-
as growth, aging, and death. Researches methods of trans- esters; Life Scientists, All Other; Medical Scientists, Except
ferring characteristics, such as resistance to disease, from Epidemiologists; Microbiologists; Plant Scientists; Range
one organism to another. Examines chemical aspects of Managers; Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Conservation-
formation of antibodies and researches chemistry of cells ists; Soil Scientists; Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists.
and blood corpuscles. Develops and executes tests to de- PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative oc-
tect disease, genetic disorders, or other abnormalities. cupations frequently involve working with ideas and re-
Develops and tests new drugs and medications used for quire an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations
commercial distribution. Designs and builds laboratory can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems
equipment needed for special research projects. Analyzes mentally.
foods to determine nutritional value and effects of cook-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Biochem-
ing, canning, and processing on this value. Cleans, puri-
istry; Biochemistry/Biophysics and Molecular Biology;
fies, refines, and otherwise prepares pharmaceutical
Biophysics; Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences,
compounds for commercial distribution. Prepares reports
Other; Molecular Biochemistry; Molecular Biophysics; Soil
and recommendations based upon research outcomes. De-
Chemistry and Physics; Soil Microbiology. RELATED
velops methods to process, store, and use food, drugs, and
chemical compounds. Isolates, analyzes, and identifies KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of
the chemical composition, structure, and properties of
hormones, vitamins, allergens, minerals, and enzymes and
substances and of the chemical processes and transforma-
determines their effects on body functions. Researches and
tions that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals
determines chemical action of substances such as drugs,
and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
serums, hormones, and food on tissues and vital processes.
and disposal methods. Biology: Knowledge of plant and
SKILLSScience: Using scientific rules and methods to
solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Understand- animal organisms and their tissues, cells, functions, inter-
environment. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
ments. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Critical Think-
tions. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths
and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or
approaches to problems. Active Learning: Understanding and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
mar. Building and Construction: Knowledge of materi-
the implications of new information for both current and
als, methods, and tools involved in the construction or
future problem-solving and decision-making.
repair of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, highways and roads.
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sci-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Biochemists Growth: 21.0%

and Biophysicists
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Study the chemical composition and physical principles Scientists; Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Includ-
of living cells and organisms, their electrical and me- ing Health; Epidemiologists; Food Science Technicians;
chanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct Food Scientists and Technologists; Foresters; Life Scien-
research to further understanding of the complex chemi- tists, All Other; Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiolo-
cal combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, gists; Microbiologists; Plant Scientists; Range Managers;
reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Conservationists; Soil Sci-
effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other entists; Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists. PERSONAL-
substances on tissues and vital processes of living organ- ITY TYPENo data available.
isms. SKILLSNo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, istry; Biochemistry/Biophysics and Molecular Biology;
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sci- Biophysics; Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences,
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul- Other; Molecular Biochemistry; Molecular Biophysics; Soil
tural and Food Science Technicians; Agricultural Chemistry and Physics; Soil Microbiology. RELATED
Technicians; Animal Scientists; Biochemists; Biological Sci- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
entists, All Other; Biologists; Biophysicists; Conservation

Biological Science Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in biological sciences. Prepares and deliv- ing Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional
ers lectures to students. Stimulates class discussions. Com- methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when
piles bibliographies of specialized materials for outside learning or teaching new things. Science: Using scientific
reading assignments. Compiles, administers, and grades rules and methods to solve problems. Writing: Commu-
examinations or assigns this work to others. Acts as ad- nicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
viser to student organizations. Serves on faculty commit- of the audience. Active Learning: Understanding the im-
tee providing professional consulting services to plications of new information for both current and future
government and industry. Conducts research in particu- problem-solving and decision-making. Critical Thinking:
lar field of knowledge and publishes findings in profes- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and
sional journals. Directs research of other teachers or weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or
graduate students working for advanced academic degrees. approaches to problems.
Advises students on academic and vocational curricula.
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser-
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Learn-
________________________________________________________________Biological Technicians
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; ing with ideas and require an extensive amount of think-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; ing. These occupations can involve searching for facts and
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, figuring out problems mentally.
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Anatomy;
Animal Physiology; Biochemistry; Biological and Biomedi-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
cal Sciences, Other; Biology/Biological Sciences, General;
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Busi-
Biometry/Biometrics; Biophysics; Biotechnology; Botany/
ness Teachers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers,
Plant Biology; Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology; Ecol-
Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Communications
ogy; Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biol-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement ogy, Other; Entomology; Evolutionary Biology;
Immunology; Marine Biology and Biological Oceanogra-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
phy; Microbiology, General; Molecular Biology; Neuro-
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
science; Nutrition Sciences; Parasitology; Pathology/
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
Experimental Pathology; Pharmacology; Plant Genetics;
B
Plant Pathology/Phytopathology; Plant Physiology; Radia-
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- tion Biology/Radiobiology; Toxicology; Virology; Zoology/
Animal Biology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of prin-
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
ciples and methods for curriculum and training design,
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
the measurement of training effects. Biology: Knowledge
cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other
and the environment. Psychology: Knowledge of human
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
ity, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
chological research methods; and the assessment and
Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Chemis-
try: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure,
Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
tion techniques, and disposal methods. English Language:
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan-
guage, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules
Education; others. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
of composition, and grammar.
tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve work-

Biological Technicians

Growth: 26.4%
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Assist biological and medical scientists in laboratories. tions, and calculate and record results. May analyze or-
Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments ganic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs. Sets up
and equipment, monitor experiments, make observa- laboratory and field equipment to assist research workers.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Cleans and maintains laboratory and field equipment and occupations frequently involve work activities that include
work areas. Examines animals and specimens to determine practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
presence of disease or other problems. Pricks animals and deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
collects blood samples for testing, using hand-held devices. wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
Plants seeds in specified area and counts plants that grow quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
to determine germination rate of seeds. Waters and feeds work or working closely with others.
rations to livestock and laboratory animals. Adjusts test-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Biology
ing equipment and prepares culture media, following stan-
Technician/Biotechnology Laboratory Technician. RE-
dard procedures. Measures or weighs ingredients used in
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBiology: Knowl-
testing or as animal feed. Records production and test data
for evaluation by personnel. SKILLSMathematics: Us- edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
ing mathematics to solve problems. Reading Comprehen-
other and the environment. Mathematics: Knowledge of
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in
work-related documents. Science: Using scientific rules
their applications. Food Production: Knowledge of tech-
and methods to solve problems. Equipment Selection:
niques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvest-
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to
do a job. ing food products (both plant and animal) for
consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and cleri-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.05. Laboratory cal procedures and systems, such as word processing, man-
Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: aging files and records, stenography and transcription,
Chemical Technicians; Environmental Science and Pro- designing forms, and other office procedures and termi-
tection Technicians, Including Health; Geological and nology. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the in-
Petroleum Technicians; Geological Data Technicians; Geo- formation and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
logical Sample Test Technicians; Nuclear Equipment Op- human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
eration Technicians; Nuclear Technicians; Photographers, symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
Scientific. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

Biologists

Growth: 21.0%
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Research or study basic principles of plant and animal ages wild animal populations. Measures salinity, acidity,
life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, light, oxygen content, and other physical conditions of
and functions. Studies basic principles of plant and ani- water to determine their relationship to aquatic life. Stud-
mal life, such as origin, relationship, development, ies reactions of plants, animals, and marine species to para-
anatomy, and functions. Studies aquatic plants and ani- sites. Investigates and develops pest management and
mals and environmental conditions affecting them, such control measures. Develops methods of extracting drugs
as radioactivity or pollution. Collects and analyzes bio- from aquatic plants and animals. Researches environmen-
logical data about relationship among and between or- tal effects of present and potential uses of land and water
ganisms and their environment. Identifies, classifies, and areas and determines methods of improving environ-
studies structure, behavior, ecology, physiology, nutrition, ment or crop yields. Plans and administers biological re-
culture, and distribution of plant and animal species. De- search programs for government, research firms, medical
velops methods and apparatus for securing representative industries, or manufacturing firms. Cultivates, breeds, and
plant, animal, aquatic, or soil samples. Studies and man- grows aquatic life, such as lobsters, clams, or fish farming.
________________________________________________________________ Biomedical Engineers
Prepares environmental impact reports for industry, gov- ALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations
ernment, or publication. Communicates test results to state frequently involve working with ideas and require an ex-
and federal representatives and general public. SKILLS tensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve
Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve prob- searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
lems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Biology/Biological Sciences, General; Biophysics; Cell/
priate for the needs of the audience. Mathematics: Using
Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other; Mo-
mathematics to solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using
lecular Biochemistry; Soil Microbiology. RELATED
logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weak-
nesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBiology: Knowledge of
plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
to problems. Active Learning: Understanding the impli-
cations of new information for both current and future
and the environment. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
problem-solving and decision-making.
B
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, applications. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical com-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sciences. position, structure, and properties of substances and of
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricultural and the chemical processes and transformations that they un-
Food Science Technicians; Agricultural Technicians; Ani- dergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interac-
mal Scientists; Biochemists; Biochemists and Biophysicists; tions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
Biological Scientists, All Other; Biophysicists; Conserva- methods. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
tion Scientists; Environmental Scientists and Specialists, and content of the English language, including the mean-
Including Health; Epidemiologists; Food Science Techni- ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
cians; Food Scientists and Technologists; Foresters; Life mar. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical
Scientists, All Other; Medical Scientists, Except Epidemi- principles and laws and their interrelationships and appli-
ologists; Microbiologists; Plant Scientists; Range Manag- cations to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric
ers; Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Conservationists; Soil dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-
Scientists; Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists. PERSON- atomic structures and processes.

Biomedical Engineers

Growth: 31.4%
Annual Job Openings: Fewer than 500
Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 4.5%
Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, and biome- neers; Computer Hardware Engineers; Computer Soft-
chanical principles to the design, development, and evalu- ware Engineers, Applications; Computer Software Engi-
ation of biological and health systems and products, such neers, Systems Software; Electrical Engineers; Electronics
as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medi- Engineers, Except Computer; Engineers, All Other; En-
cal information systems, and health management and vironmental Engineers; Fire-Prevention and Protection
care delivery systems. SKILLSNo data available. Engineers; Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining
Safety Engineers and Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; In-
dustrial Safety and Health Engineers; Landscape Archi-
tects; Marine Architects; Marine Engineers; Marine
Engineers and Naval Architects; Materials Engineers;
Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Architects, Except
Mechanical Engineers; Mining and Geological Engineers,
Landscape and Naval; Chemical Engineers; Civil Engi-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Including Mining Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Biomedi-

Petroleum Engineers; Product Safety Engineers; Sales cal/Medical Engineering. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Engineers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available. COURSESNo data available.

Biophysicists

Growth: 21.0%
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Research or study physical principles of living cells and and Specialists, Including Health; Epidemiologists; Food
organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and Science Technicians; Food Scientists and Technologists;
related phenomena. Studies physical principles of living Foresters; Life Scientists, All Other; Medical Scientists,
cells and organisms and their electrical and mechanical Except Epidemiologists; Microbiologists; Plant Scientists;
energy. Investigates transmission of electrical impulses Range Managers; Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Conserva-
along nerves and muscles. Studies absorption of light by tionists; Soil Scientists; Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists.
chlorophyll in photosynthesis or by pigments of eye in- PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative oc-
volved in vision. Researches cancer treatment, using ra- cupations frequently involve working with ideas and re-
diation and nuclear particles. Analyzes functions of quire an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations
electronic and human brains, such as learning, thinking, can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems
and memory. Investigates dynamics of seeing and hear- mentally.
ing. Studies spatial configuration of submicroscopic mol-
ecules, such as proteins, using X-ray and electron EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Biochem-
microscope. Researches manner in which characteristics
Biophysics; Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences,
of plants and animals are carried through successive gen-
Other; Molecular Biochemistry; Molecular Biophysics; Soil
erations. Investigates damage to cells and tissues caused
Chemistry and Physics; Soil Microbiology. RELATED
by X rays and nuclear particles. Researches transforma-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBiology: Knowledge of
tion of substances in cells, using atomic isotopes.
SKILLSScience: Using scientific rules and methods to plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
and the environment. Physics: Knowledge and prediction
of physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
ments. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Active Learn-
ing: Understanding the implications of new information
for both current and future problem-solving and decision- and sub-atomic structures and processes. Mathematics:
making. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
statistics and their applications. Chemistry: Knowledge
lems.
of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, substances and of the chemical processes and transforma-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sci- tions that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul- and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
tural and Food Science Technicians; Agricultural and disposal methods. English Language: Knowledge of
Technicians; Animal Scientists; Biochemists; Biochemists the structure and content of the English language, includ-
and Biophysicists; Biological Scientists, All Other; Biolo- ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
gists; Conservation Scientists; Environmental Scientists tion, and grammar.
_________________________________________________________ Boat Builders and Shipwrights

training
Boat Builders Annual Earnings: $33,470
Growth: 8.2%
and Shipwrights Annual Job Openings: 161,000
Part-Time: 8.1%
Construct and repair ships or boats according to blue- Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers; Com-
prints. Cuts and forms parts, such as keel, ribs, sidings, mercial Divers; Construction Carpenters; Drywall and
and support structures and blocks, using woodworking Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Electricians;
hand tools and power tools. Constructs and shapes wooden Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and
frames, structures, and other parts according to blueprint Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet,
specifications, using hand tools, power tools, and measur- Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla-
B
ing instruments. Attaches metal parts, such as fittings, ziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazard-
plates, and bulkheads, to ship, using brace and bits, au- ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor,
gers, and wrenches. Establishes dimensional reference Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu-
points on layout and hull to make template of parts and factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operat-
locate machinery and equipment. Smoothes and finishes ing Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other
ship surfaces, using power sander, broadax, adze, and paint, Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construc-
and waxes and buffs surface to specified finish. Cuts out tion and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing,
defect, using power tools and hand tools, and fits and se- and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
cures replacement part, using caulking gun, adhesive, or tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
hand tools. Assembles and installs hull timbers and other and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
structures in ship, using adhesive, measuring instruments, Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip-
and hand tools or power tools. Measures and marks di- ment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
mensional lines on lumber, following template and using Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Rig-
scriber. Consults with customer or supervisor and reads gers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm
blueprint to determine necessary repairs. Attaches hoist Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Work-
to sections of hull and directs hoist operator to align parts ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv-
over blocks according to layout of boat. Marks outline of ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
boat on building dock, shipway, or mold loft according to Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
blueprint specifications, using measuring instruments and Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
crayon. Inspects boat to determine location and extent of cupations frequently involve work activities that include
defect. Positions and secures support structures on con- practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
struction area. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathemat- deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
ics to solve problems. Equipment Selection: Determining wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Op- quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
erations Analysis: Analyzing needs and product require- work or working closely with others.
ments to create a design. Repairing: Repairing machines
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Carpen-
or systems, using the needed tools. Installation: Installing
try/Carpenter. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet speci-
COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
fications.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Boilermakers; Brattice Builders; Brickmasons and designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowl-
Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet Installers; Ceiling Tile edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, production of various goods and services. Production and
drawings, and models. Engineering and Technology: Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production pro-
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci- cesses, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
ence and technology. This includes applying principles, maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of
techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and goods.

on-the-job training
Bookkeeping, Accounting, Annual Earnings: $26,540
Growth: 2.0%
and Auditing Clerks Annual Job Openings: 298,000
Part-Time: 32.8%
Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
financial records complete. Perform any combination of Detail. Work Group: 09.03. Bookkeeping, Auditing, and
routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to ob- Accounting. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bill-
tain primary financial data for use in maintaining ac- ing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators; Billing,
counting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, Cost, and Rate Clerks; Brokerage Clerks; Payroll and Time-
calculations, and postings pertaining to business trans- keeping Clerks; Statement Clerks; Tax Preparers. PER-
actions recorded by other workers. Records financial trans- SONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
actions and other account information to update and occupations frequently involve following set procedures
maintain accounting records. Evaluates records for accu- and routines. These occupations can include working with
racy of balances, postings, calculations, and other records data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
pertaining to business or operating transactions and rec- clear line of authority to follow.
onciles or notes discrepancies. Processes negotiable instru-
ments such as checks and vouchers. Compiles reports and
ing and Related Services, Other; Accounting Technology/
tables to show statistics related to cash receipts, expendi-
Technician and Bookkeeping. RELATED KNOWL-
tures, accounts payable and receivable, and profit and loss.
EDGE/COURSESEconomics and Accounting:
Performs financial calculations such as amounts due, bal-
ances, discounts, equity, and principal. Debits or credits Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
accounts. Complies with federal, state, and company poli-
and reporting of financial data. Clerical Studies: Knowl-
cies, procedures, and regulations. Verifies balances and
entries, calculations, and postings recorded by other work-
ers. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding
ments. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob- office procedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowl-
lems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
tics and their applications. English Language: Knowledge
people are saying, taking time to understand the points
of the structure and content of the English language, in-
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Communicat-
position, and grammar. Computers and Electronics:
ing effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of
the audience. Speaking: Talking to others to convey in- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
formation effectively. Management of Financial Re-
ing applications and programming.
sources: Determining how money will be spent to get the
work done and accounting for these expenditures.
____________________________________________________________________ Brattice Builders

on-the-job training
Brattice Builders Growth: 8.2%
Part-Time: 8.1%
Build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
in underground passageways to control the proper cir- tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
culation of air through the passageways and to the work- and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
ing places. Installs rigid and flexible air ducts to transport Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip-
air to work areas. Drills and blasts obstructing boulders to ment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
reopen ventilation shafts. Erects partitions to support roof Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Rig-
B
in areas unsuited to timbering or bolting. SKILLSIn- gers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm
stallation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or pro- Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Work-
grams to meet specifications. Equipment Selection: ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv-
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
do a job. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
others actions. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to cupations frequently involve work activities that include
evaluate quality or performance. Technology Design: Gen- practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
erating or adapting equipment and technology to serve deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
user needs. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
product requirements to create a design. quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat Carpentry/Carpenter. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brickmasons and COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet Installers; Ceiling Tile materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers; Com- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
mercial Divers; Construction Carpenters; Drywall and such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Electricians; Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Physics: Knowl-
Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and
Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla- their interrelationships and applications to understanding
ziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazard- fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechani-
ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, cal, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and pro-
Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu- cesses. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operat- practical application of engineering science and technol-
ing Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construc- dures, and equipment to the design and production of
tion and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, various goods and services.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Brazers Growth: 19.3%
Self-Employed: 3.7%
Part-Time: 8.6%
Braze together components to assemble fabricated metal Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, Tapers,
parts, using torch or welding machine and flux. Guides and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Operators and
torch and rod along joint of workpieces to heat to brazing Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Controlled Ma-
temperature, melt braze alloy, and bond workpieces to- chine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cooling and
gether. Cuts carbon electrodes to specified size and shape, Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; Crushing,
using cutoff saw. Removes workpiece from fixture, using Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and
tongs, and cools workpiece, using air or water. Cleans joints Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cutting and Slic-
of workpieces by using wire brush or by dipping them into ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting and Slicing
cleaning solution. Examines seam and rebrazes defective Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Design Print-
joints or broken parts. Connects hoses from torch to regu- ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Electrolytic
lator valves and cylinders of oxygen and specified fuel gas, Plating and Coating Machine Operators and Tenders,
acetylene or natural. Turns valves to start flow of gases, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Ma-
lights flame, and adjusts valves to obtain desired color and chine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
size of flame. Brushes flux onto joint of workpiece or dips Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Machine Set-
braze rod into flux to prevent oxidation of metal. Aligns Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Extruding and
and secures workpieces in fixtures, jigs, or vise, using rule, Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, Synthetic or
square, or template. Melts and separates brazed joints to Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Machine Setters,
remove and straighten damaged or misaligned components, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers; Ex-
using hand torch or furnace. Selects torch tip, flux, and truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine
brazing alloy from data charts or work order. Adjusts elec- Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers;
tric current and timing cycle of resistance welding machine Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Op-
to heat metal to bonding temperature. SKILLSOpera- erators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators; Film Labo-
tion and Control: Controlling operations of equipment ratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision;
or systems. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Operation Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; Food Cook-
Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven,
make sure a machine is working properly. Installation: Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass Cutting
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders and Sort-
meet specifications. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing ers, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polishing Work-
your performance or that of other individuals or organiza- ers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Heaters,
tions to make improvements or take corrective action. Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY TYPERe-
alistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work ac-
tivities that include practical, hands-on problems and
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other
solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Bakers, Manufacturing;
world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Cementing and the occupations require working outside and do not in-
Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip-
volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
ment Controllers and Operators; Chemical Equipment
Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equipment Tenders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Op- Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
erators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and Spraying COURSESEngineering and Technology: Knowledge
_________________________________________________________ Brickmasons and Blockmasons
of the practical application of engineering science and tech- goods. Building and Construction: Knowledge of mate-
nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro- rials, methods, and tools involved in the construction or
cedures, and equipment to the design and production of repair of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as
various goods and services. Principles of Mechanical De- highways and roads. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemi-
vices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their cal composition, structure, and properties of substances
designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Production and and of the chemical processes and transformations that
Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production pro- they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their
cesses, quality control, costs, and other techniques for interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and
maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of disposal methods.

Brickmasons Growth: 8.5%

and Blockmasons Annual Job Openings: 69,000
B
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.8%
Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, struc- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
tural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
terra-cotta block, with mortar and other substances to struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
construct or repair walls, partitions, arches, sewers, and Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
other structures. Lays and aligns bricks, blocks, or tiles to ers; Carpenters; Carpet Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers;
build or repair structures or high-temperature equipment, Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers; Commercial
such as cupola, kilns, ovens, or furnaces. Applies and Divers; Construction Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile
smoothes mortar or other mixture over work surface and Installers; Drywall Installers; Electricians; Explosives Work-
removes excess, using trowel and hand tools. Examines ers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erec-
brickwork or structure to determine need for repair. Mea- tors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles;
sures distance from reference points and marks guidelines Floor Sanders and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer,
to lay out work, using plumb bobs and levels. Breaks or and Scraper Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal
cuts bricks, tiles, or blocks to size, using edge of trowel, Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall;
hammer, or power saw. Removes burned or damaged brick Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building
or mortar, using sledgehammer, crowbar, chipping gun, and Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Oper-
or chisel. Sprays or spreads refractory material over brick- ating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Op-
work to protect against deterioration. Cleans working sur- erators; Painters, Construction and Maintenance;
face to remove scale, dust, soot, or chips of brick and Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment
mortar, using broom, wire brush, or scraper. Fastens or Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers;
fuses brick or other building material to structure with Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumb-
wire clamps, anchor holes, torch, or cement. Mixes speci- ers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track
fied amount of sand, clay, dirt, or mortar powder with Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refrac-
water to form refractory mixture. Calculates angles and tory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforc-
courses and determines vertical and horizontal alignment ing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough
of courses. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers;
to solve problems. Equipment Selection: Determining the Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters
kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Repair- and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons;
ing: Repairing machines or systems, using the needed tools. Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers
Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac- and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY
tions. TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as high-
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and ways and roads. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
of the occupations require working outside and do not repair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge of
involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
their applications. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mason/
physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
Masonry. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
methods, and tools involved in the construction or repair
and sub-atomic structures and processes.

Budget Analysts Growth: 14.6%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, sis: Determining how a system should work and how
and conformance with procedures and regulations. Ana- changes in conditions, operations, and the environment
lyze budgeting and accounting reports for the purpose will affect outcomes. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
of maintaining expenditure controls. Analyzes account- reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of al-
ing records to determine financial resources required to ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
implement program and submits recommendations for lems. Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or
budget allocations. Consults with unit heads to ensure indicators of system performance and the actions needed
adjustments are made in accordance with program changes to improve or correct performance relative to the goals of
to facilitate long-term planning. Testifies regarding pro- the system.
posed budgets before examining and fund-granting au-
thorities to clarify reports and gain support for estimated
budget needs. Directs compilation of data based on statis-
tical studies and analyses of past and current years to pre- ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and
pare budgets. Directs preparation of regular and special
budget reports to interpret budget directives and to estab-
sors; Auditors; Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investi-
lish policies for carrying out directives. Reviews operating
gators; Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty
budgets periodically to analyze trends affecting budget
Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Spe-
needs. Recommends approval or disapproval of requests
for funds. Advises staff on cost analysis and fiscal alloca- cialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Employment In-
terviewers, Private or Public Employment Service;
tions. Correlates appropriations for specific programs with
Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; Fi-
appropriations for divisional programs and includes items
nancial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and Labor
for emergency funds. Analyzes costs in relation to services
Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Ex-
performed during previous fiscal years to prepare com-
aminers, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto
parative analyses of operating programs. SKILLSMan-
agement of Financial Resources: Determining how money Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan
Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Re-
will be spent to get the work done and accounting for
search Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents
these expenditures. Judgment and Decision Making:
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential
Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Col-
actions to choose the most appropriate one. Mathemat-
lectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Development
ics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Systems Analy-
______________________________________Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
Products. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con- cations. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
ventional occupations frequently involve following set business and management principles involved in strategic
procedures and routines. These occupations can include planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu- leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
ally there is a clear line of authority to follow. nation of people and resources. Computers and Electron-
ics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
ing; Finance, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ware, including applications and programming. English
COURSESEconomics and Accounting: Knowledge of
economic and accounting principles and practices, the fi- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
nancial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting
of financial data. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
B
vocational training
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Annual Earnings: $33,570
Growth: 14.2%
Diesel Engine Specialists Annual Job Openings: 20,000
Self-Employed: 4.8%
Part-Time: 2.9%
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul trucks, buses, and and what kind of maintenance is needed. Installation:
all types of diesel engines. Includes mechanics working Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to
primarily with automobile diesel engines. Inspects de- meet specifications. Quality Control Analysis: Conduct-
fective equipment and diagnoses malfunctions, using test ing tests and inspections of products, services, or processes
instruments such as motor analyzers, chassis charts, and to evaluate quality or performance.
pressure gauges. Reads job orders and observes and listens
to operating equipment to ensure conformance to specifi-
cations or to determine malfunctions. Adjusts brakes, aligns
wheels, tightens bolts and screws, and reassembles equip-
ment. Operates valve-grinding machine to grind and re- Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine
set valves. Examines and adjusts protective guards, loose
bolts, and specified safety devices. Changes oil, checks
batteries, repairs tires and tubes, and lubricates equipment
and machinery. Attaches test instruments to equipment
Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automotive Specialty
and reads dials and gauges to diagnose malfunctions. Re-
conditions and replaces parts, pistons, bearings, gears, and Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders;
Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers; Coin,
valves. Inspects and verifies dimensions and clearances of
Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repair-
parts to ensure conformance to factory specifications. In-
ers; Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except
spects, repairs, and maintains automotive and mechanical
Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment Mechanics; Gas Ap-
equipment and machinery, such as pumps and compres-
pliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool Repair-
sors. Disassembles and overhauls internal combustion en-
gines, pumps, generators, transmissions, clutches, and rear ers; Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics; Heating,
Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and In-
ends. SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines or sys-
stallers; HelpersElectricians; HelpersInstallation,
tems, using the needed tools. Troubleshooting: Determin-
Maintenance, and Repair Workers; Industrial Machinery
ing causes of operating errors and deciding what to do
Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
about them. Equipment Maintenance: Performing rou-
Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; Maintenance and Repair
tine maintenance on equipment and determining when
Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machinery;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Mechanical Door Repairers; Medical Appliance Techni- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Diesel

cians; Medical Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Mechanics Technology/Technician; Medium/Heavy Ve-
Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Ex- hicle and Truck Technology/Technician. RELATED
cept Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechan- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical
ics; Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers; designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me- Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
and Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers; the design and production of various goods and services.
Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Vehicle Service Techni- Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
cians; Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners; ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed Instrument Repairers fective local, state, or national security operations for the
and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Changers; Valve and Regu- protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
lator Repairers; Watch Repairers. PERSONALITY Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve and laws and their interrelationships and applications to
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic struc-
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many tures and processes.
of the occupations require working outside and do not
involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

training
Bus Drivers, School Growth: 11.6%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 43.3%
Transport students or special clients, such as the elderly nicians; Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity; Driver/Sales
or persons with disabilities. Ensure adherence to safety Workers; Parking Lot Attendants; Taxi Drivers and Chauf-
rules. May assist passengers in boarding or exiting. Drives feurs. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occu-
bus to transport pupils over specified routes. Reports de- pations frequently involve work activities that include
lays or accidents. Regulates heating, lighting, and venti- practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
lating systems for passenger comfort. Complies with local deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
traffic regulations. Maintains order among pupils during wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
trip. Inspects bus and checks gas, oil, and water levels. quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
Makes minor repairs to bus. SKILLSOperation and work or working closely with others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Truck
Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other
and Bus Driver/Commercial Vehicle Operation. RE-
indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using the LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTransportation:
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people
needed tools.
or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta- costs and benefits. Public Safety and Security: Knowl-
tion. Work Group: 07.07. Other Services Requiring Driv- edge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strat-
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ambulance egies to promote effective local, state, or national security
Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Tech- operations for the protection of people, data, property,
________________________________________________________ Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity
and institutions. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl- sea, and air masses, including their physical characteris-
edge of principles and processes for providing customer tics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant,
and personal services. This includes customer needs as- animal, and human life. Law and Government: Knowl-
sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu- edge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents,
ation of customer satisfaction. Geography: Knowledge of government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and
principles and methods for describing the features of land, the democratic political process.

on-the-job training
Bus Drivers, Annual Earnings: $28,060
Growth: 17.4%
Transit and Intercity Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Self-Employed: 6.1%
Part-Time: 43.3%
B
Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route op- PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
erations, charters, and private carriage. May assist pas- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
sengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. Drives hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
vehicle over specified route or to specified destination ac- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
cording to time schedule to transport passengers, comply- and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
ing with traffic regulations. Assists passengers with baggage outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
and collects tickets or cash fares. Parks vehicle at loading closely with others.
area for passengers to board. Loads and unloads baggage
in baggage compartment. Advises passengers to be seated
and orderly while on vehicle. Inspects vehicle and checks and Bus Driver/Commercial Vehicle Operation. RE-
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTransportation:
gas, oil, and water before departure. Makes minor repairs
to vehicle and changes tires. Reports delays or accidents.
Records cash receipts and ticket fares. Regulates heating,
costs and benefits. Geography: Knowledge of principles
lighting, and ventilating systems for passenger comfort.
and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and
SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling operations
of equipment or systems. Repairing: Repairing machines air masses, including their physical characteristics, loca-
tions, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, ani-
or systems, using the needed tools. Operation Monitor-
mal, and human life. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
ing: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
sure a machine is working properly. Service Orientation:
uses, repair, and maintenance. Public Safety and Secu-
Actively looking for ways to help people. Time Manage-
rity: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, proce-
ment: Managing ones own time and the time of others.
dures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta- national security operations for the protection of people,
tion. Work Group: 07.07. Other Services Requiring Driv- data, property, and institutions. Customer and Personal
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ambulance Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for pro-
Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Tech- viding customer and personal services. This includes cus-
nicians; Bus Drivers, School; Driver/Sales Workers; Park- tomer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
ing Lot Attendants; Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs. services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Business Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in business administration and manage- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
ment, such as accounting, finance, human resources, la- Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
bor relations, marketing, and operations research. Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
SKILLSNo data available. Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Education; others. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
available.
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- ing; Actuarial Science; Business Administration and Man-
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teach- agement, General; Business Statistics; Business Teacher
ers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Communications Education; Business/Commerce, General; Business/Cor-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, porate Communications; Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneur-
Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement ial Studies; Finance, General; Financial Planning and
Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, Services; Franchising and Franchise Operations; Human
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School eral; Insurance; International Business/Trade/Commerce;
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special International Finance; International Marketing; Invest-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English ments and Securities; Labor and Industrial Relations; Lo-
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- gistics and Materials Management; Management Science,
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and General; Marketing Research; Marketing/Marketing Man-
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit- agement, General; Operations Management and Supervi-
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva- sion; Organizational Behavior Studies; Public Finance;
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Purchasing, Procurement/Acquisitions, and Contracts
Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe- Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, COURSESNo data available.
_______________________________________________ Calibration and Instrumentation Technicians

Calibration and
Growth: 10.8%
Instrumentation Technicians

Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 3.1%
Develop, test, calibrate, operate, and repair electrical, Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar-
mechanical, electromechanical, electrohydraulic, or elec- chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Car-
tronic measuring and recording instruments, apparatus, tographers and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil
and equipment. Plans sequence of testing and calibration Engineering Technicians; Construction and Building In-
program for instruments and equipment according to blue- spectors; Drafters, All Other; Electrical and Electronic En-
prints, schematics, technical manuals, and other specifi- gineering Technicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters;
cations. Performs preventative and corrective maintenance Electrical Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians;
of test apparatus and peripheral equipment. Confers with Electro-Mechanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Elec-
engineers, supervisor, and other technical workers to as- tronics Engineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians,
sist with equipment installation, maintenance, and repair Except Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering
techniques. Analyzes and converts test data, using math- Technicians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mapping
ematical formulas, and reports results and proposed modi- Technicians; Mechanical Drafters; Mechanical Engineer-
fications. Sets up test equipment and conducts tests on ing Technicians; Numerical Tool and Process Control Pro-
performance and reliability of mechanical, structural, or grammers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Surveying and
electromechanical equipment. Selects sensing, Mapping Technicians; Surveying Technicians; Surveyors.
telemetering, and recording instrumentation and circuitry. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
C
Disassembles and reassembles instruments and equipment, frequently involve work activities that include practical,
using hand tools, and inspects instruments and equipment hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
for defects. Sketches plans for developing jigs, fixtures, plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
instruments, and related nonstandard apparatus. Modi- and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
fies performance and operation of component parts and outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
circuitry to specifications, using test equipment and pre- closely with others.
cision instruments. SKILLSTechnology Design: Gen-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Com-
erating or adapting equipment and technology to serve
puter Engineering Technology/Technician; Computer
user needs. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind
Technology/Computer Systems Technology; Electrical and
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Quality Con-
Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other;
trol Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of prod-
Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
ucts, services, or processes to evaluate quality or
performance. Equipment Maintenance: Performing rou- Technology/Technician; Telecommunications Technology/
Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
tine maintenance on equipment and determining when
Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
and what kind of maintenance is needed. Active Listen-
ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
blueprints, drawings, and models. Mathematics: Knowl-
priate times. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve tics and their applications. Principles of Mechanical
Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
problems.
designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of en-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- gineering science and technology. This includes applying
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
design and production of various goods and services. Com-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro- ware and software, including applications and program-
cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hard- ming.

on-the-job training
Camera Operators, Television, Annual Earnings: $28,980
Growth: 25.8%
Video, and Motion Picture Annual Job Openings: 3,000
Self-Employed: 5.5%
Part-Time: 23.1%
Operate television, video, or motion picture camera to GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
photograph images or scenes for various purposes, such tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.08. Media Tech-
as TV broadcasts, advertising, video production, or mo- nology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audio
tion pictures. Sets up cameras, optical printers, and re- and Video Equipment Technicians; Broadcast Technicians;
lated equipment to produce photographs and special Film and Video Editors; Media and Communication
effects. Adjusts position and controls of camera, printer, Equipment Workers, All Other; Photographers; Profes-
and related equipment to produce desired effects, using sional Photographers; Radio Operators; Sound Engineer-
precision measuring instruments. Selects cameras, acces- ing Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic.
sories, equipment, and film stock to use during filming, Artistic occupations frequently involve working with
using knowledge of filming techniques, requirements, and forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-ex-
computations. Reads work order to determine specifica- pression, and the work can be done without following a
tions and location of subject material. Views film to re- clear set of rules.
solve problems of exposure control, subject and camera
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Audiovi-
movement, changes in subject distance, and related vari-
ables. Observes set or location for potential problems and sual Communications Technologies/Technicians, Other;
Cinematography and Film/Video Production; Radio and
to determine filming and lighting requirements. Analyzes
Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician. RE-
specifications to determine work procedures, sequence of
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESFine Arts:
operations, and machine setup. Reads charts and com-
putes ratios to determine variables, such as lighting, shut-
ter angles, filter factors, and camera distance. Instructs
camera operators regarding camera setup, angles, distances, arts, drama, and sculpture. Telecommunications: Knowl-
movement, and other variables and cues for starting and
operation of telecommunications systems. Physics: Knowl-
stopping filming. Exposes frames of film in sequential or-
edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and
der and regulates exposures and aperture to obtain special
their interrelationships and applications to understanding
effects. Confers with director and electrician regarding
fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechani-
interpretation of scene, desired effects, and filming and
lighting requirements. SKILLSOperation and Control: cal, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and pro-
cesses. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Tech-
nology Design: Generating or adapting equipment and
technology to serve user needs. Mathematics: Using math-
duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
ematics to solve problems. Equipment Selection: Deter-
mining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a
job. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
____________________________________________________________________ Caption Writers

on-the-job training
Caption Writers Growth: 28.4%
Part-Time: 18.5%
Write caption phrases of dialogue for hearing-impaired Work Group: Broadcast News Analysts; Interpreters and
and foreign language-speaking viewers of movie or tele- Translators; Public Relations Specialists; Reporters and
vision productions. Writes captions to describe music and Correspondents. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Ar-
background noises. Watches production and reviews cap- tistic occupations frequently involve working with forms,
tions simultaneously to determine which caption phrases designs, and patterns. They often require self-expression,
require editing. Enters commands to synchronize captions and the work can be done without following a clear set
with dialogue and place on the screen. Translates foreign of rules.
language dialogue into English language captions or En-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Broadcast
glish dialogue into foreign language captions. Operates
Journalism; Business/Corporate Communications; Com-
computerized captioning system for movies or television
productions for hearing-impaired and foreign language munication Studies/Speech Communication and Rheto-
ric; Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs,
speaking viewers. Oversees encoding of captions to mas-
Other; Creative Writing; English Composition; Family and
ter tape of television production. Discusses captions with
Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Communication;
directors or producers of movie and television productions.
Journalism; Mass Communication/Media Studies;
Edits translations for correctness of grammar, punctua-
Playwriting and Screenwriting; Technical and Business
tion, and clarity of expression. SKILLSWriting: Com-
C
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEn-
needs of the audience. Reading Comprehension: Under-
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Foreign
documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of a
foreign (non-English) language, including the meaning
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Monitoring: and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar,
and pronunciation. Communications and Media: Knowl-
Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of other
edge of media production, communication, and dissemi-
individuals or organizations to make improvements or take
nation techniques and methods. This includes alternative
corrective action. Critical Thinking: Using logic and rea-
ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual
soning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alter-
media. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit
native solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Operation and Control: Controlling operations of equip- boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com-
ment or systems. Speaking: Talking to others to convey
programming. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- processing, managing files and records, stenography and
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.03. News, Broad- transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
casting, and Public Relations. Other Job Titles in This and terminology.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Cardiovascular Technologists
Growth: 34.9%
and Technicians

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
of patients for diagnostic purposes. May conduct or as- people are saying, taking time to understand the points
sist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pul- being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in-
monary-functions, lung capacity, and similar tests. terrupting at inappropriate times. Operation and Con-
Operates diagnostic imaging equipment to produce control: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
trast enhanced radiographs of heart and cardiovascular Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro-
system. Injects contrast medium into blood vessels of pa- priate for the needs of the audience. Science: Using scien-
tient. Conducts electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, tific rules and methods to solve problems.
echocardiogram, stress testing, and other cardiovascular
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
tests, using specialized electronic test equipment, record-
ing devices, and laboratory instruments. Operates moni- Health Services. Work Group: 14.05. Medical Technol-
ogy. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Diagnostic
tor to measure and record functions of cardiovascular and
Medical Sonographers; Health Technologists and Techni-
pulmonary systems as part of cardiac catheterization team.
cians, All Other; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Tech-
Observes gauges, recorder, and video screens of data analy-
nicians; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists;
sis system during imaging of cardiovascular system. Con-
Medical Equipment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine Tech-
ducts tests of pulmonary system, using spirometer and
other respiratory testing equipment. Activates fluoroscope nologists; Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radiologic Techni-
cians; Radiologic Technologists; Radiologic Technologists
and camera to produce images used to guide catheter
and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative.
through cardiovascular system. Records variations in ac-
Investigative occupations frequently involve working with
tion of heart muscle, using electrocardiograph. Prepares
ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. These
and positions patients for testing. Records test results and
occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring
other data into patient s record. Reviews test results with
physician. Explains testing procedures to patient to ob- out problems mentally.
tain cooperation and reduce anxiety. Adjusts equipment EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cardiop-
and controls according to physicians orders or established ulmonary Technology/Technologist; Cardiovascular Tech-
protocol. Alerts physician to abnormalities or changes in nology/Technologist; Electrocardiograph Technology/
patient responses. Enters factors such as amount and qual- Technician; Perfusion Technology/Perfusionist. RE-
ity of radiation beam and filming sequence into computer. LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and
Assesses cardiac physiology and calculates valve areas from Dentistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
blood flow velocity measurements. Compares measure- needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and
ments of heart wall thickness and chamber sizes to stan- deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alterna-
dard norms to identify abnormalities. Observes ultrasound tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
display screen and listens to signals to acquire data for health-care measures. Computers and Electronics: Knowl-
measurement of blood flow velocities. Records analyses of edge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equip-
heart and related structures, using ultrasound equipment. ment, and computer hardware and software, including
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ- applications and programming. Biology: Knowledge of
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Op- tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other
eration Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other in- and the environment. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
dicators to make sure a machine is working properly. metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
____________________________________________________ Carpenter Assemblers and Repairers
applications. English Language: Knowledge of the struc- meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
ture and content of the English language, including the grammar.

on-the-job training
Carpenter Assemblers Annual Earnings: $33,470
Growth: 8.2%
and Repairers Annual Job Openings: 161,000
Part-Time: 8.1%
Perform a variety of tasks requiring a limited knowledge on Work in Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance.
of carpentry, such as applying siding and weatherboard Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Construction La-
to building exteriors or assembling and erecting prefab- borers; Grips and Set-Up Workers, Motion Picture Sets,
ricated buildings. Measures and marks location of studs, Studios, and Stages; Helpers, Construction Trades, All
leaders, and receptacle openings, using tape measure, tem- Other; HelpersBrickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonema-
plate, and marker. Cuts sidings and moldings, sections of sons, and Tile and Marble Setters; HelpersCarpenters;
weatherboard, openings in sheetrock, and lumber, using HelpersExtraction Workers; HelpersPainters, Paper-
hand tools and power tools. Lays out and aligns materials hangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons; Helpers
on worktable or in assembly jig according to specified in- Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters;
structions. Removes surface defects, using knife, scraper, HelpersRoofers; Highway Maintenance Workers; Sep-
wet sponge, electric iron, and sanding tools. Trims over- tic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners. PERSON-
lapping edges of wood or weatherboard, using portable ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
router or power saw and hand tools. Installs prefabricated involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
C
windows and doors, insulation, wall, ceiling and floor pan- problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
els, or siding, using adhesives, hoists, hand tools, and power mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
tools. Aligns and fastens materials together, using hand chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
tools and power tools, to form building or bracing. Re- and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely
pairs or replaces defective locks, hinges, cranks, and pieces with others.
of wood, using glue, hand tools, and power tools. Applies
stain, paint, or crayons to defects and filter to touch up EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
Carpentry/Carpenter. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
the repaired area. Directs crane operator in positioning
floor, wall, ceiling, and roof panel on house foundation.
Moves panel or roof section to other work stations or to
tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
storage or shipping area, using electric hoist. Studies blue-
such as highways and roads. Engineering and Technol-
prints, specification sheets, and drawings to determine style
and type of window or wall panel required. Fills cracks, ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
ing science and technology. This includes applying
seams, depressions, and nail holes with filler. Examines
principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
wood surfaces for defects, such as nicks, cracks, or blis-
design and production of various goods and services. Prin-
ters. Measures cut materials to determine conformance to
ciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and
specifications, using tape measure. Realigns windows and
tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and mainte-
screens to fit casements and oils moving parts. SKILLS
Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using the nance. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,
and principles involved in production of precision techni-
needed tools. Installation: Installing equipment, machines,
cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Mathemat-
wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Operation and
ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
and statistics and their applications.
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.04. Hands-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Carpenters Growth: 8.2%
Part-Time: 8.1%
Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor,
made of wood, such as concrete forms; building frame- Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu-
works, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operat-
wood stairways; window and door frames; and hardwood ing Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other
floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construc-
or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build tion and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing,
doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in un- and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
derground passageways to control the proper circulation tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
of air through the passageways and to the working places. and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
SKILLSNo data available. Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip-
ment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Rig-
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
gers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Work-
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv-
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpet Installers;
ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete Fin- Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
ishers; Commercial Divers; Construction Carpenters;
Setters. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Elec-
tricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Carpentry/Carpenter. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla- COURSESNo data available.
ziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazard-

training
Cashiers Growth: 14.5%
Annual Job Openings: 1,125,000
Self-Employed: 1.1%
Part-Time: 57.2%
Receive and disburse money in establishments other than deems food stamps and coupons. Monitors checkout sta-
financial institutions. Usually involves use of electronic tions, issues and removes cash as needed, and assigns work-
scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. Often iners to reduce customer delay. Resolves customer
volved in processing credit or debit card transactions and complaints. Compiles and maintains non-monetary re-
validating checks. Receives sales slip, cash, check, voucher, ports and records. Bags, boxes, or wraps merchandise.
or charge payments and issues receipts, refunds, credits, Answers questions and provides information to custom-
or change due to customer. Learns prices, stocks shelves, ers. Sorts, counts, and wraps currency and coins. Oper-
marks prices, weighs items, issues trading stamps, and re- ates cash register or electronic scanner. Cashes checks.
_____________________________________________________ Casting Machine Set-Up Operators
Keeps periodic balance sheet of amount and number of tional occupations frequently involve following set proce-
transactions. Sells tickets and other items to customer. dures and routines. These occupations can include work-
Computes and records totals of transactions. SKILLS ing with data and details more than with ideas. Usually
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other there is a clear line of authority to follow.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Retailing
and Retail Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
terrupting at inappropriate times. Mathematics: Using
mathematics to solve problems. Reading Comprehension:
related documents. Service Orientation: Actively looking
for ways to help people. Writing: Communicating effec- meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
customer satisfaction. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audi-
ence. Speaking: Talking to others to convey information
effectively.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business cedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowledge of
Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and their applications. Computers and Electronics: Knowl-
Account Collectors; Counter and Rental Clerks; Customer edge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equip-
Service Representatives; Customer Service Representatives, ment, and computer hardware and software, including
Utilities; Gaming Cage Workers; Gaming Change Persons applications and programming. English Language: Knowl-
and Booth Cashiers; New Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; edge of the structure and content of the English language,
Receptionists and Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Clerks. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conven- position, and grammar.
C
vocational training
Casting Machine Annual Earnings: $22,340
Growth: 9.8%
Set-Up Operators Annual Job Openings: 38,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 5.5%
Set up and operate machines to cast and assemble print- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial
ing type. Sets up matrices in assembly stick by hand ac- Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology.
cording to specifications. Positions composing stick to Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging
length of line specified in casting instructions. Places reel Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
of controller paper on holder, threads around reels, and craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers;
attaches to winding roll. Forwards galley to appropriate Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers,
personnel for proofing. Removes and stores assembly stick, Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
controller reel, and matrix case. Inserts and locks galley or Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
matrix case into place on machine. Stops machine when Up Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine
galley is full or when strip is completed. Starts machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Coating, Painting, and
and monitors operation for proper functioning. SKILLS Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Com-
Operation and Control: Controlling operations of equip- bination Machine Tool Setters and Set-Up Operators,
ment or systems. Operation Monitoring: Watching Metal and Plastic; Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine
gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Den-
is working properly. tal Laboratory Technicians; Drilling and Boring Machine
Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers; Electri- spectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PERSONALITY
cal and Electronic Inspectors and Testers; Electromechani- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
cal Equipment Assemblers; Engine and Other Machine work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Extruding, real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters and of the occupations require working outside and do not
Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal
available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers; Gem and
Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping, and Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding, Lapping,
tenance. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators,
materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating Equipment
other techniques for maximizing the effective manufac-
Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat
ture and distribution of goods. Engineering and Tech-
Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine Operators
and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equipment Set- nology: Knowledge of the practical application of
engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
ters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Inspectors,
ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jewelers; Jewel-
the design and production of various goods and services.
ers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers; Lathe and
Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders,
Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Materials In-

on-the-job training
Ceiling Tile Installers Growth: 9.4%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 8.1%
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or in- to support and seals joint between ceiling tile and wall.
terior walls of buildings. Apply or mount acoustical tiles Scribes and cuts edges of tile to fit wall where wall mold-
or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials ing is not specified. Nails channels or wood furring strips
to ceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect to surfaces to provide mounting for tile. Measures and
sound. Materials may be of decorative quality. Includes marks surface to lay out work according to blueprints and
lathers who fasten wooden, metal, or rockboard lath to drawings. Cuts tiles for fixture and borders, using keyhole
walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings to provide sup- saw, and inserts tiles into supporting framework. Applies
port base for plaster, fire-proofing, or acoustical mate- cement to back of tile and presses tile into place, aligning
rial. Applies acoustical tiles or shock-absorbing materials with layout marks and joints of previously laid tile.
to ceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect sound SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
and to decorate rooms. Washes concrete surfaces with lems.
washing soda and zinc sulfate solution before mounting
tile to increase adhesive qualities of surfaces. Inspects
furrings, mechanical mountings, and masonry surface for
plumbness and level, using spirit or water level. Hangs
dry lines (stretched string) to wall molding to guide posi-
tioning of main runners. Nails or screws molding to wall ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
_______________________________________________________________Chefs and Head Cooks
Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers; Com- cupations frequently involve work activities that include
mercial Divers; Construction Carpenters; Drywall and practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Electricians; deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla- work or working closely with others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Drywall
ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor,
Installation/Drywaller. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu-
factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operat-
ing Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construc-
such as highways and roads. Mathematics: Knowledge of
tion and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing,
and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
their applications. Design: Knowledge of design tech-
tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip- precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and mod-
els. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of ma-
chines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and
maintenance. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge
of the practical application of engineering science and
technology. This includes applying principles, techniques,
ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; procedures, and equipment to the design and production
of various goods and services.
Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
C
Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-

vocational training
Chefs and Head Cooks Growth: 9.0%
Part-Time: 8.5%
Direct the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of sal- and costs and requisitions supplies and equipment to en-
ads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other sure efficient operation. Helps cooks and workers cook
foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and prepare food on demand. Trains and otherwise in-
and keep records and accounts. May participate in cook- structs cooks and workers in proper food preparation pro-
ing. Supervises and coordinates activities of cooks and cedures. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in
workers engaged in food preparation. Observes workers relation to others actions. Instructing: Teaching others
and work procedures to ensure compliance with estab- how to do something. Management of Financial Re-
lished standards. Evaluates and solves procedural problems sources: Determining how money will be spent to get the
to ensure safe and efficient operations. Records produc- work done and accounting for these expenditures. Man-
tion and operational data on specified forms. Inspects sup- agement of Material Resources: Obtaining and seeing to
plies, equipment, and work areas to ensure conformance the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials
to established standards. Collaborates with specified per- needed to do certain work. Management of Personnel
sonnel and plans and develops recipes and menus. Deter- Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing people
mines production schedules and worker-time requirements as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
to ensure timely delivery of services. Estimates amounts
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cooking

Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. and Related Culinary Arts, General; Culinary Arts/Chef
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This Training. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAd-
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend- ministration and Management: Knowledge of business
ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Combined Food Prepa- and management principles involved in strategic planning,
ration and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food; Cooks, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, Institution and Caf- technique, production methods, and coordination of
eteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short Order; Counter people and resources. Personnel and Human Resources:
Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop; Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel re-
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender cruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits,
Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation and Serving Re- labor relations and negotiation, and personnel informa-
lated Workers, All Other; Food Preparation Workers; Food tion systems. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of
Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, economic and accounting principles and practices, the fi-
Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses. PER- nancial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting
SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupa- of financial data. Education and Training: Knowledge of
tions frequently involve starting up and carrying out principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
projects. These occupations can involve leading people and sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak- and the measurement of training effects. Mathematics:
ing and often deal with business. Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and

on-the-job training
Chemical Equipment Annual Earnings: $36,810
Growth: 14.9%
Controllers and Operators Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 0.3%
Control or operate equipment to control chemical proportion tables or prescribed formulas. Records opera-
changes or reactions in the processing of industrial or tional data such as temperature, pressure, ingredients used,
consumer products. Typical equipment used are reac- processing time, or test results in operating log. Flushes or
tion kettles, catalytic converters, continuous or batch cleans equipment, using steam hose or mechanical reamer.
treating equipment, saturator tanks, electrolytic cells, Draws samples of product and sends to laboratory for
reactor vessels, recovery units, and fermentation cham- analysis. Tests sample for specific gravity, chemical char-
bers. Sets and adjusts indicating, controlling, or timing acteristics, pH level, concentration, or viscosity. Patrols
devices, such as gauging instruments, thermostat, gas ana- and inspects equipment or unit to detect leaks and mal-
lyzers, or recording calorimeter. Moves controls to adjust functions. Weighs or measures specified amounts of ma-
feed and flow of liquids and gases through equipment in terials. Reads plant specifications to ascertain product,
specified sequence. Adjusts controls to regulate tempera- ingredient, and prescribed modifications of plant proce-
ture, pressure, and time of prescribed reaction according dures. Dumps or scoops prescribed solid, granular, or pow-
to knowledge of equipment and process. Opens valves or dered materials into equipment. Adds treating or
operates pumps to admit or drain specified amounts of neutralizing agent to product and pumps product through
materials, impurities, or treating agents to or from equip- filter or centrifuge to remove impurities or precipitate prod-
ment. Starts pumps, agitators, reactors, blowers, or auto- uct. Directs activities of workers assisting in control or
matic feed of materials. Monitors gauges, recording verification of process or in unloading materials. Makes
instruments, flowmeters, or product to regulate or main- minor repairs and lubricates and maintains equipment,
tain specified conditions. Mixes chemicals according to using hand tools. Operates or tends auxiliary equipment,
____________________________________________ Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators
such as heaters, scrubbers, filters, or driers, to prepare or Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
further process materials. SKILLSOperation Monitor- Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
ing: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
sure a machine is working properly. Operation and Con- ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Sci- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
ence: Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Qual- and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
ity Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or per- Heaters, Metal and Plastic; HelpersProduction Work-
formance. ers; Job Printers; others. PERSONALITY TYPEReal-
istic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial activities that include practical, hands-on problems and
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Bakers, Manufacturing; world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce- the occupations require working outside and do not in-
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical
Equipment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pick- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Chemical
ling Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Paint- Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing, and Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
Winders, Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine composition, structure, and properties of substances and
Tool Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer- of the chemical processes and transformations that they
Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; actions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
C
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- methods. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, re-
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting pair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; applications. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and of the practical application of engineering science and tech-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat- nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro-
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma- various goods and services. Public Safety and Security:
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures,
truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national
Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma- security operations for the protection of people, data, prop-
chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass erty, and institutions. English Language: Knowledge of
Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting the structure and content of the English language, includ-
Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and tion, and grammar.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Chemical Equipment Annual Earnings: $36,810
Growth: 14.9%
Operators and Tenders Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 0.3%
Operate or tend equipment to control chemical changes ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plas-
or reactions in the processing of industrial or consumer tic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Machine
products. Equipment used includes devulcanizers, steam- Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Extruding
jacketed kettles, and reactor vessels. SKILLSNo data and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, Synthetic
available. or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Machine Setters,
Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers; Ex-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine
Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers;
Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Op-
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Cement-
erators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators; Film Labo-
ing and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; Chemi-
ratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision;
cal Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemical
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine
Equipment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pick- Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; Food Cook-
ling Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Paint-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven,
ing, and Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil
Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass Cutting
Winders, Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine
Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders and Sort-
Tool Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-
ers, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polishing Work-
Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic;
ers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Heaters,
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; Metal and Plastic; HelpersProduction Workers; Job
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op-
Printers; others. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
available.
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; De- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Chemical
sign Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Elec- Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
trolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and COURSESNo data available.
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-

on-the-job training
Chemical Equipment Tenders Growth: 14.9%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 0.3%
Tend equipment in which a chemical change or reaction or moves controls of processing equipment to admit, trans-
takes place in the processing of industrial or consumer fer, filter, or mix chemicals. Inventories supplies received
products. Typical equipment used are devulcanizers, and consumed. Assists other workers in preparing and
batch stills, fermenting tanks, steam-jacketed kettles, and maintaining equipment. Observes safety precautions to
reactor vessels. Starts pumps and agitators, turns valves, prevent fires and explosions. Notifies maintenance engi-
__________________________________________________________ Chemical Equipment Tenders
neer of equipment malfunction. Records data in log from Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plat-
instruments and gauges concerning temperature, pressure, ing and Coating Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators,
materials used, treating time, and shift production. Tests Metal and Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Emboss-
samples to determine specific gravity, composition, or acid- ing Machine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Opera-
ity, using chemical test equipment such as hydrometer or tors; Extruding and Forming Machine Operators and
pH meter. Replaces filtering media or makes minor re- Tenders, Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Form-
pairs to equipment, using hand tools. Loads specified ing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic
amounts of chemicals into processing equipment. Patrols and Glass Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Com-
work area to detect leaks and equipment malfunctions and pacting Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Ap-
monitor operating conditions. Weighs, measures, or mixes parel Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine
prescribed quantities of materials. Draws sample of prod- Setters and Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and
ucts for analysis to aid in process adjustments and main- Fabricators; Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Struc-
tain production standards. Drains equipment and pumps tural MetalPrecision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Bak-
water or other solution through to flush and clean tanks ing, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders; Food
or equipment. Observes gauges, meters, and panel lights Batchmakers; Food Cooking Machine Operators and Ten-
to monitor operating conditions, such as temperature or ders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators
pressure. Adjusts valves or controls to maintain system and Tenders; Glass Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up
within specified operating conditions. SKILLSOpera- Operators; Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products;
tion Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indica- Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand; Hand Composi-
tors to make sure a machine is working properly. tors and Typesetters; Heaters, Metal and Plastic; Helpers
Operation and Control: Controlling operations of equip- Production Workers; others. PERSONALITY
ment or systems. Science: Using scientific rules and meth- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
ods to solve problems. Quality Control Analysis: work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
C
processes to evaluate quality or performance. Equipment real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on equip- of the occupations require working outside and do not
ment and determining when and what kind of mainte- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
nance is needed.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Chemical
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
Job Titles in This Work Group: Bakers, Manufacturing; composition, structure, and properties of substances and
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce- of the chemical processes and transformations that they
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- actions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Cleaning, Wash- methods. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge
ing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders; of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, re-
Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Operators and pair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Tenders; Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers; Combina- metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
tion Machine Tool Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plas- applications. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of
tic; Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
and Plastic; Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators promote effective local, state, or national security opera-
and Tenders; Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine tions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, stitutions. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Hand; Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Ten- materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
ders; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufac-
Tenders; Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up ture and distribution of goods.
Operators; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Chemical Technicians Growth: 15.0%
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bio-
scientists in making qualitative and quantitative analy- logical Technicians; Environmental Science and Protec-
ses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for purposes tion Technicians, Including Health; Geological and
such as research and development of new products or Petroleum Technicians; Geological Data Technicians; Geo-
processes, quality control, maintenance of environmen- logical Sample Test Technicians; Nuclear Equipment Op-
tal standards, and other work involving experimental, eration Technicians; Nuclear Technicians; Photographers,
theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and re- Scientific. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic
lated sciences. Tests and analyzes chemical and physical occupations frequently involve work activities that include
properties of liquids, solids, gases, radioactive and biological practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
materials, and products such as perfumes. Documents re- deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
sults of tests and analyses. Writes technical reports or pre- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
pares graphs and charts. Directs other workers in quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
compounding and distilling chemicals. Reviews process work or working closely with others.
paperwork for products to ensure compliance to standards
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Chemical
and specifications. Cleans and sterilizes laboratory equip-
Technology/Technician; Food Science. RELATED
ment. Prepares chemical solutions for products and pro-
cesses, following standardized formulas, or creates KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of
the chemical composition, structure, and properties of
experimental formulas. Sets up and calibrates laboratory
substances and of the chemical processes and transforma-
equipment and instruments used for testing, process con-
tions that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals
trol, product development, and research. SKILLSSci-
ence: Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
and disposal methods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Math- metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
applications. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Critical
ture and content of the English language, including the
Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the
meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
grammar. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical
sions, or approaches to problems. Active Listening: Giv-
principles and laws and their interrelationships and appli-
ing full attention to what other people are saying, taking
time to understand the points being made, asking ques- cations to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric
dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-
tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropri-
atomic structures and processes. Engineering and Tech-
ate times. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing
nology: Knowledge of the practical application of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.05. Laboratory the design and production of various goods and services.
_____________________________________________________ Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary

Chemistry Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses pertaining to the chemical and physical Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers,
properties and compositional changes of substances. Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement
Work may include instruction in the methods of quali- Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
tative and quantitative chemical analysis. Includes both Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
do a combination of both teaching and research. Pre- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
pares and delivers lectures to students. Compiles bibliog- Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
raphies of specialized materials for outside reading Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
assignments. Directs research of other teachers or gradu- ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
ate students working for advanced academic degrees. Com- Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
piles, administers, and grades examinations or assigns this erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
work to others. Stimulates class discussions. Advises stu- tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
dents on academic and vocational curricula. Acts as ad- Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
viser to student organizations. Serves on faculty committee cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
providing professional consulting services to government Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
and industry. Conducts research in particular field of Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
C
knowledge and publishes findings in professional journals. Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
SKILLSWriting: Communicating effectively in writ- Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
paragraphs in work-related documents. Learning Strate- Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn- Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
ing or teaching new things. Instructing: Teaching others Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
how to do something. Active Learning: Understanding Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
the implications of new information for both current and Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
future problem-solving and decision-making. Education; others. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education ing with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig-
uring out problems mentally.
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Analyti-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; cal Chemistry; Chemical Physics; Chemistry, General;
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Chemistry, Other; Geochemistry; Inorganic Chemistry;
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Organic Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry;
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Polymer Chemistry. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- composition, structure, and properties of substances and
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- of the chemical processes and transformations that they
ers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Communications undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
actions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
methods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge- rules of composition, and grammar. Administration and
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica- Management: Knowledge of business and management
tions. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles principles involved in strategic planning, resource alloca-
and methods for curriculum and training design, teach- tion, human resources modeling, leadership technique,
ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the production methods, and coordination of people and re-
measurement of training effects. English Language: sources.
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English

Chemists

Growth: 19.1%
Self-Employed: 1.0%
Part-Time: 3.3%
Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses dience. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the
or chemical experiments in laboratories for quality or relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose
process control or to develop new products or knowl- the most appropriate one. Mathematics: Using mathemat-
edge. Analyzes organic and inorganic compounds to de- ics to solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
termine chemical and physical properties, composition, reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of al-
structure, relationships, and reactions, utilizing chroma- ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
tography, spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry techniques. lems.
Develops, improves, and customizes products, equipment,
formulas, processes, and analytical methods. Studies ef-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.02. Physical
fects of various methods of processing, preserving, and
Sciences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Astrono-
packaging on composition and properties of foods. Con-
mers; Atmospheric and Space Scientists; Geographers;
fers with scientists and engineers to conduct analyses of
Geologists; Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geog-
research projects, interpret test results, or develop non-
standard tests. Directs, coordinates, and advises personnel raphers; Hydrologists; Materials Scientists; Physical Sci-
entists, All Other; Physicists. PERSONALITY
in test procedures for analyzing components and physical
TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently
properties of materials. Writes technical papers and reports
involve working with ideas and require an extensive
and prepares standards and specifications for processes,
facilities, products, and tests. Prepares test solutions, com-
pounds, and reagents for laboratory personnel to conduct
test. Compiles and analyzes test information to determine EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Analyti-
process or equipment operating efficiency and to diag- cal Chemistry; Chemical Physics; Chemistry, General;
nose malfunctions. Induces changes in composition of Chemistry, Other; Inorganic Chemistry; Organic Chem-
substances by introducing heat, light, energy, and chemi- istry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Polymer Chem-
cal catalysts for quantitative and qualitative analysis. istry. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
SKILLSScience: Using scientific rules and methods to COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
solve problems. Active Learning: Understanding the im- composition, structure, and properties of substances and
plications of new information for both current and future of the chemical processes and transformations that they
problem-solving and decision-making. Reading Compre- undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs actions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
in work-related documents. Writing: Communicating ef- methods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
fectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the au- bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
_________________________________________________________________ Child Care Workers
tions. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and and sub-atomic structures and processes. Engineering and
content of the English language, including the meaning Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram- engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
mar. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com- the design and production of various goods and services.
puter hardware and software, including applications and Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
programming. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
physical principles and laws and their interrelationships ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at- leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, nation of people and resources.

Chief Executives plus degree
Growth: 17.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Determine and formulate policies and provide the over- sources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All
all direction of companies or private and public sector Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private
organizations within the guidelines set up by a board of Sector Executives; Property, Real Estate, and Community
directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or co- Association Managers; Public Relations Managers; Pur-
ordinate operational activities at the highest level of chasing Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers;
C
management with the help of subordinate executives and Training and Development Managers; Transportation,
staff managers. SKILLSNo data available. Storage, and Distribution Managers; Treasurers, Control-
lers, and Chief Financial Officers. PERSONALITY
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General
Management Work and Management of Support Func- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Compensa- Administration and Management, General; Business/
tion and Benefits Managers; Farm, Ranch, and Other Commerce, General; Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial
Agricultural Managers; Financial Managers; Financial Studies; International Business/Trade/Commerce; Public
Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral Directors; Administration; Public Administration and Social Service
General and Operations Managers; Government Service Professions, Other; Public Policy Analysis. RELATED
Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human Re- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

training
Child Care Workers Growth: 10.6%
Part-Time: 43.4%
Attend to children at schools, businesses, private house- play. Cares for children in institutional setting, such as
holds, and child care institutions. Perform a variety of group homes, nursery schools, private businesses, or schools
tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing for the handicapped. Monitors children on life-support
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
equipment to detect malfunctioning of equipment and Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
calls for medical assistance when needed. Wheels handi- ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
capped children to classes or other areas of facility, secure ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
in equipment such as chairs and slings. Reads to children Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
and teaches them simple painting, drawing, handwork, Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
and songs. Assists in preparing food for children, serves Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers,
meals and refreshments to children, and regulates rest pe- Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary;
riods. Instructs children regarding desirable health and Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach-
personal habits, such as eating, resting, and toilet habits. ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
Organizes and participates in recreational activities, such Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
as games. Places or hoists children into baths or pools. ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
Disciplines children and recommends or initiates other Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical;
measures to control behavior, such as caring for own cloth- Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Techni-
ing and picking up toys and books. SKILLSLearning cians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional meth- Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
ods and procedures appropriate for the situation when Education; Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nurs-
learning or teaching new things. Reading Comprehen- ing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Fi-
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in nancial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion Teachers,
work-related documents. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assess- Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political
ing your performance or that of other individuals or orga- Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers,
nizations to make improvements or take corrective action. All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education;
Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help others. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupa-
people. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others re- tions frequently involve working with, communicating
actions and understanding why they react as they do. Ac- with, and teaching people. These occupations often in-
tive Listening: Giving full attention to what other people volve helping or providing service to others.
are saying, taking time to understand the points being
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Child
made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt-
Care Provider/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing at inappropriate times.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education of principles and processes for providing customer and
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- personal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and customer satisfaction. Psychology: Knowledge of human
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; behavior and performance; individual differences in abil-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; ity, personality, and interests; learning and motivation;
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, psychological research methods; and the assessment and
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Education
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- for individuals and groups, and the measurement of train-
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- ing effects. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; ture and content of the English language, including the
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law grammar. Administration and Management: Knowledge
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom- of business and management principles involved in strate-
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, gic planning, resource allocation, human resources mod-
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, eling, leadership technique, production methods, and
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School coordination of people and resources.
_________________ Child Support, Missing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Investigators

Child Support, Missing in a related occupation
Persons, and Unemployment Growth: 16.4%
Insurance Fraud Investigators Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.5%
Conduct investigations to locate, arrest, and return fu- cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
gitives and persons wanted for non-payment of support of the audience.
payments and unemployment insurance fraud and to lo-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law
cate missing persons. Serves warrants and makes arrests
to return persons sought in connection with crimes or for Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ani-
non-payment of child support. Computes amount of child
mal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Correctional Officers and
support payments. Testifies in court to present evidence
Jailers; Criminal Investigators and Special Agents; Cross-
regarding cases. Examines medical and dental X rays, fin-
ing Guards; Detectives and Criminal Investigators; Fire
gerprints, and other information to identify bodies held
Investigators; Fish and Game Wardens; Forensic Science
in morgue. Examines case file to determine that divorce
decree and court-ordered judgment for payment are in Technicians; Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming
Investigators; Highway Patrol Pilots; Immigration and
order. Completes reports to document information ac-
Customs Inspectors; Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Rec-
quired during criminal and child support cases and ac-
reational Protective Service Workers; Parking Enforcement
tions taken. Monitors child support payments awarded
Workers; Police and Sheriffs Patrol Officers; Police Detec-
by court to ensure compliance and enforcement of child
tives; Police Identification and Records Officers; Police Pa-
support laws. Determines types of court jurisdiction, ac-
C
cording to facts and circumstances surrounding case, and trol Officers; Private Detectives and Investigators; Security
Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and Railroad
files court action. Confers with prosecuting attorney to
Police. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterpris-
prepare court case and with court clerk to obtain arrest
ing occupations frequently involve starting up and carry-
warrant and schedule court date. Interviews client to ob-
ing out projects. These occupations can involve leading
tain information, such as relocation of absent parent,
people and making many decisions. They sometimes re-
amount of child support awarded, and names of witnesses.
Interviews and discusses case with parent charged with quire risk taking and often deal with business.
nonpayment of support to resolve issues in lieu of filing EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
court proceedings. Reviews files and criminal records to Justice/Police Science; Criminalistics and Criminal Science.
develop possible leads, such as previous addresses and RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESLaw and Gov-
aliases. Prepares file indicating data such as wage records ernment: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures,
of accused, witnesses, and blood test results. Obtains ex- precedents, government regulations, executive orders,
tradition papers to bring about return of fugitive. Con- agency rules, and the democratic political process. Public
tacts employers, neighbors, relatives, and law enforcement Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment,
agencies to locate person sought and verify information policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective lo-
gathered about case. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving cal, state, or national security operations for the protection
full attention to what other people are saying, taking time of people, data, property, and institutions. Economics and
to understand the points being made, asking questions as Accounting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. ciples and practices, the financial markets, banking, and
Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec- the analysis and reporting of financial data. English Lan-
tively. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En-
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify rules of composition, and grammar. Mathematics: Knowl-
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
clusions, or approaches to problems. Writing: Communi- tics and their applications.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Child, Family,
Growth: 26.9%
and School Social Workers

Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 11.9%
Provide social services and assistance to improve the so- need of such services. Interviews individuals to assess so-
cial and psychological functioning of children and their cial and emotional capabilities, physical and mental im-
families and to maximize the family well-being and the pairments, and financial needs. Counsels parents with
academic functioning of children. May assist single par- child-rearing problems and children and youth with diffi-
ents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for aban- culties in social adjustments. SKILLSSocial Perceptive-
doned or abused children. In schools, they address such ness: Being aware of others reactions and understanding
problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and tru- why they react as they do. Service Orientation: Actively
ancy. May also advise teachers on how to deal with prob- looking for ways to help people. Active Listening: Giving
lem children. Counsels individuals or family members full attention to what other people are saying, taking time
regarding behavior modifications, rehabilitation, social to understand the points being made, asking questions as
adjustments, financial assistance, vocational training, child appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
care, or medical care. Refers client to community resources Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec-
for needed assistance. Leads group counseling sessions to tively. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
provide support in such areas as grief, stress, or chemical sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
dependency. Arranges for medical, psychiatric, and other
tests that may disclose cause of difficulties and indicate
remedial measures. Assists travelers, including runaways, and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Clergy; Clinical
migrants, transients, refugees, repatriated Americans, and
Psychologists; Clinical, Counseling, and School Psycholo-
problem families. Collects supplementary information,
gists; Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other;
such as employment, medical records, or school reports.
Counseling Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Direc-
Maintains case history records and prepares reports. Evalu-
tors, Religious Activities and Education; Marriage and
ates personal characteristics of foster home or adoption
applicants. Places children in foster or adoptive homes, Family Therapists; Medical and Public Health Social Work-
ers; Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers;
institutions, or medical treatment centers. Reviews ser-
Mental Health Counselors; Probation Officers and Cor-
vice plan and performs follow-up to determine quantity
rectional Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors;
and quality of service provided to client. Determines clients
Religious Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; So-
eligibility for financial assistance. Develops program con-
cial and Human Service Assistants; Social Workers, All
tent, organizes, and leads activities planned to enhance
social development of individual members and accomplish- Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Coun-
selors. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupa-
ment of group goals. Investigates home conditions to de-
tions frequently involve working with, communicating
termine suitability of foster or adoptive home or to protect
with, and teaching people. These occupations often in-
children from harmful environment. Serves as liaison be-
volve helping or providing service to others.
tween student, home, school, family service agencies, child
guidance clinics, courts, protective services, doctors, and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Juvenile
clergy members. Consults with parents, teachers, and other Corrections; Social Work; Youth Services/Administration.
school personnel to determine causes of problems and ef- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTherapy and
fect solutions. Counsels students whose behavior, school Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
progress, or mental or physical impairment indicates need cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physi-
for assistance. Arranges for day care, homemaker service, cal and mental dysfunctions and for career counseling and
prenatal care, and child planning programs for clients in guidance. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and
______________________________________________________________________ Chiropractors
performance; individual differences in ability, personality, ogy: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal
and interests; learning and motivation; psychological re- trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, and
search methods; and the assessment and treatment of be- cultures and their history and origins. Administration and
havioral and affective disorders. English Language: Management: Knowledge of business and management
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan- principles involved in strategic planning, resource alloca-
guage, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules tion, human resources modeling, leadership technique, pro-
of composition, and grammar. Sociology and Anthropol- duction methods, and coordination of people and resources.

degree
Chiropractors Growth: 23.4%
Part-Time: 10.5%
Adjust spinal column and other articulations of the body GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
to correct abnormalities of the human body believed to Health Services. Work Group: 14.04. Health Specialties.
be caused by interference with the nervous system. Ex- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Opticians, Dis-
amine patient to determine nature and extent of disor- pensing; Optometrists; Podiatrists. PERSONALITY
der. Manipulate spine or other involved area. May utilize TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently
supplementary measures, such as exercise, rest, water, involve working with ideas and require an extensive
light, heat, and nutritional therapy. Examines patient to amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search-
determine nature and extent of disorder. Manipulates spi- ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
C
nal column and other extremities to adjust, align, or cor- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Chiro-
rect abnormalities caused by neurologic and kinetic practic (DC). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
articular dysfunction. Utilizes supplementary measures, Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information
such as exercise, rest, water, light, heat, and nutritional and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human inju-
therapy. Performs diagnostic procedures, including physi- ries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms,
cal, neurologic, and orthopedic examinations, and labo- treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions,
ratory tests, using instruments and equipment such as and preventive health-care measures. Biology: Knowledge
X-ray machine and electrocardiograph. SKILLSRead- of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other
paragraphs in work-related documents. Active Listening: and the environment. English Language: Knowledge of
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- the structure and content of the English language, includ-
ing time to understand the points being made, asking ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- tion, and grammar. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge
priate times. Judgment and Decision Making: Consider- of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
ing the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
choose the most appropriate one. Active Learning: Un- tions and for career counseling and guidance. Customer
derstanding the implications of new information for both and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con- dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
clusions, or approaches to problems.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

vocational training
Civil Drafters Growth: 20.8%
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 7.9%
Prepare drawings and topographical and relief maps used GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer-
pipelines, flood control projects, and water and sewer- ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
age control systems. Draws maps, diagrams, and profiles, Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar-
using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali-
topographical contours, subsurface formations, and struc- bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers
tures. Accompanies field survey crew to locate grading and Photogrammetrists; Civil Engineering Technicians;
markers or to collect data required to revise construction Construction and Building Inspectors; Drafters, All Other;
drawings. Correlates, interprets, and modifies data ob- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians; Elec-
tained from topographical surveys, well logs, and geophysi- trical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical Drafters; Elec-
cal prospecting reports. Finishes and duplicates drawings trical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Mechanical
according to required mediums and specifications for re- Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics Engineering
production, using blueprinting, photographing, or other Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All
duplicating methods. Identifies symbols located on topo- Other; Environmental Engineering Technicians; Industrial
graphical surveys to denote geological and geophysical Engineering Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechani-
formations or oil field installations. Calculates excavation cal Drafters; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Nu-
tonnage and prepares graphs and fill-hauling diagrams used merical Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure
in earth-moving operations. Computes and represents Vessel Inspectors; Surveying and Mapping Technicians;
characteristics and dimensions of borehole, such as depth, Surveying Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY
degree, and direction of inclination. Reviews rough TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
sketches, drawings, specifications, and other engineering work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
data received from civil engineer. Plots boreholes for oil and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
and gas wells from photographic subsurface survey record- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
ings and other data, using computer-assisted drafting of the occupations require working outside and do not
equipment. Drafts plans and detailed drawings for struc- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
tures, installations, and construction projects, such as high-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Architec-
ways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes.
tural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD; Architec-
SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
lems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written tural Technology/Technician; CAD/CADD Drafting and/
or Design Technology/Technician; Civil Drafting and Civil
Engineering CAD/CADD; Drafting and Design Technol-
Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and product require-
ogy/Technician, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ments to create a design. Active Learning: Understanding
future problem-solving and decision-making. Complex
Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems and re- technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Math-
viewing related information to develop and evaluate op-
tions and implement solutions. Critical Thinking: Using
and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application
to problems.
to the design and production of various goods and
__________________________________________________________ Civil Engineering Technicians
services. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of cir- physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
cuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at-
computer hardware and software, including applications mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic,
and programming. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of and sub-atomic structures and processes.

Civil Engineering Technicians

Growth: 11.9%
Self-Employed: 1.9%
Part-Time: 7.4%
Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in plan- tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Writing:
ning, designing, and overseeing construction and main- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for
tenance of structures and facilities under the direction the needs of the audience. Judgment and Decision Mak-
of engineering staff or physical scientists. Evaluates facil- ing: Considering the relative costs and benefits of poten-
ity to determine suitability for occupancy and square foot- tial actions to choose the most appropriate one. Active
age availability. Responds to public suggestions and Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are
complaints. Inspects project site and evaluates contractor saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
work to detect design malfunctions and ensure conform- asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
ance to design specifications and applicable codes. Ana- inappropriate times.
lyzes proposed site factors and designs maps, graphs,
tracings, and diagrams to illustrate findings. Drafts de-
C
tailed dimensional drawings and designs layouts for Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer-
projects and to ensure conformance to specifications. Reads
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar-
and reviews project blueprints and structural specifications
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali-
to determine dimensions of structure or system and ma-
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers
terial requirements. Prepares reports and documents project
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Construction and
activities and data. Confers with supervisor to determine
project details, such as plan preparation, acceptance test- Building Inspectors; Drafters, All Other; Electrical and
Electronic Engineering Technicians; Electrical and Elec-
ing, and evaluation of field conditions. Conducts materi-
tronics Drafters; Electrical Drafters; Electrical Engineer-
als test and analysis, using tools and equipment and
ing Technicians; Electro-Mechanical Technicians;
applying engineering knowledge. Reports maintenance
Electronic Drafters; Electronics Engineering Technicians;
problems occurring at project site to supervisor and nego-
Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other; En-
tiates changes to resolve system conflicts. Calculates di-
mensions, square footage, profile and component vironmental Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineer-
ing Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical
specifications, and material quantities, using calculator or
Drafters; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numeri-
computer. Develops plans and estimates costs for installa-
cal Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Ves-
tion of systems, utilization of facilities, or construction of
structures. Plans and conducts field surveys to locate new
Surveying Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY
sites and analyze details of project sites. SKILLSMath-
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Opera- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
tions Analysis: Analyzing needs and product requirements
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
to create a design. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
ments. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to
identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Civil En- precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and mod-
gineering Technology/Technician; Construction Engineer- els. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
ing Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/ etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Building
COURSESEngineering and Technology: Knowledge of and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and
the practical application of engineering science and tech- tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, build-
nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro- ings, or other structures, such as highways and roads. En-
cedures, and equipment to the design and production of glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of
various goods and services. Design: Knowledge of design the English language, including the meaning and spelling
techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

training
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, Annual Earnings: $42,440
Growth: 15.1%
and Investigators Annual Job Openings: 25,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.3%
Review settled claims to determine that payments and Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe-
settlements have been made in accordance with com- cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training,
pany practices and procedures, ensuring that proper and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad-
methods have been followed. Report overpayments, un- justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
derpayments, and other irregularities. Confer with legal ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan
counsel on claims requiring litigation. SKILLSNo data Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management
available. Analysts; Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters;
Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchas-
ing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products;
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training
and Development Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buy-
ers, Except Farm Products. PERSONALITY TYPENo
data available.
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Examiners, Prop-
erty and Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health/
Job Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Medical Claims Examiner; Insurance. RELATED
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

training
Claims Examiners, Property Annual Earnings: $42,440
Growth: 15.1%
and Casualty Insurance Annual Job Openings: 25,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.3%
Review settled insurance claims to determine that pay- payments, underpayments, and other irregularities. Con-
ments and settlements have been made in accordance fer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. Ana-
with company practices and procedures. Report over- lyzes data used in settling claim to determine its validity
_____________________________________________________ Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment
in payment of claims. Reports overpayments, underpay- and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except
ments, and other irregularities. Confers with legal counsel Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners,
on claims requiring litigation. SKILLSReading Com- Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Develop-
prehension: Understanding written sentences and para- ment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
graphs in work-related documents. Mathematics: Using Products. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con-
mathematics to solve problems. Writing: Communicat- ventional occupations frequently involve following set pro-
ing effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of cedures and routines. These occupations can include
the audience. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reason- working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
ing to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Active
Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health/
Medical Claims Examiner; Insurance. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge
of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics
inappropriate times. Judgment and Decision Making:
and their applications. Law and Government: Knowledge
of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, govern-
actions to choose the most appropriate one. Monitoring:
Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of other ment regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the
democratic political process. English Language: Knowl-
corrective action.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General position, and grammar. Computers and Electronics:
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and ing applications and programming. Economics and Ac-
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Assessors; counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting
C
Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Examiners, principles and practices, the financial markets, banking,
and Investigators; Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analy- and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Adminis-
sis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Employ- tration and Management: Knowledge of business and
ment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment Service; management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; Fi- source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
nancial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and Labor technique, production methods, and coordination of
Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Ex- people and resources. Communications and Media:
aminers, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Knowledge of media production, communication, and
Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan dissemination techniques and methods. This includes al-
Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Re- ternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral,
search Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and visual media.

training
Cleaners of Vehicles Annual Earnings: $16,490
Growth: 18.8%
and Equipment Annual Job Openings: 86,000
Self-Employed: 6.8%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides, acid, and abrasives.
equipment. Use such materials as water, cleaning agents, Monitors operation of cleaning machines and stops ma-
brushes, cloths, and hoses. Scrubs, scrapes, or sprays machine or notifies supervisor when malfunctions occur.
chine parts, equipment, or vehicles, using scrapers, brushes, Maintains inventories of supplies. Records production and

Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
operational data on specified forms. Collects and tests GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
samples of cleaning solutions and vapors. Transports ma- Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.08.
terials, equipment, or supplies to and from work area, us- Other Personal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work
ing carts or hoists. Lubricates machinery, vehicles, and Group: Cooks, Private Household; Embalmers; Funeral
equipment and performs minor repairs and adjustments, Attendants; Personal and Home Care Aides; Personal Care
using hand tools. Applies paints, dyes, polishes, and Service Workers, All Other. PERSONALITY
reconditioners, and masking materials to vehicles to pre- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
serve, protect, or restore color and condition. Examines work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
and inspects parts, equipment, and vehicles for cleanli- and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
ness, damage, and compliance with standards or regula- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
tions. Places objects on drying racks or dyes surfaces, using of the occupations require working outside and do not
cloth, squeegees, or air compressors. Disassembles and re- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
assembles machines or equipment or removes and reat-
taches vehicle parts and trim, using hand tools. Connects
hoses and lines to pumps and other equipment. Mixes
Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
cleaning solutions and abrasive compositions and other
compounds according to formula. Pre-soaks or rinses and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
tenance. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical compo-
machine parts, equipment, or vehicles by immersing ob-
sition, structure, and properties of substances and of the
jects in cleaning solutions or water manually or using hoists.
chemical processes and transformations that they undergo.
Turns valves or handles on equipment to regulate pressure
This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions,
and flow of water, air, steam, or abrasives from sprayer
danger signs, production techniques, and disposal meth-
nozzles. Turns valves or disconnects hoses to eliminate
water, cleaning solutions, or vapors from machinery or ods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, ge-
ometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
tanks. Sweeps, shovels, or vacuums loose debris and sal-
Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and cleri-
vageable scrap into containers and removes from work area.
cal procedures and systems, such as word processing, man-
Presses buttons to activate cleaning equipment or ma-
aging files and records, stenography and transcription,
chines. SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling
designing forms, and other office procedures and termi-
operations of equipment or systems. Equipment Selec-
tion: Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed nology. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
practical application of engineering science and technol-
to do a job. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your per-
ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
formance or that of other individuals or organizations to
dures, and equipment to the design and production of
make improvements or take corrective action. Reading
various goods and services.
paragraphs in work-related documents.

degree
Clergy Growth: 15.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 10.8%
Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual those in spiritual need. Interprets doctrine of religion. In-
functions associated with beliefs and practices of reli- structs people who seek conversion to faith. Prepares and
gious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral delivers sermons and other talks. Visits sick and shut-ins
guidance and assistance to members. Leads congregation and helps poor. Engages in interfaith, community, civic,
in worship services. Conducts wedding and funeral ser- educational, and recreational activities sponsored by or
vices. Administers religious rites or ordinances. Counsels related to interest of denomination. Writes articles for
________________________________________________________________ Clinical Psychologists
publication. SKILLSService Orientation: Actively look- teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
ing for ways to help people. Speaking: Talking to others or providing service to others.
to convey information effectively. Social Perceptiveness:
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
they react as they do. Reading Comprehension: Under- Pastoral Counseling/Patient Counseling; Divinity/Minis-
try (BD, MDiv.); Pastoral Counseling and Specialized
Ministries, Other; Pastoral Studies/Counseling; Pre-The-
documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
ology/Pre-Ministerial Studies; Rabbinical Studies; Theo-
logical and Ministerial Studies, Other; Theology and
Religious Vocations, Other; Theology/Theological Stud-
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Com-
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the ies; Youth Ministry. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESPhilosophy and Theology: Knowledge of
needs of the audience.
different philosophical systems and religions. This includes
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, cus-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services. toms, and practices and their impact on human culture.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
and School Social Workers; Clinical Psychologists; Clini- methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
cal, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Community instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling Psy- ment of training effects. Psychology: Knowledge of hu-
chologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious man behavior and performance; individual differences in
Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists; ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation;
Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health psychological research methods; and the assessment and
and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Mental Health treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Therapy
Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional Treat- and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and
ment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
C
Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social and Hu- physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
man Service Assistants; Social Workers, All Other; Sub- ing and guidance. English Language: Knowledge of the
stance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors. structure and content of the English language, including
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre- the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
quently involve working with, communicating with, and and grammar.

Clinical Psychologists

Growth: 18.1%
Part-Time: 23.4%
Diagnose or evaluate mental and emotional disorders of logical services and advice to private firms and commu-
individuals through observation, interview, and psycho- nity agencies on individual cases or mental health pro-
logical tests and formulate and administer programs of grams. Directs, coordinates, and evaluates activities of
treatment. Observes individual at play, in group interac- psychological staff and student interns engaged in patient
tions, or in other situations to detect indications of men- evaluation and treatment in psychiatric facility. Plans, su-
tal deficiency, abnormal behavior, or maladjustment. pervises, and conducts psychological research in fields such
Utilizes treatment methods such as psychotherapy, hyp- as personality development and diagnosis, treatment, and
nosis, behavior modification, stress reduction therapy, psy- prevention of mental disorders. Provides occupational, edu-
chodrama, and play therapy. Develops, directs, and cational, and other information to enable individual to
participates in staff training programs. Provides psycho- formulate realistic educational and vocational plans.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Assists clients to gain insight, define goals, and plan ac- and School Psychologists; Community and Social Service
tion to achieve effective personal, social, educational, and Specialists, All Other; Counseling Psychologists; Counse-
vocational development and adjustment. Consults refer- lors, All Other; Directors, Religious Activities and Educa-
ence material, such as textbooks, manuals, and journals, tion; Marriage and Family Therapists; Medical and Public
to identify symptoms, make diagnoses, and develop ap- Health Social Workers; Mental Health and Substance
proach to treatment. Plans and develops accredited psy- Abuse Social Workers; Mental Health Counselors; Proba-
chological service programs in psychiatric center or hospital tion Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists; Re-
in collaboration with psychiatrists and other professional habilitation Counselors; Religious Workers, All Other;
staff. Selects, administers, scores, and interprets psycho- Residential Advisors; Social and Human Service Assistants;
logical tests to obtain information on individuals intelli- Social Workers, All Other; Substance Abuse and Behav-
gence, achievement, interest, and personality. Develops ioral Disorder Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPEIn-
treatment plan, including type, frequency, intensity, and vestigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve
duration of therapy, in collaboration with psychiatrist and working with ideas and require an extensive amount of
other specialists. Conducts individual and group counsel- thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts
ing sessions regarding psychological or emotional prob- and figuring out problems mentally.
lems, such as stress, substance abuse, and family situations.
Responds to client reactions, evaluates effectiveness of EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
Child Psychology; Clinical Psychology; Counseling Psy-
counseling or treatment, and modifies plan as needed.
chology; Developmental and Child Psychology; Psycho-
Interviews individuals, couples, or families and reviews
analysis and Psychotherapy; Psychology, General; School
records to obtain information on medical, psychological,
Psychology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
emotional, relationship, or other problems. Analyzes in-
Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and perfor-
formation to assess client problems, determine advisabil-
ity of counseling, and refer client to other specialists, mance; individual differences in ability, personality, and
interests; learning and motivation; psychological research
institutions, or support services. SKILLSSocial Percep-
methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral
tiveness: Being aware of others reactions and understand-
and affective disorders. Therapy and Counseling: Knowl-
ing why they react as they do. Active Listening: Giving
edge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagno-
full attention to what other people are saying, taking time
sis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental
to understand the points being made, asking questions as
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. dysfunctions and for career counseling and guidance. En-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Speak-
ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Cus-
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
clusions, or approaches to problems. Writing: Communi- This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
isfaction. Administration and Management: Knowledge
of the audience.
of business and management principles involved in strate-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education gic planning, resource allocation, human resources mod-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services. eling, leadership technique, production methods, and
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, coordination of people and resources.
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical, Counseling,
_________________________________________________________________ Coaches and Scouts

Clinical, Counseling, and
Growth: 18.1%
School Psychologists

Part-Time: 23.4%
Diagnose and treat mental disorders; learning disabili- ers; Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers;
ties; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems Mental Health Counselors; Probation Officers and Cor-
using individual, child, family, and group therapies. May rectional Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors;
design and implement behavior modification programs. Religious Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; So-
SKILLSNo data available. cial and Human Service Assistants; Social Workers, All
Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Coun-
selors. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists; Child Psychology; Clinical Psychology; Counseling Psy-
Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other; chology; Developmental and Child Psychology; Psycho-
Counseling Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Direc- analysis and Psychotherapy; Psychology, General; School
tors, Religious Activities and Education; Marriage and Psychology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Family Therapists; Medical and Public Health Social Work- No data available.
C
training
Coaches and Scouts Growth: 17.6%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the funda- demonstrating sport techniques and game strategies. Plans
mentals of sports. Demonstrate techniques and meth- and directs physical conditioning program for athletes to
ods of participation. May evaluate athletes strengths and achieve maximum athletic performance. Observes athletes
weaknesses as possible recruits or to improve the ath- to determine areas of deficiency and need for individual
letes technique to prepare them for competition. Those or team improvement. SKILLSInstructing: Teaching
required to hold teaching degrees should be reported in others how to do something. Negotiation: Bringing oth-
the appropriate teaching category. Analyzes athletes per- ers together and trying to reconcile differences. Writing:
formance and reviews game statistics or records to deter- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for
mine fitness and potential for professional sports. Evaluates the needs of the audience. Management of Personnel
team and opposition capabilities to develop and plan game Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing people
strategy. Evaluates athletes skills and discusses or recom- as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Judg-
mends acquisition, trade, or position assignment of play- ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs
ers. Negotiates with professional athletes or representatives and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap-
to obtain services and arrange contracts. Prepares scout- propriate one. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
ing reports detailing information such as selection or re- written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
jection of athletes and locations identified for future ments. Time Management: Managing ones own time and
recruitment. Instructs athletes, individually or in groups, the time of others.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.10. Sports: Coach- and the measurement of training effects. Psychology:
ing, Instructing, Officiating, and Performing. Other Job Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
Titles in This Work Group: Athletes and Sports vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Competitors; Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors; ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials. PERSON- the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
ALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations disorders. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. and content of the English language, including the mean-
These occupations can involve leading people and making and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
ing many decisions. They sometimes require risk taking mar. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and
and often deal with business. methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or
services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, prod-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health
uct demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control sys-
and Physical Education, General; Physical Education
Teaching and Coaching; Sport and Fitness Administra-
tion/Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
nation of people and resources.

Coating, Painting, on-the-job training
and Spraying Machine Growth: 11.9%
Operators and Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Coating Machine Operators and Tenders: Operate or using water, solvents, and other cleaning aids. Records
tend machines to coat any of a wide variety of items: production data. Transfers completed item or product from
Coat food products with sugar, chocolate, or butter; coat machine to drying or storage area, using handcart, hand
paper and paper products with chemical solutions, wax, truck, or crane. Places item or product on feedrack, spindle,
or glazes; or coat fabric with rubber or plastic. Painting or reel strand to coat, paint, or spray, using hands, hoist,
and Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders: Operate or trucklift. Aligns or fastens machine parts such as roll-
or tend machines to spray or paint decorative, protec- ers, guides, brushes, and blades to secure roll, using hand
tive, or other coating or finish, such as adhesive, lacquer, tools. Attaches specified hose or nozzle to machine, using
paint, stain, latex, preservative, oil, or other solutions. wrench and pliers. Starts and stops operation of machine,
May apply coating or finish to any of a wide variety of using lever or button. Turns dial, handwheel, valve, or
items or materials, such as wood and wood products, switch to control and adjust temperature, speed, and flow
ceramics, and glass. Includes workers who apply coating of product or machine. SKILLSOperation and Con-
or finish to materials preparatory to further processing trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
or to consumer use. Observes machine operation and Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other
gauges to detect defects or deviations from standards. Fills indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
hopper, reservoir, trough, or pan with material used to Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
coat, paint, or spray, using conveyor or pail. Measures and
mixes specified quantities of substances to create coatings,
paints, or sprays. Threads or feeds item or product through
or around machine rollers and dryers. Examines, measures,
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce-
weighs, or tests sample product to ensure conformance to
specifications. Cleans machine, equipment, and work area, menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders;
_________________________ Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- ers, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polishing Work-
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- ers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Heaters,
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Metal and Plastic; HelpersProduction Workers; Job
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, Tapers, Printers; Letterpress Setters and Set-Up Operators; oth-
and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Operators and ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupa-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Controlled Ma- tions frequently involve work activities that include
chine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cooling and practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; Crushing, deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cutting and Slic- quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting and Slicing work or working closely with others.
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Design Print-
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Electrolytic
available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPro-
Plating and Coating Machine Operators and Tenders,
duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Ma-
duction processes, quality control, costs, and other
chine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Machine Set- techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
distribution of goods. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Extruding and
Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, Synthetic or
uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and Technol-
Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Machine Setters,
ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers; Ex-
truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine
Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers; principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
design and production of various goods and services.
Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Op-
Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc-
C
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine
Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; Food Cook-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven, duction techniques, and disposal methods. Mathematics:
Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass Cutting
Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders and Sort-

Coating, Painting, and on-the-job training
Spraying Machine Setters Growth: 11.9%
and Set-Up Operators Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Set up or set up and operate machines to coat or paint coating machines, using hand tools. Records operational
any of a wide variety of products, such as food products, data on specified forms. Cleans and maintains coating and
glassware, and cloth, ceramic, metal, plastic, paper, and painting machines, using hand tools. Measures thickness
wood products, with lacquer, silver and copper solution, and quality of coating, using micrometer. Examines and
rubber, paint, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rustproofing tests solutions, paints, products, and workpieces to ensure
materials. Sets up and operates machines to paint or coat specifications are met. Observes and adjusts loaded
products with such materials as silver and copper solu- workpiece or machine according to specifications. Selects
tion, rubber, paint, glaze, oil, or rustproofing materials. and loads materials, parts, and workpieces on machine,
Removes materials, parts, or workpieces from painting or using hand tools. Starts pumps to mix solutions and to
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
activate coating or painting machines. Operates auxiliary and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
machines or equipment used on the coating or painting Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
process. Weighs or measures chemicals, coatings, or paints Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
and adds to machine. Turns valves and adjusts controls to Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
regulate speed of conveyor, temperature, air pressure and Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
circulation, and flow or spray of coating or paint. Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
SKILLSEquipment Selection: Determining the kind ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Operation Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
and Control: Controlling operations of equipment or sys- elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
tems. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
other indicators to make sure a machine is working prop- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
erly. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and in- terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; Metal Molding,
spections of products, services, or processes to evaluate Coremaking, and Casting Machine Operators and Ten-
quality or performance. ders; others. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realis-
tic occupations frequently involve work activities that
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology. often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers;
paperwork or working closely with others.
Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers,
Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat- Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool Setters and Set- tenance. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting, Punching, and materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufac-
Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; Drilling and Bor- ture and distribution of goods. Chemistry: Knowledge of
ing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal the chemical composition, structure, and properties of
and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assem- substances and of the chemical processes and transforma-
blers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and Testers; Elec- tions that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals
tromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine and Other and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing Machine and disposal methods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Ex- metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine applications. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administra-
Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming, Press- tive and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro-
ing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and cessing, managing files and records, stenography and
Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers; and terminology.
Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
___________________________ Combination Machine Tool Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Coating, Painting, and training
Spraying Machine Setters, Growth: 11.9%
Operators, and Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Set up, operate, or tend machines to coat or paint any of Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Ex-
a wide variety of products, including food, glassware, truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine
cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lac- Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming, Press-
quer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, ing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
or rustproofing materials. SKILLSNo data available. Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers;
Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology.
and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers, Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat-
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up
C
elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
Operators; Combination Machine Tool Setters and Set-
Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting, Punching, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; Metal Molding,
Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; Drilling and Bor-
Coremaking, and Casting Machine Operators and Ten-
ing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal
ders; others. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assem-
blers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and Testers; Elec- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
tromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine and Other available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing Machine data available.

Combination Machine Tool on-the-job training
Operators and Tenders, Growth: 14.7%
Metal and Plastic Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Operate or tend more than one type of cutting or form- lic material. Positions, adjusts, and secures workpiece
ing machine tool that has been previously set up. In- against stops, on arbor, or in chuck, fixture, or automatic
cludes such machine tools as band saws, press brakes, feeding mechanism manually or using hoist. Aligns lay-
slitting machines, drills, lathes, and boring machines. out marks with die or blade. Inspects workpiece for de-
Activates and tends or operates machines to cut, shape, fects and measures workpiece, using rule, template, or other
thread, bore, drill, tap, bend, or mill metal or non-metal- measuring instruments to determine accuracy of machine
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
operation. Performs minor machine maintenance, such as Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Electrotypers and
oiling or cleaning machines, dies, or workpieces or adding Stereotypers; Embossing Machine Set-Up Operators; En-
coolant to machine reservoir. Removes burrs, sharp edges, graver Set-Up Operators; Extruding and Forming Machine
rust, or scale from workpiece, using file, hand grinder, wire Operators and Tenders, Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extrud-
brush, or power tools. Installs machine components, such ing and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
as chucks, boring bars, or cutting tools, according to speci- ders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers; Extruding, Forming,
fications, using hand tools. Sets machine stops or guides Pressing, and Compacting Machine Operators and Ten-
to specified length as indicated by scale, rule, or template. ders; Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers; Fiber Product
Adjusts machine components and changes worn accesso- Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass
ries, such as cutting tools and brushes, using hand tools. Laminators and Fabricators; Film Laboratory Technicians;
Extracts or lifts jammed pieces from machine, using fin- Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision; Food and Tobacco
gers, wire hooks, or lift bar. Reads job specifications to Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and
determine machine adjustments and material require- Tenders; Food Batchmakers; Food Cooking Machine
ments. Observes machine operation to detect workpiece Operators and Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and
defects or machine malfunction. SKILLSOperation and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass Cutting Machine
Control: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders and Sorters, Agri-
Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other cultural Products; Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand;
indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Heaters, Metal and
Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspec- Plastic; HelpersProduction Workers; Job Printers; Let-
tions of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality terpress Setters and Set-Up Operators; others. PERSON-
or performance. Equipment Maintenance: Performing ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
routine maintenance on equipment and determining when involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
and what kind of maintenance is needed. Equipment Se- problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
lection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
needed to do a job. Installation: Installing equipment, chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- with others.
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Machine
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Shop Technology/Assistant; Machine Tool Technology/
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other Machinist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Job Titles in This Work Group: Bakers, Manufacturing; Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce- production processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- tribution of goods. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, and their applications. Engineering and Technology:
Tapers, and Finishers; Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci-
Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cooling and Freezing Equip- ence and technology. This includes applying principles,
ment Operators and Tenders; Crushing, Grinding, and techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and
Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Cut- production of various goods and services. Design: Knowl-
ters and Trimmers, Hand; Cutting and Slicing Machine edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Operators and Tenders; Cutting and Slicing Machine Set- in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
ters, Operators, and Tenders; Design Printing Machine drawings, and models. Building and Construction:
Setters and Set-Up Operators; Electrolytic Plating and Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
Coating Machine Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plas- the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
tic; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Setters and structures, such as highways and roads.
______________________ Combination Machine Tool Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic

Combination Machine Tool on-the-job training
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Growth: 14.7%
Metal and Plastic Annual Job Openings: 21,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Set up or set up and operate more than one type of cut- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial
ting or forming machine tool, such as gear hobbers, Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology.
lathes, press brakes, shearing, and boring machines. Sets Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging
up and operates lathes, cutters, borers, millers, grinders, Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
presses, drills, and auxiliary machines to make metallic craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers;
and plastic workpieces. Computes data, such as gear di- Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers,
mensions and machine settings, applying knowledge of Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
shop mathematics. Instructs operators or other workers Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
in machine setup and operation. Records operational data Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat-
such as pressure readings, length of stroke, feeds, and ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up
speeds. Makes minor electrical and mechanical repairs and Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set-
adjustments to machines and notifies supervisor when ters, Operators, and Tenders; Cutting, Punching, and Press
major service is required. Lifts, positions, and secures Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas-
workpieces in holding devices, using hoists and hand tools. tic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; Drilling and Boring
Inspects first-run workpieces and verifies conformance to Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
C
specifications to check accuracy of machine setup. Mea- Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers;
sures and marks reference points and cutting lines on Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and Testers; Electro-
workpiece, using traced templates, compasses, and rules. mechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine and Other
Moves controls or mounts gears, cams, or templates in Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing Machine
machine to set feed rate and cutting speed, depth, and Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Ex-
angle. Selects, installs, and adjusts alignment of drills, cut- truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine
ters, dies, guides, and holding devices, using template, Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming, Press-
measuring instruments, and hand tools. Starts machine ing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
and turns handwheels or valves to engage feeding, cool- Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
ing, and lubricating mechanisms. Reads blueprint or job ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers;
order to determine product specifications and tooling in- Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
structions and to plan operational sequences. Monitors and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
machine operation and moves controls to align and ad- Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
just position of workpieces and action of cutting tools. Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
SKILLSQuality Control Analysis: Conducting tests Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
and inspections of products, services, or processes to evalu- Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
ate quality or performance. Operation and Control: Con- Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
trolling operations of equipment or systems. ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Op- Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
eration Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other in- elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
dicators to make sure a machine is working properly. Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine mainte- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers;
nance on equipment and determining when and what kind Materials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; Metal Mold-
of maintenance is needed. Instructing: Teaching others ing, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Operators and
how to do something. Tenders; others. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that and principles involved in production of precision techni-
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Mathemat-
often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa- and statistics and their applications. Engineering and Tech-
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi-
paperwork or working closely with others. neering science and technology. This includes applying
design and production of various goods and services. Pro-
Shop Technology/Assistant; Machine Tool Technology/
Machinist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
distribution of goods.
tenance. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,

Combined Food Preparation training
and Serving Workers, Growth: 30.5%
Including Fast Food Self-Employed: 0.3%
Part-Time: 57.4%
Perform duties which combine both food preparation deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
and food service. Selects food items from serving or stor- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
age areas and places food and beverage items on serving quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
tray or in takeout bag. Notifies kitchen personnel of short- work or working closely with others.
ages or special orders. Receives payment. Requests and
records customer order and computes bill. Makes and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Food
serves hot and cold beverages or desserts. Cooks or re- Preparation/Professional Cooking/Kitchen Assistant; In-
heats food items, such as french fries. SKILLSMath- stitutional Food Workers. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Speaking: COURSESCustomer and Personal Service: Knowledge
Talking to others to convey information effectively. of principles and processes for providing customer and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. customer satisfaction. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend- applications. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of prin-
ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; ciples and methods for showing, promoting, and selling
Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, Institution products or services. This includes marketing strategy and
and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short Order; tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales
Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and control systems. English Language: Knowledge of the
Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and structure and content of the English language, including
Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation and the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Preparation and grammar. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis-
Workers; Food Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Host- trative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word
esses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters and processing, managing files and records, stenography and
Waitresses. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
occupations frequently involve work activities that include and terminology.
____________________________________________________ Commercial and Industrial Designers

Commercial and Industrial

Growth: 23.8%
Designers

Part-Time: 20.0%
Develop and design manufactured products, such as cars, in relation to others actions. Monitoring: Monitoring/
home appliances, and childrens toys. Combine artistic Assessing your performance or that of other individuals
talent with research on product use, marketing, and or organizations to make improvements or take corrective
materials to create the most functional and appealing action.
product design. Confers with engineering, marketing,
production, or sales department or customer to establish GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
design concepts for manufactured products. Integrates tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts.
findings and concepts and sketches design ideas. Designs Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; De-
packaging and containers for products, such as foods, bev- signers, All Other; Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers;
erages, toiletries, or medicines. Prepares itemized produc- Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustra-
tion requirements to produce item. Fabricates model or tors; Floral Designers; Graphic Designers; Interior Design-
sample in paper, wood, glass, fabric, plastic, or metal, users; Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers;
ing hand and power tools. Directs and coordinates prepa- Multi-Media Artists and Animators; Painters and Illustra-
ration of detailed drawings from sketches or fabrication tors; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit Designers; Set Designers;
of models or samples. Reads publications, attends show- Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artis-
tic occupations frequently involve working with forms,
C
ings, and studies traditional, period, and contemporary
design styles and motifs to obtain perspective and design designs, and patterns. They often require self-expression,
concepts. Modifies design to conform with customer speci- and the work can be done without following a clear set of
fications, production limitations, or changes in design rules.
trends. Presents design to customer or design committee EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Com-
for approval and discusses need for modification. Creates mercial and Advertising Art; Design and Applied Arts,
and designs graphic material for use as ornamentation, Other; Design and Visual Communications, General; In-
illustration, or advertising on manufactured materials and dustrial Design. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
packaging. Evaluates design ideas for feasibility based on COURSESDesign: Knowledge of design techniques,
factors such as appearance, function, serviceability, bud- tools, and principles involved in production of precision
get, production costs/methods, and market characteris- technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Sales
tics. Prepares detailed drawings, illustrations, artwork, or and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
blueprints, using drawing instruments or paints and showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This
brushes. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under- includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon-
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Fine
documents. Active Learning: Understanding the implica- Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to
tions of new information for both current and future prob- compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance,
lem-solving and decision-making. Critical Thinking: visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Production and Pro-
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and cessing: Knowledge of raw materials, production processes,
weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or ap- quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximiz-
proaches to problems. Equipment Selection: Determin- ing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
ing the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and product require- and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
ments to create a design. Coordination: Adjusting actions tenance.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Commercial Divers Growth: 11.5%
Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 5.9%
Work below surface of water, using scuba gear to iners; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
spect, repair, remove, or install equipment and structures. Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
May use a variety of power and hand tools, such as drills, Concrete Finishers; Construction Carpenters; Drywall and
sledgehammers, torches, and welding equipment. May Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Electricians;
conduct tests or experiments, rig explosives, or photo- Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and
graph structures or marine life. Descends into water with Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet,
aid of diver helper, using scuba gear or diving suit. Com- Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla-
municates with surface while underwater by signal line or ziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazard-
telephone. Searches for lost or sunken objects, such as ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor,
bodies, torpedoes, equipment, and ships. Recovers objects Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu-
by placing rigging around sunken objects and hooking factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operat-
rigging to crane lines. Inspects docks, hulls and propellers ing Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other
of ships and underwater pipelines, cables, and sewers. Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construc-
Repairs ships and other structures below the water line, tion and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing,
using caulk, bolts, and hand tools. Cuts and welds steel, and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
using underwater welding equipment. Removes obstruc- tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
tions from strainers and marine railway or launching ways, and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
using pneumatic and power hand tools. Sets or guides Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip-
placement of pilings and sandbags to provide support for ment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
structures such as docks, bridges, cofferdams, and plat- Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Rig-
forms. Drills holes in rock and rigs explosives for under- gers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm
water demolitions. Photographs underwater structures or Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Work-
marine life. Levels rails, using wedges and maul or sledge- ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv-
hammer. SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines or ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
systems, using the needed tools. Active Listening: Giving Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
full attention to what other people are saying, taking time Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
to understand the points being made, asking questions as cupations frequently involve work activities that include
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec- deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
tively. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to oth- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
ers actions. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Operation work or working closely with others.
and Control: Controlling operations of equipment or sys-
tems. Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine main- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Diver,
tenance on equipment and determining when and what Professional and Instructor. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
kind of maintenance is needed. COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- structures, such as highways and roads. Engineering and
___________________________________________________________________ Commercial Pilots
Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics
engineering science and technology. This includes apply- and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic struc-
ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to tures and processes. Telecommunications: Knowledge of
the design and production of various goods and services. transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and opera-
Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles tion of telecommunications systems.
and laws and their interrelationships and applications to

vocational training
Commercial Pilots Growth: 26.9%
Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 23.3%
Pilot and navigate the flight of small fixed or rotary GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta-
winged aircraft, primarily for the transport of cargo and tion. Work Group: 07.03. Air Vehicle Operation. Other
passengers. Requires Commercial Rating. Starts engines, Job Titles in This Work Group: Airline Pilots, Copilots,
operates controls, and pilots airplane to transport passen- and Flight Engineers. PERSONALITY TYPERealis-
gers, mail, or freight, adhering to flight plan and regula- tic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work activi-
tions and procedures. Obtains and reviews data such as ties that include practical, hands-on problems and
load weight, fuel supply, weather conditions, and flight solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
schedule. Plots flight pattern and files flight plan with world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
C
appropriate officials. Orders changes in fuel supply, load, the occupations require working outside and do not in-
route, or schedule to ensure safety of flight. Conducts pre- volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
flight checks and reads gauges to verify that fluids and
pressure are at prescribed levels. Operates radio equipment EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Airline/
Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew; Flight
and contacts control tower for takeoff, clearance, arrival
Instructor. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
instructions, and other information. Coordinates flight
Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for
activities with ground-crew and air-traffic control and in-
moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
forms crew members of flight and test procedures. Holds
the relative costs and benefits. Physics: Knowledge and
commercial pilots license issued by Federal Aviation Ad-
ministration. Conducts in-flight tests and evaluations at prediction of physical principles and laws and their inter-
relationships and applications to understanding fluid,
specified altitudes in all types of weather to determine re-
ceptivity and other characteristics of equipment and sys-
tems. Logs information such as flight time, altitude flown,
Geography: Knowledge of principles and methods for
and fuel consumption. Plans and formulates flight activi-
describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, in-
ties and test schedules and prepares flight evaluation re-
ports. Gives training and instruction in aircraft operations cluding their physical characteristics, locations, interrela-
tionships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human
for students and other pilots. SKILLSOperation and
life. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant
equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other
effective local, state, or national security operations for
indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Co-
ordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Tele-
Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela-
communications: Knowledge of transmission,
broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of tele-
most appropriate one.
communications systems.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Communications Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in communications, such as organizational tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teach-
communications, public relations, radio/television broad- ers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health
casting, and journalism. SKILLSNo data available. Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio-
Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
Education; others. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; available.
Child Care Workers; Computer Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Advertis-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, ing; Broadcast Journalism; Communication Studies/
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Speech Communication and Rhetoric; Communication,
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School Journalism, and Related Programs, Other; Digital Com-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special munication and Media/Multimedia; Health Communi-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English cation; Journalism; Journalism, Other; Mass
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- Communication/Media Studies; Political Communica-
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and tion; Public Relations/Image Management; Radio and
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit- Television. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva- data available.

plus degree
Compensation and Benefits Annual Earnings: $61,880
Growth: 12.7%
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Part-Time: 3.6%
Plan, direct, or coordinate compensation and benefits classification, orientation, benefits, and labor and indus-
activities and staff of an organization. Formulates poli- trial relations. Plans, directs, supervises, and coordinates
cies and procedures for recruitment, testing, placement, work activities of subordinates and staff relating to
___________________________________________________ Compensation and Benefits Managers
employment, compensation, labor relations, and employee problem-solving and decision-making. Reading Compre-
relations. Directs preparation and distribution of written hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs
and verbal information to inform employees of benefits, in work-related documents. Speaking: Talking to others
compensation, and personnel policies. Evaluates and modi- to convey information effectively. Coordination: Adjust-
fies benefits policies to establish competitive programs and ing actions in relation to others actions.
to ensure compliance with legal requirements. Prepares
budget for personnel operations. Negotiates bargaining
agreements and resolves labor disputes. Conducts exit in-
Management Work and Management of Support Func-
terviews to identify reasons for employee termination and
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex-
writes separation notices. Writes directives advising de-
partment managers of organization policy in personnel ecutives; Farm, Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers;
Financial Managers; Financial Managers, Branch or De-
matters such as equal employment opportunity, sexual
partment; Funeral Directors; General and Operations
harassment, and discrimination. Maintains records and
Managers; Government Service Executives; Human Re-
compiles statistical reports concerning personnel-related
sources Managers; Human Resources Managers, All Other;
data such as hires, transfers, performance appraisals, and
Legislators; Managers, All Other; Postmasters and Mail
absenteeism rates. Investigates industrial accidents and
prepares reports for insurance carrier. Contracts with ven- Superintendents; Private Sector Executives; Property, Real
Estate, and Community Association Managers; Public
dors to provide employee services, such as canteen,
Relations Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and
transportation, or relocation service. Represents organiza-
Distribution Managers; Training and Development Man-
tion at personnel-related hearings and investigations. Ana-
agers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Manag-
lyzes statistical data and reports to identify and determine
ers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers.
causes of personnel problems and develop recommenda-
tions for improvement of organizations personnel poli- PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
cies and practices. Studies legislation, arbitration decisions,
C
and collective bargaining contracts to assess industry trends.
Plans and conducts new employee orientation to foster
positive attitude toward organizational objectives. Meets
with shop stewards and supervisors to resolve grievances. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Human
Prepares and delivers presentations and reports to corpo- Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
rate officers or other management regarding human re- eral; Labor and Industrial Relations. RELATED KNOWL-
source management policies and practices and EDGE/COURSESPersonnel and Human Resources:
recommendations for change. Prepares personnel forecast Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel re-
to project employment needs. Develops methods to im- cruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits,
prove employment policies, processes, and practices and labor relations and negotiation, and personnel informa-
recommends changes to management. Analyzes compen- tion systems. Administration and Management: Knowl-
sation policies, government regulations, and prevailing edge of business and management principles involved in
wage rates to develop competitive compensation plan. strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
SKILLSManagement of Personnel Resources: Moti- modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
vating, developing, and directing people as they work, iden- coordination of people and resources. Mathematics:
tifying the best people for the job. Systems Analysis: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Determining how a system should work and how changes statistics and their applications. English Language: Knowl-
in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect edge of the structure and content of the English language,
outcomes. Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
indicators of system performance and the actions needed position, and grammar. Education and Training: Knowl-
to improve or correct performance relative to the goals of edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
the system. Active Learning: Understanding the impli- design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
cations of new information for both current and future and the measurement of training effects.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Compensation, Benefits, and Growth: 15.7%

Job Analysis Specialists
Self-Employed: 2.6%
Part-Time: 6.9%
Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General
job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific ar- Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage-
eas, such as position classification and pension programs. ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
Analyzes organizational, occupational, and industrial data Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and
to facilitate organizational functions and provide techni- Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses-
cal information to business, industry, and government. sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam-
Evaluates and improves methods and techniques for se- iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and
lecting, promoting, evaluating, and training workers. Plans Casualty Insurance; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts;
and develops curricula and materials for training programs Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
and conducts training. Determines need for and develops Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe-
job analysis instruments and materials. Researches job and cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training,
worker requirements, structural and functional relation- and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad-
ships among jobs and occupations, and occupational justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
trends. Prepares reports, such as job descriptions, organi- ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan
zation and flow charts, and career path reports, to sum- Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management
marize job analysis information. Consults with business, Analysts; Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters;
industry, government, and union officials to arrange for, Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchas-
plan, and design occupational studies and surveys. Pre- ing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products;
pares research results for publication in form of journals, Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training
books, manuals, and film. Observes and interviews em- and Development Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buy-
ployees to collect job, organizational, and occupational ers, Except Farm Products. PERSONALITY TYPEIn-
information. SKILLSWriting: Communicating effec- vestigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audi- working with ideas and require an extensive amount of
ence. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Sys- and figuring out problems mentally.
tems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators of
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Human
system performance and the actions needed to improve or
Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
correct performance relative to the goals of the system.
eral; Labor and Industrial Relations. RELATED KNOWL-
Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec-
EDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge of
tively. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/
instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
their applications. English Language: Knowledge of the
situation when learning or teaching new things. Active
structure and content of the English language, including
Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are
the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
and grammar. Psychology: Knowledge of human behav-
ior and performance; individual differences in ability, per-
inappropriate times. Coordination: Adjusting actions in
relation to others actions. sonality, and interests; learning and motivation;
________________________________________________________________________ Composers
treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Personnel and personnel information systems. Computers and Elec-
and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and pro- tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
cedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, com- electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
pensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, ware, including applications and programming.

Composers

Growth: 13.1%
Part-Time: 53.5%
Compose music for orchestra, choral group, or band. Address System and Other Announcers; Radio and Tele-
Creates original musical form or writes within circum- vision Announcers; Singers; Talent Directors. PERSON-
scribed musical form, such as sonata, symphony, or opera. ALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently
Transcribes or records musical ideas into notes on scored involve working with forms, designs, and patterns. They
music paper. Develops pattern of harmony, applying often require self-expression, and the work can be done
knowledge of music theory. Synthesizes ideas for melody without following a clear set of rules.
of musical scores for choral group or band. Creates musi-
cal and tonal structure, applying elements of music theory, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Conduct-
ing; Music Management and Merchandising; Music Per-
such as instrumental and vocal capabilities. Determines
formance, General; Music Theory and Composition;
basic pattern of melody, applying knowledge of music
Music, Other; Musicology and Ethnomusicology; Reli-
theory. SKILLSEquipment Selection: Determining the
C
gious/Sacred Music; Voice and Opera. RELATED
kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Com-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of
plex Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems and
reviewing related information to develop and evaluate the theory and techniques required to compose, produce,
and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama,
options and implement solutions. Monitoring: Monitor-
and sculpture. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
ing/Assessing your performance or that of other individu-
algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
als or organizations to make improvements or take
cations. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
corrective action. Writing: Communicating effectively in
and content of the English language, including the mean-
writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Read-
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
mar. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
clerical procedures and systems, such as word processing,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing designing forms, and other office procedures and termi-
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- nology. Communications and Media: Knowledge of me-
reographers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, Motion Pictures, dia production, communication, and dissemination
Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers and Orchestra- techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
tors; Music Directors; Music Directors and Composers; to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual
Musicians and Singers; Musicians, Instrumental; Public media.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Computer and Information
Growth: 40.3%
Scientists, Research

Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Conduct research into fundamental computer and in- Other; Mathematical Technicians; Mathematicians; Net-
formation science as theorists, designers, or inventors. work and Computer Systems Administrators; Network
Solve or develop solutions to problems in the field of Systems and Data Communications Analysts; Operations
computer hardware and software. SKILLSNo data Research Analysts; Statistical Assistants; Statisticians. PER-
available. SONALITY TYPENo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Artificial
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat- Intelligence and Robotics; Computer and Information
ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Sciences and Support Services, Other; Computer and In-
Actuaries; Computer Programmers; Computer Security formation Sciences, General; Computer Science; Com-
Specialists; Computer Specialists, All Other; Computer puter Systems Analysis/Analyst; Information Science/
Support Specialists; Computer Systems Analysts; Database Studies; Medical Informatics. RELATED KNOWL-
Administrators; Mathematical Science Occupations, All EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

plus degree
Computer and Information Annual Earnings: $82,480
Growth: 47.9%
Systems Managers Annual Job Openings: 28,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as elec- SKILLSManagement of Material Resources: Obtain-
tronic data processing, information systems, systems ing and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facili-
analysis, and computer programming. Evaluates data pro- ties, and materials needed to do certain work.
cessing project proposals and assesses project feasibility. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac-
Directs daily operations of department and coordinates tions. Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating,
project activities with other departments. Directs training developing, and directing people as they work, identify-
of subordinates. Participates in staffing decisions. Devel- ing the best people for the job. Reading Comprehension:
ops and interprets organizational goals, policies, and pro- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
cedures and reviews project plans. Develops performance related documents. Systems Evaluation: Identifying mea-
standards and evaluates work in light of established stan- sures or indicators of system performance and the actions
dards. Analyzes workflow and assigns or schedules work needed to improve or correct performance relative to the
to meet priorities and goals. Meets with department heads, goals of the system. Judgment and Decision Making: Con-
managers, supervisors, vendors, and others to solicit co- sidering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions
operation and resolve problems. Approves, prepares, moni- to choose the most appropriate one.
tors, and adjusts operational budget. Consults with users,
management, vendors, and technicians to determine com- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.01. Managerial
puting needs and system requirements. Prepares and re-
Work in Science, Math, and Engineering. Other Job Titles
views operational reports or project progress reports.
in This Work Group: Engineering Managers; Natural Sci-
________________________________________________________ Computer Hardware Engineers
ences Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead- coordination of people and resources. Computers and
ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
require risk taking and often deal with business. electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
ware, including applications and programming. Math-
ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
puter and Information Sciences, General; Computer Sci-
calculus, and statistics and their applications. English Lan-
ence; Information Resources Management/CIO Training;
guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Information Science/Studies; Knowledge Management;
Management Information Systems, General; Operations words, rules of composition, and grammar. Economics
Management and Supervision; System Administration/
and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and account-
Administrator. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing principles and practices, the financial markets, bank-
ing, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
edge of business and management principles involved in

Computer Hardware Growth: 24.9%
Engineers Self-Employed: 2.9%
Part-Time: 2.6%
C
Research, design, develop, and test computer or com- programming, and documentation. Consults with engi-
puter-related equipment for commercial, industrial, mili- neering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and
tary, or scientific use. May supervise the manufacturing software and operational and performance requirements
and installation of computer or computer-related equip- of overall system. Analyzes information to determine, rec-
ment and components. Analyzes software requirements ommend, and plan layout for type of computers and pe-
to determine feasibility of design within time and cost ripheral equipment modifications to existing systems.
constraints. Trains users to use new or modified equip- SKILLSTroubleshooting: Determining causes of op-
ment. Recommends purchase of equipment to control erating errors and deciding what to do about them. Pro-
dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system instal- gramming: Writing computer programs for various
lation. Enters data into computer terminal to store, re- purposes. Active Learning: Understanding the implica-
trieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system tions of new information for both current and future prob-
capabilities and requirements. Specifies power supply re- lem-solving and decision-making. Mathematics: Using
quirements and configuration. Consults with customer mathematics to solve problems. Installation: Installing
concerning maintenance of software system. Monitors equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet speci-
functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in fications. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and prod-
conformance with specifications. Evaluates factors such uct requirements to create a design.
as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need
for security restrictions to determine hardware configura-
tion. Formulates and designs software system, using sci- Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.07. Engineer-
entific analysis and mathematical models to predict and
measure outcome and consequences of design. Confers
Landscape and Naval; Biomedical Engineers; Chemical
with data processing and project managers to obtain in-
Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Software Engineers,
formation on limitations and capabilities for data process-
Applications; Computer Software Engineers, Systems Soft-
ing projects. Coordinates installation of software system.
Develops and directs software system testing procedures, ware; Electrical Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Computer; Engineers, All Other; Environmental Engi- programming. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
neers; Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers; Health gebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and tions. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and practical application of engineering science and technol-
Health Engineers; Landscape Architects; Marine Archi- ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
tects; Marine Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Ar- dures, and equipment to the design and production of
chitects; Materials Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; various goods and services. English Language: Knowledge
Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining of the structure and content of the English language, in-
Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum Engineers; cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Product Safety Engineers; Sales Engineers. PERSONAL- position, and grammar. Education and Training:
ITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations fre- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
quently involve working with ideas and require an extensive training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search- and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Ad-
ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally. ministration and Management: Knowledge of business and
puter Engineering, General; Computer Hardware Engi- technique, production methods, and coordination of people
neering. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
and resources. Design: Knowledge of design techniques,
Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit
boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com-
technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Computer Programmers Growth: 16.2%
Self-Employed: 4.8%
Part-Time: 7.3%
Convert project specifications and statements of problems dinates, and reviews work and activities of programming
and procedures to detailed logical flow charts for coding personnel. Collaborates with computer manufacturers and
into computer language. Develop and write computer other users to develop new programming methods. Writes
programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, instructions to guide operating personnel during produc-
data, and information. May program Web sites. Analyzes, tion runs. Revises or directs revision of existing programs
reviews, and rewrites programs, using workflow chart and to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new require-
diagram, applying knowledge of computer capabilities, sub- ments. Compiles and writes documentation of program
ject matter, and symbolic logic. Converts detailed logical development and subsequent revisions. Prepares or receives
flow chart to language processible by computer. Resolves detailed workflow chart and diagram to illustrate sequence
symbolic formulations, prepares flow charts and block dia- of steps to describe input, output, and logical operation.
grams, and encodes resultant equations for processing. SKILLSProgramming: Writing computer programs for
Develops programs from workflow charts or diagrams, con- various purposes. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
sidering computer storage capacity, speed, and intended use ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
of output data. Consults with managerial, engineering, and ments. Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating
technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify prob- errors and deciding what to do about them. Writing: Com-
lems, and suggest changes. Prepares records and reports. municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
Assists computer operators or system analysts to resolve of the audience. Active Learning: Understanding the im-
problems in running computer program. Trains subordi- plications of new information for both current and future
nates in programming and program coding. Assigns, coor- problem-solving and decision-making.
_______________________________________________ Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, merce/Electronic Commerce; Management Information

Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat- Systems, General; Medical Informatics; Medical Office
ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Computer Specialist/Assistant; Web Page, Digital/Multi-
Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research; media, and Information Resources Design; Web/Multime-
Computer Security Specialists; Computer Specialists, All dia Management and Webmaster. RELATED
Other; Computer Support Specialists; Computer Systems KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComputers and Electron-
Analysts; Database Administrators; Mathematical Science ics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, elec-
Occupations, All Other; Mathematical Technicians; Math- tronic equipment, and computer hardware and software,
ematicians; Network and Computer Systems Administra- including applications and programming. Mathematics:
tors; Network Systems and Data Communications Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Analysts; Operations Research Analysts; Statistical Assis- statistics and their applications. Education and Training:
tants; Statisticians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. groups, and the measurement of training effects. English
These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
uring out problems mentally. English language, including the meaning and spelling of
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Clerical Stud-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Artificial
ies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures
Intelligence and Robotics; Bioinformatics; Computer
and systems, such as word processing, managing files and
Graphics; Computer Programming, Specific Applications;
records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification;
and other office procedures and terminology.
Computer Programming/Programmer, General; E-Com-
C

Computer Science Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in computer science. May specialize in a for the needs of the audience. Active Learning: Under-
field of computer science, such as the design and func- standing the implications of new information for both
tion of computers or operations and research analysis. current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Prepares and delivers lectures to students. Compiles, ad- Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/instruc-
ministers, and grades examinations or assigns this work to tional methods and procedures appropriate for the situa-
others. Directs research of other teachers or graduate stu- tion when learning or teaching new things.
dents working for advanced academic degrees. Compiles
bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading
assignments. Stimulates class discussions. Conducts re-
search in particular field of knowledge and publishes find-
ings in professional journals. Acts as adviser to student
organizations. Serves on faculty committee providing pro-
fessional consulting services to government and industry. Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth-
Advises students on academic and vocational curricula.
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Writ-
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Jus- involve working with ideas and require an extensive amount
tice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Cura- of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for
tors; Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education facts and figuring out problems mentally.
Teachers, Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Edu-
cational, Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary
puter and Information Sciences, General; Computer Pro-
School Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering
gramming/Programmer, General; Computer Science;
Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature
Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst; Information Science/
Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; Studies. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCom-
puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
hardware and software, including applications and pro-
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
gramming. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu- teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and
the measurement of training effects. Mathematics: Knowl-
cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, position, and grammar. Administration and Management:
Knowledge of business and management principles in-
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers,

Computer Security
Growth: 81.9%
Specialists

Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Plan, coordinate, and implement security measures for access to safeguard information in computer files. Con-
information systems to regulate access to computer data fers with personnel to discuss issues such as computer data
files and prevent unauthorized modification, destruction, access needs, security violations, and programming
or disclosure of information. Develops plans to safeguard changes. Coordinates implementation of computer sys-
computer files against accidental or unauthorized modifi- tem plan with establishment personnel and outside ven-
cation, destruction, or disclosure and to meet emergency dors. SKILLSProgramming: Writing computer
data processing needs. Writes reports to document com- programs for various purposes. Operations Analysis: Ana-
puter security and emergency measures policies, proce- lyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
dures, and test results. Tests data processing system to Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro-
ensure functioning of data processing activities and secu- priate for the needs of the audience. Mathematics: Using
rity measures. Modifies computer security files to incor- mathematics to solve problems. Technology Design: Gen-
porate new software, correct errors, or change individual erating or adapting equipment and technology to serve
access status. Monitors use of data files and regulates user needs.
_______________________________________________ Computer Software Engineers, Applications
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, ing and Telecommunications; Information Science/Stud-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat- ies; System Administration/Administrator; System, Net-
ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: working, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager.
Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research; RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComputers
Computer Programmers; Computer Specialists, All Other; and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors,
Computer Support Specialists; Computer Systems Ana- chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
lysts; Database Administrators; Mathematical Science software, including applications and programming. En-
Occupations, All Other; Mathematical Technicians; Math- glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
ematicians; Network and Computer Systems Administra- of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
tors; Network Systems and Data Communications ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Public
Analysts; Operations Research Analysts; Statistical Assis- Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment,
tants; Statisticians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga- policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective
tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working local, state, or national security operations for the protec-
with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. tion of people, data, property, and institutions. Adminis-
These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig- tration and Management: Knowledge of business and
uring out problems mentally. management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
puter and Information Sciences and Support Services,
people and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Other; Computer and Information Sciences, General;
Computer and Information Systems Security; Computer
applications.
Systems Analysis/Analyst; Computer Systems Network-
C

Computer Software
Growth: 100.0%
Engineers, Applications

Self-Employed: 4.1%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Develop, create, and modify general computer applica- design. Confers with data processing and project manag-
tions software or specialized utility programs. Analyze ers to obtain information on limitations and capabilities
user needs and develop software solutions. Design soft- for data processing projects. Coordinates installation of
ware or customize software for client use with the aim of software system. Develops and directs software system test-
optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and de- ing procedures, programming, and documentation. Con-
sign databases within an application area, working indi- sults with engineering staff to evaluate interface between
vidually or coordinating database development as part hardware and software and operational and performance
of a team. Analyzes software requirements to determine requirements of overall system. Analyzes information to
feasibility of design within time and cost constraints. Speci- determine, recommend, and plan layout for type of com-
fies power supply requirements and configuration. Con- puters and peripheral equipment modifications to exist-
sults with customer concerning maintenance of software ing systems. Enters data into computer terminal to store,
system. Monitors functioning of equipment to ensure sys- retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capa-
tem operates in conformance with specifications. Evalu- bilities and requirements. Recommends purchase of equip-
ates factors such as reporting formats required, cost ment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area
constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine of system installation. Trains users to use new or modified
hardware configuration. Formulates and designs software equipment. SKILLSTroubleshooting: Determining
system, using scientific analysis and mathematical models causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about
to predict and measure outcome and consequences of them. Programming: Writing computer programs for
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
various purposes. Active Learning: Understanding the im- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Artificial

plications of new information for both current and future Intelligence and Robotics; Bioinformatics; Computer
problem-solving and decision-making. Mathematics: Us- Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other; Computer
ing mathematics to solve problems. Installation: Install- Engineering, General; Computer Science; Computer Soft-
ing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet ware Engineering; Information Technology; Medical Il-
specifications. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and lustration and Informatics, Other; Medical Informatics.
product requirements to create a design. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComputers
and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors,
chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
software, including applications and programming. Math-
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hardware Engi-
neers; Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software;
Electrical Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Com-
puter; Engineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers; vices. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers; Health and
Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and
Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and
mar. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
Health Engineers; Landscape Architects; Marine Archi-
tects; Marine Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Ar-
chitects; Materials Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining
nation of people and resources. Education and Training:
Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum Engineers;
Product Safety Engineers; Sales Engineers. PERSONAL-
ITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations fre-
and groups, and the measurement of training effects. De-
sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search- ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
blueprints, drawings, and models.

Computer Software
Growth: 89.7%
Engineers, Systems Software

Self-Employed: 4.1%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Research, design, develop, and test operating systems sults with customer concerning maintenance of software
level software, compilers, and network distribution soft- system. Trains users to use new or modified equipment.
ware for medical, industrial, military, communications, Recommends purchase of equipment to control dust, tem-
aerospace, business, scientific, and general computing perature, and humidity in area of system installation. En-
applications. Set operational specifications and formu- ters data into computer terminal to store, retrieve, and
late and analyze software requirements. Apply principles manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and re-
and techniques of computer science, engineering, and quirements. Specifies power supply requirements and con-
mathematical analysis. Analyzes software requirements to figuration. Monitors functioning of equipment to ensure
determine feasibility of design within time and cost con- that system operates in conformance with specifications.
straints. Coordinates installation of software system. Con- Develops and directs software system testing procedures,
__________________________________________________________ Computer Support Specialists
programming, and documentation. Consults with engi- rials Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; Mining and Geo-
neering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and logical Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers;
software and operational and performance requirements Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum Engineers; Product Safety
of overall system. Evaluates factors such as reporting for- Engineers; Sales Engineers. PERSONALITY TYPE
mats required, cost constraints, and need for security re- Investigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve
strictions to determine hardware configuration. Confers working with ideas and require an extensive amount of
with data processing and project managers to obtain in- thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts
formation on limitations and capabilities for data process- and figuring out problems mentally.
ing projects. Formulates and designs software system, using
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Artificial
scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and
measure outcome and consequences of design. Analyzes Intelligence and Robotics; Computer Engineering Tech-
nologies/Technicians, Other; Computer Engineering,
information to determine, recommend, and plan layout
General; Computer Science; Information Science/Stud-
for type of computers and peripheral equipment modifi-
ies; Information Technology. RELATED KNOWL-
cations to existing systems. SKILLSTroubleshooting:
EDGE/COURSESComputers and Electronics:
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what
to do about them. Programming: Writing computer pro-
grams for various purposes. Active Learning: Understand- equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
ing applications and programming. Engineering and Tech-
ing the implications of new information for both current
nology: Knowledge of the practical application of
and future problem-solving and decision-making. Math-
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Opera-
tions Analysis: Analyzing needs and product requirements
to create a design. Installation: Installing equipment,
machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. English
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
C
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.07. Engineer- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace words, rules of composition, and grammar. Administra-
Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Architects, Except tion and Management: Knowledge of business and man-
Landscape and Naval; Biomedical Engineers; Chemical agement principles involved in strategic planning, resource
Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hardware Engi- allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Elec- nique, production methods, and coordination of people
trical Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Computer; and resources. Design: Knowledge of design techniques,
Engineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers; Fire-Pre- tools, and principles involved in production of precision
vention and Protection Engineers; Health and Safety En- technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Edu-
gineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors; cation and Training: Knowledge of principles and meth-
Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and Health Engi- ods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
neers; Landscape Architects; Marine Architects; Marine instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Architects; Mate- ment of training effects.

Computer Support Specialists

Growth: 97.0%
Provide technical assistance to computer system users. ents in person, via telephone, or from remote location.
Answer questions or resolve computer problems for cli- May provide assistance concerning the use of computer
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
hardware and software, including printing, installation, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems. Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat-
Installs and performs minor repairs to hardware, software, ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
and peripheral equipment, following design or installa- Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research;
tion specifications. Confers with staff, users, and manage- Computer Programmers; Computer Security Specialists;
ment to determine requirements for new systems or Computer Specialists, All Other; Computer Systems Ana-
modifications. Reads technical manuals, confers with us- lysts; Database Administrators; Mathematical Science Oc-
ers, and conducts computer diagnostics to determine na- cupations, All Other; Mathematical Technicians;
ture of problems and provide technical assistance. Develops Mathematicians; Network and Computer Systems Admin-
training materials and procedures; conducts training pro- istrators; Network Systems and Data Communications
grams. Refers major hardware or software problems or Analysts; Operations Research Analysts; Statistical Assis-
defective products to vendors or technicians for service. tants; Statisticians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
Conducts office automation feasibility studies, including tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working
workflow analysis, space design, and cost comparison with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
analysis. Supervises and coordinates workers engaged in These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig-
problem-solving, monitoring, and installing data commu- uring out problems mentally.
nication equipment and software. Inspects equipment and
reads order sheets to prepare for delivery to users. Reads
ing and Computer Science; Agricultural Business Tech-
trade magazines and technical manuals and attends con-
nology; Computer Hardware Technology/Technician;
ferences and seminars to maintain knowledge of hardware
Computer Software Technology/Technician; Data Process-
and software. Maintains record of daily data communica-
ing and Data Processing Technology/Technician; Medical
tion transactions, problems and remedial action taken, and
installation activities. Prepares evaluations of software and Office Computer Specialist/Assistant. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComputers and Electron-
hardware and submits recommendations to management
ics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, elec-
for review. Tests and monitors software, hardware, and
tronic equipment, and computer hardware and software,
peripheral equipment to evaluate use, effectiveness, and
including applications and programming. Education and
adequacy of product for user. Enters commands and ob-
Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur-
serves system functioning to verify correct operations and
detect errors. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un- riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-re-
effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
lated documents. Active Learning: Understanding the
implications of new information for both current and fu-
Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission, broad-
ture problem-solving and decision-making. Programming:
casting, switching, control, and operation of telecommu-
Writing computer programs for various purposes. Trouble-
shooting: Determining causes of operating errors and de- nications systems. English Language: Knowledge of the
ciding what to do about them. Writing: Communicating
effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the
and grammar. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge
audience. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering
of the practical application of engineering science and tech-
the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose
nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro-
the most appropriate one.
cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
___________________________________________________________ Computer Systems Analysts

Computer Systems Analysts

Growth: 59.7%
Self-Employed: 7.7%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
processing problems for application to electronic data Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat-
processing systems. Analyze user requirements, proce- ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
dures, and problems to automate or improve existing Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research;
systems and review computer system capabilities, Computer Programmers; Computer Security Specialists;
workflow, and scheduling limitations. May analyze or Computer Specialists, All Other; Computer Support Spe-
recommend commercially available software. May super- cialists; Database Administrators; Mathematical Science
vise computer programmers. Analyzes and tests computer Occupations, All Other; Mathematical Technicians; Math-
programs or system to identify errors and ensure conform- ematicians; Network and Computer Systems Administra-
ance to standard. Consults with staff and users to identify tors; Network Systems and Data Communications
operating procedure problems. Formulates and reviews Analysts; Operations Research Analysts; Statistical Assis-
plans outlining steps required to develop programs to meet tants; Statisticians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
staff and user requirements. Coordinates installation of tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working
computer programs and operating systems and tests, main- with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
tains, and monitors computer system. Writes documenta- These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig-
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tion to describe and develop installation and operating uring out problems mentally.
procedures of programs. Devises flow charts and diagrams
to illustrate steps and to describe logical operational steps EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Com-
puter and Information Sciences, General; Computer Sys-
of program. Reads manuals, periodicals, and technical re-
tems Analysis/Analyst; Information Technology; Web/
ports to learn how to develop programs to meet staff and
Multimedia Management and Webmaster. RELATED
user requirements. Reviews and analyzes computer print-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComputers and Electron-
outs and performance indications to locate code problems.
Assists staff and users in solving computer-related prob-
lems, such as malfunctions and program problems. Trains tronic equipment, and computer hardware and software,
including applications and programming. English Lan-
staff and users to use computer system and its programs.
Modifies program to correct errors by correcting computer
codes. Writes and revises program and system design pro-
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Education and
cedures, test procedures, and quality standards. SKILLS
Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating errors
and deciding what to do about them. Programming: riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
Writing computer programs for various purposes. Read-
effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
nicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
of the audience. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting
tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to vices. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting
evaluate quality or performance.
satisfaction.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

vocational training
Computer, Automated Teller, Annual Earnings: $32,890
Growth: 14.2%
and Office Machine Repairers Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 6.9%
Repair, maintain, or install computers, word processing Relay; Electrical Parts Reconditioners; Electrical Power-
systems, automated teller machines, and electronic of- Line Installers and Repairers; Electronic Equipment In-
fice machines, such as duplicating and fax machines. stallers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles; Electronic Home
SKILLSNo data available. Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers; Eleva-
tor Installers and Repairers; Frame Wirers, Central Of-
fice; Home Appliance Installers; Home Appliance
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.02. Electrical Repairers; Office Machine and Cash Register Servicers;
and Electronic Systems. Other Job Titles in This Work
Radio Mechanics; Signal and Track Switch Repairers; Sta-
Group: Avionics Technicians; Battery Repairers; Central
tion Installers and Repairers, Telephone; Telecommunica-
Office and PBX Installers and Repairers; Communication
tions Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line
Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers; Data
Installers; Telecommunications Facility Examiners; Tele-
Processing Equipment Repairers; Electric Home Appliance
communications Line Installers and Repairers; Transformer
and Power Tool Repairers; Electric Meter Installers and Repairers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Repairers; Electric Motor and Switch Assemblers and Re-
pairers; Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repair- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
ers; Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Machine Repair; Computer Installation and Repair Tech-
Transportation Equipment; Electrical and Electronics Re- nology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
pairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment; Electrical COURSESNo data available.
and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and

Computer-Controlled on-the-job training
Machine Tool Operators, Growth: 19.7%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Operate computer-controlled machines or robots to per- Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders,
form one or more machine functions on metal or plastic Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op-
workpieces. SKILLSNo data available. erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Cooling and Freez-
ing Equipment Operators and Tenders; Crushing,
Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cutting and Slic-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting and Slicing
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Design Print-
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders;
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Electrolytic
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi-
Plating and Coating Machine Operators and Tenders,
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip-
Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Ma-
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling chine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and
______________________________________________________________ Construction Carpenters
Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Machine Set- ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven,
Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Extruding and Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass Cutting
Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, Synthetic or Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders and Sort-
Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, ers, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polishing Work-
Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers; Ex- ers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Heaters,
truding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Metal and Plastic; HelpersProduction Workers; Job
Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers; Printers; Letterpress Setters and Set-Up Operators; oth-
Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Op- ers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Shop Technology/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESNo data available.
Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; Food Cook-

training
Construction Carpenters Growth: 8.2%
Part-Time: 8.1%
Construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixing tool. SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines or sys-
tures of wood, plywood, and wallboard, using carpenters tems, using the needed tools. Installation: Installing equip-
hand tools and power tools. Shapes or cuts materials to ment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet
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specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or specifications. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
power saw. Assembles and fastens materials, using hand problems. Management of Material Resources: Obtain-
tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue, to make ing and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facili-
framework or props. Installs structures and fixtures, such ties, and materials needed to do certain work. Reading
as windows, frames, floorings, and trim, or hardware, us- Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
ing carpenters hand and power tools. Builds or repairs paragraphs in work-related documents. Equipment Se-
cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, and other wooden fix- lection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
tures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, needed to do a job.
carpenters hand tools, and power tools. Removes dam-
aged or defective parts or sections of structure and repairs
or replaces, using hand tools. Verifies trueness of struc-
ture, using plumb bob and level. Prepares layout accord-
ing to blueprint or oral instructions, using rule, framing Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
square, and calipers. Estimates amount and kind of lum-
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
ber or other materials required and selects and orders them.
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Drywall and
Inspects ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass,
Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Electricians;
or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures.
Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and
Studies specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building
plans to determine materials required and dimensions of Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet,
Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla-
structure to be fabricated. Measures and marks cutting
lines on materials, using ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking
ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor,
gauge. Finishes surfaces of woodworking or wallboard in
Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu-
houses and buildings, using paint, hand tools, and panel-
factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operat-
ing. Fills cracks and other defects in plaster or plasterboard
and sands patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construc- quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
tion and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, work or working closely with others.
and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and try/Carpenter. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip-
of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as highways
and roads. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,
ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv- cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Principles of
Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. En-
gineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical
application of engineering science and technology. This
cupations frequently involve work activities that include
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like equipment to the design and production of various goods
and services. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-

on-the-job training
Construction Laborers Growth: 17.0%
Part-Time: 8.5%
Perform tasks involving physical labor at building, high- erect building structures. Smooth and finishes freshly poured
way, and heavy construction projects, tunnel and shaft cement or concrete, using float, trowel, screed, or powered
excavations, and demolition sites. May operate hand and cement-finishing tool. Applies caulking compounds by hand
power tools of all types: air hammers, earth tampers, ce- or with caulking gun to seal crevices. Positions, joins, aligns,
ment mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and mea- and seals structural components, such as concrete wall sec-
suring equipment, and a variety of other equipment and tions and pipes. Digs ditches and levels earth to grade speci-
instruments. May clean and prepare sites; dig trenches; fications, using pick and shovel. Signals equipment operators
set braces to support the sides of excavations; erect scaf- to facilitate alignment, movement, and adjustment of ma-
folding; clean up rubble and debris; and remove asbestos, chinery, equipment, and materials. Grinds, scrapes, sands,
lead, and other hazardous waste materials. May assist other or polishes surfaces, such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or
craft workers. Tends pumps, compressors, and generators wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines. Mixes con-
to provide power for tools, machinery, and equipment or crete, using portable mixer. Razes buildings and salvages
to heat and move materials such as asphalt. Lubricates, useful materials. Sprays materials such as water, sand, steam,
cleans, and repairs machinery, equipment, and tools. Mixes vinyl, paint, or stucco through hose to clean, coat, or seal
ingredients to create compounds used to cover or clean sur- surfaces. Tends machine that pumps concrete, grout, ce-
faces. Loads and unloads trucks and hauls and hoists mate- ment, sand, plaster, or stucco through spray gun for appli-
rials. Erects and disassembles scaffolding, shoring, braces, cation to ceilings and walls. Mops, brushes, or spreads paints,
and other temporary structures. Builds and positions forms cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to
for pouring concrete and dismantles forms after use, using clean or provide protection. Cleans construction site to
saws, hammers, nails, or bolts. Measures, marks, and records eliminate possible hazards. SKILLSEquipment Mainte-
openings and distances to lay out area to be graded or to nance: Performing routine maintenance on equipment and
______________________________________________________________ Construction Managers
determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. closely with others.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Con-
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.04. Hands- struction Trades, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
on Work in Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance. COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Carpenter As- materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
semblers and Repairers; Grips and Set-Up Workers, Mo- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
tion Picture Sets, Studios, and Stages; Helpers, such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
Construction Trades, All Other; HelpersBrickmasons, Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters; designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and
HelpersCarpenters; HelpersExtraction Workers; Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
HelpersPainters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
Masons; HelpersPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
Steamfitters; HelpersRoofers; Highway Maintenance the design and production of various goods and services.
Workers; Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Design:
frequently involve work activities that include practical, Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, prints, drawings, and models.
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working

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Construction Managers

Growth: 16.3%
Self-Employed: 1.0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, coordinate, or budget, usually through sub- materials to complete construction project. Inspects and
ordinate supervisory personnel, activities concerned with reviews construction work, repair projects, and reports to
the construction and maintenance of structures, facili- ensure that work conforms to specifications. Confers with
ties, and systems. Participate in the conceptual develop- supervisory personnel to discuss such matters as work pro-
ment of a construction project and oversee its cedures, complaints, and construction problems.
organization, scheduling, and implementation. Plans, SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in relation to
organizes, and directs activities concerned with construc- others actions. Management of Personnel Resources:
tion and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems. Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work,
Investigates reports of damage at construction sites to en- identifying the best people for the job. Time Manage-
sure that proper procedures are being carried out. Dis- ment: Managing ones own time and the time of others.
patches workers to construction sites to work on specified Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
project. Formulates reports concerning such areas as work Management of Financial Resources: Determining how
progress, costs, and scheduling. Studies job specifications money will be spent to get the work done and accounting
to plan and approve construction of project. Directs and for these expenditures. Judgment and Decision Making:
supervises workers on construction site to ensure that Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential
project meets specifications. Contracts workers to perform actions to choose the most appropriate one. Reading Com-
construction work in accordance with specifications. In- prehension: Understanding written sentences and para-
terprets and explains plans and contract terms to adminis- graphs in work-related documents.
trative staff, workers, and clients. Requisitions supplies and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- tion and Management: Knowledge of business and man-
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.01. Mana- agement principles involved in strategic planning, resource
gerial Work in Construction, Mining, and Drilling. Other allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
Job Titles in This Work Group: First-Line Supervisors nique, production methods, and coordination of people
and Manager/SupervisorsConstruction Trades Workers; and resources. Building and Construction: Knowledge
First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsExtrac- of materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
tive Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Con- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
struction Trades and Extraction Workers. such as highways and roads. Personnel and Human Re-
PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising sources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for per-
occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying sonnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and
out projects. These occupations can involve leading people benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel
and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk information systems. Public Safety and Security: Knowl-
taking and often deal with business. edge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strat-
egies to promote effective local, state, or national security
operations for the protection of people, data, property,
Administration and Management, General; Business/
and institutions. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
Commerce, General; Construction Engineering Technol- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
ogy/Technician; Operations Management and Supervision.
uses, repair, and maintenance.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministra-

Cooks, Institution training
and Cafeteria Growth: 7.6%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 38.5%
Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Coordina-
tions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias. Cooks food- tion: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Man-
stuffs according to menu, special dietary or nutritional agement of Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing,
restrictions, and number of persons to be served. Directs and directing people as they work, identifying the best
activities of one or more workers who assist in preparing people for the job. Mathematics: Using mathematics to
and serving meals. Washes pots, pans, dishes, utensils, and solve problems.
other cooking equipment. Compiles and maintains food
cost records and accounts. Apportions and serves food to GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
residents, employees, or patrons. Cleans and inspects gal- Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05.
ley equipment, kitchen appliances, and work areas for Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This
cleanliness and functional operation. Requisitions food Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend-
supplies, kitchen equipment and appliances, and other ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks;
supplies and receives deliveries. Plans menus, taking ad- Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ-
vantage of foods in season and local availability. Bakes ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks,
breads, rolls, and other pastries. Prepares and cooks veg- Restaurant; Cooks, Short Order; Counter Attendants,
etables, salads, dressings, and desserts. Cleans, cuts, and Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop; Dining
cooks meat, fish, and poultry. SKILLSActive Learn- Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers;
ing: Understanding the implications of new information Dishwashers; Food Preparation and Serving Related Work-
for both current and future problem-solving and decision- ers, All Other; Food Preparation Workers; Food Servers,
making. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge,
identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu- and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses. PERSONAL-
ITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
___________________________________________________________________ Cooks, Restaurant
involve work activities that include practical, hands-on source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani- technique, production methods, and coordination of
mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma- people and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely applications. Food Production: Knowledge of techniques
with others. and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
products (both plant and animal) for consumption, in-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cooking
cluding storage/handling techniques. Economics and Ac-
and Related Culinary Arts, General; Culinary Arts and
counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting
Related Services, Other; Food Preparation/Professional
principles and practices, the financial markets, banking,
Cooking/Kitchen Assistant; Foodservice Systems Admin- and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Person-
istration/Management; Institutional Food Workers. RE-
nel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCustomer and
procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training,
Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotia-
for providing customer and personal services. This includes
tion, and personnel information systems. Production and
customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production pro-
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Admin- cesses, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of
goods.

training
Cooks, Restaurant Growth: 21.7%
C
Self-Employed: 5.7%
Part-Time: 38.5%
Prepare, season, and cook soups, meats, vegetables, des- pastries. Regulates temperature of ovens, broilers, grills,
serts, or other foodstuffs in restaurants. May order sup- and roasters. SKILLSActive Learning: Understanding
plies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, the implications of new information for both current and
or plan menu. Weighs, measures, and mixes ingredients future problem-solving and decision-making. Speaking:
according to recipe or personal judgment, using various Talking to others to convey information effectively. Co-
kitchen utensils and equipment. Bakes, roasts, broils, and ordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions.
steams meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods. Observes Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or
and tests food to determine that it is cooked, by tasting, that of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
smelling, or piercing, and turns or stirs food if necessary. ments or take corrective action. Learning Strategies: Se-
Seasons and cooks food according to recipes or personal lecting and using training/instructional methods and
judgment and experience. Washes, peels, cuts, and seeds procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or
fruits and vegetables to prepare them for use. Plans items teaching new things.
on menu. Butchers and dresses animals, fowl, or shellfish
or cuts and bones meat prior to cooking. Estimates food
consumption and requisitions or purchases supplies or
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This
procures food from storage. Carves and trims meats, such
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend-
as beef, veal, ham, pork, and lamb, for hot or cold service
or for sandwiches. Portions, arranges, and garnishes food; ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks;
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ-
serves food to waiter or patron. Inspects food preparation
ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks,
and serving areas to ensure observance of safe, sanitary
Institution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Short Order; Counter
food-handling practices. Bakes bread, rolls, cakes, and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop; Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender calculus, and statistics and their applications. Public Safety
Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation and Serving Re- and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies,
lated Workers, All Other; Food Preparation Workers; Food procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state,
Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, or national security operations for the protection of people,
Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses. PER- data, property, and institutions. Education and Training:
SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations fre- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
quently involve work activities that include practical, training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Per-
plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, sonnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
closely with others. tiation, and personnel information systems. Production
and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production
processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
and Related Culinary Arts, General; Culinary Arts/Chef
Training. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCus- goods. Food Production: Knowledge of techniques and
equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food prod-
processes for providing customer and personal services. This
ucts (both plant and animal) for consumption, including
includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
storage/handling techniques.
dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Copy Writers Growth: 28.4%
Part-Time: 18.5%
Write advertising copy for use by publication or broad- solving and decision-making. Critical Thinking: Using
cast media to promote sale of goods and services. Writes logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weak-
advertising copy for use by publication or broadcast me- nesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches
dia and revises copy according to supervisors instructions. to problems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
Writes articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other what other people are saying, taking time to understand
related informative and promotional material. Prepares the points being made, asking questions as appropriate,
advertising copy, using computer. Consults with sales and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
media and marketing representatives to obtain informa-
tion on product or service and discuss style and length of GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.02. Writing and
advertising copy. Reviews advertising trends, consumer
Editing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Creative
surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and
Writers; Editors; Poets and Lyricists; Technical Writers;
services to formulate approach. Obtains additional back-
Writers and Authors. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic.
ground and current development information through
Artistic occupations frequently involve working with
research and interview. SKILLSWriting: Communicat-
ing effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-ex-
pression, and the work can be done without following a
the audience. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
clear set of rules.
ments. Active Learning: Understanding the implications EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Broadcast
of new information for both current and future problem- Journalism; Business/Corporate Communications; Com-
_______________________________________________________ Correctional Officers and Jailers
munication Studies/Speech Communication and Rheto- ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Com-
ric; Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
Other; Creative Writing; English Composition; Family and cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Communication; hardware and software, including applications and pro-
Journalism; Mass Communication/Media Studies; gramming. Communications and Media: Knowledge of
Playwriting and Screenwriting; Technical and Business media production, communication, and dissemination
Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This dia. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon- clerical procedures and systems, such as word processing,
stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. En- managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content designing forms, and other office procedures and termi-
of the English language, including the meaning and spell- nology.

on-the-job training
Correctional Officers Annual Earnings: $32,010
Growth: 32.4%
and Jailers Annual Job Openings: 30,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institution in paragraphs in work-related documents. Coordination:

accordance with established regulations and procedures. Adjusting actions in relation to others actions.
C
May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom,
prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and po-
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law
lice who spend the majority of their time guarding prison-
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
ers in correctional institutions. Monitors conduct of
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss-
prisoners according to established policies, regulations, and
ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves-
procedures to prevent escape or violence. Takes prisoner
into custody and escorts to locations within and outside tigators; Criminal Investigators and Special Agents;
Crossing Guards; Detectives and Criminal Investigators;
of facility, such as visiting room, courtroom, or airport.
Fire Investigators; Fish and Game Wardens; Forensic Sci-
Uses weapons, handcuffs, and physical force to maintain
ence Technicians; Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gam-
discipline and order among prisoners. Records informa-
ing Investigators; Highway Patrol Pilots; Immigration and
tion, such as prisoner identification, charges, and inci-
Customs Inspectors; Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other
dences of inmate disturbance. Guards facility entrance to
screen visitors. Searches prisoners, cells, and vehicles for Recreational Protective Service Workers; Parking Enforce-
ment Workers; Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers; Police
weapons, valuables, or drugs. Inspects locks, window bars,
Detectives; Police Identification and Records Officers;
grills, doors, and gates at correctional facility to prevent
Police Patrol Officers; Private Detectives and Investiga-
escape. Serves meals and distributes commissary items to
tors; Security Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Tran-
prisoners. SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware
sit and Railroad Police. PERSONALITY
of others reactions and understanding why they react as
they do. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talk-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Reading
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Correc- language, including the meaning and spelling of words,

tions; Corrections and Criminal Justice, Other; Juvenile rules of composition, and grammar. Law and Government:
Corrections. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip- dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote rules, and the democratic political process. Sociology and
effective local, state, or national security operations for Anthropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynam-
the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. ics, societal trends and influences, human migrations,
Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information ethnicity, and cultures and their history and origins. Psy-
and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human inju- chology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
ries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
and preventive health-care measures. English Language: and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec-
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English tive disorders.

Cost Estimators

Growth: 16.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 9.4%
Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, con- Solving: Identifying complex problems and reviewing re-
struction projects, or services to aid management in bid- lated information to develop and evaluate options and
ding on or determining price of product or service. May implement solutions.
specialize according to particular service performed or
type of product manufactured. Analyzes blueprints, speci-
fications, proposals, and other documentation to prepare
time, cost, and labor estimates. Prepares estimates for se-
lecting vendors or subcontractors and determining cost-
effectiveness. Prepares time, cost, and labor estimates for Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses-
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam-
products, projects, or services, applying specialized meth-
iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and
odologies, techniques, or processes. Computes cost fac-
Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job
tors used for preparing estimates for management and
Analysis Specialists; Credit Analysts; Employment Inter-
determining cost-effectiveness. Prepares estimates used for
viewers, Private or Public Employment Service; Employ-
management purposes, such as planning, organizing, and
scheduling work. Reviews data to determine material and ment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; Financial
Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and Labor Rela-
labor requirements and prepares itemized list. Conducts
tions Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Examin-
special studies to develop and establish standard hour and
ers, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage;
related cost data or to effect cost reduction. Consults with
Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan Officers;
clients, vendors, or other individuals to discuss and for-
Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Research
mulate estimates and resolve issues. SKILLSMathemat-
ics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Reading Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and
Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Whole-
sale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collec-
tors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Development
Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
of the audience. Active Learning: Understanding the im-
Products. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con-
plications of new information for both current and future
problem-solving and decision-making. Complex Problem ventional occupations frequently involve following set
_________________________________________________________________ Costume Attendants
procedures and routines. These occupations can include niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu- tribution of goods. Economics and Accounting: Knowl-
ally there is a clear line of authority to follow. edge of economic and accounting principles and practices,
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business porting of financial data. Building and Construction:
Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
Commerce, General; Construction Engineering; Con-
the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
struction Engineering Technology/Technician; Manufac-
structures, such as highways and roads. Administration
turing Engineering; Materials Engineering; Mechanical
and Management: Knowledge of business and manage-
Engineering. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
ment principles involved in strategic planning, resource
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom- allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
nique, production methods, and coordination of people
Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
and resources.
production processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-

on-the-job training
Costume Attendants Growth: 19.1%
Self-Employed: 8.0%
Part-Time: 40.1%
Select, fit, and take care of costumes for cast members ing: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of
C
and aid entertainers. Inventories stock to determine types other individuals or organizations to make improvements
and condition of costuming available and selects costumes or take corrective action. Active Listening: Giving full at-
based on historical analysis and studies. Examines costume tention to what other people are saying, taking time to
fit on cast member and sketches or writes notes for alter- understand the points being made, asking questions as
ations. Repairs, alters, cleans, presses, and refits costume appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
prior to performance and cleans and stores costume fol-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
lowing performance. Analyzes or reviews analysis of script
to determine locale of story, period, number of charac- tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.09. Modeling and
Personal Appearance. Other Job Titles in This Work
ters, and costumes required per character. Studies books,
Group: Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance;
pictures, and examples of period clothing to determine
Models. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic oc-
styles worn during specific period in history. Assists cast
cupations frequently involve working with forms, designs,
in donning costumes or assigns cast dresser to assist spe-
and patterns. They often require self-expression, and the
cific cast members with costume changes. Purchases or
rents costumes and other wardrobe accessories from ven- work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
dor. Arranges or directs cast dresser to arrange costumes EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
on clothing racks in sequence of appearance. Designs and available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDe-
constructs costume or sends it to tailor for construction sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
or major repairs and alterations. SKILLSReading Com- ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
prehension: Understanding written sentences and para- blueprints, drawings, and models. Fine Arts: Knowledge
graphs in work-related documents. Speaking: Talking to of the theory and techniques required to compose, pro-
others to convey information effectively. Writing: Com- duce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts,
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the drama, and sculpture. English Language: Knowledge of
needs of the audience. Active Learning: Understanding the structure and content of the English language, includ-
the implications of new information for both current and ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
future problem-solving and decision-making. Monitor- tion, and grammar. Customer and Personal Service:
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing cus- scribing the features of land, sea, and air masses, includ-
tomer and personal services. This includes customer needs ing their physical characteristics, locations, interrelation-
assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and ships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
evaluation of customer satisfaction. History and Archeol- Sociology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group be-
ogy: Knowledge of historical events and their causes, in- havior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, hu-
dicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures. man migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and their history
Geography: Knowledge of principles and methods for de- and origins.

Counseling Psychologists Growth: 18.1%
Part-Time: 23.4%
Assess and evaluate individuals problems through the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu-
use of case history, interview, and observation and pro- sions, or approaches to problems. Active Learning: Un-
vide individual or group counseling services to assist in- derstanding the implications of new information for both
dividuals in achieving more effective personal, social, current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
educational, and vocational development and adjust- Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/instruc-
ment. Counsels clients to assist them in understanding tional methods and procedures appropriate for the situa-
personal or interactive problems, defining goals, and de- tion when learning or teaching new things.
veloping realistic action plans. Collects information about
individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, ob- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
servational techniques, and other assessment methods. and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services.
Selects, administers, or interprets psychological tests to Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, and
assess intelligence, aptitude, ability, or interests. Evaluates School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists;
results of counseling methods to determine the reliability Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu-
and validity of treatments. Analyzes data such as inter- nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counselors,
view notes, test results, and reference manuals and texts to All Other; Directors, Religious Activities and Education;
identify symptoms and diagnose the nature of clients prob- Marriage and Family Therapists; Medical and Public Health
lems. Advises clients on the potential benefits of counsel- Social Workers; Mental Health and Substance Abuse So-
ing or makes referrals to specialists or other institutions cial Workers; Mental Health Counselors; Probation Offic-
for non-counseling problems. Develops therapeutic and ers and Correctional Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation
treatment plans based on individual interests, abilities, or Counselors; Religious Workers, All Other; Residential
needs of clients. Consults with other professionals to dis- Advisors; Social and Human Service Assistants; Social
cuss therapy or treatment and counseling resources or tech- Workers, All Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Dis-
niques and to share occupational information. Conducts order Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. So-
research to develop or improve diagnostic or therapeutic cial occupations frequently involve working with,
counseling techniques. SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: communicating with, and teaching people. These occupa-
Being aware of others reactions and understanding why tions often involve helping or providing service to others.
they react as they do. Active Listening: Giving full atten- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un- Child Psychology; Clinical Psychology; Counseling Psy-
derstand the points being made, asking questions as chology; Developmental and Child Psychology; Psycho-
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. analysis and Psychotherapy; Psychology, General; School
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Psychology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Criti- Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth-
cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and
____________________________________________________________ Counter and Rental Clerks
rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for Communications and Media: Knowledge of media pro-
career counseling and guidance. Psychology: Knowledge duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
of human behavior and performance; individual differ- and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and
ences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and mo- entertain via written, oral, and visual media. English Lan-
tivation; psychological research methods; and the guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective dis- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
orders. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, words, rules of composition, and grammar.

training
Counter and Rental Clerks Growth: 19.4%
Self-Employed: 1.2%
Part-Time: 50.8%
Receive orders for repairs, rentals, and services. May de- sentatives; Customer Service Representatives, Utilities;
scribe available options, compute cost, and accept pay- Gaming Cage Workers; Gaming Change Persons and
ment. Rents item or arranges for provision of service to Booth Cashiers; New Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; Re-
customer. Receives, examines, and tags articles to be al- ceptionists and Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks.
tered, cleaned, stored, or repaired. Collects deposit or pay- PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
ment or records credit charges. Recommends to customer occupations frequently involve following set procedures
items offered by rental facility that meet customer needs. and routines. These occupations can include working with
C
Inspects and adjusts rental items to meet needs of cus- data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
tomer. Greets customers of agency that rents items such clear line of authority to follow.
as apparel, tools, and conveyances or that provides ser-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Selling
vices such as rug cleaning. Reserves items for requested
Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
time and keeps record of items rented. Answers telephone
and receives orders by phone. Explains rental fees and pro-
vides information about rented items, such as operation of principles and processes for providing customer and
or description. Computes charges based on rental rate.
Prepares rental forms, obtaining customer signature and
customer satisfaction. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
other information, such as required licenses. SKILLS
Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
people. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Ac- and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
cedures and terminology. English Language: Knowledge
tive Listening: Giving full attention to what other people
position, and grammar. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge
ing at inappropriate times. Mathematics: Using mathemat-
of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and
ics to solve problems. Writing: Communicating effectively
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. selling products or services. This includes marketing strat-
egy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business and sales control systems. Mathematics: Knowledge of
Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and their applications.
Account Collectors; Cashiers; Customer Service Repre-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Counter Attendants, training
Cafeteria, Food Concession, Growth: 14.4%
and Coffee Shop Annual Job Openings: 216,000
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 62.9%
Serve food to diners at counter or from a steam table. ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks;
Serves food, beverages, or desserts to customers in variety Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ-
of settings, such as take-out counter of restaurant or lunch- ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks,
room. Serves salads, vegetables, meat, breads, and cock- Institution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short
tails; ladles soups and sauces; portions desserts; and fills Order; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bar-
beverage cups and glasses. Orders items to replace stocks. tender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation and Serv-
Scrubs and polishes counters, steam tables, and other ing Related Workers, All Other; Food Preparation Workers;
equipment; cleans glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment; Food Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Hostesses, Res-
and polishes metalwork on fountain. Adds relishes and taurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses.
garnishes according to instructions. Carves meat. Prepares PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
sandwiches, salads, and other short-order items. Accepts quently involve working with, communicating with, and
payment for food, using cash register or adding machine teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
to total check. Wraps menu items, such as sandwiches, or providing service to others.
hot entrees, and desserts. Brews coffee and tea and fills
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Food Ser-
containers with requested beverages. Prepares and serves
vice, Waiter/Waitress, and Dining Room Management/
soft drinks and ice cream dishes, such as sundaes, using
Manager. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCus-
memorized formulas and methods of following directions.
Replenishes foods at serving stations. Serves sandwiches, tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
salads, beverages, desserts, and candies to employees in
industrial establishment. Writes items ordered on tickets,
totals orders, passes orders to cook, and gives ticket stubs
to customers to identify filled orders. Calls order to kitchen
and picks up and serves order when it is ready. SKILLS
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
priate for the needs of the audience.
calculus, and statistics and their applications. Sales and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for show-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. ing, promoting, and selling products or services. This in-
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This cludes marketing strategy and tactics, product
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend- demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

training
Court Clerks Growth: 12.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Perform clerical duties in court of law; prepare docket of tact witnesses, attorneys, and litigants to obtain informa-
cases to be called; secure information for judges; and con- tion for court. Prepares docket or calendar of cases to be
____________________________________________________ Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
called, using typewriter or computer. Administers oath to Secretaries and Administrative Assistants; Interviewers,
witnesses. Collects court fees or fines and records amounts Except Eligibility and Loan; Legal Secretaries; License
collected. Records case disposition, court orders, and ar- Clerks; Loan Interviewers and Clerks; Medical Secretar-
rangement for payment of court fees. Records minutes of ies; Municipal Clerks; Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical,
court proceedings, using stenotype machine or shorthand, and Executive; Welfare Eligibility Workers and Interview-
and transcribes testimony, using typewriter or computer. ers. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conven-
Notifies district attorneys office of cases prosecuted by dis- tional occupations frequently involve following set
trict attorney. Explains procedures or forms to parties in procedures and routines. These occupations can include
case. Examines legal documents submitted to court for working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
adherence to law or court procedures. Instructs parties when ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
to appear in court. Prepares case folders and posts, files, or
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)General
routes documents. Secures information for judges and con-
Office Occupations and Clerical Services. RELATED
tacts witnesses, attorneys, and litigants to obtain informa-
tion for court. SKILLSReading Comprehension:
related documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention
to what other people are saying, taking time to understand nography and transcription, designing forms, and other
office procedures and terminology. Law and Government:
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Com-
dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the
rules, and the democratic political process. English Lan-
needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others to con-
vey information effectively. Time Management: Manag-
ing ones own time and the time of others. English language, including the meaning and spelling of
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Computers
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors,
C
Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem- software, including applications and programming. Math-
ployment Benefits; Court, Municipal, and License Clerks; ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs; Executive culus, and statistics and their applications.

training
Court, Municipal, Annual Earnings: $27,090
Growth: 12.0%
and License Clerks Annual Job Openings: 14,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Perform clerical duties in courts of law, municipalities, ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers,
and governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May Government Programs; Executive Secretaries and Admin-
prepare docket of cases to be called, secure information istrative Assistants; Interviewers, Except Eligibility and
for judges and court, prepare draft agendas or bylaws for Loan; Legal Secretaries; License Clerks; Loan Interview-
town or city council, answer official correspondence, keep ers and Clerks; Medical Secretaries; Municipal Clerks;
fiscal records and accounts, issue licenses or permits, Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive; Wel-
record data, administer tests, or collect fees. SKILLS fare Eligibility Workers and Interviewers. PERSONAL-
No data available. ITY TYPENo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)General
Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other Office Occupations and Clerical Services. RELATED
Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Creative Writers

Growth: 28.4%
Part-Time: 18.5%
Create original written works, such as plays or prose, for Writers; Editors; Poets and Lyricists; Technical Writers;
publication or performance. Writes fiction or nonfiction Writers and Authors. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic.
prose work, such as short story, novel, biography, article, Artistic occupations frequently involve working with
descriptive or critical analysis, or essay. Writes play or script forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-ex-
for moving pictures or television based on original ideas pression, and the work can be done without following a
or adapted from fictional, historical, or narrative sources. clear set of rules.
Organizes material for project, plans arrangement or out-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Broadcast
line, and writes synopsis. Collaborates with other writers
on specific projects. Confers with client, publisher, or pro-
munication Studies/Speech Communication and Rheto-
ducer to discuss development changes or revisions. Con-
ducts research to obtain factual information and authentic ric; Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs,
detail, utilizing sources such as newspaper accounts, dia-
ries, and interviews. Reviews, submits for approval, and
Journalism; Mass Communication/Media Studies;
revises written material to meet personal standards and
satisfy needs of client, publisher, director, or producer.
Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEn-
Selects subject or theme for writing project based on per-
sonal interest and writing specialty or assignment from glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
publisher, client, producer, or director. Develops factors
ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Com-
such as theme, plot, characterization, psychological analy-
munications and Media: Knowledge of media production,
sis, historical environment, action, and dialogue to create
communication, and dissemination techniques and meth-
material. Writes humorous material for publication or
ods. This includes alternative ways to inform and enter-
performance, such as comedy routines, gags, comedy
shows, or scripts for entertainers. SKILLSWriting: tain via written, oral, and visual media. Computers and
Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for
the needs of the audience. Reading Comprehension:
ware, including applications and programming. Fine Arts:
related documents. Coordination: Adjusting actions in
relation to others actions. Critical Thinking: Using logic
and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of arts, drama, and sculpture. Psychology: Knowledge of
human behavior and performance; individual differences
alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
lems. Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex
problems and reviewing related information to develop
and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Cleri-
and evaluate options and implement solutions.
cal Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical pro-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- cedures and systems, such as word processing, managing
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.02. Writing and files and records, stenography and transcription, design-
Editing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Copy ing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
_____________________________________________________________________ Credit Analysts

Credit Analysts Growth: 16.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Analyze current credit data and financial statements of sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam-
individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk in- iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and
volved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare re- Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job
ports with this credit information for use in Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Employment Inter-
decision-making. Analyzes credit data and financial state- viewers, Private or Public Employment Service; Employ-
ments to determine degree of risk involved in extending ment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; Financial
credit or lending money. Compares liquidity, profitability, Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and Labor Rela-
and credit history with similar establishments of same in- tions Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Examin-
dustry and geographic location. Consults with customers ers, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage;
to resolve complaints and verify financial and credit trans- Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan Officers;
actions and adjust accounts as needed. Reviews individual Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Research
or commercial customer files to identify and select delin- Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and
quent accounts for collection. Confers with credit associa- Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Whole-
tion and other business representatives to exchange credit sale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collec-
information. Completes loan application, including credit tors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Development
Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
C
analysis and summary of loan request, and submits to loan
committee for approval. Evaluates customer records and Products. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con-
recommends payment plan based on earnings, savings data, ventional occupations frequently involve following set
payment history, and purchase activity. Analyzes financial procedures and routines. These occupations can include
data, such as income growth, quality of management, and working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
market share, to determine profitability of loan. Generates ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
financial ratios, using computer program, to evaluate
customers financial status. SKILLSReading Compre- ing; Credit Management; Finance, General. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEconomics and Account-
in work-related documents. Critical Thinking: Using logic
ing: Knowledge of economic and accounting principles
and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the
analysis and reporting of financial data. Mathematics:
people are saying, taking time to understand the points statistics and their applications. English Language: Knowl-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Judgment and Decision
Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of
potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
tively. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. ing applications and programming. Law and Government:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: rules, and the democratic political process. Customer and
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- for providing customer and personal services. This includes
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Geogra- physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and
phy: Knowledge of principles and methods for describing distribution of plant, animal, and human life.

Criminal Investigators and Annual Earnings: $50,960
Growth: 16.4%
Special Agents Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Investigate alleged or suspected criminal violations of GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law
federal, state, or local laws to determine if evidence is Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law
sufficient to recommend prosecution. Obtains and veri- Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
fies evidence or establishes facts by interviewing, observ- Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss-
ing, and interrogating suspects and witnesses and analyzing ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves-
records. Analyzes charge, complaint, or allegation of law tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Crossing Guards;
violation to identify issues involved and types of evidence Detectives and Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators;
needed. Assists in determining scope, timing, and direc- Fish and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians;
tion of investigation. Examines records to detect links in Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators;
chain of evidence or information. Obtains and uses search Highway Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspec-
and arrest warrants. Develops and uses informants to get tors; Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Pro-
leads to information. Testifies before grand juries. Serves tective Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers;
subpoenas or other official papers. Photographs, finger- Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Po-
prints, and measures height and weight of arrested sus- lice Identification and Records Officers; Police Patrol Of-
pects, noting physical characteristics, and posts data on ficers; Private Detectives and Investigators; Security
record for filing. Reports critical information to and coor- Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and Rail-
dinates activities with other offices or agencies when ap- road Police. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. En-
plicable. Presents findings in reports. Maintains surveillance terprising occupations frequently involve starting up and
and performs undercover assignments. Compares crime carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
scene fingerprints with those of suspect or fingerprint files ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
to identify perpetrator, using computer. Searches for evi- require risk taking and often deal with business.
dence, dusts surfaces to reveal latent fingerprints, and col-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
lects and records evidence and documents, using cameras
Justice/Police Science; Criminalistics and Criminal Science.
and investigative equipment. SKILLSSpeaking: Talk-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Active Lis- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPublic Safety
and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies,
tening: Giving full attention to what other people are
procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state,
or national security operations for the protection of people,
data, property, and institutions. Law and Government:
inappropriate times. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware
they do. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
rules, and the democratic political process. Sociology and
Anthropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynam-
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Writing:
ics, societal trends and influences, human migrations,
ethnicity, and cultures and their history and origins. Tele-
the needs of the audience. Reading Comprehension:
communications: Knowledge of transmission, broad-
related documents. casting, switching, control, and operation of telecommu-
________________________________ Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary
nications systems. English Language: Knowledge of the and performance; individual differences in ability, person-
structure and content of the English language, including ality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological
the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, research methods; and the assessment and treatment of be-
and grammar. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior havioral and affective disorders.
Criminal Justice and Law

Enforcement Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in criminal justice, corrections, and law Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach-
enforcement administration. SKILLSNo data available. ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and cians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
C
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers,
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others. PERSONAL-
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Correc-
Curators; Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education tions; Corrections Administration; Corrections and Crimi-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Edu- nal Justice, Other; Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement
cational, Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary Administration; Criminal Justice/Police Science; Crimi-
School Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering nal Justice/Safety Studies; Criminalistics and Criminal
Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Science; Forensic Science and Technology; Juvenile Cor-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teach- rections; Security and Loss Prevention Services; Teacher
ers, Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advi- Education and Professional Development, Specific Sub-
sors; Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, ject Areas, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Science Teach- COURSESNo data available.
ers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Customer Service Annual Earnings: $25,430
Growth: 32.4%
Representatives Annual Job Openings: 359,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.6%
Interact with customers to provide information in response Workers; Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers;
to inquiries about products and services and to handle New Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; Receptionists and
and resolve complaints. SKILLSNo data available. Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks. PERSONAL-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cus-
Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and tomer Service Support/Call Center/Teleservice Operation;
Account Collectors; Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks; Receptionist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Customer Service Representatives, Utilities; Gaming Cage No data available.

on-the-job training
Customer Service Annual Earnings: $25,430
Growth: 32.4%
Representatives, Utilities Annual Job Openings: 359,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.8%
Interview applicants for water, gas, electric, or telephone GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
service. Talk with customer by phone or in person and Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job
receive orders for installation, turn-on, discontinuance, Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and
or change in services. Confers with customer by phone Account Collectors; Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks;
or in person to receive orders for installation, turn-on, dis- Customer Service Representatives; Gaming Cage Work-
continuance, or change in service. Completes contract ers; Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers; New
forms, prepares change of address records, and issues dis- Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; Receptionists and Infor-
continuance orders, using computer. Determines charges mation Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks. PERSONALITY
for service requested and collects deposits. Solicits sale of TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
new or additional utility services. Resolves billing or ser- quently involve following set procedures and routines.
vice complaints and refers grievances to designated de- These occupations can include working with data and
partments for investigation. SKILLSActive Listening: details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- of authority to follow.
ing time to understand the points being made, asking
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cus-
tomer Service Support/Call Center/Teleservice Operation;
priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
Receptionist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
mation effectively. Service Orientation: Actively looking
for ways to help people. Writing: Communicating effec-
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audi- and processes for providing customer and personal ser-
vices. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting
ence. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
satisfaction. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
____________________________________________________ Data Processing Equipment Repairers
meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and control systems. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
grammar. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
and methods for showing, promoting, and selling prod- cations. Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission,
ucts or services. This includes marketing strategy and tac- broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of tele-
tics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales communications systems.

vocational training
Data Processing Equipment Annual Earnings: $32,890
Growth: 14.2%
Repairers Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 6.9%
Repair, maintain, and install computer hardware such Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers; Com-
as peripheral equipment and word-processing systems. puter, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers;
Replaces defective components and wiring. Tests faulty Electric Home Appliance and Power Tool Repairers; Elec-
equipment and applies knowledge of functional operation tric Meter Installers and Repairers; Electric Motor and
of electronic units and systems to diagnose cause of mal- Switch Assemblers and Repairers; Electric Motor, Power
function. Aligns, adjusts, and calibrates equipment accord- Tool, and Related Repairers; Electrical and Electronics
ing to specifications. Calibrates testing instruments. Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment; Elec-
Adjusts mechanical parts, using hand tools and soldering trical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Indus-
iron. Converses with equipment operators to ascertain trial Equipment; Electrical and Electronics Repairers,
problems with equipment before breakdown or cause of Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay; Electrical Parts
breakdown. Tests electronic components and circuits to Reconditioners; Electrical Power-Line Installers and Re-
locate defects, using oscilloscopes, signal generators, am- pairers; Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers,
meters, and voltmeters. Maintains records of repairs, cali- Motor Vehicles; Electronic Home Entertainment Equip-
brations, and tests. Enters information into computer to ment Installers and Repairers; Elevator Installers and Re-
copy program from one electronic component to another pairers; Frame Wirers, Central Office; Home Appliance
or to draw, modify, or store schematics. SKILLSInstal- Installers; Home Appliance Repairers; Office Machine and
lation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or pro- Cash Register Servicers; Radio Mechanics; Signal and Track
grams to meet specifications. Repairing: Repairing Switch Repairers; Station Installers and Repairers, Tele-
machines or systems, using the needed tools. Trouble- phone; Telecommunications Equipment Installers and
D
shooting: Determining causes of operating errors and de- Repairers, Except Line Installers; Telecommunications
ciding what to do about them. Reading Comprehension: Facility Examiners; Telecommunications Line Installers
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- and Repairers; Transformer Repairers. PERSONALITY
related documents. Quality Control Analysis: Conduct- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
ing tests and inspections of products, services, or processes work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
to evaluate quality or performance. Science: Using scien- and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
tific rules and methods to solve problems. Equipment real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on equip- of the occupations require working outside and do not
ment and determining when and what kind of mainte- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
nance is needed.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, Machine Repair; Computer Installation and Repair Tech-
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.02. Electrical nology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
and Electronic Systems. Other Job Titles in This Work COURSESComputers and Electronics: Knowledge of
Group: Avionics Technicians; Battery Repairers; Central circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Office and PBX Installers and Repairers; Communication computer hardware and software, including applications
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and programming. Principles of Mechanical Devices: ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, culus, and statistics and their applications. Design: Knowl-
uses, repair, and maintenance. Telecommunications: edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, con- in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
trol, and operation of telecommunications systems. Math- drawings, and models.

Database Administrators

Growth: 65.9%
Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 5.7%
Coordinate changes to computer databases. Test and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
implement the database, applying knowledge of database Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat-
management systems. May plan, coordinate, and imple- ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
ment security measures to safeguard computer databases. Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research;
Writes logical and physical database descriptions, includ- Computer Programmers; Computer Security Specialists;
ing location, space, access method, and security. Trains users Computer Specialists, All Other; Computer Support Spe-
and answers questions. Specifies user and user access levels cialists; Computer Systems Analysts; Mathematical Sci-
for each segment of database. Revises company definition ence Occupations, All Other; Mathematical Technicians;
of data as defined in data dictionary. Confers with cowork- Mathematicians; Network and Computer Systems Admin-
ers to determine scope and limitations of project. Reviews istrators; Network Systems and Data Communications
procedures in database management system manuals for Analysts; Operations Research Analysts; Statistical Assis-
making changes to database. Reviews workflow charts de- tants; Statisticians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
veloped by programmer analyst to understand tasks com- tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working
puter will perform, such as updating records. Codes with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
database descriptions and specifies identifiers of database These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig-
to management system or directs others in coding descrip- uring out problems mentally.
tions. Tests, corrects errors, and modifies changes to pro-
grams or to database. Reviews project request describing
puter and Information Sciences, General; Computer and
database user needs, estimating time and cost required to
Information Systems Security; Computer Systems Analy-
accomplish project. Directs programmers and analysts to
sis/Analyst; Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database
make changes to database management system. Selects and
enters codes to monitor database performance and to cre- Administration; Management Information Systems, Gen-
eral. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComput-
ate production database. Develops data model describing
ers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,
data elements and how they are used, following procedures
processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
using pen, template, or computer software. Establishes and
calculates optimum values for database parameters, using
gramming. Administration and Management: Knowledge
manuals and calculator. SKILLSProgramming: Writing
computer programs for various purposes. Mathematics: of business and management principles involved in strate-
gic planning, resource allocation, human resources mod-
Using mathematics to solve problems. Operations Analy-
eling, leadership technique, production methods, and
sis: Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a
coordination of people and resources. Mathematics:
design. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Criti-
statistics and their applications. English Language: Knowl-
cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- edge of the structure and content of the English language,
___________________________________________________ Demonstrators and Product Promoters
position, and grammar. Education and Training: Knowl- ing design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
edge of principles and methods for curriculum and train- groups, and the measurement of training effects.

on-the-job training
Demonstrators Annual Earnings: $20,690
Growth: 24.9%
and Product Promoters Annual Job Openings: 34,000
Self-Employed: 4.0%
Part-Time: 40.2%
Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/instruc-
purpose of creating public interest in buying the prod- tional methods and procedures appropriate for the situa-
uct. May sell demonstrated merchandise. Demonstrates tion when learning or teaching new things. Active
and explains products, methods, or services to persuade Learning: Understanding the implications of new infor-
customers to purchase products or utilize services avail- mation for both current and future problem-solving and
able and answers questions. Visits homes, community or- decision-making. Writing: Communicating effectively in
ganizations, stores, and schools to demonstrate products writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
or services. Attends trade, traveling, promotional, educa-
tional, or amusement exhibit to answer visitors questions
Marketing. Work Group: 10.04. Personal Soliciting. Other
and to protect exhibit against theft or damage. Sets up
Job Titles in This Work Group: Door-To-Door Sales
and arranges display to attract attention of prospective
Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers;
customers. Suggests product improvements to employer
Telemarketers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
and product to purchase to customer. Gives product
samples or token gifts to customers and distributes hand- Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
bills, brochures, or gift certificates to passers-by. Answers
leading people and making many decisions. They some-
telephone and written requests from customers for infor-
mation about product use and writes articles and pam-
phlets on product. Lectures and shows slides to users of EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Retailing
company product. Advises customers on homemaking and Retail Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
problems related to products or services offered by com- COURSESSales and Marketing: Knowledge of prin-
pany. Wears costume or signboards and walks in public to ciples and methods for showing, promoting, and selling
attract attention to advertise merchandise, services, or be- products or services. This includes marketing strategy and
D
lief. Contacts businesses and civic establishments and ar- tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales
ranges to exhibit and sell merchandise made by control systems. Communications and Media: Knowledge
disadvantaged persons. Instructs customers in alteration of media production, communication, and dissemination
of products. Develops list of prospective clients from techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
sources such as newspaper items, company records, local to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
merchants, and customers. Solicits new organization mem- dia. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
bership. Trains demonstrators to present companys prod- content of the English language, including the meaning
ucts or services. Conducts guided tours of plant where and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
product is made. Prepares reports of services rendered and mar. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles
visits made. Drives truck and trailer to transport exhibit. and methods for curriculum and training design, teach-
Collects fees or accepts donations. SKILLSSpeaking: ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
Talking to others to convey information effectively. Per- measurement of training effects. Customer and Personal
suasion: Persuading others to change their minds or be- Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for pro-
havior. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others viding customer and personal services. This includes cus-
reactions and understanding why they react as they do. tomer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Dental Assistants Growth: 37.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 39.7%
Assist dentist, set up patient and equipment, and keep GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
records. Prepares patient, sterilizes and disinfects instru- Health Services. Work Group: 14.03. Dentistry. Other
ments, sets up instrument trays, prepares materials, and Job Titles in This Work Group: Dental Hygienists; Den-
assists dentist during dental procedures. Takes and records tists, All Other Specialists; Dentists, General; Oral and
medical and dental histories and vital signs of patients. Maxillofacial Surgeons; Orthodontists; Prosthodontists.
Assists dentist in management of medical and dental emer- PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
gencies. Provides postoperative instructions prescribed by quently involve working with, communicating with, and
dentist. Applies protective coating of fluoride to teeth. teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
Exposes dental diagnostic X rays. Records treatment in- or providing service to others.
formation in patient records. Makes preliminary impres-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Dental
sions for study casts and occlusal registrations for mounting
study casts. Fabricates temporary restorations and custom Assisting/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESMedicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
impressions from preliminary impressions. Cleans teeth,
information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
using dental instruments. Schedules appointments, pre-
pares bills and receives payment for dental services, com-
symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and in-
pletes insurance forms, and maintains records manually
teractions, and preventive health-care measures. Clerical
or using computer. Instructs patients in oral hygiene and
plaque control programs. Cleans and polishes removable Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical proce-
dures and systems, such as word processing, managing files
appliances. Pours, trims, and polishes study casts.
and records, stenography and transcription, designing
forms, and other office procedures and terminology. En-
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Cus-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking to
others to convey information effectively. Writing: Com-
needs of the audience. Service Orientation: Actively look-
ing for ways to help people. Mathematics: Using math-
ematics to solve problems. calculus, and statistics and their applications.
___________________________________________________________________ Dental Hygienists

Dental Hygienists

Growth: 37.1%
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Clean teeth and examine oral areas, head, and neck for GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
signs of oral disease. May educate patients on oral hy- Health Services. Work Group: 14.03. Dentistry. Other
giene, take and develop X rays, or apply fluoride or seal- Job Titles in This Work Group: Dental Assistants; Den-
ants. Cleans calcareous deposits, accretions, and stains from tists, All Other Specialists; Dentists, General; Oral and
teeth and beneath margins of gums, using dental instru- Maxillofacial Surgeons; Orthodontists; Prosthodontists.
ments. Conducts dental health clinics for community PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
groups to augment services of dentist. Charts conditions quently involve working with, communicating with, and
of decay and disease for diagnosis and treatment by den- teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
tist. Examines gums, using probes, to locate periodontal or providing service to others.
recessed gums and signs of gum disease. Administers local
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Dental
anesthetic agents. Exposes and develops X-ray film. Re-
moves sutures and dressings. Makes impressions for study Hygiene/Hygienist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
casts. Places, carves, and finishes amalgam restorations.
Feels and visually examines gums for sores and signs of
disease. Feels lymph nodes under patients chin to detect
swelling or tenderness that could indicate presence of oral
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Biol-
cancer. Places and removes rubber dams, matrices, and
temporary restorations. Removes excess cement from coro- ogy: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their
tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac-
nal surfaces of teeth. Provides clinical services and health
tions with each other and the environment. Education
education to improve and maintain oral health of school
and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for
children. Applies fluorides and other cavity-preventing
agents to arrest dental decay. SKILLSReading Com-
prehension: Understanding written sentences and para-
graphs in work-related documents. Active Learning: ing effects. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
D
grammar. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
tion effectively. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob- meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
customer satisfaction.
lems. Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to
help people. Science: Using scientific rules and methods
to solve problems.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

vocational training
Desktop Publishers Growth: 66.7%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 19.4%
Format typescript and graphic elements using computer Engravers; Etchers, Hand; Pantograph Engravers; Paste-
software to produce publication-ready material. Views Up Workers; Photoengravers; Precision Etchers and En-
monitors for visual representation of work in progress and gravers, Hand or Machine. PERSONALITY
for instructions and feedback throughout process. Activates TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
options such as masking, pixel (picture element) editing, work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
airbrushing, or image retouching. Saves completed work and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
on floppy disks or magnetic tape. Studies layout or other real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
instructions to determine work to be done and sequence of the occupations require working outside and do not
of operations. Creates special effects, such as vignettes, involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
mosaics, and image combining. Loads floppy disks or tapes
containing information into system. Enters digitized data EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Prepress/
Desktop Publishing and Digital Imaging Design. RE-
into electronic prepress system computer memory, using
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESComputers and
scanner, camera, keyboard, or mouse. Enters data, such as
coordinates of images and color specifications, into system
to retouch and make color corrections. Enters data such as
ware, including applications and programming. Clerical
background color, shapes, and coordinates of images; re-
trieves data from system memory. Activates options such Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical proce-
as masking or text processing. SKILLSEquipment Se-
lection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Com-
needed to do a job. Operation and Control: Controlling
munications and Media: Knowledge of media produc-
operations of equipment or systems. Reading Comprehen-
tion, communication, and dissemination techniques and
work-related documents. Operations Analysis: Analyzing methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and
entertain via written, oral, and visual media. English Lan-
needs and product requirements to create a design. Moni-
toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of
other individuals or organizations to make improvements
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Production
or take corrective action.
and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.07. Graphic Arts. maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Camera Opera- goods. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,
tors; Dot Etchers; Electronic Masking System Operators; and principles involved in production of precision techni-
Engravers, Hand; Engravers/Carvers; Etchers; Etchers and cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
______________________________________________________ Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

Detectives and Annual Earnings: $50,960
Growth: 16.4%
Criminal Investigators Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Conduct investigations related to suspected violations way Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors;
of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes. Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective
SKILLSNo data available. Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and
Sheriffs Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Police Identifi-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law cation and Records Officers; Police Patrol Officers; Private
Detectives and Investigators; Security Guards; Sheriffs and
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ani-
Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and Railroad Police. PERSON-
mal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Missing Per-
ALITY TYPENo data available.
sons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Investigators;
Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal Investigators and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
Special Agents; Crossing Guards; Fire Investigators; Fish Justice/Police Science; Criminalistics and Criminal Science.
and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data avail-
ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; High- able.

Diagnostic Medical
Growth: 26.1%
Sonographers

Self-Employed: 4.0%
Part-Time: 22.3%
Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use Technologists; Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radiologic
by physicians. SKILLSNo data available. Technicians; Radiologic Technologists; Radiologic Tech-
nologists and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPENo
D
data available.
Health Services. Work Group: 14.05. Medical Technol-
ogy. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cardiovascu- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Allied
lar Technologists and Technicians; Health Technologists Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Profes-
and Technicians, All Other; Medical and Clinical Labora- sions, Other; Diagnostic Medical Sonography/
tory Technicians; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Tech- Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician. RELATED
nologists; Medical Equipment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Dietetic Technicians Growth: 27.6%
Self-Employed: 4.0%
Part-Time: 22.3%
Assist dietitians in the provision of food service and nu- and Promotion. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
tritional programs. Under the supervision of dietitians, Athletic Trainers; Dietitians and Nutritionists; Health
may plan and produce meals based on established guide- Educators. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occu-
lines, teach principles of food and nutrition, or counsel pations frequently involve working with, communicating
individuals. Guides individuals and families in food se- with, and teaching people. These occupations often in-
lection, preparation, and menu planning based upon nu- volve helping or providing service to others.
tritional needs. Standardizes recipes and tests new products
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Dietetic
for use in facility. Assists in referrals for continuity of pa-
Technician (DTR); Dietetics/Dietitian (RD); Dietitian
tient care. Develops job specifications, job descriptions,
Assistant; Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, Gen-
and work schedules. Assists in implementing established
cost control procedures. Supervises food production and eral; Nutrition Sciences. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
service. Selects, schedules, and conducts orientation and
in-service education programs. Obtains and evaluates di-
etary histories of individuals to plan nutritional programs.
Plans menus based on established guidelines. SKILLS
customer satisfaction. Education and Training: Knowledge
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. of principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
and the measurement of training effects. Biology: Knowl-
edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
others to convey information effectively. Learning Strate-
gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods
other and the environment. English Language: Knowledge
and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn-
ing or teaching new things. Active Listening: Giving full of the structure and content of the English language, in-
position, and grammar. Administration and Management:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Health Services. Work Group: 14.08. Health Protection methods, and coordination of people and resources.
____________________________________________________________ Dietitians and Nutritionists

Dietitians and Nutritionists Growth: 15.2%
Part-Time: 29.1%
Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs proaches to problems. Active Learning: Understanding
to assist in the promotion of health and control of dis- the implications of new information for both current and
ease. May supervise activities of a department providing future problem-solving and decision-making.
quantity food services, counsel individuals, or conduct GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
nutritional research. Develops and implements dietary-
Health Services. Work Group: 14.08. Health Protection
care plans based on assessments of nutritional needs, diet
and Promotion. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
restrictions, and other current health plans. Instructs pa-
Athletic Trainers; Dietetic Technicians; Health Educators.
tients and their families in nutritional principles, dietary
PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative oc-
plans, and food selection and preparation. Confers with
cupations frequently involve working with ideas and re-
design, building, and equipment personnel to plan for quire an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations
construction and remodeling of food service units. Plans
can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems
and prepares grant proposals to request program funding.
mentally.
Writes research reports and other publications to docu-
ment and communicate research findings. Develops cur- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
riculum and prepares manuals, visual aids, course outlines, Nutrition/Nutritionist; Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
and other materials used in teaching. Inspects meals served Services, Other; Dietetics/Dietitian (RD); Foods, Nutri-
for conformance to prescribed diets and standards of pal- tion, and Related Services, Other; Foods, Nutrition, and
atability and appearance. Plans, conducts, and evaluates Wellness Studies, General; Foodservice Systems Adminis-
dietary, nutritional, and epidemiological research and ana- tration/Management; Human Nutrition; Nutrition Sci-
lyzes findings for practical applications. Evaluates nutri- ences. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEnglish
tional care plans and provides follow-up on continuity of Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
care. Supervises activities of workers engaged in planning, English language, including the meaning and spelling of
preparing, and serving meals. Plans, organizes, and con- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Education and
ducts training programs in dietetics, nutrition, and insti- Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur-
tutional management and administration for medical riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
D
students and hospital personnel. Monitors food service individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
operations and ensures conformance to nutritional and effects. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organ-
quality standards. Consults with physicians and health care isms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies,
personnel to determine nutritional needs and diet restric- and interactions with each other and the environment.
tions of patient or client. SKILLSWriting: Communi- Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
of the audience. Reading Comprehension: Understand- ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu- leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
ments. Management of Financial Resources: Determining nation of people and resources. Food Production: Knowl-
how money will be spent to get the work done and ac- edge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing,
counting for these expenditures. Critical Thinking: Us- and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for
ing logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Directors, Religious Activities
Growth: 15.9%
and Education

Self-Employed: 1.2%
Part-Time: 14.0%
Direct and coordinate activities of a denominational GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
group to meet religious needs of students. Plan, direct, and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services.
or coordinate church school programs designed to pro- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family,
mote religious education among church membership. and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists;
May provide counseling and guidance relative to mari- Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu-
tal, health, financial, and religious problems. Coordinates nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling
activities with religious advisers, councils, and university Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Marriage and Fam-
officials to meet religious needs of students. Assists and ily Therapists; Medical and Public Health Social Workers;
advises groups in promoting interfaith understanding. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Men-
Solicits support, participation, and interest in religious tal Health Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional
education programs from congregation members, organi- Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious
zations, officials, and clergy. Orders and distributes school Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social and Hu-
supplies. Analyzes revenue and program cost data to de- man Service Assistants; Social Workers, All Other; Sub-
termine budget priorities. Interprets religious education stance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors.
to public through speaking, leading discussions, and writ- PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
ing articles for local and national publications. Interprets quently involve working with, communicating with, and
policies of university to community religious workers. teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
Analyzes member participation and changes in congrega- or providing service to others.
tion emphasis to determine needs for religious education.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Bible/
Plans and conducts conferences dealing with interpreta-
Biblical Studies; Missions/Missionary Studies and
tion of religious ideas and convictions. Promotes student
Missiology; Religious Education; Youth Ministry. RE-
participation in extracurricular congregational activities.
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministration
Counsels individuals regarding marital, health, financial, and Management: Knowledge of business and manage-
and religious problems. Plans congregational activities and
projects to encourage participation in religious education
allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
programs. Supervises instructional staff in religious edu-
cation program. Develops, organizes, and directs study
and resources. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
courses and religious education programs within congre-
principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
gation. SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware of ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
others reactions and understanding why they react as they
tions and for career counseling and guidance. Psychology:
do. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ-
for the needs of the audience. Active Listening: Giving
the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
full attention to what other people are saying, taking time disorders. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
the measurement of training effects. Sociology and An-
people. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa-
thropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics,
tion effectively.
societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity,
______________________________________ DirectorsStage, Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio
and cultures and their history and origins. Philosophy and impact on human culture. English Language: Knowledge
Theology: Knowledge of different philosophical systems of the structure and content of the English language, in-
and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
ethics, ways of thinking, customs, and practices and their position, and grammar.

DirectorsStage, plus degree
Motion Pictures, Television, Growth: 27.1%
and Radio Self-Employed: 23.7%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Interpret script, conduct rehearsals, and direct activities GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
of cast and technical crew for stage, motion pictures, tele- tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing
vision, or radio programs. Reads and rehearses cast to Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho-
develop performance based on script interpretations. Di- reographers; Composers; Dancers; Music Arrangers and
rects cast, crew, and technicians during production or re- Orchestrators; Music Directors; Music Directors and Com-
cording and filming in studio or on location. Directs live posers; Musicians and Singers; Musicians, Instrumental;
broadcasts, films and recordings, or non-broadcast pro- Public Address System and Other Announcers; Radio and
gramming for public entertainment or education. Estab- Television Announcers; Singers; Talent Directors. PER-
lishes pace of program and sequences of scenes according SONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations fre-
to time requirements and cast and set accessibility. Ap- quently involve working with forms, designs, and patterns.
proves equipment and elements required for production, They often require self-expression, and the work can be
such as scenery, lights, props, costumes, choreography, and done without following a clear set of rules.
music. Auditions and selects cast and technical staff. Cuts
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cinema-
and edits film or tape to integrate component parts of
tography and Film/Video Production; Directing and The-
film into desired sequence. Reviews educational material
atrical Production; Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts,
to gather information for scripts. Writes and compiles let-
ters, memos, notes, scripts, and other program material, General; Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft, Other;
Film/Cinema Studies; Radio and Television; Theatre/The-
using computer. Compiles cue words and phrases and cues
atre Arts Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
announcers, cast members, and technicians during per-
formances. Interprets stage-set diagrams to determine stage
techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
D
layout and supervises placement of equipment and scen-
ery. Coaches performers in acting techniques to develop
and improve performance and image. Confers with tech- Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
nical directors, managers, and writers to discuss details of
ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
production, such as photography, script, music, sets, and
leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
costumes. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in
nation of people and resources. Communications and
relation to others actions. Reading Comprehension: Un-
Media: Knowledge of media production, communication,
lated documents. Instructing: Teaching others how to do and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes
alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral,
something. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
and visual media. English Language: Knowledge of the
mation effectively. Management of Personnel Resources:
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work,
identifying the best people for the job. Critical Thinking:
and grammar. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and
weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or ap- of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment,
and computer hardware and software, including applica-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
tions and programming. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such procedures and terminology.
as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-

on-the-job training
Dispatchers, Except Police, Annual Earnings: $30,070
Growth: 22.2%
Fire, and Ambulance Annual Job Openings: 8,000
Self-Employed: 2.1%
Part-Time: 8.6%
Schedule and dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business De-
or service vehicles for conveyance of materials, freight, tail. Work Group: 09.06. Communications. Other Job
or passengers or for normal installation, service, or emer- Titles in This Work Group: Central Office Operators;
gency repairs rendered outside the place of business. Communications Equipment Operators, All Other; Direc-
Duties may include using radio, telephone, or computer tory Assistance Operators; Police, Fire, and Ambulance
to transmit assignments and compiling statistics and re- Dispatchers; Switchboard Operators, Including Answering
ports on work progress. Routes or assigns workers or Service; Telephone Operators. PERSONALITY TYPE
equipment to appropriate location, according to customer Conventional. Conventional occupations frequently involve
request, specifications, or needs. Confers with customer following set procedures and routines. These occupations
or supervising personnel regarding questions, problems, can include working with data and details more than with
and requests for service or equipment. Orders supplies and ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
equipment; issues to personnel. Records and maintains
files and records regarding customer requests, work or ser- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
vices performed, charges, expenses, inventory, and other
Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission, broad-
dispatch information. Determines types or amount of
casting, switching, control, and operation of
equipment, vehicles, materials, or personnel required, ac-
telecommunications systems. Transportation: Knowledge
cording to work order or specifications. Receives or pre-
of principles and methods for moving people or goods by
pares work orders according to customer request or
specifications. Relays work orders, messages, and infor- air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and ben-
efits. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of prin-
mation to or from work crews, supervisors, and field in-
ciples and processes for providing customer and personal
spectors, using telephone or two-way radio.
services. This includes customer needs assessment, meet-
ing quality standards for services, and evaluation of cus-
tomer satisfaction. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Time Manage- administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and
procedures and terminology. English Language: Knowl-
equipment needed to do a job. Coordination: Adjusting
actions in relation to others actions. Speaking: Talking to
others to convey information effectively.
___________________________________________________________________ Drywall Installers

on-the-job training
Drywall and Ceiling Annual Earnings: $33,000
Growth: 9.4%
Tile Installers Annual Job Openings: 19,000
Part-Time: 8.4%
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings or in- moval Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and
terior walls of buildings. Apply or mount acoustical tiles Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manufactured
or blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing materials Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engi-
to ceilings and walls of buildings to reduce or reflect neers; Operating Engineers and Other Construction
sound. Materials may be of decorative quality. Includes Equipment Operators; Painters, Construction and Main-
lathers who fasten wooden, metal, or rockboard lath to tenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping
walls, ceilings, or partitions of buildings to provide sup- Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters;
port base for plaster, fire-proofing, or acoustical mate- Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Ma-
rial. SKILLSNo data available. sons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters;
Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Opera-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- tors; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons;
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers;
Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems In-
stallers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Car-
penters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers;
Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers;
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters.
Carpenters; Drywall Installers; Electricians; Explosives
PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence
Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Drywall
Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bull- Installation/Drywaller. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
dozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazardous Materials Re- COURSESNo data available.

on-the-job training
D
Drywall Installers Growth: 9.4%
Part-Time: 8.4%
Apply plasterboard or other wallboard to ceilings and drywall, or paneling, using crowbar and hammer. As-
interior walls of buildings. Trims rough edges from wall- sembles and installs metal framing and decorative trim
board to maintain even joints, using knife. Fits and fas- for windows, doorways, and bents. Reads blueprints and
tens wallboard or sheetrock into specified position, using other specifications to determine method of installation,
hand tools, portable power tools, or adhesive. Measures work procedures, and material and tool requirements. Lays
and marks cutting lines on framing, drywall, and trim, out reference lines and points, computes position of fram-
using tape measure, straightedge, or square and marking ing and furring channels, and marks position, using
devices. Installs blanket insulation between studs and tacks chalkline. Suspends angle iron grid and channel iron from
plastic moisture barrier over insulation. Removes plaster, ceiling, using wire. Installs horizontal and vertical metal
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
or wooden studs for attachment of wallboard on interior ers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Lay-
walls, using hand tools. Cuts metal or wood framing, angle ing and Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory
and channel iron, and trim to size, using cutting tools. Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron
Cuts openings into board for electrical outlets, windows, and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters;
vents, or fixtures, using keyhole saw or other cutting tools. Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pav-
SKILLSInstallation: Installing equipment, machines, ers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners;
wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Equipment Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron
Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finish-
needed to do a job. Mathematics: Using mathematics to ers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPE
solve problems. Judgment and Decision Making: Con- Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work
sidering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions activities that include practical, hands-on problems and
to choose the most appropriate one. solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
the occupations require working outside and do not in-
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Construc-
tion. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat Builders
and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Builders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Drywall
Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet Install- Installation/Drywaller. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction Carpenters; materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Electricians; Explosives tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence such as highways and roads. Design: Knowledge of de-
Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard sign techniques, tools, and principles involved in produc-
Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bull- tion of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
dozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazardous Materials Re- models. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of
moval Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair,
Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manufactured and maintenance. Engineering and Technology: Knowl-
Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engineers; edge of the practical application of engineering science
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment and technology. This includes applying principles, tech-
Operators; Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Pa- niques, procedures, and equipment to the design and pro-
perhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment duction of various goods and services. Mathematics:
Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumb- statistics and their applications.

Economics Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in economics. Prepares and delivers lec- and industry. Acts as adviser to student organizations.
tures to students. Compiles bibliographies of specialized Conducts research in particular field of knowledge and
materials for outside reading assignments. Directs research publishes findings in professional journals. Advises stu-
of other teachers or graduate students working for ad- dents on academic and vocational curricula. Stimulates
vanced academic degrees. Serves on faculty committee class discussions. Compiles, administers, and grades ex-
providing professional consulting services to government aminations or assigns this work to others. SKILLSRead-
_____________________________________________________ Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
paragraphs in work-related documents. Instructing: Teach- Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
ing others how to do something. Active Learning: Un- ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
derstanding the implications of new information for both Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical;
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Techni-
Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec- cians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
tively. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/ Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the Education; Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nurs-
situation when learning or teaching new things. Active ing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Fi-
Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are nancial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion Teachers,
saying, taking time to understand the points being made, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers,
inappropriate times. Writing: Communicating effectively All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education;
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. others. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupa-
tions frequently involve working with, communicating
with, and teaching people. These occupations often in-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- volve helping or providing service to others.
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Applied
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Economics; Business/Managerial Economics; Develop-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; ment Economics and International Development; Econo-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, metrics and Quantitative Economics; Economics, General;
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Economics, Other; International Economics; Social Sci-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, ence Teacher Education. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; and the measurement of training effects. Sociology and
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Anthropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynam-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; ics, societal trends and influences, human migrations,
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, ethnicity, and cultures and their history and origins. Psy-
Postsecondary; Curators; Education Teachers, chology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach- and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec-
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach- tive disorders. History and Archeology: Knowledge of
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; on civilizations and cultures. English Language: Knowl-
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; edge of the structure and content of the English language,
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; position, and grammar.
Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach-
E
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Economists Growth: 18.5%
Part-Time: 8.8%
Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to pologists; Anthropologists and Archeologists; Archeolo-
aid in solution of economic problems arising from pro- gists; City Planning Aides; Historians; Industrial-Organi-
duction and distribution of goods and services. May col- zational Psychologists; Political Scientists; Psychologists,
lect and process economic and statistical data using All Other; Social Science Research Assistants; Social Sci-
econometric and sampling techniques. Studies economic entists and Related Workers, All Other; Sociologists; Sur-
and statistical data in area of specialization, such as finance, vey Researchers; Urban and Regional Planners.
labor, or agriculture. Supervises research projects and stu- PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative oc-
dents study projects. Assigns work to staff. Teaches theo- cupations frequently involve working with ideas and re-
ries, principles, and methods of economics. Testifies at quire an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations
regulatory or legislative hearings to present recommenda- can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems
tions. Provides advice and consultation to business and mentally.
public and private agencies. Develops economic guide-
lines and standards and preparing points of view used in
tural Economics; Applied Economics; Business/Manage-
forecasting trends and formulating economic policy. Re-
rial Economics; Development Economics and
views and analyzes data to prepare reports, to forecast fu-
International Development; Econometrics and Quantita-
ture marketing trends, and to stay abreast of economic
changes. Compiles data relating to research area, such as tive Economics; Economics, General; Economics, Other;
International Economics. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
employment, productivity, and wages and hours. Formu-
lates recommendations, policies, or plans to interpret mar-
kets or solve economic problems. Devises methods and
tions. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of
procedures for collecting and processing data, using vari-
economic and accounting principles and practices, the fi-
ous econometric and sampling techniques. Organizes re-
search data into report format, including graphic nancial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting
of financial data. English Language: Knowledge of the
illustrations of research findings. SKILLSSystems Evalu-
ation: Identifying measures or indicators of system per-
formance and the actions needed to improve or correct
and grammar. Education and Training: Knowledge of
performance relative to the goals of the system. Systems
Analysis: Determining how a system should work and how
changes in conditions, operations, and the environment sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
and the measurement of training effects. Computers and
will affect outcomes. Judgment and Decision Making:
actions to choose the most appropriate one. Writing: Com-
ware, including applications and programming. Admin-
needs of the audience. Complex Problem Solving: Iden-
tifying complex problems and reviewing related informa- management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
tion to develop and evaluate options and implement
solutions.
people and resources. Production and Processing: Knowl-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, edge of raw materials, production processes, quality con-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci- trol, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthro- effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
___________________________________________________________________________ Editors

Editors

Growth: 22.6%
Part-Time: 18.5%
Perform variety of editorial duties, such as laying out, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
indexing, and revising content of written materials, in tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.02. Writing and
preparation for final publication. Plans and prepares page Editing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Copy
layouts to position and space articles and photographs or Writers; Creative Writers; Poets and Lyricists; Technical
illustrations. Determines placement of stories based on Writers; Writers and Authors. PERSONALITY TYPE
relative significance, available space, and knowledge of lay- Artistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve working
out principles. Confers with management and editorial with forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-
staff members regarding placement of developing news expression, and the work can be done without following a
stories. Writes and rewrites headlines, captions, columns, clear set of rules.
articles, and stories to conform to publications style, edi-
torial policy, and publishing requirements. Reads and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Broadcast
evaluates manuscripts or other materials submitted for
munication, Journalism, and Related Programs, Other;
publication and confers with authors regarding changes
Creative Writing; Journalism; Mass Communication/Me-
or publication. Reads copy or proof to detect and correct
dia Studies; Publishing; Technical and Business Writing.
errors in spelling, punctuation, and syntax and indicates
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEnglish Lan-
corrections, using standard proofreading and typesetting
symbols. Reviews and approves proofs submitted by com- guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
posing room. Selects local, state, national, and interna-
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Communica-
tional news items received by wire from press associations.
tions and Media: Knowledge of media production, com-
Compiles index cross-references and related items, such
as glossaries, bibliographies, and footnotes. Verifies facts,
This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via
dates, and statistics, using standard reference sources. Ar-
ranges topical or alphabetical list of index items according written, oral, and visual media. Administration and Man-
agement: Knowledge of business and management prin-
to page or chapter, indicating location of item in text. Reads
ciples involved in strategic planning, resource allocation,
material to determine items to be included in index of
human resources modeling, leadership technique, produc-
book or other publication. Selects and crops photographs
tion methods, and coordination of people and resources.
and illustrative materials to conform to space and subject
matter requirements. SKILLSWriting: Communicat-
ing effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
the audience. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
gramming. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative
and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro-
cessing, managing files and records, stenography and tran-
scription, designing forms, and other office procedures and
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Coordina-
tion: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Active terminology.
E
Learning: Understanding the implications of new infor-

mation for both current and future problem-solving and
decision-making.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Education Administrators, plus degree
Elementary and Growth: 13.4%
Secondary School Self-Employed: 13.8%
Part-Time: 9.8%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, clerical, or aux- identify educational needs and establish and coordinate
iliary activities of public or private elementary or sec- programs. Reviews and approves new programs or recom-
ondary-level schools. Establishes program philosophy mends modifications to existing programs. Plans, directs,
plans, policies, and academic codes of ethics to maintain and monitors instructional methods and content for edu-
educational standards for student screening, placement, cational, vocational, or student activity programs.
and training. Teaches classes or courses to students. Com- SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in relation to
pletes, maintains, or assigns preparation of attendance, others actions. Writing: Communicating effectively in
activity, planning, or personnel reports and records for writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Read-
officials and agencies. Reviews and interprets government ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
codes and develops programs to ensure facility safety, se- paragraphs in work-related documents. Learning Strate-
curity, and maintenance. Counsels and provides guidance gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods
to students regarding personal, academic, or behavioral and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn-
problems. Confers with parents and staff to discuss edu- ing or teaching new things. Management of Personnel
cational activities, policies, and student behavioral or learn- Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing people
ing problems. Writes articles, manuals, and other as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
publications and assists in the distribution of promotional
literature. Contacts and addresses commercial, commu-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.01. Managerial Work
nity, or political groups to promote educational programs
in Education and Social Service. Other Job Titles in This
and services or lobby for legislative changes. Recruits, hires,
Work Group: Education Administrators, All Other; Edu-
trains, and evaluates primary and supplemental staff and
cation Administrators, Postsecondary; Education Admin-
recommends personnel actions for programs and services.
Plans and coordinates consumer research and educational istrators, Preschool and Child Care Center/Program;
Instructional Coordinators; Park Naturalists; Social and
services to assist organizations in product development and
Community Service Managers. PERSONALITY
marketing. Organizes and directs committees of special-
TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
ists, volunteers, and staff to provide technical and advi-
working with, communicating with, and teaching people.
sory assistance for programs. Determines allocations of
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment and
authorizes purchases. Directs and coordinates activities of vice to others.
teachers or administrators at daycare centers, schools, pub- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Educa-
lic agencies, and institutions. Evaluates programs to de- tional Administration and Supervision, Other; Educational
termine effectiveness, efficiency, and utilization and to Leadership and Administration, General; Educational, In-
ensure activities comply with federal, state, and local regu- structional, and Curriculum Supervision; Elementary and
lations. Prepares and submits budget requests or grant pro- Middle School Administration/Principalship; Secondary
posals to solicit program funding. Determines scope of School Administration/Principalship. RELATED
educational program offerings and prepares drafts of course KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training:
schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facil- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
ity requirements. Collects and analyzes survey data, regu- training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
latory information, and demographic and employment groups, and the measurement of training effects. Adminis-
trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curriculum tration and Management: Knowledge of business and man-
changes. Coordinates outreach activities with businesses, agement principles involved in strategic planning, resource
communities, and other institutions or organizations to allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique,
_________________________________________________ Education Administrators, Postsecondary
production methods, and coordination of people and re- ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
sources. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and tiation, and personnel information systems. Sales and Mar-
content of the English language, including the meaning keting: Knowledge of principles and methods for showing,
and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. promoting, and selling products or services. This includes
Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales
and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train- techniques, and sales control systems.

plus degree
Education Administrators, Annual Earnings: $61,700
Growth: 13.4%
Postsecondary Annual Job Openings: 35,000
Part-Time: 9.8%
Plan, direct, or coordinate research, instructional, stu- operations, student programs, and statistical and research
dent administration and services, and other educational data to implement procedures or modifications to admin-
activities at postsecondary institutions, including uni- istrative policies. Advises staff and students on problems
versities, colleges, and junior and community colleges. relating to policies, program administration, and finan-
Establishes operational policies and procedures and de- cial and personal matters and recommends solutions. Es-
velops academic objectives. Selects and counsels candidates timates and allocates department funding based on
for financial aid and coordinates issuing and collecting financial success of previous courses and other pertinent
student aid payments. Advises student organizations, spon- factors. Consults with staff, students, alumni, and subject
sors faculty activities, and arranges for caterers, entertain- experts to determine needs/feasibility and to formulate
ers, and decorators at scheduled events. Audits financial admission policies and educational programs. Completes
status of student organization and facility accounts and and submits operating budget for approval, controls ex-
certifies income reports from event ticket sales. Assists fac- penditures, and maintains financial reports and records.
ulty and staff to conduct orientation programs, teach Meets with academic and administrative personnel to dis-
classes, issue student transcripts, and prepare commence- seminate information, identify problems, monitor progress
ment lists. Plans and promotes athletic policies, sports reports, and ensure adherence to goals/objectives. Directs
events, ticket sales, and student participation in social, work activities of personnel engaged in administration of
cultural, and recreational activities. Coordinates alumni academic institutions, departments, and alumni organi-
functions and encourages alumni endorsement of recruit- zations. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in
ing and fundraising activities. Reviews student miscon- relation to others actions. Management of Financial Re-
duct reports requiring disciplinary action and counsels sources: Determining how money will be spent to get the
students to ensure conformance to university policies. work done and accounting for these expenditures. Sys-
Recruits, employs, trains, and terminates department per- tems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators of
sonnel. Negotiates with foundation and industry repre- system performance and the actions needed to improve or
sentatives to secure loans for university and identify costs correct performance relative to the goals of the system.
and materials for building construction. Confers with other Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
academic staff to explain admission requirements and tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Moni-
transfer credit policies and compares course equivalencies toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that
to university/college curriculum. Determines course sched- of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
E
ules and correlates room assignments to ensure optimum ments or take corrective action. Judgment and Decision
use of buildings and equipment. Represents college/uni- Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of
versity as liaison officer with accrediting agencies and to potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
exchange information between academic institutions and
in community. Evaluates personnel and physical plant
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
in Education and Social Service. Other Job Titles in This COURSESAdministration and Management: Knowl-
Work Group: Education Administrators, All Other; Edu- edge of business and management principles involved in
cation Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School; strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
Education Administrators, Preschool and Child Care Cen- modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
ter/Program; Instructional Coordinators; Park Naturalists; coordination of people and resources. Education and Train-
Social and Community Service Managers. PERSONAL- ing: Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum
ITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations fre- and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
quently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Eco-
occupations can involve leading people and making many nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and ac-
decisions. They sometimes require risk taking and often counting principles and practices, the financial markets,
deal with business. banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles
munity College Education; Educational Administration
ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
and Supervision, Other; Educational Leadership and
tiation, and personnel information systems. English
Administration, General; Educational, Instructional, and
Curriculum Supervision; Higher Education/Higher English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Education Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

Education Administrators, plus degree
Preschool and Child Care Growth: 13.4%
Center/Program Self-Employed: 13.8%
Part-Time: 9.8%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic and nonacademic discuss educational activities, policies, and student behav-
activities of preschool and child care centers or programs. ioral or learning problems. Writes articles, manuals, and
Establishes program philosophy plans, policies, and aca- other publications and assists in the distribution of pro-
demic codes of ethics to maintain educational standards motional literature. Contacts and addresses commercial,
for student screening, placement, and training. Determines community, or political groups to promote educational
scope of educational program offerings and prepares drafts programs and services or lobby for legislative changes.
of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing Recruits, hires, trains, and evaluates primary and supple-
and facility requirements. Collects and analyzes survey data, mental staff and recommends personnel actions for pro-
regulatory information, and demographic and employ- grams and services. Organizes and directs committees of
ment trends to forecast enrollment patterns and curricu- specialists, volunteers, and staff to provide technical and
lum changes. Determines allocations of funds for staff, advisory assistance for programs. Directs and coordinates
supplies, materials, and equipment and authorizes pur- activities of teachers or administrators at daycare centers,
chases. Plans and coordinates consumer research and edu- schools, public agencies, and institutions. Coordinates
cational services to assist organizations in product outreach activities with businesses, communities, and other
development and marketing. Teaches classes or courses to institutions or organizations to identify educational needs
students. Completes, maintains, or assigns preparation of and establish and coordinate programs. Prepares and sub-
attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and mits budget requests or grant proposals to solicit program
records for officials and agencies. Reviews and interprets funding. Plans, directs, and monitors instructional meth-
government codes and develops programs to ensure facil- ods and content for educational, vocational, or student
ity safety, security, and maintenance. Counsels and pro- activity programs. Evaluates programs to determine effec-
vides guidance to students regarding personal, academic, tiveness, efficiency, and utilization and to ensure that ac-
or behavioral problems. Confers with parents and staff to tivities comply with federal, state, and local regulations.
_____________________________________________________ Education Teachers, Postsecondary
Reviews and approves new programs or recommends EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Educa-

modifications to existing programs. SKILLSWriting: tional Administration and Supervision, Other; Educational
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for Leadership and Administration, General; Educational, In-
the needs of the audience. Coordination: Adjusting ac- structional, and Curriculum Supervision. RELATED
tions in relation to others actions. Reading Comprehen- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training:
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
work-related documents. Learning Strategies: Selecting training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
and using training/instructional methods and procedures and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Ad-
appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching ministration and Management: Knowledge of business and
new things. Management of Personnel Resources: Moti- management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
vating, developing, and directing people as they work, iden- source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
tifying the best people for the job. technique, production methods, and coordination of people
and resources. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
in Education and Social Service. Other Job Titles in This
grammar. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge
Work Group: Education Administrators, All Other; Edu- of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment,
cation Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School;
selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
Education Administrators, Postsecondary; Instructional
tions and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Coordinators; Park Naturalists; Social and Community
Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and meth-
Service Managers. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. So-
ods for showing, promoting, and selling products or ser-
cial occupations frequently involve working with, com-
vices. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product
municating with, and teaching people. These occupations demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

Education Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses pertaining to education, such as counsel- Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing, curriculum, guidance, instruction, teacher educa- Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
tion, and teaching English as a second language. Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci-
SKILLSNo data available. ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists;
Educational, Vocational, and School Counselors; Elemen-
tary School Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineer-
ing Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language and
Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science
E
Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management
Advisors; Foreign Language and Literature Teachers,
Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Science Teach-
ers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary;
Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers,
Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach- Arts Teacher Education; Family and Consumer Sciences/
ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teacher Education; Foreign Language
Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teacher Education; French Language Teacher Education;
Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathemati- Geography Teacher Education; German Language Teacher
cal Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teach- Education; Health Occupations Teacher Education;
ers, Except Special and Vocational Education; Museum Health Teacher Education; History Teacher Education;
Technicians and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Mathematics Teacher Education; Music Teacher Educa-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Phi- tion; Physical Education Teaching and Coaching; Physics
losophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teacher Education; Reading Teacher Education; Sales and
Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution
Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Pre- Teacher Education; Science Teacher Education/General
school Teachers, Except Special Education; others. PER- Science Teacher Education; Social Science Teacher Edu-
SONALITY TYPENo data available. cation; Social Studies Teacher Education; Spanish Lan-
guage Teacher Education; Speech Teacher Education;
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Spe-
tural Teacher Education; Art Teacher Education; Biology
cific Subject Areas, Other; Technical Teacher Education;
Teacher Education; Business Teacher Education; Chem- Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher
istry Teacher Education; Computer Teacher Education;
Education; Trade and Industrial Teacher Education. RE-
Drama and Dance Teacher Education; Driver and Safety
Teacher Education; Education, General; English/Language

Educational Psychologists

Growth: 18.1%
Part-Time: 23.4%
Investigate processes of learning and teaching and de- and parent-teacher groups regarding provision of psycho-
velop psychological principles and techniques applicable logical services within educational system or school. Coun-
to educational problems. Conducts experiments to study sels pupils individually and in groups to assist pupils in
educational problems, such as motivation, adjustment, achieving personal, social, and emotional adjustment.
teacher training, and individual differences in mental abili- Collaborates with education specialists in developing cur-
ties. Formulates achievement, diagnostic, and predictive riculum content and methods of organizing and conduct-
tests to aid teachers in planning methods and content of ing classroom work. Evaluates needs, limitations, and
instruction. Plans remedial classes and testing programs potentials of child through observation, review of school
designed to meet needs of special students. Analyzes char- records, and consultation with parents and school person-
acteristics and adjustment needs of students having vari- nel. Advises teachers and other school personnel on meth-
ous mental abilities and recommends educational program ods to enhance school and classroom atmosphere to
to promote maximum adjustment. Administers standard- maximize student learning and motivation. Interprets and
ized tests to evaluate intelligence, achievement, and per- explains test results in terms of norms, reliability, and va-
sonality and to diagnose disabilities and difficulties among lidity to teachers, counselors, students, and other entitled
students. Recommends placement of students in classes parties. Investigates traits, attitudes, and feelings of teach-
and treatment programs based on individual needs. Re- ers to predict conditions that affect teachers mental health
fers individuals to community agencies to obtain medi- and success with students. Conducts research to aid in-
cal, vocational, or social services for child or family. Advises troduction of programs in schools to meet current psy-
school board, superintendent, administrative committees, chological, educational, and sociological needs of children.
_____________________________________________________________ Educational Psychologists
SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware of others ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
priate for the needs of the audience. Learning Strategies: Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical;
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Techni-
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or cians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
teaching new things. Reading Comprehension: Under- Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related Education; Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nurs-
documents. Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or ing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Fi-
indicators of system performance and the actions needed nancial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion Teachers,
to improve or correct performance relative to the goals of Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political
the system. Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers,
others. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investi-
gative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu-
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out
problems mentally.
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Child Psychology; Clinical Psychology; Counseling Psy-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, chology; Developmental and Child Psychology; Psycho-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, analysis and Psychotherapy; Psychology, General; School
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- Psychology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and perfor-
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; mance; individual differences in ability, personality, and
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, interests; learning and motivation; psychological research
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, and affective disorders. Education and Training: Knowl-
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, edge of principles and methods for curriculum and train-
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- ing design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
cational, Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary groups, and the measurement of training effects. English
School Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teach- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Therapy and
ers, Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advi- Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
sors; Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physi-
Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Science Teach- cal and mental dysfunctions and for career counseling and
ers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; guidance. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach- geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
E
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Educational, Vocational,
Growth: 25.3%
and School Counselors

Self-Employed: 0.6%
Part-Time: 18.0%
Counsel individuals and provide group educational and Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
vocational guidance services. Advises counselees to assist Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
them in developing their educational and vocational ob- Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science
jectives. Advises counselees to assist them in understand- Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing and overcoming personal and social problems. Collects Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
and evaluates information about counselees abilities, in- Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci-
terests, and personality characteristics, using records, tests, ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
and interviews. Compiles and studies occupational, edu- Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
cational, and economic information to assist counselees ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
in making and carrying out vocational and educational Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Elementary
objectives. Interprets program regulations or benefit re- School Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering
quirements and assists counselees in obtaining needed sup- Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature
portive services. Refers qualified counselees to employer Teachers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
or employment service for placement. Conducts follow- Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
up interviews with counselees and maintains case records. Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
Establishes and maintains relationships with employers and Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
personnel from supportive service agencies to develop Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
opportunities for counselees. Plans and conducts orienta- Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
tion programs and group conferences to promote adjust- tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
ment of individuals to new life experiences. Teaches Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
vocational and educational guidance classes. Addresses cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
community groups and faculty members to explain coun- Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
seling services. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full at- Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
tention to what other people are saying, taking time to Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
understand the points being made, asking questions as Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Social Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and un- Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
derstanding why they react as they do. Speaking: Talking Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers,
to others to convey information effectively. Service Ori- Except Special Education; Psychology Teachers,
entation: Actively looking for ways to help people. Postsecondary; others. PERSONALITY TYPESocial.
Social occupations frequently involve working with,
communicating with, and teaching people. These occupa-
tions often involve helping or providing service to others.
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)College
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Student Counseling and Personnel Services; Counselor
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services.
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTherapy and
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
_______________________________________________________ Electrical and Electronics Drafters
cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel- disorders. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
ing and guidance. Education and Training: Knowledge and content of the English language, including the mean-
of principles and methods for curriculum and training ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, mar. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of
and the measurement of training effects. Psychology: principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, se-
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi- lection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn- tions and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Electrical and Electronic
Growth: 10.8%
Engineering Technicians

Self-Employed: 1.9%
Part-Time: 7.4%
Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowl- Electro-Mechanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Elec-
edge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to tronics Engineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians,
design, build, repair, calibrate, and modify electrical com- Except Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering
ponents, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subse- Technicians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mapping
quent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making Technicians; Mechanical Drafters; Mechanical Engineer-
engineering design decisions. SKILLSNo data avail- ing Technicians; Numerical Tool and Process Control Pro-
able. grammers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Surveying and
Mapping Technicians; Surveying Technicians; Surveyors.
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Com-
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- puter Engineering Technology/Technician; Computer
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- Technology/Computer Systems Technology; Electrical and
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other;
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft- Technology/Technician; Telecommunications Technology/
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electri- Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
cal Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; No data available.

Electrical and Electronics
Growth: 23.3%
Drafters

Self-Employed: 3.0%
E
Part-Time: 7.9%
Prepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
and layout drawings used for manufacture, installation, Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineering
and repair of electrical equipment in factories, power Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aero-
plants, and buildings. SKILLSNo data available. space Engineering and Operations Technicians; Architec-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
tural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Calibra- Mapping Technicians; Mechanical Drafters; Mechanical
tion and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers and Engineering Technicians; Numerical Tool and Process
Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering Tech- Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Survey-
nicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Drafters, ing and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Technicians; Sur-
All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Techni- veyors. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
cians; Electrical Drafters; Electrical Engineering Techni-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electri-
cians; Electro-Mechanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters;
cal/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/
Electronics Engineering Technicians; Engineering Techni-
CADD. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
cians, Except Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineer-
data available.
ing Technicians; Industrial Engineering Technicians;

Electrical Drafters

Growth: 23.3%
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 7.9%
Develop specifications and instructions for installation hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs
of voltage transformers, overhead or underground cables, in work-related documents.
and related electrical equipment used to conduct electri-
cal energy from transmission lines or high-voltage dis-
tribution lines to consumers. Drafts working drawing,
wiring diagrams, wiring connections, or cross section of ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar-
underground cables as required for instructions to instal-
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali-
lation crew. Takes measurements, such as distances to be
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers
spanned by wire and cable, that affect installation and ar-
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering
rangement of equipment. Reviews completed construc-
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft-
tion drawings and cost estimates for accuracy and
conformity to standards and regulations. Draws master ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech-
nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical
sketch showing relation of proposed installation to exist-
Engineering Technicians; Electro-Mechanical Technicians;
ing facilities. Drafts sketches to scale. Studies work order
Electronic Drafters; Electronics Engineering Technicians;
request to determine type of service, such as lighting or
power, demanded by installation. Estimates labor and
vironmental Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineer-
material costs for installation of electrical equipment and
distribution systems. Confers with engineering staff and ing Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical
Drafters; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numeri-
other personnel to resolve problems. Visits site of proposed
cal Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Ves-
installation and draws rough sketch of location. SKILLS
Surveying Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY
ments to create a design. Judgment and Decision Making:
TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
actions to choose the most appropriate one. Mathemat- quently involve following set procedures and routines.
These occupations can include working with data and
ics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Equipment
details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
of authority to follow.
needed to do a job. Management of Personnel Resources:
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electri-
identifying the best people for the job. Reading Compre- cal/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/
______________________________________________________ Electrical Engineering Technicians
CADD. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDe- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Admin-
sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin- istration and Management: Knowledge of business and
ciples involved in production of precision technical plans, management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
blueprints, drawings, and models. Engineering and Tech- source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi- technique, production methods, and coordination of
neering science and technology. This includes applying people and resources. Building and Construction: Knowl-
principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the edge of materials, methods, and tools involved in the con-
design and production of various goods and services. struction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom- such as highways and roads.

Electrical Engineering

Growth: 10.8%
Technicians

Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 3.1%
Apply electrical theory and related knowledge to test and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
modify developmental or operational electrical machin- Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer-
ery and electrical control equipment and circuitry in in- ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
dustrial or commercial plants and laboratories. Usually Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar-
work under direction of engineering staff. Sets up and chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali-
operates test equipment to evaluate performance of devel- bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers
opmental parts, assemblies, or systems under simulated and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering
operating conditions. Maintains and repairs testing equip- Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft-
ment. Plans method and sequence of operations for testers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech-
ing and developing experimental electronic and electrical nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical
equipment. Assembles electrical and electronic systems and Drafters; Electro-Mechanical Technicians; Electronic
prototypes according to engineering data and knowledge Drafters; Electronics Engineering Technicians; Engineer-
of electrical principles, using hand tools and measuring ing Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other; Environmen-
instruments. Analyzes and interprets test information. tal Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineering
Collaborates with electrical engineer and other personnel Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical Drafters;
to solve developmental problems. Draws diagrams and Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numerical Tool and
writes engineering specifications to clarify design details Process Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors;
and functional criteria of experimental electronics units. Surveying and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Techni-
Modifies electrical prototypes, parts, assemblies, and sys- cians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
tems to correct functional deviations. SKILLSTechnol- alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
ogy Design: Generating or adapting equipment and include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
technology to serve user needs. Active Learning: Under- often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
standing the implications of new information for both like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating errors paperwork or working closely with others.
E
and deciding what to do about them. Operations Analy-

EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Computer
sis: Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a
Engineering Technology/Technician; Computer Technol-
design. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
ogy/Computer Systems Technology; Electrical and Elec-
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and tronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other;
Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
equipment needed to do a job.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Technology/Technician; Telecommunications Technology/ ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,

Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES blueprints, drawings, and models. Computers and Elec-
Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, elec-
application of engineering science and technology. This tronic equipment, and computer hardware and software,
includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and including applications and programming. Physics: Knowl-
equipment to the design and production of various goods edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and their
and services. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge- interrelationships and applications to understanding fluid,
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, elec-
Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin- trical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.

Electrical Engineers

Growth: 11.3%
Self-Employed: 2.9%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing establish manufacturing, construction, and installation
and installation of electrical equipment, components, or standards and specifications. Conducts field surveys and
systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific studies maps, graphs, diagrams, and other data to identify
use. Designs electrical instruments, equipment, facilities, and correct power system problems. Investigates customer
components, products, and systems for commercial, in- or public complaints, determines nature and extent of
dustrial, and domestic purposes. Plans and implements problem, and recommends remedial measures. Directs op-
research methodology and procedures to apply principles erations and coordinates manufacturing, construction, in-
of electrical theory to engineering projects. Prepares and stallation, maintenance, and testing activities to ensure
studies technical drawings, specifications of electrical sys- compliance with specifications, codes, and customer re-
tems, and topographical maps to ensure installation and quirements. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics
operations conform to standards and customer require- to solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using logic and rea-
ments. Develops applications of controls, instruments, and soning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alter-
systems for new commercial, domestic, and industrial uses. native solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Plans layout of electric power generating plants and dis- Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
tribution lines and stations. Operates computer-assisted tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Active
engineering and design software and equipment to per- Learning: Understanding the implications of new infor-
form engineering tasks. Compiles data and writes reports mation for both current and future problem-solving and
regarding existing and potential engineering studies and decision-making. Writing: Communicating effectively in
projects. Collects data relating to commercial and residen- writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
tial development, population, and power system intercon-
nection to determine operating efficiency of electrical GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
systems. Estimates labor, material, and construction costs Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.07. Engineer-
and prepares specifications for purchase of materials and ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace
equipment. Evaluates and analyzes data regarding electric Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Architects, Except
power systems and stations and recommends changes to Landscape and Naval; Biomedical Engineers; Chemical
improve operating efficiency. Inspects completed installa- Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hardware Engi-
tions and observes operations for conformance to design neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Com-
and equipment specifications and operational and safety puter Software Engineers, Systems Software; Electronics
standards. Confers with engineers, customers, and others Engineers, Except Computer; Engineers, All Other; En-
to discuss existing or potential engineering projects and vironmental Engineers; Fire-Prevention and Protection
products. Performs detailed calculations to compute and Engineers; Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining
________________________________________________________________________ Electricians
Safety Engineers and Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; In- ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
dustrial Safety and Health Engineers; Landscape Archi- the design and production of various goods and services.
tects; Marine Architects; Marine Engineers; Marine Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Engineers and Naval Architects; Materials Engineers; Me- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Com-
chanical Engineers; Mining and Geological Engineers, puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,
Including Mining Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
Petroleum Engineers; Product Safety Engineers; Sales En- hardware and software, including applications and pro-
gineers. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investi- gramming. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,
gative occupations frequently involve working with ideas and principles involved in production of precision techni-
and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu- cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Building and
pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
problems mentally. involved in the construction or repair of houses, build-
ings, or other structures, such as highways and roads. Pro-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electrical,
duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
Electronics, and Communications Engineering. RE-
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngineering and
niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of tribution of goods.

training
Electricians Growth: 17.3%
Self-Employed: 9.8%
Part-Time: 4.4%
Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, Inspects systems and electrical parts to detect hazards, de-
and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with rel- fects, and need for adjustments or repair. Maintains and
evant codes. May install or service street lights, inter- repairs or replaces wiring, equipment, and fixtures, using
com systems, or electrical control systems. Installs electrical hand tools. Plans layout and installation of electrical wir-
wiring, equipment, apparatus, and fixtures, using hand ing, equipment, and fixtures consistent with specifications
tools and power tools. Tests electrical systems and conti- and local codes. SKILLSInstallation: Installing equip-
nuity of circuits in electrical wiring, equipment, and fix- ment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifica-
tures, using testing devices, such as ohmmeter, voltmeter, tions. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using
and oscilloscope. Readies and assembles electrical wiring, the needed tools. Equipment Selection: Determining the
equipment and fixtures, using specifications and hand kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Trouble-
tools. Climbs ladder to install, maintain, or repair electri- shooting: Determining causes of operating errors and de-
cal wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Possesses electricians ciding what to do about them. Mathematics: Using
license or identification card to meet governmental regu- mathematics to solve problems.
lations. Drives vehicle, operates floodlights, and places
flares during power failure or emergency. Directs and trains
workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring,
E
equipment, and fixtures. Constructs and fabricates parts, Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
using hand tools and specifications. Prepares sketches of
location of wiring and equipment or follows blueprints to
determine location of equipment and conformance to
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
safety codes. Diagnoses malfunctioning systems, appara-
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Dry-
tus, and components, using test equipment and hand tools.
wall Installers; Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Ex- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electri-
cept Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and cian. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDesign:
Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Op- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
erators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insula- volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
tion Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, prints, drawings, and models. Engineering and
Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engineers and engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
Other Construction Equipment Operators; Painters, Con- ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
struction and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfac- the design and production of various goods and services.
ing, and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,
Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plas- processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
terers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, hardware and software, including applications and pro-
and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance gramming. Building and Construction: Knowledge of
Equipment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Work- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
ers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Physics: Knowl-
Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and
Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble their interrelationships and applications to understanding
Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc- fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechani-
cupations frequently involve work activities that include cal, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and pro-
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often cesses. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like and methods for curriculum and training design, teach-
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- measurement of training effects.

vocational training
Electronic Drafters Growth: 23.3%
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 7.9%
Draw wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, Compares logic element configuration on display screen
schematics, and layout drawings used for manufacture, with engineering schematics and calculates figures to con-
installation, and repair of electronic equipment. Drafts vert, redesign, and modify element. Copies drawings of
detail and assembly drawings and designs of electrome- printed circuit board fabrication, using print machine or
chanical equipment and related data processing systems. blueprinting procedure. Generates computer tapes of fi-
Plots electrical test points on layout sheet, using pencil, nal layout design to produce layered photo masks and
and draws schematics to wire test fixture heads to frame. photo plotting design onto film. Examines and verifies
Creates master layout of design components and circuitry master layout for electrical and mechanical accuracy. Su-
and printed circuit boards according to specifications and pervises and coordinates work activities of workers engaged
utilizing computer-assisted equipment. Consults with en- in drafting, designing layouts, and assembling and testing
gineers to discuss and interpret design concepts and de- printed circuit boards. Locates files relating to specified
termine requirements of detailed working drawings. design projection database library, loads program into com-
_____________________________________________________ Electronics Engineering Technicians
puter, and records completed job data. Reviews work or- vironmental Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineer-
ders and procedural manuals and confers with vendors ing Technicians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical Draft-
and design staff to resolve problems and modify design. ers; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numerical Tool
Keys and programs specified commands and engineering and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel Inspec-
specifications into computer system to change functions tors; Surveying and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Tech-
and test final layout. Compiles data, computes quantities, nicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic.
and prepares cost estimates to determine equipment needs; Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
requisitions materials as required. Selects drill size to drill include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
test head, according to test design and specifications, and often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
submits guide layout to designated department. Reviews like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
blueprints to determine customer requirements and con- tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
sults with assembler regarding schematics, wiring proce- paperwork or working closely with others.
dures, and conductor paths. Examines electronic
schematics and analyzes logic diagrams and design docu-
cal/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/
ments to plan layout of printed circuit board components
CADD. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDe-
and circuitry. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathemat-
ics to solve problems. Operations Analysis: Analyzing sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
needs and product requirements to create a design. Read-
blueprints, drawings, and models. Computers and Elec-
tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
paragraphs in work-related documents. Technology De-
sign: Generating or adapting equipment and technology
to serve user needs. Programming: Writing computer pro-
grams for various purposes. ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
calculus, and statistics and their applications. Engineer-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, ing and Technology: Knowledge of the practical applica-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- tion of engineering science and technology. This includes
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equip-
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- ment to the design and production of various goods and
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- services. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers and content of the English language, including the mean-
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft- mar. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech- business and management principles involved in strategic
nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me- leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
chanical Technicians; Electronics Engineering Technicians; nation of people and resources.

Electronics Engineering

Growth: 10.8%
Technicians

Self-Employed: 2.2%
E
Part-Time: 3.1%
Lay out, build, test, troubleshoot, repair, and modify ment, missile control instrumentation, electron tubes,
developmental and production electronic components, test equipment, and machine tool numerical controls,
parts, equipment, and systems, such as computer equip- applying principles and theories of electronics, electrical
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
circuitry, engineering mathematics, electronic and elec- Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft-
trical testing, and physics. Usually work under direction ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech-
of engineering staff. Reads blueprints, wiring diagrams, nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical
schematic drawings, and engineering instructions for as- Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me-
sembling electronics units, applying knowledge of elec- chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Engineering
tronic theory and components. Assembles circuitry or Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other; Environmental
electronic components according to engineering instruc- Engineering Technicians; Industrial Engineering Techni-
tions, technical manuals, and knowledge of electronics, cians; Mapping Technicians; Mechanical Drafters; Me-
using hand tools and power tools. Tests electronics unit, chanical Engineering Technicians; Numerical Tool and
using standard test equipment, to evaluate performance Process Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors;
and determine needs for adjustments. Adjusts and replaces Surveying and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Techni-
defective or improperly functioning circuitry and electron- cians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
ics components, using hand tools and soldering iron. As- alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
sists engineers in development of testing techniques, include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
laboratory equipment, and circuitry or installation speci- often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
fications by writing reports and recording data. Designs like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
basic circuitry and sketches for design documentation as tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
directed by engineers, using drafting instruments and com- paperwork or working closely with others.
puter-aided design equipment. Fabricates parts, such as
coils, terminal boards, and chassis, using bench lathes,
puter Engineering Technology/Technician; Computer
drills, or other machine tools. SKILLSMathematics:
Technology/Computer Systems Technology; Electrical and
Using mathematics to solve problems. Active Learning:
Understanding the implications of new information for Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other;
Electrical, Electronic, and Communications Engineering
Technology/Technician; Telecommunications Technology/
making. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and prod-
Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
uct requirements to create a design. Troubleshooting:
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what
to do about them. Technology Design: Generating or
adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs. hardware and software, including applications and pro-
gramming. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of
the practical application of engineering science and tech-
clusions, or approaches to problems. Installation: Install-
ing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet
various goods and services. Design: Knowledge of design
specifications.
techniques, tools, and principles involved in production
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- models. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- tent of the English language, including the meaning and
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering
__________________________________________________ Electronics Engineers, Except Computer

Electronics Engineers,

Growth: 10.4%
Except Computer

Self-Employed: 2.9%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Research, design, develop, and test electronic compo- develops applications and modifications for electronic
nents and systems for commercial, industrial, military, properties used in components, products, and systems to
or scientific use, utilizing knowledge of electronic theory improve technical performance. Develops operational,
and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and maintenance, and testing procedures for electronic prod-
components for use in fields such as telecommunications, ucts, components, equipment, and systems. SKILLS
aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
or instruments and controls. Designs electronic compo- Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
nents, products, and systems for commercial, industrial, tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ-
medical, military, and scientific applications. Investigates ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
causes of personal injury resulting from contact with high- for the needs of the audience. Science: Using scientific
voltage communications equipment. Determines material rules and methods to solve problems. Judgment and De-
and equipment needs and orders supplies. Reviews or precision Making: Considering the relative costs and ben-
pares budget and cost estimates for equipment, construc- efits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate
tion, and installation projects and controls expenditures. one.
Prepares, reviews, and maintains maintenance schedules
and operational reports and charts. Provides technical as-
sistance to field and laboratory staff regarding equipment
standards and problems and applications of transmitting
and receiving methods. Operates computer-assisted engi- Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Architects, Except
neering and design software and equipment to perform
engineering tasks. Confers with engineers, customers, and
neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Com-
others to discuss existing and potential engineering projects
puter Software Engineers, Systems Software; Electrical
or products. Prepares engineering sketches and specifica-
Engineers; Engineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers;
tions for construction, relocation, and installation of trans-
mitting and receiving equipment, facilities, products, and Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers; Health and
Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and
systems. Inspects electronic equipment, instruments, prod-
Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and
ucts, and systems to ensure conformance to specifications,
Health Engineers; Landscape Architects; Marine Archi-
safety standards, and applicable codes and regulations.
tects; Marine Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Ar-
Plans and implements research, methodology, and proce-
chitects; Materials Engineers; Mechanical Engineers;
dures to apply principles of electronic theory to engineer-
ing projects. Directs and coordinates activities concerned Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining
Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum Engineers;
with manufacture, construction, installation, maintenance,
Product Safety Engineers; Sales Engineers. PERSONAL-
operation, and modification of electronic equipment, prod-
ITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations fre-
ucts, and systems. Evaluates operational systems and rec-
ommends repair or design modifications based on factors
E

such as environment, service, cost, and system capabili-
ties. Conducts studies to gather information regarding ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
current services, equipment capacities, traffic data, and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electrical,
acquisition and installation costs. Analyzes system require- Electronics, and Communications Engineering. RE-
ments, capacity, cost, and customer needs to determine LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngineering and
feasibility of project and develop system plan. Plans and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
engineering science and technology. This includes apply- electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to ware, including applications and programming. Produc-
the design and production of various goods and services. tion and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom- production processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Design: niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in- tribution of goods. Telecommunications: Knowledge of
volved in production of precision technical plans, blue- transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and opera-
prints, drawings, and models. Computers and tion of telecommunications systems.

Elementary School Teachers,
Growth: 13.2%
Except Special Education

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Teach pupils in public or private schools at the elemen- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
tary level basic academic, social, and other formative and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser-
skills. Lectures, demonstrates, and uses audiovisual aids vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit-
and computers to present academic, social, and motor skill eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and
subject matter to class. Teaches subjects such as math, sci- Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
ence, or social studies. Prepares course objectives and out- Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
line for course of study, following curriculum guidelines Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area,
or requirements of state and school. Prepares, adminis- Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
ters, and corrects tests and records results. Assigns lessons, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
corrects papers, and hears oral presentations. Teaches rules Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
of conduct and maintains discipline and suitable learning Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists;
environment in classroom and on playground. Evaluates Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
student performance and discusses pupil academic and ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
behavioral attitudes and achievements with parents. Keeps Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
attendance and grade records and prepares reports as re- Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
quired by school. Counsels pupils when adjustment and Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
academic problems arise. Supervises outdoor and indoor Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
play activities. Teaches combined grade classes. Attends Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
staff meetings, serves on committees, and attends work- cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
shops or in-service training activities. Coordinates class Counselors; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
field trips. Prepares bulletin boards. SKILLSLearning Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional meth- ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
ods and procedures appropriate for the situation when Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
learning or teaching new things. Social Perceptiveness: erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
Being aware of others reactions and understanding why tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
they react as they do. Instructing: Teaching others how to Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
do something. Reading Comprehension: Understanding cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu- Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
ments. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
tion effectively.
________________________________________________________ Elevator Installers and Repairers
Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers, and the measurement of training effects. English Lan-
Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology:
Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others. disorders. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre- bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
quently involve working with, communicating with, and tions. History and Archeology: Knowledge of historical
teaching people. These occupations often involve helping events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civiliza-
or providing service to others. tions and cultures. Customer and Personal Service:
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Elemen- tomer and personal services. This includes customer needs
tary Education and Teaching; Teacher Education,
Multiple Levels. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

training
Elevator Installers Annual Earnings: $51,630
Growth: 17.2%
and Repairers Annual Job Openings: 2,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.5%
Assemble, install, repair, or maintain electric or hydrau- SKILLSInstallation: Installing equipment, machines,
lic freight or passenger elevators, escalators, or dumb- wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Repairing:
waiters. Studies blueprints to determine layout of Repairing machines or systems, using the needed tools.
framework and foundations. Cuts prefabricated sections Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating errors
of framework, rails, and other components to specified and deciding what to do about them. Equipment Main-
dimensions. Locates malfunction in brakes, motor, tenance: Performing routine maintenance on equipment
switches, and signal and control systems, using test equip- and determining when and what kind of maintenance is
ment. Connects electrical wiring to control panels and elec- needed. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and
tric motors. Installs safety and control devices, cables, inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
drives, rails, motors, and elevator cars. Disassembles de- quality or performance.
fective unit and repairs or replaces parts, such as locks,
gears, cables, and electric wiring. Completes service re-
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.02. Electrical
ports to verify conformance to prescribed standards. In- and Electronic Systems. Other Job Titles in This Work
spects wiring connections, control panel hookups, door
E
installation, and alignment and clearance of car hoistway.
Lubricates bearings and other parts to minimize friction.
Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers; Com-
Operates elevator to determine power demand and tests
puter, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers;
power consumption to detect overload factors. Adjusts
Data Processing Equipment Repairers; Electric Home
safety controls, counterweights, and mechanism of doors.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Appliance and Power Tool Repairers; Electric Meter In- world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
stallers and Repairers; Electric Motor and Switch Assem- the occupations require working outside and do not in-
blers and Repairers; Electric Motor, Power Tool, and volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Related Repairers; Electrical and Electronics Installers and
Repairers, Transportation Equipment; Electrical and Elec- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial
Mechanics and Maintenance Technology. RELATED
tronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment;
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substa-
tion, and Relay; Electrical Parts Reconditioners; Electrical
designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Building and Con-
Power-Line Installers and Repairers; Electronic Equipment
struction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles; Electronic Home
Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers; Frame involved in the construction or repair of houses, build-
ings, or other structures, such as highways and roads. En-
Wirers, Central Office; Home Appliance Installers; Home
gineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical
Appliance Repairers; Office Machine and Cash Register
application of engineering science and technology. This
Servicers; Radio Mechanics; Signal and Track Switch Re-
pairers; Station Installers and Repairers, Telephone; Tele-
communications Equipment Installers and Repairers,
Except Line Installers; Telecommunications Facility Ex- and services. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of
relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
aminers; Telecommunications Line Installers and Repair-
promote effective local, state, or national security opera-
ers; Transformer Repairers. PERSONALITY TYPE
tions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work
stitutions. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
activities that include practical, hands-on problems and

vocational training
Emergency Medical Annual Earnings: $23,170
Growth: 31.3%
Technicians and Paramedics Annual Job Openings: 19,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Assess injuries, administer emergency medical care, and vital statistics and to administer emergency treatment.
extricate trapped individuals. Transport injured or sick Monitors patients condition, using electrocardiograph.
persons to medical facilities. Administers first-aid treat- Assists in removal and transport of victims to treatment
ment and life support care to sick or injured persons in center. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in re-
prehospital setting. Assesses nature and extent of illness or lation to others actions. Service Orientation: Actively
injury to establish and prioritize medical procedures. Ob- looking for ways to help people. Active Listening: Giving
serves, records, and reports patients condition and reac- full attention to what other people are saying, taking time
tions to drugs and treatment to physician. Communicates to understand the points being made, asking questions as
with treatment center personnel to arrange reception of appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
victims and to receive instructions for further treatment. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela-
Assists treatment center personnel to obtain information tive costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the
relating to circumstances of emergency. Maintains vehicles most appropriate one. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware
and medical and communication equipment and replen- of others reactions and understanding why they react as
ishes first-aid equipment and supplies. Drives mobile in- they do.
tensive care unit to specified location, following
instructions from emergency medical dispatcher. Assists
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.04.
treatment center personnel to obtain and record victims
Public Safety. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
________________________________Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment Service
Agricultural Inspectors; Aviation Inspectors; Compliance Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic). RE-
Officers, Except Agriculture, Construction, Health and LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and
Safety, and Transportation; Environmental Compliance Dentistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
Inspectors; Equal Opportunity Representatives and Of- needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and
ficers; Financial Examiners; Fire Fighters; Fire Inspectors; deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alterna-
Fire Inspectors and Investigators; Forest Fire Fighters; For- tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
est Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists; Government health-care measures. Therapy and Counseling: Knowl-
Property Inspectors and Investigators; Licensing Examin- edge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagno-
ers and Inspectors; Marine Cargo Inspectors; Municipal sis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental
Fire Fighters; Nuclear Monitoring Technicians; Occupa- dysfunctions and for career counseling and guidance. Bi-
tional Health and Safety Specialists; Occupational Health ology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their
and Safety Technicians; Public Transportation Inspectors. tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac-
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre- tions with each other and the environment. Transporta-
quently involve working with, communicating with, and tion: Knowledge of principles and methods for moving
teaching people. These occupations often involve helping people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the
or providing service to others. relative costs and benefits. Telecommunications: Knowl-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Emer-
operation of telecommunications systems.
gency Care Attendant (EMT Ambulance); Emergency

Employment Interviewers,
Private or Public Employment

Growth: 17.6%
Service Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.9%
Interview job applicants in employment office and refer ates selection and testing techniques by conducting re-
them to prospective employers for consideration. Search search or follow-up activities and conferring with man-
application files, notify selected applicants of job open- agement and supervisory personnel. Conducts or arranges
ings, and refer qualified applicants to prospective em- for skills, intelligence, or psychological testing of appli-
ployers. Contact employers to verify referral results. cants. Keeps records of applicants not selected for employ-
Record and evaluate various pertinent data. Interviews ment. Reviews job orders and matches applicants with job
job applicants to select people meeting employer qualifi- requirements, utilizing manual or computerized file search.
cations. Reviews employment applications and evaluates Refers selected applicants to person placing job order ac-
work history, education and training, job skills, compen- cording to policy of organization. SKILLSReading
sation needs, and other qualifications of applicants. Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
Records additional knowledge, skills, abilities, interests, paragraphs in work-related documents. Active Listening:
test results, and other data pertinent to selection and re- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak-
ferral of applicants. Informs applicants of job duties and ing time to understand the points being made, asking
responsibilities, compensation and benefits, work sched- questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
ules, working conditions, promotional opportunities, and priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
E
other related information. Searches for and recruits appli- mation effectively. Writing: Communicating effectively in
cants for open positions. Performs reference and back- writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Judg-
ground checks on applicants. Contacts employers to solicit ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs
orders for job vacancies and records information on forms and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap-
to describe duties, hiring requirements, and related data. propriate one.
Refers applicants to vocational counseling services. Evalu-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Human

Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: eral; Labor and Industrial Relations. RELATED KNOWL-
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and EDGE/COURSESPersonnel and Human Resources:
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel re-
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam- cruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits,
iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and labor relations and negotiation, and personnel informa-
Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job tion systems. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists; ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and La- tions and for career counseling and guidance. English
bor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan words, rules of composition, and grammar. Administra-
Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market Re- tion and Management: Knowledge of business and man-
search Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents agement principles involved in strategic planning, resource
and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, nique, production methods, and coordination of people
Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Develop- and resources. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis-
ment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm trative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word
Products. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occu- processing, managing files and records, stenography and
pations frequently involve working with, communicating transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
with, and teaching people. These occupations often in- and terminology.
volve helping or providing service to others.

Employment, Recruitment,
Growth: 17.6%
and Placement Specialists

Self-Employed: 2.6%
Part-Time: 6.9%
Recruit and place workers. SKILLSNo data available. ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Coun-
selors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts;
Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchas-
ing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents,
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Exam-
iners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and De-
velopment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except
Farm Products. PERSONALITY TYPENo data avail-
able.
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Human
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
Service; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, eral; Labor and Industrial Relations. RELATED KNOWL-
and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad- EDGE/COURSESNo data available.
justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
_______________________________________________________________ Engineering Managers

plus degree
Engineering Managers Growth: 8.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as ar- ing many decisions. They sometimes require risk taking
chitecture and engineering or research and development and often deal with business.
in these fields. Establishes procedures and directs testing,
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Aero-
operation, maintenance, and repair of transmitter equip-
space, Aeronautical, and Astronautical Engineering; Agri-
ment. Plans and directs oil field development, gas and oil
production, and geothermal drilling. Plans, directs, and cultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering;
Architectural Engineering; Architecture (BArch, BA/BS,
coordinates survey work with activities of other staff, cer-
MArch, MA/MS, PhD); Biomedical/Medical Engineer-
tifies survey work, and writes land legal descriptions. Ana-
ing; Ceramic Sciences and Engineering; Chemical Engi-
lyzes technology, resource needs, and market demand and
neering; City/Urban, Community, and Regional Planning;
confers with management, production, and marketing staff
Civil Engineering, General; Civil Engineering, Other;
to plan and assess feasibility of project. Plans, coordinates,
and directs engineering project; organizes and assigns staff; Computer Engineering, General; Computer Engineering,
Other; Computer Hardware Engineering; Computer Soft-
and directs integration of technical activities with prod-
ware Engineering; Construction Engineering; Electrical,
ucts. Evaluates contract proposals, directs negotiation of
Electronics, and Communications Engineering; Engineer-
research contracts, and prepares bids and contracts. Di-
ing Mechanics; Engineering Physics; Engineering Science;
rects, reviews, and approves product design and changes;
Engineering, General; Engineering, Other; Environmen-
directs testing. Plans and directs installation, maintenance,
testing, and repair of facilities and equipment. Adminis- tal Design/Architecture; Environmental/Environmental
Health Engineering; Forest Engineering; Geological/Geo-
ters highway planning, construction, and maintenance and
physical Engineering; Geotechnical Engineering; Indus-
reviews and recommends or approves contracts and cost
trial Engineering; Interior Architecture; Landscape
estimates. Directs engineering of water control, treatment,
Architecture (BS, BSLA, BLA, MSLA, MLA, PhD);
and distribution projects. Confers with and prepares re-
Manufacturing Engineering; Materials Engineering; Ma-
ports for officials and speaks to public to solicit support.
SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in relation to terials Science; Mechanical Engineering; Metallurgical
Engineering; Mining and Mineral Engineering; Naval
others actions. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and
Architecture and Marine Engineering; Nuclear Engineer-
product requirements to create a design. Science: Using
ing; Ocean Engineering; Petroleum Engineering; Polymer/
scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Trouble-
Plastics Engineering; Structural Engineering; Surveying
shooting: Determining causes of operating errors and de-
Engineering; Systems Engineering; Textile Sciences and
ciding what to do about them. Reading Comprehension:
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- Engineering; Transportation and Highway Engineering;
Water Resources Engineering. RELATED KNOWL-
related documents.
EDGE/COURSESEngineering and Technology:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.01. Managerial ence and technology. This includes applying principles,
Work in Science, Math, and Engineering. Other Job Titles techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and
E
in This Work Group: Computer and Information Sys- production of various goods and services. Administration
tems Managers; Natural Sciences Managers. PERSON- and Management: Knowledge of business and manage-
ALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations ment principles involved in strategic planning, resource
frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
These occupations can involve leading people and mak- nique, production methods, and coordination of people
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and resources. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, derstanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and
tools, and principles involved in production of precision mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures
technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Phys- and processes. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
ics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles and algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
laws and their interrelationships and applications to un- cations.

Engineering Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses pertaining to the application of physical Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area,
laws and principles of engineering for the development Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
of machines, materials, instruments, processes, and ser- Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
vices. Includes teachers of subjects such as chemical, civil, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
electrical, industrial, mechanical, mineral, and petroleum Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio-
engineering. Includes both teachers primarily engaged logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
in teaching and those who do a combination of both ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
teaching and research. Prepares and delivers lectures to Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
students. Serves on faculty committee providing profes- Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
sional consulting services to government and industry. Acts Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
as adviser to student organizations. Conducts research in Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
particular field of knowledge and publishes findings in Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
professional journals. Stimulates class discussions. Com- cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
piles, administers, and grades examinations or assigns this Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
work to others. Advises students on academic and voca- Education; English Language and Literature Teachers,
tional curricula. Directs research of other teachers or gradu- Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
ate students working for advanced academic degrees. Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
Compiles bibliographies of specialized materials for out- Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
side reading assignments. SKILLSMathematics: Using Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers,
mathematics to solve problems. Active Learning: Under- Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary;
standing the implications of new information for both Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teach-
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. ers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teach-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Criti- ers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical;
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Techni-
sions, or approaches to problems. Science: Using scien- cians; Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
tific rules and methods to solve problems. Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education;
____________________________________ English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
others. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investi- Engineering; Structural Engineering; Surveying Engineer-

gative occupations frequently involve working with ideas ing; Systems Engineering; Teacher Education and Profes-
and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu- sional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other; Textile
pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out Sciences and Engineering; Transportation and Highway
problems mentally. Engineering; Water Resources Engineering. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngineering and Tech-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Aero-
nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi-
space, Aeronautical, and Astronautical Engineering; Agri-
neering science and technology. This includes applying
cultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering;
Architectural Engineering; Biomedical/Medical Engineer-
design and production of various goods and services. Edu-
ing; Ceramic Sciences and Engineering; Chemical Engi- cation and Training: Knowledge of principles and meth-
neering; Civil Engineering, General; Civil Engineering,
ods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
Other; Computer Engineering, General; Computer En-
instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
gineering, Other; Computer Hardware Engineering; Com-
ment of training effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
puter Software Engineering; Construction Engineering;
Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering;
applications. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physi-
Engineering Mechanics; Engineering Physics; Engineer- cal principles and laws and their interrelationships and
ing Science; Engineering, General; Engineering, Other;
Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering; For-
est Engineering; Geological/Geophysical Engineering;
sub-atomic structures and processes. English Language:
Geotechnical Engineering; Industrial Engineering; Manu-
facturing Engineering; Materials Engineering; Materials
Science; Mechanical Engineering; Metallurgical Engineer- rules of composition, and grammar. Design: Knowledge
ing; Mining and Mineral Engineering; Naval Architecture
of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in pro-
and Marine Engineering; Nuclear Engineering; Ocean
duction of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings,
Engineering; Petroleum Engineering; Polymer/Plastics
and models.
English Language

and Literature Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in English language and literature, includ- paragraphs in work-related documents. Instructing: Teach-
ing linguistics and comparative literature. Prepares and ing others how to do something. Speaking: Talking to
delivers lectures to students. Stimulates class discussions. others to convey information effectively. Learning Strate-
Advises students on academic and vocational curricula. gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods
Conducts research in particular field of knowledge and and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn-
publishes findings in professional journals. Serves on fac- ing or teaching new things. Writing: Communicating ef-
ulty committee providing professional consulting services fectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the
to government and industry. Acts as adviser to student audience.
E
organizations. Directs research of other teachers or gradu-

ate students working for advanced academic degrees. Com-
piles, administers, and grades examinations or assigns this
work to others. Compiles bibliographies of specialized
materials for outside reading assignments. SKILLSRead- eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others.
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, frequently involve working with forms, designs, and pat-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, terns. They often require self-expression, and the work
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, can be done without following a clear set of rules.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)American
Literature (Canadian); American Literature (United States);
Comparative Literature; Creative Writing; English Com-
position; English Language and Literature, General; En-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, glish Language and Literature/Letters, Other; English
Literature (British and Commonwealth); Technical and
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
Business Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of prin-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; Environ-
mental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and Home the measurement of training effects. English Language:
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan-
Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Literature
Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conservation Sci-
of composition, and grammar. Foreign Language: Knowl-
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
edge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-En-
glish) language, including the meaning and spelling of
Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronuncia-
tion. Communications and Media: Knowledge of media
production, communication, and dissemination techniques
entertain via written, oral, and visual media. Computers
Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser- chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
software, including applications and programming. Cleri-
cedures and systems, such as word processing, managing
files and records, stenography and transcription, designing
forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special

Environmental Engineering
Growth: 29.1%
Technicians

Self-Employed: 1.9%
Part-Time: 7.4%
Apply theory and principles of environmental engineer- ronmental pollution remediation devices under direction
ing to modify, test, and operate equipment and devices of engineer. SKILLSNo data available.
used in the prevention, control, and remediation of en-
vironmental pollution, including waste treatment and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
site remediation. May assist in the development of envi- Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer-
____________________________ Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Mapping Technicians; Mechanical Drafters; Mechanical
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- Engineering Technicians; Numerical Tool and Process
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Survey-
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers ing and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Technicians;
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Environ-
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech-
mental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technol-
nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical
ogy; Hazardous Materials Information Systems
Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me-
Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics En-
gineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except COURSESNo data available.
Drafters, All Other; Industrial Engineering Technicians;

Environmental Engineers Growth: 26.0%
Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 4.5%
Design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the pre- Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Computer; En-
vention, control, and remediation of environmental gineers, All Other; Fire-Prevention and Protection Engi-
health hazards, utilizing various engineering disciplines. neers; Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety
Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or Engineers and Inspectors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial
pollution control technology. SKILLSNo data avail- Safety and Health Engineers; Landscape Architects; Ma-
able. rine Architects; Marine Engineers; Marine Engineers and
Naval Architects; Materials Engineers; Mechanical Engi-
neers; Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Min-
ing Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace Engineers; Product Safety Engineers; Sales Engineers. PER-
Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hardware Engi- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Environ-
neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Com- mental/Environmental Health Engineering. RELATED
puter Software Engineers, Systems Software; Electrical KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Environmental Science

and Protection Technicians,

Growth: 24.5%
Including Health Self-Employed: 0.9%
E
Part-Time: 11.7%
Performs laboratory and field tests to monitor the envi- soil, water, and other materials for testing and take cor-
ronment and investigate sources of pollution, including rective actions as assigned. Collects samples of gases, soils,
those that affect health. Under direction of an environ- water, industrial wastewater, and asbestos products to con-
mental scientist or specialist, may collect samples of gases, duct tests on pollutant levels. Discusses test results and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
analyses with customers. Calibrates microscopes and test GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
instruments. Develops procedures and directs activities of Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.05. Laboratory
workers in laboratory. Records test data and prepares re- Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bio-
ports, summaries, and charts that interpret test results and logical Technicians; Chemical Technicians; Geological and
recommend changes. Sets up equipment or station to Petroleum Technicians; Geological Data Technicians; Geo-
monitor and collect pollutants from sites such as smoke logical Sample Test Technicians; Nuclear Equipment Op-
stacks, manufacturing plants, or mechanical equipment. eration Technicians; Nuclear Technicians; Photographers,
Determines amounts and kinds of chemicals to use in Scientific. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
destroying harmful organisms and removing impurities tigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
from purification systems. Conducts standardized tests to and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu-
ensure that materials and supplies used throughout power pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out
supply system meet processing and safety specifications. problems mentally.
Examines and analyzes material for presence and concen-
tration of contaminants such as asbestos in environment,
mental Science; Environmental Studies; Physical Science
using variety of microscopes. Weighs, analyzes, and mea-
Technologies/Technicians, Other; Science Technologies/
sures collected sample particles, such as lead, coal dust, or
rock, to determine concentration of pollutants. Prepares Technicians, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of the chemical com-
samples or photomicrographs for testing and analysis.
position, structure, and properties of substances and of the
Calculates amount of pollutant in samples or computes
air pollution or gas flow in industrial processes, using
This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, dan-
chemical and mathematical formulas. Performs chemical
ger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
and physical laboratory and field tests on collected samples
to assess compliance with pollution standards, using test Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
calculus, and statistics and their applications. Public Safety
instruments. SKILLSScience: Using scientific rules and
methods to solve problems. Mathematics: Using math-
ematics to solve problems. Reading Comprehension:
data, property, and institutions. English Language: Knowl-
related documents. Writing: Communicating effectively
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. edge of the structure and content of the English language,
ing applications and programming.

Environmental Science

Growth: 23.5%

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in environmental science. SKILLSNo Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
data available. Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
____________________________________ Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others.
and Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conser-
vation Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teach-
mental Science; Environmental Studies; Science Teacher
ers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health
Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Education/General Science Teacher Education. RE-
Environmental Scientists

and Specialists,

Growth: 22.3%
Including Health Self-Employed: 7.6%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Conduct research or perform investigation for the pur- Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems
pose of identifying, abating, or eliminating sources of and reviewing related information to develop and evalu-
pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment ate options and implement solutions.
or the health of the population. Utilizing knowledge of
various scientific disciplines, may collect, synthesize, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
study, report, and take action based on data derived from
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul-
measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water,
tural and Food Science Technicians; Agricultural
and other sources. Plans and develops research models
Technicians; Animal Scientists; Biochemists; Biochemists
using knowledge of mathematical and statistical concepts.
and Biophysicists; Biological Scientists, All Other; Biolo-
Collects, identifies, and analyzes data to assess sources of
pollution, determine their effects, and establish standards. gists; Biophysicists; Conservation Scientists; Epidemiolo-
gists; Food Science Technicians; Food Scientists and
Prepares graphs or charts from data samples and advises
Technologists; Foresters; Life Scientists, All Other; Medi-
enforcement personnel on proper standards and regula-
cal Scientists, Except Epidemiologists; Microbiologists;
tions. Determines data collection methods to be employed
Plant Scientists; Range Managers; Soil and Plant Scien-
in research projects and surveys. SKILLSActive Learn-
tists; Soil Conservationists; Soil Scientists; Zoologists and
ing: Understanding the implications of new information
E
for both current and future problem-solving and decision- Wildlife Biologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
making. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
ing with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
lems. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve
problems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Environ- dergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interac-
mental Science; Environmental Studies. RELATED tions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge methods. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and content of the English language, including the mean-
and their applications. Biology: Knowledge of plant and ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
animal organisms and their tissues, cells, functions, inter- mar. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical
dependencies, and interactions with each other and the principles and laws and their interrelationships and appli-
environment. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical com- cations to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric
position, structure, and properties of substances and of dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-
the chemical processes and transformations that they un- atomic structures and processes.

Epidemiologists

Growth: 26.5%
Self-Employed: 2.8%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Investigate and describe the determinants and distribu- Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Ac-
tion of disease, disability, and other health outcomes and tive Learning: Understanding the implications of new in-
develop the means for prevention and control. Plans and formation for both current and future problem-solving
directs studies to investigate human or animal disease, and decision-making. Reading Comprehension: Under-
preventive methods, and treatments for disease. Studies standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, or microor- documents. Writing: Communicating effectively in writ-
ganisms or health and physiological processes of animals ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Science:
and humans. Plans methodological design of research study Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
and arranges for data collection. Consults with and ad-
vises physicians, educators, researchers, and others regard-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sciences.
ing medical applications of sciences such as physics,
biology, and chemistry. Confers with health department, Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricultural and
Food Science Technicians; Agricultural Technicians; Ani-
industry personnel, physicians, and others to develop
mal Scientists; Biochemists; Biochemists and Biophysicists;
health safety standards and programs to improve public
Biological Scientists, All Other; Biologists; Biophysicists;
health. Teaches principles of medicine and medical and
Conservation Scientists; Environmental Scientists and Spe-
laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students,
cialists, Including Health; Food Science Technicians; Food
and technicians. Supervises activities of clerical and statis-
tical or laboratory personnel. Standardizes drug dosages, Scientists and Technologists; Foresters; Life Scientists, All
Other; Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists; Micro-
methods of immunization, and procedures for manufac-
biologists; Plant Scientists; Range Managers; Soil and Plant
ture of drugs and medicinal compounds. Prepares and
Scientists; Soil Conservationists; Soil Scientists; Zoologists
analyzes samples for toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms
and Wildlife Biologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInves-
or to study cell structure and properties. Examines organs,
tigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve work-
tissues, cell structures, or microorganisms by systematic
observation or using microscope. Conducts research to ing with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
develop methodologies; instrumentation; or identification,
diagnosing, and treatment procedures for medical appli-
cation. Investigates cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cell/Cel-
transmission of diseases or parasites. Analyzes data, apply- lular Biology and Histology; Epidemiology; Medical Sci-
ing statistical techniques and scientific knowledge; pre- entist (MS, PhD). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
pares reports; and presents findings. SKILLS COURSESMathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
_________________________________________ Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli- electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
cations. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organ- ware, including applications and programming. Medicine
isms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information and tech-
and interactions with each other and the environment. niques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, dis-
Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc- eases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment
ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro- alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preven-
cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes tive health-care measures. English Language: Knowledge
uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, proof the structure and content of the English language, in-
duction techniques, and disposal methods. Computers and cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, position, and grammar.

on-the-job training
Executive Secretaries and Annual Earnings: $32,380
Growth: 11.5%
Administrative Assistants Annual Job Openings: 185,000
Self-Employed: 5.4%
Part-Time: 7.7%
Provide high-level administrative support by conducting GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
research, preparing statistical reports, handling informa- Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other
tion requests, and performing clerical functions such as Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem-
preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and
conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Pro-
and supervise lower-level clerical staff. Coordinates and grams; Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan; Legal
directs office services, such as records and budget prepara- Secretaries; License Clerks; Loan Interviewers and Clerks;
tion, personnel, and housekeeping, to aid executives. Pre- Medical Secretaries; Municipal Clerks; Secretaries, Except
pares records and reports, such as recommendations for Legal, Medical, and Executive; Welfare Eligibility Work-
solutions of administrative problems and annual reports. ers and Interviewers. PERSONALITY TYPEConven-
Files and retrieves corporation documents, records, and tional. Conventional occupations frequently involve
reports. Analyzes operating practices and procedures to following set procedures and routines. These occupations
create new or revise existing methods. Studies management can include working with data and details more than with
methods to improve workflow, simplify reporting proce- ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
dures, or implement cost reductions. Reads and answers
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Adminis-
correspondence. Plans conferences. Interprets administra-
trative Assistant and Secretarial Science, General; Execu-
tive and operating policies and procedures for employees.
tive Assistant/Executive Secretary; Medical Administrative/
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Executive Assistant and Medical Secretary. RELATED
Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac-
tions. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Active Listen-
office procedures and terminology. Administration and
E
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- Management: Knowledge of business and management
principles involved in strategic planning, resource alloca-
tion, human resources modeling, leadership technique,
mation effectively. Mathematics: Using mathematics to
production methods, and coordination of people and re-
solve problems. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your
sources. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of cir-
cuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
to make improvements or take corrective action.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
computer hardware and software, including applications algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
and programming. English Language: Knowledge of the cations. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of eco-
structure and content of the English language, including nomic and accounting principles and practices, the
the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, financial markets, banking, and the analysis and report-
and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, ing of financial data.

Exhibit Designers

Growth: 27.0%
Part-Time: 20.0%
Plan, design, and oversee construction and installation GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
of permanent and temporary exhibits and displays. Pre- tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts.
pares preliminary drawings of proposed exhibit, includ- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com-
ing detailed construction, layout, material specifications, mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other;
or special-effects diagrams. Arranges for acquisition of Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculp-
specimens or graphics or building of exhibit structures by tors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers; Graphic Design-
outside contractors to complete exhibit. Inspects installed ers; Interior Designers; Merchandise Displayers and
exhibit for conformance to specifications and satisfactory Window Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists and Animators;
operation of special effects components. Submits plans for Painters and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit De-
approval and adapts plan to serve intended purpose or to signers; Set Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY
conform to budget or fabrication restrictions. Designs, TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
draws, paints, or sketches backgrounds and fixtures for working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often re-
use in windows or interior displays. Oversees preparation quire self-expression, and the work can be done without
of artwork, construction of exhibit components, and place- following a clear set of rules.
ment of collection to ensure intended interpretation of
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Design
concepts and conformance to specifications. Confers with
client or staff regarding theme, interpretative or informa- and Applied Arts, Other; Design and Visual Communi-
cations, General; Illustration; Technical Theatre/Theatre
tional purpose, planned location, budget, materials, or
Design and Technology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
promotion. Designs display to decorate streets, fairgrounds,
building, or other places for celebrations, using paper,
cloth, plastic, or other materials. SKILLSWriting: Com-
technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Fine
needs of the audience. Coordination: Adjusting actions Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to
compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance,
in relation to others actions. Time Management: Man-
visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Building and Construc-
aging ones own time and the time of others. Reading
tion: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved
in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
paragraphs in work-related documents. Management of
structures, such as highways and roads. Psychology:
Material Resources: Obtaining and seeing to the appro-
priate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
to do certain work. Mathematics: Using mathematics to
solve problems. Active Learning: Understanding the im-
disorders. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
problem-solving and decision-making.
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
________________ Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
tions. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of structure and content of the English language, including
machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
and maintenance. English Language: Knowledge of the and grammar.
Extruding and Drawing Education/Training Required: Moderate-term

on-the-job training
Machine Setters, Annual Earnings: $25,170
Growth: 13.5%
Operators, and Tenders, Annual Job Openings: 23,000
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Metal and Plastic Part-Time: 2.7%
Set up, operate, or tend machines to extrude or draw Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging
thermoplastic or metal materials into tubes, rods, hoses, Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
wire, bars, or structural shapes. Installs dies, machine craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers;
screws, and sizing rings on machine extruding thermo- Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers,
plastic or metal materials. Starts machine and sets con- Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
trols to regulate vacuum, air pressure, sizing rings, and Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
temperature and synchronizes speed of extrusion. Loads Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat-
machine hopper with mixed materials, using auger, or stuffs ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up
rolls of plastic dough into machine cylinders. Operates Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set-
shearing mechanism to cut rods to specified length. Stud- ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool
ies specifications, determines setup procedures, and selects Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting,
machine dies and parts. Adjusts controls to draw or press Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
metal into specified shape and diameter. Selects nozzles, ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians;
spacers, and wire guides, according to diameter and length Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
of rod. Weighs and mixes pelletized, granular, or powdered Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip-
thermoplastic materials and coloring pigments. Reels ex- ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and
truded product into rolls of specified length and weight. Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine
Tests physical properties of product with testing devices and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding, Forming, Press-
such as acid-bath tester, burst tester, and impact tester. ing, and Compacting Machine Setters and Set-Up Opera-
Measures extruded articles for conformance to specifica- tors; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
tions and adjusts controls to obtain product of specified Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Forging Machine
dimensions. Examines extruded product for defects, such Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry
as wrinkles, bubbles, and splits. Replaces worn dies when Mold and Coremakers; Gem and Diamond Workers;
products vary from specifications. SKILLSQuality Grinding, Honing, Lapping, and Deburring Machine Set-
Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of Up Operators; Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing
products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or per- Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
formance. Operation and Control: Controlling operations Plastic; Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and
of equipment or systems. Operation Monitoring: Watch- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and
ing gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a ma- Tempering Machine Operators and Tenders, Metal and
chine is working properly. Equipment Maintenance: Plastic; Heating Equipment Setters and Set-Up Operators,
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and de- Metal and Plastic; Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers,
E
termining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. and Weighers; Jewelers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Metal Workers; Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters,
equipment needed to do a job. Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders
and Scalers; Materials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors;
Metal Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Operators and Tenders; others. PERSONALITY TYPE raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs,
Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu-
activities that include practical, hands-on problems and facture and distribution of goods. Principles of Mechani-
solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real- cal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including
world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering
the occupations require working outside and do not in- and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application
volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. of engineering science and technology. This includes ap-
Tool Technology/Machinist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
vices. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
COURSESProduction and Processing: Knowledge of geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.

degree
Family and General Annual Earnings: $118,390
Growth: 17.9%
Practitioners Annual Job Openings: 27,000
Part-Time: 7.2%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases and injuries related documents. Active Learning: Understanding the
that commonly occur in the general population. Exam- implications of new information for both current and fu-
ines or conducts tests on patient to provide information ture problem-solving and decision-making. Science: Us-
on medical condition. Analyzes records, reports, test re- ing scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
sults, or examination information to diagnose medical Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela-
condition of patient. Prescribes or administers treatment, tive costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the
therapy, medication, vaccination, and other specialized most appropriate one. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
medical care to treat or prevent illness, disease, or injury. reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of al-
Explains procedures and discusses test results or prescribed ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
treatments with patents. Advises patients and community lems. Speaking: Talking to others to convey information
concerning diet, activity, hygiene, and disease prevention. effectively. Writing: Communicating effectively in writ-
Directs and coordinates activities of nurses, students, as- ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
sistants, specialists, therapists, and other medical staff.
Conducts research to study anatomy and develop or test
medications, treatments, or procedures to prevent or con-
gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi-
trol disease or injury. Prepares reports for government or
ologists; Internists, General; Medical Assistants;
management of birth, death, and disease statistics,
workforce evaluations, or medical status of individuals. Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Pediatricians, General;
Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy Technicians;
Plans, implements, or administers health programs or stan-
Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All Other;
dards in hospital, business, or community for informa-
Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
tion, prevention, or treatment of injury or illness. Refers
nologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
patient to medical specialist or other practitioner when
tigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
necessary. Collects, records, and maintains patient infor-
mation, such as medical history, reports, and examination and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu-
pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out
results. Operates on patients to remove, repair, or improve
problems mentally.
functioning of diseased or injured body parts and systems
and delivers babies. SKILLSReading Comprehension: EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Family
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- Medicine; Medicine (MD); Osteopathic Medicine/Oste-
________________________________________________________________ Farmers and Ranchers
opathy (DO). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information tion, and grammar. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge
and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human inju- of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
ries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, tions and for career counseling and guidance.
F
and preventive health-care measures. Biology: Knowledge Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func- ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
and the environment. English Language: Knowledge of leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
the structure and content of the English language, includ- nation of people and resources.

training
Farmers and Ranchers Growth: 25.4%
Part-Time: 27.7%
On an ownership or rental basis, operate farms, ranches, Selects and purchases supplies and equipment, such as seed,
greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural tree stock, fertilizers, farm machinery, implements, live-
production establishments that produce crops, horticul- stock, and feed. Destroys diseased or superfluous crops,
tural specialties, livestock, poultry, finfish, shellfish, or such as queen bee cells, bee colonies, parasites, and ver-
animal specialties. May plant, cultivate, harvest, perform min. Determines kind and quantity of crops or livestock
post-harvest activities, and market crops and livestock; to be raised, according to market conditions, weather, and
may hire, train, and supervise farm workers or supervise farm size. SKILLSEquipment Selection: Determining
a farm labor contractor; may prepare cost, production, the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Man-
and other records. May maintain and operate machinery agement of Financial Resources: Determining how money
and perform physical work. Harvests crops and collects will be spent to get the work done and accounting for these
specialty products, such as royal jelly from queen bee cells expenditures. Operation and Control: Controlling opera-
and honey from honeycombs. Sets up and operates farm tions of equipment or systems. Coordination: Adjusting
machinery to till soil, plant, prune, fertilize, apply herbi- actions in relation to others actions. Critical Thinking:
cides and pesticides, and haul harvested crops. Inspects Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and
growing environment to maintain optimum growing or weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or ap-
breeding conditions. Plans harvesting, considering ripeness proaches to problems.
and maturity of crop and weather conditions. Breeds and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 03. Plants and
raises stock, such as animals, poultry, honeybees, or earth-
Animals. Work Group: 03.01. Managerial Work in Plants
worms. Arranges with buyers for sale and shipment of crops.
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ag-
Hires and directs workers engaged in planting, cultivating,
ricultural Crop Farm Managers; Farm Labor Contractors;
irrigating, harvesting, and marketing crops and raising live-
First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAgricul-
stock. Assembles, positions, and secures structures such as
trellises or beehives, using hand tools. Lubricates, adjusts, tural Crop Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/
SupervisorsAnimal Care Workers, Except Livestock;
and makes minor repairs on farm equipment, using oilcan,
First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAnimal
grease gun, and hand tools. Maintains employee and fi-
Husbandry Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/
nancial records. Grades and packages crop for marketing.
SupervisorsFishery Workers; First-Line Supervisors and
Demonstrates and explains farm work techniques and safety
Manager/SupervisorsHorticultural Workers; First-Line
regulations to workers. Installs irrigation systems and irri-
gates fields. Grows out-of-season crops in greenhouse or Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsLandscaping Work-
ers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervisors
early crops in cold-frame bed or buds and grafts plant stock.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Logging Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of tal Horticulture; Plant Nursery Operations and Manage-
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers; First-Line Super- ment; Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management;
visors/Managers of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Plant Sciences, General; Poultry Science; Range Science
Groundskeeping Workers; Fish Hatchery Managers; Lawn and Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Service Managers; Nursery and Greenhouse Managers. COURSESFood Production: Knowledge of techniques
PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
frequently involve work activities that include practical, products (both plant and animal) for consumption, in-
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with cluding storage/handling techniques. Personnel and Hu-
plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, man Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensa-
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working tion and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and
closely with others. personnel information systems. Production and Process-
ing: Knowledge of raw materials, production processes,
quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximiz-
Agribusiness/Agricultural Business Operations; Agricul-
ing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
tural Animal Breeding; Agricultural Business and
Management, General; Agricultural Production Opera- ods for showing, promoting, and selling products or ser-
tions, General; Agricultural Production Operations, Other;
Agronomy and Crop Science; Animal Nutrition; Animal
demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Sciences, General; Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Pro-
Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and
duction; Aquaculture; Crop Production; Dairy Husbandry
their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and in-
and Production; Dairy Science; Farm/Farm and Ranch
teractions with each other and the environment.
Management; Greenhouse Operations and Management;
Horticultural Science; Livestock Management; Ornamen-

Fashion Designers

Growth: 20.3%
Part-Time: 20.0%
Design clothing and accessories. Create original garments Sketches rough and detailed drawings of apparel or acces-
or design garments that follow well-established fashion sories and writes specifications, such as color scheme, con-
trends. May develop the line of color and kinds of mate- struction, or material type. Draws pattern for article
rials. Designs custom garments for clients. Attends fash- designed, cuts pattern, and cuts material according to pat-
ion shows and reviews garment magazines and manuals to tern, using measuring and drawing instruments and scis-
analyze fashion trends, predictions, and consumer prefer- sors. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in
ences. Sews together sections to form mockup or sample relation to others actions. Operations Analysis: Analyz-
of garment or article, using sewing equipment. Directs ing needs and product requirements to create a design.
and coordinates workers who draw and cut patterns and Persuasion: Persuading others to change their minds or
construct sample or finished garment. Arranges for show- behavior. Active Learning: Understanding the implications
ing of sample garments at sales meetings or fashion shows. of new information for both current and future problem-
Confers with sales and management executives or clients solving and decision-making. Judgment and Decision
regarding design ideas. Examines sample garment on and Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of
off model and modifies design to achieve desired effect. potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Integrates findings of analysis and discussion, personal
tastes, and knowledge of design to originate design ideas.
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts.
_________________________________________________________________________ File Clerks
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com- niques required to compose, produce, and perform works
mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other; of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Sales
Exhibit Designers; Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculp- and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
tors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers; Graphic Design- showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This
ers; Interior Designers; Merchandise Displayers and includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon-
F
Window Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists and Animators; stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Psy-
Painters and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit De- chology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
signers; Set Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec-
require self-expression, and the work can be done without tive disorders. Sociology and Anthropology: Knowledge
following a clear set of rules. of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and in-
fluences, human migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Apparel
their history and origins. Customer and Personal Service:
and Textile Manufacture; Fashion and Fabric Consultant;
Fashion/Apparel Design; Textile Science. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDesign: Knowledge of de- assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and
sign techniques, tools, and principles involved in produc-
tion of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
models. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and tech-

training
File Clerks Growth: 9.1%
Self-Employed: 0.7%
Part-Time: 36.1%
File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
records in alphabetical or numerical order or according tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ-
to the filing system used. Locate and remove material ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
from file when requested. Sorts or classifies information for the needs of the audience.
according to content; purpose; user criteria; or chrono-
logical, alphabetical, or numerical order. Locates and re-
Detail. Work Group: 09.07. Records Processing. Other
trieves files upon request from authorized users. Removes
Job Titles in This Work Group: Correspondence Clerks;
or destroys outdated materials in accordance with file
Court Reporters; Credit Authorizers; Credit Authorizers,
maintenance schedules or legal requirements. Inspects or
examines materials or files for accuracy, legibility, or dam- Checkers, and Clerks; Credit Checkers; Human Resources
Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping; Information
age. Assigns and records or stamps identification numbers
and Record Clerks, All Other; Insurance Claims and Policy
or codes to index materials for filing. Scans or reads in-
Processing Clerks; Insurance Claims Clerks; Insurance
coming materials to determine filing order or location.
Policy Processing Clerks; Medical Records and Health
Places materials into storage receptacles, such as file cabi-
Information Technicians; Medical Transcriptionists; Of-
nets, boxes, bins, or drawers, according to classification
and identification information. Inserts additional data on fice Clerks, General; Procurement Clerks; Proofreaders and
Copy Markers. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional.
file records. Photographs or makes copies of data and
Conventional occupations frequently involve following set
records, using photocopying or microfilming equipment.
procedures and routines. These occupations can include
Authorizes or documents materials movement, using log-
book or computer, and traces missing files. SKILLS
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)General tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,

Office Occupations and Clerical Services. RELATED electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowl- ware, including applications and programming. English
edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems, Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
such as word processing, managing files and records, ste- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
nography and transcription, designing forms, and other words, rules of composition, and grammar.
office procedures and terminology. Computers and Elec-

Film and Video Editors

Growth: 25.8%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Edit motion picture soundtracks, film, and video. Edits and Video Equipment Technicians; Broadcast Technicians;
film and video tape to insert music, dialogue, and sound Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Pic-
effects and to correct errors, using editing equipment. ture; Media and Communication Equipment Workers, All
Reviews assembled film or edited video tape on screen or Other; Photographers; Professional Photographers; Radio
monitor and makes corrections. Trims film segments to Operators; Sound Engineering Technicians. PERSONAL-
specified lengths and reassembles segments in sequence ITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently in-
that presents story with maximum effect. Evaluates and volve working with forms, designs, and patterns. They
selects scenes in terms of dramatic and entertainment value often require self-expression, and the work can be done
and story continuity. Supervises and coordinates activities without following a clear set of rules.
of workers engaged in editing and assembling filmed scenes
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Audiovi-
photographed by others. Studies script and confers with
sual Communications Technologies/Technicians, Other;
producers and directors concerning layout or editing to
Cinematography and Film/Video Production; Commu-
increase dramatic or entertainment value of production.
nications Technology/Technician; Photojournalism; Ra-
SKILLSMonitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor-
dio and Television; Radio and Television Broadcasting
mance or that of other individuals or organizations to make
improvements or take corrective action. Critical Think- Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESCommunications and Media: Knowledge
of media production, communication, and dissemination
techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
approaches to problems. Reading Comprehension: Un-
to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
dia. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques
lated documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention
to what other people are saying, taking time to under- required to compose, produce, and perform works of
music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. Comput-
ers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, proces-
sors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware
and software, including applications and programming.
tions. Active Learning: Understanding the implications
solving and decision-making. tent of the English language, including the meaning and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission, broad-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.08. Media Tech- casting, switching, control, and operation of telecommu-
nology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audio nications systems.
___________________________________________________________________ Financial Analysts

Financial Analysts

Growth: 25.5%
F
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 5.2%
Conduct quantitative analyses of information affecting Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe-
investment programs of public or private institutions. cialists; Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations
Analyzes financial information to forecast business, indus- Specialists, All Other; Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and
try, and economic conditions for use in making invest- Investigators; Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage; Insur-
ment decisions. Interprets data concerning price, yield, ance Underwriters; Loan Counselors; Loan Officers; Lo-
stability, and future trends in investment risks and eco- gisticians; Management Analysts; Market Research
nomic influences pertinent to investments. Gathers in- Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and Buy-
formation such as industry, regulatory, and economic ers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale,
information, company financial statements, financial pe- Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collectors, and
riodicals, and newspapers. Calls brokers and purchases Revenue Agents; Training and Development Specialists;
investments for company according to company policy. Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products. PER-
Draws charts and graphs to illustrate reports, using com- SONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupa-
puter. Recommends investment timing and buy-and-sell tions frequently involve working with ideas and require
orders to company or to staff of investment establishment. an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can
SKILLSJudgment and Decision Making: Considering involve searching for facts and figuring out problems men-
the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose tally.
the most appropriate one. Reading Comprehension: Un-
lated documents. Critical Thinking: Using logic and ing and Business/Management; Accounting and Finance;
Finance, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
lems. Active Learning: Understanding the implications
of financial data. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
solving and decision-making. Mathematics: Using math-
ematics to solve problems. algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
cations. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of cir-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General cuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- computer hardware and software, including applications
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: and programming. English Language: Knowledge of the
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and structure and content of the English language, including
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam- and grammar. Law and Government: Knowledge of laws,
iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government
Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the demo-
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; cratic political process.
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

plus degree
Financial Managers Growth: 18.5%
Self-Employed: 1.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Plan, direct, and coordinate accounting, investing, bank- Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private Sector Ex-
ing, insurance, securities, and other financial activities ecutives; Property, Real Estate, and Community Associa-
of a branch, office, or department of an establishment. tion Managers; Public Relations Managers; Purchasing
SKILLSNo data available. Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers; Training
and Development Managers; Transportation, Storage, and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General Distribution Managers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General Financial Officers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
Management Work and Management of Support Func- available.
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- ing and Business/Management; Accounting and Finance;
agers, Branch or Department; Funeral Directors; General Credit Management; Finance and Financial Management
and Operations Managers; Government Service Execu- Services, Other; Finance, General; International Finance;
tives; Human Resources Managers; Human Resources Public Finance. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All Other; COURSESNo data available.

plus degree
Financial Managers, Annual Earnings: $70,210
Growth: 18.5%
Branch or Department Annual Job Openings: 53,000
Self-Employed: 1.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Direct and coordinate financial activities of workers in a Evaluates data pertaining to costs to plan budget. Moni-
branch, office, or department of an establishment, such tors order flow and transactions that brokerage firm ex-
as branch bank, brokerage firm, risk and insurance de- ecutes on floor of exchange. Submits delinquent accounts
partment, or credit department. Directs and coordinates to attorney or outside agency for collection. Examines,
activities of workers engaged in conducting credit investi- evaluates, and processes loan applications. Establishes credit
gations and collecting delinquent accounts of customers. limitations on customer account. Reviews reports of secu-
Directs and coordinates activities to implement institu- rities transactions and price lists to analyze market condi-
tion policies, procedures, and practices concerning grant- tions. Reviews collection reports to ascertain status of
ing or extending lines of credit and loans. Prepares financial collections and balances outstanding. Directs insurance
and regulatory reports required by law, regulations, and negotiations, selects insurance brokers and carriers, and
board of directors. Selects appropriate technique to mini- places insurance. Establishes procedures for custody and
mize loss, such as avoidance and loss prevention and re- control of assets, records, loan collateral, and securities to
duction. Directs floor operations of brokerage firm engaged ensure safekeeping. Prepares operational and risk reports
in buying and selling securities at exchange. Evaluates ef- for management analysis. Analyzes and classifies risks as
fectiveness of current collection policies and procedures. to frequency and financial impact of risk on company.
______________________ First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAgricultural Crop Workers
Plans, directs, and coordinates risk and insurance programs Distribution Managers; Training and Development Man-
of establishment to control risks and losses. Manages agers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Manag-
branch or office of financial institution. SKILLSWrit- ers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers.
ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
for the needs of the audience. Monitoring: Monitoring/ cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
F
Assessing your performance or that of other individuals projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
or organizations to make improvements or take corrective making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
action. Management of Financial Resources: Determin- ing and often deal with business.
ing how money will be spent to get the work done and
accounting for these expenditures. Critical Thinking:
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and ing and Business/Management; Accounting and Finance;
Credit Management; Finance and Financial Management
Services, Other; Finance, General; International Finance;
proaches to problems. Judgment and Decision Making:
Public Finance. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
actions to choose the most appropriate one.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General nancial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General of financial data. Administration and Management:
Management Work and Management of Support Func- Knowledge of business and management principles in-
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- methods, and coordination of people and resources. Math-
agers; Funeral Directors; General and Operations Manag- ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
ers; Government Service Executives; Human Resources culus, and statistics and their applications. English
Managers; Human Resources Managers, All Other; Leg- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
islators; Managers, All Other; Postmasters and Mail Su- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
perintendents; Private Sector Executives; Property, Real words, rules of composition, and grammar. Law and Gov-
Estate, and Community Association Managers; Public ernment: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures,
Relations Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and precedents, government regulations, executive orders,
agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Education/Training Required: Associates

First-Line Supervisors and degree
Manager/Supervisors Growth: 13.0%
Agricultural Crop Workers Self-Employed: 10.6%
Part-Time: 25.6%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of agricul- kind of workers needed to perform required work and
tural crop workers. Manager/Supervisors are generally schedules activities. Observes workers to detect inefficient
found in smaller establishments, where they perform and unsafe work procedures or identify problems and ini-
both supervisory and management functions, such as tiates actions to correct improper procedure or solve prob-
accounting, marketing, and personnel work and may also lem. Issues farm implements and machinery, ladders, or
engage in the same agricultural work as the workers they containers to workers and collects them at end of work-
supervise. Assigns duties, such as tilling soil, planting, ir- day. Investigates grievances and settles disputes to main-
rigating, storing crops, and maintaining machines, and tain harmony among workers. Opens gate to permit entry
assigns fields or rows to workers. Determines number and of water into ditches or pipes and signals worker to start
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
flow of water to irrigate fields. Drives and operates farm Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervi-
machinery, such as trucks, tractors, or self-propelled har- sorsLogging Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers
vesters, to transport workers or cultivate and harvest fields. of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers; First-Line
Requisitions and purchases farm supplies, such as insecti- Supervisors/Managers of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and
cides, machine parts or lubricants, and tools. Confers with Groundskeeping Workers; Fish Hatchery Managers; Lawn
manager to evaluate weather and soil conditions and to Service Managers; Nursery and Greenhouse Managers.
develop and revise plans and procedures. Prepares time, PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
payroll, and production reports, such as farm conditions, cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
amount of yield, machinery breakdowns, and labor prob- projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
lems. Directs or assists in adjustment, repair, and mainte- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
nance of farm machinery and equipment. Trains workers ing and often deal with business.
in methods of field work and safety regulations and briefs
them on identifying characteristics of insects and diseases.
tural Business and Management, Other; Agricultural Pro-
Contracts with seasonal workers and farmers to provide
duction Operations, General; Agricultural Production
employment and arranges for transportation, equipment,
Operations, Other; Agriculture, Agriculture Operations,
and living quarters. Recruits, hires, and discharges work-
ers. Inspects crops and fields to determine maturity, yield, and Related Sciences, Other; Agronomy and Crop Sci-
ence; Aquaculture; Crop Production; Farm/Farm and
infestation, or work requirements, such as cultivating,
Ranch Management; Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and
spraying, weeding, or harvesting. SKILLSCoordination:
Management; Plant Sciences, General; Range Science
Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Manage-
and Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ment of Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and
COURSESFood Production: Knowledge of techniques
directing people as they work, identifying the best people
for the job. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
mation effectively. Time Management: Managing ones
cluding storage/handling techniques. Administration and
own time and the time of others. Management of Mate-
Management: Knowledge of business and management
rial Resources: Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate
use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do
certain work. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Instructing: production methods, and coordination of people and re-
sources. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of
Teaching others how to do something.
principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, se-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 03. Plants and lection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
Animals. Work Group: 03.01. Managerial Work in Plants tions and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and
Agricultural Crop Farm Managers; Farm Labor Contrac- their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and in-
tors; Farmers and Ranchers; First-Line Supervisors and teractions with each other and the environment. Principles
Manager/SupervisorsAgricultural Crop Workers; First- of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Hus- including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
bandry Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/ English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
SupervisorsFishery Workers; First-Line Supervisors and tent of the English language, including the meaning and
Manager/SupervisorsHorticultural Workers; First-Line spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsLandscaping
___________________ First-Line Supervisors and Managers/SupervisorsConstruction Trades Workers

First-Line Supervisors and in a related occupation
Construction Trades Workers
F
Part-Time: 2.3%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construc- Job Titles in This Work Group: Construction Managers;
tion trades workers and their helpers. Manager/Supervi- First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsExtrac-
sors are generally found in smaller establishments, where tive Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
they perform both supervisory and management func- Construction Trades and Extraction Workers. PERSON-
tions, such as accounting, marketing, and personnel ALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations
work, and may also engage in the same construction frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects.
trades work as the workers they supervise. Supervises and These occupations can involve leading people and mak-
coordinates activities of construction trades workers. Di- ing many decisions. They sometimes require risk taking
rects and leads workers engaged in construction activities. and often deal with business.
Assigns work to employees, using material and worker re-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Building/
quirements data. Confers with staff and worker to ensure
Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection,
production and personnel problems are resolved. Suggests
and initiates personnel actions, such as promotions, trans- Other; Building/Construction Site Management/Man-
ager; Building/Home/Construction Inspection/Inspector;
fers, and hires. Analyzes and resolves worker problems and
Building/Property Maintenance and Management; Car-
recommends motivational plans. Examines and inspects
pentry/Carpenter; Concrete Finishing/Concrete Finisher;
work progress, equipment, and construction sites to verify
Construction Trades, Other; Drywall Installation/
safety and ensure that specifications are met. Estimates
Drywaller; Electrical and Power Transmission Installation/
material and worker requirements to complete job. Reads
specifications, such as blueprints and data, to determine Installer, General; Electrical and Power Transmission In-
stallers, Other; Electrician; Glazier; Lineworker; Mason/
construction requirements. Analyzes and plans installation
Masonry; Painting/Painter and Wall Coverer; Plumbing
and construction of equipment and structures. Locates,
Technology/Plumber; Roofer; Well Drilling/Driller. RE-
measures, and marks location and placement of structures
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuilding and
and equipment. Records information, such as personnel,
Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
production, and operational data, on specified forms and
reports. Trains workers in construction methods and op- involved in the construction or repair of houses, build-
ings, or other structures, such as highways and roads. Ad-
eration of equipment. Recommends measures to improve
ministration and Management: Knowledge of business
production methods and equipment performance to in-
and management principles involved in strategic planning,
crease efficiency and safety. Assists workers engaged in
resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
construction activities, using hand tools and equipment.
SKILLSManagement of Personnel Resources: Moti-
vating, developing, and directing people as they work, iden- people and resources. Personnel and Human Resources:
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel
tifying the best people for the job. Coordination: Adjusting
recruitment, selection, training, compensation and ben-
actions in relation to others actions. Time Management:
efits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel infor-
Managing ones own time and the time of others. Equip-
mation systems. Design: Knowledge of design techniques,
ment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equip-
ment needed to do a job. Instructing: Teaching others
how to do something. technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. English
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.01. Mana- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Engineering
gerial Work in Construction, Mining, and Drilling. Other and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
of engineering science and technology. This includes ap- to the design and production of various goods and ser-
plying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment vices.

Extractive Workers Self-Employed: 10.4%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of extractive benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropri-
workers and their helpers. Manager/Supervisors are gen- ate one.
erally found in smaller establishments, where they per-
form both supervisory and management functions, such
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.01. Mana-
as accounting, marketing, and personnel work, and may
gerial Work in Construction, Mining, and Drilling. Other
also engage in the same extractive work as the workers
Job Titles in This Work Group: Construction Managers;
they supervise. Supervises and coordinates activities of
workers engaged in the extraction of geological materials. First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsCon-
struction Trades Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Manag-
Directs and leads workers engaged in extraction of geo-
ers of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers.
logical materials. Assigns work to employees, using mate-
PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
rial and worker requirements data. Confers with staff and
workers to ensure that production personnel problems are
resolved. Analyzes and resolves worker problems and rec-
ommends motivational plans. Analyzes and plans extrac- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
tion process of geological materials. Trains workers in
construction methods and operation of equipment. Ex- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Blasting/
amines and inspects equipment, site, and materials to verify Blaster; Well Drilling/Driller. RELATED KNOWL-
that specifications are met. Recommends measures to im- EDGE/COURSESAdministration and Management:
prove production methods and equipment performance Knowledge of business and management principles in-
to increase efficiency and safety. Suggests and initiates per- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
sonnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, and hires. resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Records information such as personnel, production, and methods, and coordination of people and resources. Per-
operational data on specified forms. Assists workers en- sonnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles
gaged in extraction activities, using hand tools and equip- and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
ment. Locates, measures, and marks materials and site ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
location, using measuring and marking equipment. Or- tiation, and personnel information systems. English
ders materials, supplies, and repair of equipment and ma- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
chinery. SKILLSManagement of Personnel Resources: English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, words, rules of composition, and grammar. Engineering
identifying the best people for the job. Coordination: and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application
Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Instruct- of engineering science and technology. This includes ap-
ing: Teaching others how to do something. Monitoring: plying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment
Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of other to the design and production of various goods and ser-
individuals or organizations to make improvements or take vices. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles
corrective action. Speaking: Talking to others to convey and methods for curriculum and training design, teach-
information effectively. Time Management: Managing ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
ones own time and the time of others. Judgment and measurement of training effects.
Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and
_________________________ First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsLandscaping Workers

Landscaping Workers
F
Part-Time: 25.6%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of landscap- sorsAnimal Husbandry Workers; First-Line Supervisors
ing workers. Manager/Supervisors are generally found and Manager/SupervisorsFishery Workers; First-Line
in smaller establishments, where they perform both su- Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsHorticultural
pervisory and management functions, such as account- Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervi-
ing, marketing, and personnel work, and may also engage sorsLandscaping Workers; First-Line Supervisors and
in the same landscaping work as the workers they super- Manager/SupervisorsLogging Workers; First-Line Su-
vise. Directs workers in maintenance and repair of drive- pervisors/Managers of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
ways, walkways, benches, graves, and mausoleums. Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Landscap-
Observes ongoing work to ascertain if work is being per- ing, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers; Fish
formed according to instructions and will be completed Hatchery Managers; Lawn Service Managers; Nursery and
on time. Determines work priority and crew and equip- Greenhouse Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEReal-
ment requirements; assigns workers tasks such as plant- istic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work activi-
ing, fertilizing, irrigating, and mowing. Directs and assists ties that include practical, hands-on problems and
workers engaged in maintenance and repair of equipment solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
such as power mower and backhoe, using hand tools and world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
power tools. Confers with manager to develop plans and the occupations require working outside and do not in-
schedules for maintenance and improvement of grounds. volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Keeps employee time records; records daily work per-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Land-
formed. Interviews, hires, and discharges workers. Assists
scaping and Groundskeeping; Ornamental Horticulture;
workers in performing work when completion is critical.
Turf and Turfgrass Management. RELATED KNOWL-
Tours grounds, such as park, botanical garden, cemetery,
EDGE/COURSESAdministration and Management:
or golf course, to inspect conditions. Trains workers in
tasks such as transplanting and pruning trees and shrubs, Knowledge of business and management principles in-
finishing cement, using equipment, and caring for turf.
Mixes and prepares spray and dust solutions and directs
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Per-
application of fertilizer, insecticide, and fungicide.
SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in relation to
others actions. Management of Personnel Resources:
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
tiation, and personnel information systems. Chemistry:
identifying the best people for the job. Speaking: Talking
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and
to others to convey information effectively. Instructing:
properties of substances and of the chemical processes and
Teaching others how to do something. Time Manage-
transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of
chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 03. Plants and techniques, and disposal methods. Biology: Knowledge
Animals. Work Group: 03.01. Managerial Work in Plants of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other
Agricultural Crop Farm Managers; Farm Labor Contrac- and the environment. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
tors; Farmers and Ranchers; First-Line Supervisors and Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Care Workers, Except uses, repair, and maintenance.
Livestock; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervi-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

First-Line Supervisors, Annual Earnings: $37,990
Growth: 9.4%
Administrative Support Annual Job Openings: 146,000
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 3.3%
Supervise and coordinate activities of workers involved priate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Time
in providing administrative support. Supervises and co- Management: Managing ones own time and the time of
ordinates activities of workers engaged in clerical or ad- others. Management of Personnel Resources: Motivat-
ministrative support activities. Plans, prepares, and revises ing, developing, and directing people as they work, iden-
work schedules and duty assignments according to bud- tifying the best people for the job. Coordination: Adjusting
get allotments, customer needs, problems, workloads, and actions in relation to others actions. Reading Compre-
statistical forecasts. Verifies completeness and accuracy of hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs
subordinates work, computations, and records. Interviews, in work-related documents. Speaking: Talking to others
selects, and discharges employees. Oversees, coordinates, to convey information effectively.
or performs activities associated with shipping, receiving,
distribution, and transportation. Evaluates subordinate job
Detail. Work Group: 09.01. Managerial Work in Busi-
performance and conformance to regulations and recom-
ness Detail. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ad-
mends appropriate personnel action. Consults with su-
pervisor and other personnel to resolve problems such as ministrative Services Managers; First-Line Supervisors,
Customer Service; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
equipment performance, output quality, and work sched-
Office and Administrative Support Workers. PERSON-
ules. Trains employees in work and safety procedures and
ALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations
company policies. Computes figures such as balances, to-
frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects.
tals, and commissions. Analyzes financial activities of es-
These occupations can involve leading people and mak-
tablishment or department and assists in planning budget.
Inspects equipment for defects and notifies maintenance ing many decisions. They sometimes require risk taking
and often deal with business.
personnel or outside service contractors for repairs. Plans
layout of stockroom, warehouse, or other storage areas, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
considering turnover, size, weight, and related factors per- tural Business Technology; Customer Service Manage-
taining to items stored. Compiles reports and informa- ment; Medical/Health Management and Clinical Assistant/
tion required by management or governmental agencies. Specialist; Office Management and Supervision. RE-
Identifies and resolves discrepancies or errors. Maintains LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministration
records of such matters as inventory, personnel, orders, and Management: Knowledge of business and manage-
supplies, and machine maintenance. Examines procedures ment principles involved in strategic planning, resource
and recommends changes to save time, labor, and other allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
costs and to improve quality control and operating effi- nique, production methods, and coordination of people
ciency. Participates in work of subordinates to facilitate and resources. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis-
productivity or overcome difficult aspects of work. Req- trative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word
uisitions supplies. Reviews records and reports pertaining processing, managing files and records, stenography and
to such activities as production, operation, payroll, cus- transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
tomer accounts, and shipping. SKILLSMonitoring: and terminology. English Language: Knowledge of the
Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of other structure and content of the English language, including
individuals or organizations to make improvements or take the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
corrective action. Active Listening: Giving full attention and grammar. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
to what other people are saying, taking time to under- edge of principles and procedures for personnel recruit-
stand the points being made, asking questions as appro- ment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor
__________________________________________________ First-Line Supervisors, Customer Service
relations and negotiation, and personnel information sys- measurement of training effects. Mathematics: Knowledge
tems. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics
and methods for curriculum and training design, teach- and their applications.
ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
F
First-Line Supervisors, Annual Earnings: $37,990
Growth: 9.4%
Customer Service Annual Job Openings: 146,000
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 3.3%
Supervise and coordinate activities of workers involved Administrative Support; First-Line Supervisors/Managers
in providing customer service. Supervises and coordinates of Office and Administrative Support Workers. PERSON-
activities of workers engaged in customer service activi- ALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations
ties. Plans, prepares, and devises work schedules accord- frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects.
ing to budgets and workloads. Observes and evaluates These occupations can involve leading people and mak-
workers performance. Issues instructions and assigns du- ing many decisions. They sometimes require risk taking
ties to workers. Trains and instructs employees. Hires and and often deal with business.
discharges workers. Communicates with other depart-
ments and management to resolve problems and expedite
tural Business Technology; Customer Service Manage-
work. Interprets and communicates work procedures and
ment; Medical/Health Management and Clinical Assistant/
company policies to staff. Helps workers in resolving prob-
Specialist; Office Management and Supervision. RE-
lems and completing work. Resolves complaints and an-
swers customer questions regarding services and LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministration
procedures. Reviews and checks work of subordinates, such
as reports, records, and applications for accuracy and con-
tent, and corrects errors. Prepares, maintains, and submits
reports and records, such as budgets and operational and
and resources. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
personnel reports. Makes recommendations to manage-
ment concerning staff and improvement of procedures. edge of principles and processes for providing customer
and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
Plans and develops improved procedures. Requisitions or
sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
purchases supplies. SKILLSManagement of Personnel
ation of customer satisfaction. Personnel and Human
Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing people
as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Co-
ordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions.
Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and person-
nel information systems. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
that of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
ments or take corrective action. Critical Thinking: Using
procedures and terminology. Education and Training:
to problems. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
mation effectively. Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business and groups, and the measurement of training effects. En-
Detail. Work Group: 09.01. Managerial Work in Busi- glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
ness Detail. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ad- of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
ministrative Services Managers; First-Line Supervisors, ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
First-Line Education/Training Required: Work experience

Supervisors/Managers Annual Earnings: $46,570
Growth: 16.5%
of Construction Trades Annual Job Openings: 43,000
and Extraction Workers Self-Employed: 10.4%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construc- and Inspection, Other; Building/Construction Site Man-
tion or extraction workers. SKILLSNo data available. agement/Manager; Building/Home/Construction Inspec-
tion/Inspector; Building/Property Maintenance and
Management; Carpentry/Carpenter; Concrete Finishing/
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.01. Mana-
Concrete Finisher; Construction Trades, Other; Drywall
gerial Work in Construction, Mining, and Drilling. Other Installation/Drywaller; Electrical and Power Transmission
Job Titles in This Work Group: Construction Managers;
Installation/Installer, General; Electrical and Power Trans-
First-Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsCon-
mission Installers, Other; Electrician; Glazier; Lineworker;
struction Trades Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Man-
Mason/Masonry; Painting/Painter and Wall Coverer;
ager/SupervisorsExtractive Workers. PERSONALITY
Plumbing Technology/Plumber; Roofer; Well Drilling/
Driller. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Blasting/ data available.
Blaster; Building/Construction Finishing, Management,

First-Line in a related occupation
Supervisors/Managers Growth: 29.6%
of Correctional Officers Annual Job Openings: 3,000
Supervise and coordinate activities of correctional offic- pervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives; First-Line
ers and jailers. SKILLSNo data available. Supervisors/Managers, Protective Service Workers, All
Other; Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors;
Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors. PER-
Managerial Work in Law, Law Enforcement, and Public
Safety. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Emergency EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Correc-
Management Specialists; First-Line Supervisors/Managers tions; Corrections Administration. RELATED KNOWL-
of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers; First-Line Su- EDGE/COURSESNo data available.
_______________________ First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

Growth: 13.0%
of Farming, Fishing, Annual Job Openings: 89,000
F
and Forestry Workers Self-Employed: 10.6%
Part-Time: 25.6%
Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of agri- Service, and Groundskeeping Workers; Fish Hatchery
cultural, forestry, aquacultural, and related workers. Managers; Lawn Service Managers; Nursery and Green-
SKILLSNo data available. house Managers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
available.
Animals. Work Group: 03.01. Managerial Work in Plants EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: tural Animal Breeding; Agricultural Business and Manage-
Agricultural Crop Farm Managers; Farm Labor Contrac- ment, Other; Agricultural Production Operations, General;
tors; Farmers and Ranchers; First-Line Supervisors and Agricultural Production Operations, Other; Agriculture,
Manager/SupervisorsAgricultural Crop Workers; First- Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences, Other;
Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Care Agronomy and Crop Science; Animal Nutrition; Animal
Workers, Except Livestock; First-Line Supervisors and Sciences, General; Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Pro-
Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Husbandry Workers; First- duction; Aquaculture; Crop Production; Dairy Husbandry
Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsFishery and Production; Dairy Science; Farm/Farm and Ranch
Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervi- Management; Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Manage-
sorsHorticultural Workers; First-Line Supervisors and ment; Horse Husbandry/Equine Science and Management;
Manager/SupervisorsLandscaping Workers; First-Line Livestock Management; Plant Sciences, General; Poultry
Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsLogging Workers; Science; Range Science and Management. RELATED
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Landscaping, Lawn KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Growth: 12.7%
of Food Preparation Annual Job Openings: 136,000
and Serving Workers Self-Employed: 37.5%
Part-Time: 8.5%
Supervise workers engaged in preparing and serving food. personnel actions, such as hires and discharges, to ensure
Supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged proper staffing. Analyzes operational problems, such as theft
in preparing and serving food and other related duties. and wastage, and establishes controls. Schedules parties and
Observes and evaluates workers and work procedures to reservations; greets and escorts guests to seating arrange-
ensure quality standards and service. Assigns duties, respon- ments. Receives, issues, and takes inventory of supplies and
sibilities, and work stations to employees, following work equipment; reports shortages to designated personnel. Re-
requirements. Collaborates with specified personnel to plan solves customer complaints regarding food service. Records
menus, serving arrangements, and other related details. production and operational data on specified forms. Trains
Recommends measures to improve work procedures and workers in proper food preparation and service procedures.
worker performance to increase quality of services and job Inspects supplies, equipment, and work areas to ensure ef-
safety. Purchases or requisitions supplies and equipment ficient service and conformance to standards. Specifies food
to ensure quality and timely delivery of services. Initiates portions and courses, production and time sequences, and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
work station and equipment arrangements. SKILLS Administration/Management; Restaurant, Culinary, and
Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating, devel- Catering Management/Manager. RELATED KNOWL-
oping, and directing people as they work, identifying the EDGE/COURSESAdministration and Management:
best people for the job. Coordination: Adjusting actions Knowledge of business and management principles in-
in relation to others actions. Speaking: Talking to others volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
to convey information effectively. Time Management: resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Managing ones own time and the time of others. Active methods, and coordination of people and resources. Cus-
Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
saying, taking time to understand the points being made, processes for providing customer and personal services.
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
inappropriate times. ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
isfaction. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge
of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment,
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per-
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi- tent of the English language, including the meaning and
sors/Managers of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers;
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal Service Work-
Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and cleri-
ers; Food Service Managers; Gaming Managers; Gaming
cal procedures and systems, such as word processing, man-
Supervisors; Housekeeping Supervisors; Janitorial Super-
aging files and records, stenography and transcription,
visors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention Plan-
ners. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising nology. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles
occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying
and methods for curriculum and training design, teach-
out projects. These occupations can involve leading people
ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk
measurement of training effects. Production and Process-
taking and often deal with business.
ing: Knowledge of raw materials, production processes,
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cooking quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximiz-
and Related Culinary Arts, General; Foodservice Systems ing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Growth: 18.9%
of Helpers, Laborers, Annual Job Openings: 14,000
and Material Movers, Hand Self-Employed: 10.4%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Supervise and coordinate the activities of helpers, labor- customers. Inventories and orders supplies. Examines
ers, or material movers. Supervises and coordinates ac- freight to determine sequence of loading and examines
tivities of workers performing assigned tasks. Verifies equipment to determine compliance with specifications.
materials loaded or unloaded against work order and sched- Records information such as daily receipts, employee time
ules times of shipment and mode of transportation. In- and wage data, description of freight, and inspection re-
spects equipment for wear and completed work for sults. Determines work sequence and equipment needed
conformance to standards. Informs designated employee according to work order, shipping records, and experience.
or department of items loaded or reports loading defi- Observes work procedures to ensure quality of work. Trains
ciencies. Resolves customer complaints. Quotes prices to and instructs workers. Assigns duties and work schedules.
________________________ First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
SKILLSInstructing: Teaching others how to do some- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
thing. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reac- ing and often deal with business.
tions and understanding why they react as they do.
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPro-
F
clusions, or approaches to problems. Speaking: Talking to
others to convey information effectively. Management of
techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and direct-
distribution of goods. Administration and Management:
ing people as they work, identifying the best people for
the job. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to
others actions. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
training/instructional methods and procedures appropri-
ate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
Production. Work Group: 08.01. Managerial Work in ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
Industrial Production. Other Job Titles in This Work tiation, and personnel information systems.
Group: First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production and Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Operating Workers; Industrial Production Managers. etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Eco-
PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc- nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
projects. These occupations can involve leading people and banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

Growth: 14.2%
of Housekeeping Annual Job Openings: 18,000
and Janitorial Workers Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 6.4%
Supervise work activities of cleaning personnel in ho- First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal Service Work-
tels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments. ers; Food Service Managers; Gaming Managers; Gaming
SKILLSNo data available. Supervisors; Housekeeping Supervisors; Janitorial Super-
visors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention Plan-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, ners. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi- data available.
sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Supervisors/Managers of Annual Earnings: $32,100
Growth: 20.1%
Landscaping, Lawn Service, Annual Job Openings: 10,000
and Groundskeeping Workers Self-Employed: 58.8%
Part-Time: 24.5%
Plan, organize, direct, or coordinate activities of workers Farmers and Ranchers; First-Line Supervisors and Man-
engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping activities, such ager/SupervisorsAgricultural Crop Workers; First-Line
as planting and maintaining ornamental trees, shrubs, Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Care
flowers, and lawns and applying fertilizers, pesticides, and Workers, Except Livestock; First-Line Supervisors and
other chemicals, according to contract specifications. May Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Husbandry Workers; First-
also coordinate activities of workers engaged in terracing Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsFishery
hillsides, building retaining walls, constructing pathways, Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervi-
installing patios, and similar activities in following a land- sorsHorticultural Workers; First-Line Supervisors and
scape design plan. Work may involve reviewing contracts Manager/SupervisorsLandscaping Workers; First-Line
to ascertain service, machine, and work force require- Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsLogging Workers;
ments; answering inquiries from potential customers re- First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming, Fishing, and
garding methods, material, and price ranges; and Forestry Workers; Fish Hatchery Managers; Lawn Service
preparing estimates according to labor, material, and Managers; Nursery and Greenhouse Managers. PERSON-
machine costs. SKILLSNo data available. ALITY TYPENo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 03. Plants and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Land-
Animals. Work Group: 03.01. Managerial Work in Plants scaping and Groundskeeping; Ornamental Horticulture;
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ag- Turf and Turfgrass Management. RELATED KNOWL-
ricultural Crop Farm Managers; Farm Labor Contractors; EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Growth: 16.0%
of Mechanics, Installers, Annual Job Openings: 38,000
and Repairers Self-Employed: 10.4%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, in- Examines object, system, or facilities, such as telephone, air
stallers, and repairers. Assigns workers to perform activi- conditioning, or industrial plant, and analyzes information
ties such as servicing appliances, repairing and maintaining to determine installation, service, or repair needed. Moni-
vehicles, and installing machinery and equipment. Confers tors operations and inspects, tests, and measures completed
with personnel, such as management, engineering, quality work, using devices such as hand tools, gauges, and specifi-
control, customers, and workers representatives, to coor- cations to verify conformance to standards. Computes esti-
dinate work activities and resolve problems. Recommends mates and actual costs of factors such as materials, labor,
or initiates personnel actions, such as employment, perfor- and outside contractors; prepares budgets. Patrols work area
mance evaluations, promotions, transfers, discharges, and and examines tools and equipment to detect unsafe condi-
disciplinary measures. Directs, coordinates, and assists in tions or violations of safety rules. Recommends measures
performance of workers activities, such as engine tune-up, such as procedural changes, service manuals revisions, and
hydroelectric turbine repair, or circuit breaker installation. equipment purchases to improve work performance and
_________________________________ First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Workers
minimize operating costs. Trains workers in methods, pro- rial Work in Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers. Other
cedures, and use of equipment and work aids such as blue- Job Titles in This Work Group: No other jobs are in this
prints, hand tools, and test equipment. Completes and work group. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. En-
maintains reports, such as time and production records, terprising occupations frequently involve starting up and
inventories, and test results. Requisitions materials and sup- carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
F
plies, such as tools, equipment, and replacement parts for ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
work activities. Establishes or adjusts work methods and require risk taking and often deal with business.
procedures to meet production schedules, using knowledge
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Opera-
of capacities of machines, equipment, and personnel. In-
tions Management and Supervision. RELATED
terprets specifications, blueprints, and job orders; constructs
templates and lays out reference points for workers. KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical
designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Administration and
identifying the best people for the job. Reading Compre-
in work-related documents. Active Listening: Giving full production methods, and coordination of people and re-
sources. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of
understand the points being made, asking questions as ap-
lection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
propriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Management of Material Resources: Obtaining and see-
ing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and
materials needed to do certain work. Management of Fi- tent of the English language, including the meaning and
nancial Resources: Determining how money will be spent
to get the work done and accounting for these expendi-
tures. Time Management: Managing ones own time and
the time of others.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, and services.
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.01. Manage-

Supervisors/Managers of Growth: 5.8%
Non-Retail Sales Workers Self-Employed: 36.9%
Part-Time: 8.2%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of sales work- merchandise displays and advertising copy. Listens to and
ers other than retail sales workers. May perform duties resolves customer complaints regarding service, product,
such as budgeting, accounting, and personnel work in or personnel. Examines merchandise to ensure that it is
addition to supervisory duties. Directs and supervises correctly priced or displayed or functions as advertised.
employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling Inventories stock and reorders when inventories drop to
cash receipts, or performing specific service such as pump- specified level. Examines products purchased for resale or
ing gasoline for customers. Plans and prepares work sched- received for storage to determine condition of product or
ules and assigns employees to specific duties. Hires, trains, item. Prepares rental or lease agreement specifying charges
and evaluates personnel in sales or marketing establish- and payment procedures for use of machinery, tools, or
ment. Coordinates sales promotion activities and prepares other such items. Formulates pricing policies on merchan-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
dise according to requirements for profitability of store pations can involve leading people and making many de-
operations. Keeps records pertaining to purchases, sales, cisions. They sometimes require risk taking and often deal
and requisitions. Assists sales staff in completing compli- with business.
cated and difficult sales. Prepares sales and inventory re-
ports for management and budget departments. Confers EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business,
Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services,
with company officials to develop methods and proce-
Other; General Merchandising, Sales, and Related Mar-
dures to increase sales, expand markets, and promote busi-
keting Operations, Other; Special Products Marketing
ness. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to
Operations; Specialized Merchandising, Sales, and Related
Marketing Operations, Other. RELATED KNOWL-
and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Coordina- EDGE/COURSESAdministration and Management:
tion: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Speak-
Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating, devel-
oping, and directing people as they work, identifying the
best people for the job. Mathematics: Using mathematics
to solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Understand- and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
tiation, and personnel information systems.
ments.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Sales
Marketing. Work Group: 10.01. Managerial Work in Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
and Marketing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This
Advertising and Promotions Managers; First-Line Super- includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon-
visors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers; Marketing Man- stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Eco-
agers; Sales Managers. PERSONALITY nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occu- banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

Growth: 9.4%
of Office and Administrative Annual Job Openings: 146,000
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Support Workers Part-Time: 3.3%
Supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and Administrative Support; First-Line Supervisors, Customer
administrative support workers. SKILLSNo data avail- Service. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
able.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business tural Business Technology; Customer Service Manage-
Detail. Work Group: 09.01. Managerial Work in Busi- ment; Medical/Health Management and Clinical Assistant/
ness Detail. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ad- Specialist; Office Management and Supervision. RE-
ministrative Services Managers; First-Line Supervisors, LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
_________________________________ First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Personal Service Workers

Supervisors/Managers of Growth: 15.1%
Personal Service Workers
F
Part-Time: 8.5%
Supervise and coordinate activities of personal service Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi-
workers, such as flight attendants, hairdressers, or cad- sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers;
dies. Supervises and coordinates activities of workers en- First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and
gaged in lodging and personal services. Observes and Janitorial Workers; Food Service Managers; Gaming Man-
evaluates workers appearance and performance to ensure agers; Gaming Supervisors; Housekeeping Supervisors;
quality service and compliance with specifications. Trains Janitorial Supervisors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and
workers in proper operational procedures and functions; Convention Planners. PERSONALITY TYPEEnter-
explains company policy. Analyzes and records personnel prising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve start-
and operational data and writes activity reports. Collabo- ing up and carrying out projects. These occupations can
rates with personnel to plan and develop programs of involve leading people and making many decisions. They
events, schedules of activities, and menus. Resolves cus- sometimes require risk taking and often deal with busi-
tomer complaints regarding worker performance and ser- ness.
vices rendered. Assigns work schedules, following work
requirements to ensure quality and timely delivery of ser- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
vices. Inspects work areas and operating equipment to available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAd-
ensure conformance to established standards. Furnishes ministration and Management: Knowledge of business
customers with information on events and activities. In- and management principles involved in strategic planning,
forms workers about interests of specific groups. Requisi- resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
tions supplies, equipment, and designated services to technique, production methods, and coordination of
ensure quality and timely service and efficient operations. people and resources. Customer and Personal Service:
SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in relation to Knowledge of principles and processes for providing cus-
others actions. Service Orientation: Actively looking for tomer and personal services. This includes customer needs
ways to help people. Active Listening: Giving full atten- assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and
tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un- evaluation of customer satisfaction. Personnel and Hu-
derstand the points being made, asking questions as man Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensa-
Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec- tion and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and
tively. Time Management: Managing ones own time and personnel information systems. English Language: Knowl-
the time of others. edge of the structure and content of the English language,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, position, and grammar. Education and Training: Knowl-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01. edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: and the measurement of training effects.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

of Police and Detectives Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 0%
Supervise and coordinate activities of members of police GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law
force. Prepares work schedules, assigns duties, and devel- Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.01.
ops and revises departmental procedures. Supervises and Managerial Work in Law, Law Enforcement, and Public
coordinates investigation of criminal cases. Disciplines staff Safety. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Emergency
for violation of department rules and regulations. Investi- Management Specialists; First-Line Supervisors/Managers
gates and resolves personnel problems within organization. of Correctional Officers; First-Line Supervisors/Manag-
Assists subordinates in performing job duties. Directs col- ers of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers; First-Line
lection, preparation, and handling of evidence and per- Supervisors/Managers, Protective Service Workers, All
sonal property of prisoners. Monitors and evaluates job Other; Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors;
performance of subordinates. Investigates charges of mis- Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors. PER-
conduct against staff. Cooperates with court personnel and SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupa-
officials from other law enforcement agencies and testifies tions frequently involve starting up and carrying out
in court. Prepares news releases and responds to police projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
correspondence. Reviews contents of written orders to making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
ensure adherence to legal requirements. Directs release or ing and often deal with business.
transfer of prisoners. Requisitions and issues department
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Correc-
equipment and supplies. Inspects facilities, supplies, ve-
hicles, and equipment to ensure conformance to standards. tions; Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration;
Criminal Justice/Safety Studies. RELATED KNOWL-
Prepares budgets and manages expenditures of department
EDGE/COURSESPublic Safety and Security: Knowl-
funds. Trains staff. Prepares reports and directs prepara-
edge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and
tion, handling, and maintenance of departmental records.
strategies to promote effective local, state, or national se-
Meets with civic, educational, and community groups to
curity operations for the protection of people, data, prop-
develop community programs and events and addresses
groups concerning law enforcement subjects. Conducts erty, and institutions. Administration and Management:
raids and orders detention of witnesses and suspects for
questioning. SKILLSManagement of Personnel Re-
sources: Motivating, developing, and directing people as
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Law
they work, identifying the best people for the job. Judg-
and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court
ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs
and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap- procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive
orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
propriate one. Coordination: Adjusting actions in rela-
Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of prin-
tion to others actions. Time Management: Managing
ciples and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection,
ones own time and the time of others. Management of
training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and
Financial Resources: Determining how money will be
negotiation, and personnel information systems. English
spent to get the work done and accounting for these ex-
penditures. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
__________________________ First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Production and Operating Workers

Growth: 1.0%
of Production and Operating Annual Job Openings: 71,000
F
Workers Self-Employed: 10.4%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Supervise and coordinate the activities of production and ematics to solve problems. Management of Material Re-
operating workers, such as inspectors, precision work- sources: Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of
ers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabrica- equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain
tors, and plant and system operators. Direct and coordinate work. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
the activities of employees engaged in production or pro- appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading Com-
cessing of goods. Plans and establishes work schedules, prehension: Understanding written sentences and para-
assignments, and production sequences to meet produc- graphs in work-related documents.
tion goals. Calculates labor and equipment requirements
and production specifications, using standard formulas.
Production. Work Group: 08.01. Managerial Work in
Determines standards, production, and rates based on
Industrial Production. Other Job Titles in This Work
company policy, equipment and labor availability, and
Group: First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers, La-
workload. Reviews operations and accounting records or
reports to determine the feasibility of production estimates borers, and Material Movers, Hand; Industrial Produc-
tion Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
and evaluate current production. Confers with manage-
Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
ment or subordinates to resolve worker problems, com-
and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
plaints, or grievances. Confers with other supervisors to
leading people and making many decisions. They some-
coordinate operations and activities within departments
or between departments. Reads and analyzes charts, work
orders, or production schedules to determine production EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Opera-
requirements. Maintains operations data, such as time, tions Management and Supervision. RELATED
production, and cost records, and prepares management KNOWLEDGE/COURSESProduction and Process-
reports. Recommends or implements measures to moti- ing: Knowledge of raw materials, production processes,
vate employees and improve production methods, equip- quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximiz-
ment performance, product quality, or efficiency. ing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Requisitions materials, supplies, equipment parts, or re- Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
pair services. Interprets specifications, blueprints, job or- ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
ders, and company policies and procedures for workers. ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
Inspects materials, products, or equipment to detect de- leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
fects or malfunctions. Demonstrates equipment operations nation of people and resources. Personnel and Human
or work procedures to new employees or assigns employ- Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for
ees to experienced workers for training. Monitors or pa- personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation
trols work area and enforces safety or sanitation regulations. and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and person-
Monitors gauges, dials, and other indicators to ensure nel information systems. Education and Training: Knowl-
operators conform to production or processing standards. edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
Sets up and adjusts machines and equipment. SKILLS design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac- and the measurement of training effects. Mathematics:
tions. Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating, Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
developing, and directing people as they work, identify- statistics and their applications.
ing the best people for the job. Mathematics: Using math-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

of Retail Sales Workers Self-Employed: 36.9%
Part-Time: 8.2%
Directly supervise sales workers in a retail establishment GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and
or department. Duties may include management func- Marketing. Work Group: 10.01. Managerial Work in Sales
tions, such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and and Marketing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties. Di- Advertising and Promotions Managers; First-Line Super-
rects and supervises employees engaged in sales, inven- visors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Workers; Marketing
tory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or performing Managers; Sales Managers. PERSONALITY TYPE
specific service such as pumping gasoline for customers. Enterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve
Plans and prepares work schedules and assigns employees starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations
to specific duties. Hires, trains, and evaluates personnel in can involve leading people and making many decisions.
sales or marketing establishment. Prepares sales and in- They sometimes require risk taking and often deal with
ventory reports for management and budget departments. business.
Confers with company officials to develop methods and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business,
procedures to increase sales, expand markets, and promote
business. Coordinates sales promotion activities and pre-
Other; Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management;
pares merchandise displays and advertising copy. Assists
E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce; Floriculture/Floristry
sales staff in completing complicated and difficult sales.
Operations and Management; Retailing and Retail Op-
Keeps records pertaining to purchases, sales, and requisi-
tions. Formulates pricing policies on merchandise accord- erations; Selling Skills and Sales Operations; Special Prod-
ucts Marketing Operations; Specialized Merchandising,
ing to requirements for profitability of store operations.
Sales, and Related Marketing Operations, Other. RE-
Examines products purchased for resale or received for stor-
age to determine condition of product or item. Prepares
rental or lease agreement specifying charges and payment
procedures for use of machinery, tools, or other such items.
Inventories stock and reorders when inventories drop to allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
specified level. Examines merchandise to ensure that it is
and resources. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
correctly priced or displayed or functions as advertised.
Listens to and resolves customer complaints regarding ser-
vice, product, or personnel. Keeps records of employees
work schedules and time cards. SKILLSSpeaking: Talk-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Coordi- tems. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
nation: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions.
ods for showing, promoting, and selling products or ser-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Mathematics: Using
mathematics to solve problems. Management of Person- Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
nel Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing
banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
people as they work, identifying the best people for the
job. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators
First-Line Supervisors/ Education/Training Required: Work experience

Managers of Transportation Annual Earnings: $41,140
Growth: 19.9%
and Material-Moving Machine Annual Job Openings: 17,000
F
and Vehicle Operators Self-Employed: 10.4%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Directly supervise and coordinate activities of transpor- written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
tation and material-moving machine and vehicle opera- ments. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to oth-
tors and helpers. Reviews orders, production schedules, ers actions. Management of Financial Resources:
and shipping/receiving notices to determine work sequence Determining how money will be spent to get the work
and material shipping dates, type, volume, and destina- done and accounting for these expenditures. Management
tions. Plans and establishes transportation routes, work of Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and di-
schedules, and assignments and allocates equipment to recting people as they work, identifying the best people
meet transportation, operations, or production goals. Di- for the job. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
rects workers in transportation or related services, such as other people are saying, taking time to understand the
pumping, moving, storing, and loading/unloading of points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
materials or people. Maintains or verifies time, transpor- not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talk-
tation, financial, inventory, and personnel records. Explains ing to others to convey information effectively.
and demonstrates work tasks to new workers or assigns
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta-
workers to experienced workers for further training. Re-
tion. Work Group: 07.01. Managerial Work in Transpor-
solves worker problems or assists workers in solving prob-
tation. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Railroad
lems. Computes and estimates cash, payroll,
Conductors and Yardmasters; Transportation Managers.
transportation, personnel, and storage requirements, us-
ing calculator. Requisitions needed personnel, supplies, PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
equipment, parts, or repair services. Recommends and
implements measures to improve worker motivation,
equipment performance, work methods, and customer
services. Prepares, compiles, and submits reports on work
activities, operations, production, and work-related acci- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
dents. Inspects or tests materials, stock, vehicles, equip- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
ment, and facilities to locate defects, meet maintenance Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for
or production specifications, and verify safety standards. moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
Interprets transportation and tariff regulations, shipping the relative costs and benefits. Administration and Man-
orders, safety regulations, and company policies and pro- agement: Knowledge of business and management prin-
cedures for workers. Recommends or implements person- ciples involved in strategic planning, resource allocation,
nel actions, such as hiring, firing, and performance human resources modeling, leadership technique, produc-
evaluations. Receives telephone or radio reports of emer- tion methods, and coordination of people and resources.
gencies and dispatches personnel and vehicle in response Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of prin-
to request. Confers with customers, supervisors, contrac- ciples and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection,
tors, and other personnel to exchange information and training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and
resolve problems. Assists workers in performing tasks such negotiation, and personnel information systems. Math-
as coupling railroad cars or loading vehicles. Repairs or ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
schedules repair and preventive maintenance of vehicles culus, and statistics and their applications. Economics and
and other equipment. Examines, measures, and weighs Accounting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
cargo or materials to determine specific handling require- ciples and practices, the financial markets, banking, and
ments. Drives vehicles or operates machines or equipment. the analysis and reporting of financial data.
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

vocational training
Fitness Trainers Annual Earnings: $23,340
Growth: 40.3%
and Aerobics Instructors Annual Job Openings: 19,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 42.5%
Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise ac- ing, Instructing, Officiating, and Performing. Other Job
tivities and the fundamentals of sports. Demonstrate Titles in This Work Group: Athletes and Sports Com-
techniques and methods of participation. Observe par- petitors; Coaches and Scouts; Umpires, Referees, and
ticipants and inform them of corrective measures neces- Other Sports Officials. PERSONALITY TYPESocial.
sary to improve their skills. Those required to hold Social occupations frequently involve working with, com-
teaching degrees should be reported in the appropriate municating with, and teaching people. These occupations
teaching category. Organizes and conducts competition often involve helping or providing service to others.
and tournaments. Selects, stores, orders, issues, and in-
ventories equipment, materials, and supplies. Advises par-
and Physical Education, General; Physical Education
ticipants in use of heat or ultraviolet treatments and hot
Teaching and Coaching; Sport and Fitness Administra-
baths. Teaches individual and team sports to participants,
tion/Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
utilizing knowledge of sports techniques and of physical
capabilities of participants. Explains and enforces safety
rules and regulations. Teaches and demonstrates use of
gymnastic and training apparatus, such as trampolines and
and the measurement of training effects. Psychology:
weights. Plans physical education program to promote
development of participant physical attributes and social
skills. Organizes, leads, instructs, and referees indoor and
outdoor games, such as volleyball, baseball, and basket-
ball. SKILLSInstructing: Teaching others how to do
disorders. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
something. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation
to others actions. Learning Strategies: Selecting and us-
ing training/instructional methods and procedures appro-
priate for the situation when learning or teaching new
customer satisfaction. Biology: Knowledge of plant and
things. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa-
tion effectively. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your
environment. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
to make improvements or take corrective action.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.10. Sports: Coach- grammar.
_______________________________________________________ Fitters, Structural MetalPrecision

on-the-job training
Fitters, Structural Metal Annual Earnings: $28,000
Growth: 19.5%
Precision Annual Job Openings: 20,000
F
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 3.4%
Lay out, position, align, and fit together fabricated parts Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders,
of structural metal products preparatory to welding or Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op-
riveting. Aligns parts, using jack, turnbuckles, wedges, drift erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con-
pins, pry bars, and hammer. Moves parts into position trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic;
manually or by hoist or crane. Marks reference points onto Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders;
floor or face block and transposes them to workpiece, us- Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op-
ing measuring devices, squares, chalk, and soapstone. Gives erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
directions to welder to build up low spots or short pieces ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting
with weld. Heat-treats parts with acetylene torch. Straight- and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
ens warped or bent parts, using sledge, hand torch, straight- Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
ening press, or bulldozer. Locates reference points, using Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
transit, and erects ladders and scaffolding to fit together Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
large assemblies. Removes high spots and cuts bevels, using Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
ing hand files, portable grinders, and cutting torch. Sets Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
up face block, jigs, and fixtures. Examines blueprints and chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
plans sequence of operation, applying knowledge of ge- truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
ometry, effects of heat, weld shrinkage, machining, and Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
metal thickness. Tack welds fitted parts together. Positions chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
or tightens braces, jacks, clamps, ropes, or bolt straps or Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
bolts parts in positions for welding or riveting. SKILLS Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
equipment needed to do a job. Reading Comprehension: Film Laboratory Technicians; Food and Tobacco Roast-
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in working, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders;
related documents. Critical Thinking: Using logic and Food Batchmakers; Food Cooking Machine Operators and
reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of al- Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Opera-
ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob- tors and Tenders; Glass Cutting Machine Setters and Set-
lems. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others Up Operators; Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products;
actions. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand; Hand Composi-
relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose tors and Typesetters; Heaters, Metal and Plastic; Helpers
the most appropriate one. Production Workers; Job Printers; others.
PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
frequently involve work activities that include practical,
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce- and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
closely with others.
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Machine
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and Shop Technology/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of edge of the practical application of engineering science and
materials, methods, and tools involved in the construction technology. This includes applying principles, techniques,
or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as procedures, and equipment to the design and production
highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical Devices: of various goods and services. Physics: Knowledge and pre-
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, diction of physical principles and laws and their interrela-
uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge tionships and applications to understanding fluid, material,
of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
their applications. Engineering and Technology: Knowl- atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.

training
Flight Attendants Growth: 18.4%
Self-Employed: 1.0%
Part-Time: 45.7%
Provide personal services to ensure the safety and com- tation Attendants, Except Flight Attendants and Baggage
fort of airline passengers during flight. Greet passengers, Porters. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
verify tickets, explain use of safety equipment, and serve prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
food or beverages. Greets passengers, verifies tickets, carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
records destinations, and directs passengers to assigned ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
seats. Explains use of safety equipment to passengers. Serves require risk taking and often deal with business.
prepared meals and beverages. Walks aisle of plane to verify
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Airline
that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior
to takeoff. Collects money for meals and beverages. Pre- Flight Attendant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
pares reports showing place of departure and destination,
passenger ticket numbers, meal and beverage inventories,
and lost and found articles. Administers first aid to pas-
sengers in distress when needed. Assists passengers in stor-
customer satisfaction. Public Safety and Security: Knowl-
ing carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under-seat
storage. SKILLSService Orientation: Actively looking edge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strat-
egies to promote effective local, state, or national security
for ways to help people. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware
operations for the protection of people, data, property,
and institutions. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of
they do. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
the information and techniques needed to diagnose and
treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This in-
people are saying, taking time to understand the points cludes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties
and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
terrupting at inappropriate times. Coordination: Adjust-
ing actions in relation to others actions.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.03. moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
Transportation and Lodging Services. Other Job Titles in the relative costs and benefits. Law and Government:
This Work Group: Baggage Porters and Bellhops; Con- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
cierges; Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks; Reserva- dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
tion and Transportation Ticket Agents; Reservation and rules, and the democratic political process.
Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks; Transpor-
____________________________________________________________________ Floral Designers

on-the-job training
Floral Designers Growth: 14.9%
F
Part-Time: 20.0%
Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Includ-
and foliage. Plans arrangement according to clients re- ing Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators; Graphic Design-
quirements, utilizing knowledge of design and properties ers; Interior Designers; Merchandise Displayers and
of materials, or selects appropriate standard design pat- Window Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists and Animators;
tern. Confers with client regarding price and type of ar- Painters and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit De-
rangement desired. Decorates buildings, halls, churches, signers; Set Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY
or other facilities where events are planned. Trims mate- TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
rial and arranges bouquets, wreaths, terrariums, and other working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often
items, using trimmers, shapers, wire, pin, floral tape, foam, require self-expression, and the work can be done without
and other materials. Selects flora and foliage for arrange- following a clear set of rules.
ment. Packs and wraps completed arrangements. Conducts
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Floricul-
classes or demonstrations; trains other workers. Estimates
ture/Floristry Operations and Management. RELATED
costs and prices arrangements. SKILLSLearning Strat-
egies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods KNOWLEDGE/COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of
the theory and techniques required to compose, produce,
and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn-
ing or teaching new things. Service Orientation: Actively
and sculpture. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
looking for ways to help people. Writing: Communicat-
edge of principles and processes for providing customer
the audience. Time Management: Managing ones own
time and the time of others. Instructing: Teaching others sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
ation of customer satisfaction. Design: Knowledge of
how to do something. Negotiation: Bringing others to-
design techniques, tools, and principles involved in pro-
gether and trying to reconcile differences. Monitoring:
duction of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings,
and models. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
corrective action.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- the measurement of training effects. Biology: Knowledge
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts. of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com- tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other
mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other; and the environment.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Food Preparation Workers Growth: 16.9%
Self-Employed: 0.3%
Part-Time: 57.4%
Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than Nonrestaurant; Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge,
cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slic- and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses. PERSONAL-
ing meat, and brewing coffee or tea. Cleans, portions, ITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
and cuts or peels various foods to prepare for cooking or involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
serving. Stores food in designated containers and storage problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
areas to prevent spoilage. Cleans and maintains work ar- mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
eas, equipment, and utensils. Butchers and cleans fowl, chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
fish, poultry, and shellfish to prepare for cooking or serv- and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely
ing. Requisitions, stores, and distributes food supplies, with others.
equipment, and utensils. Distributes food to waiters and
waitresses to serve to customers. Carries food supplies,
equipment, and utensils to and from storage and work and Related Culinary Arts, General; Food Preparation/
Professional Cooking/Kitchen Assistant; Institutional Food
areas. Portions and arranges food on serving dishes, trays,
Workers. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCus-
carts, or conveyor belts. Cleans, cuts, slices, or disjoints
meats and poultry to prepare for cooking. Prepares and
serves variety of beverages, such as coffee, tea, and soft
This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
drinks. Prepares variety of foods according to customers
orders or instructions of superior, following approved pro- ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
isfaction. Food Production: Knowledge of techniques and
cedures. SKILLSService Orientation: Actively looking
equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
for ways to help people.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, cluding storage/handling techniques. Public Safety and
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, pro-
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This cedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend- national security operations for the protection of people,
ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; data, property, and institutions. Principles of Mechanical
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ- Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Chemistry: Knowl-
Institution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short edge of the chemical composition, structure, and proper-
Order; Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, ties of substances and of the chemical processes and
and Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of
and Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
and Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Servers, techniques, and disposal methods.
_____________________________________________________________ Food Science Technicians

Food Science Technicians

Growth: 15.2%
F
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Perform standardized qualitative and quantitative tests Technicians; Animal Scientists; Biochemists; Biochemists
to determine physical or chemical properties of food or and Biophysicists; Biological Scientists, All Other; Biolo-
beverage products. Conducts standardized tests on food, gists; Biophysicists; Conservation Scientists; Environmen-
beverages, additives, and preservatives to ensure compli- tal Scientists and Specialists, Including Health;
ance to standards for factors such as color, texture, nutri- Epidemiologists; Food Scientists and Technologists; For-
ents, and coloring. Prepares slides and incubates slides with esters; Life Scientists, All Other; Medical Scientists, Ex-
cell cultures. Cleans and sterilizes laboratory equipment. cept Epidemiologists; Microbiologists; Plant Scientists;
Orders supplies to maintain inventory in laboratory or in Range Managers; Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Conserva-
storage facility of food or beverage processing plant. Mea- tionists; Soil Scientists; Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists.
sures, tests, and weighs bottles, cans, and other containers PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
to ensure that hardness, strength, and dimensions meet frequently involve work activities that include practical,
specifications. Records and compiles test results and pre- hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
pares graphs, charts, and reports. Tastes or smells food or plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
beverages to ensure that flavor meets specifications or to and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
select samples with specific characteristics. Computes outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
moisture or salt content, percentage of ingredients, for- closely with others.
mulas, or other product factors, using mathematical and
chemical procedures. Examines chemical and biological EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Food Sci-
ence. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChem-
samples to identify cell structure, bacteria, or extraneous
material, using microscope. Mixes, blends, or cultivates
ingredients to make reagents or to manufacture food or
beverage products. Analyzes test results to classify product
or compares results with standard tables. SKILLSMath-
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Reading tion techniques, and disposal methods. Biology: Knowl-
edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
other and the environment. Mathematics: Knowledge of
of the audience. Active Learning: Understanding the im-
their applications. English Language: Knowledge of the
problem-solving and decision-making. Science: Using sci- structure and content of the English language, including
entific rules and methods to solve problems.
and grammar. Food Production: Knowledge of techniques
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.03. Life Sci- products (both plant and animal) for consumption, in-
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul- cluding storage/handling techniques.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant Growth: 16.4%
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Part-Time: 58.2%
Serve food to patrons outside of a restaurant environ- ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks,
ment, such as in hotels, hospital rooms, or cars. Prepares Institution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short
and delivers food trays. Washes dishes and cleans work Order; Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession,
area, tables, cabinets, and ovens; sweeps service area with and Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants
broom. Restocks service counter with items such as ice, and Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation
napkins, and straws. Totals and presents check to customer and Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Prepara-
and accepts payment for service. Records amount and types tion Workers; Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge,
of special food items served to customers. Prepares foun- and Coffee Shop; Waiters and Waitresses. PERSONAL-
tain drinks, such as sodas, milkshakes, and malted milks. ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
Prepares food items, such as sandwiches, salads, soups, and working with, communicating with, and teaching people.
beverages, and places items such as eating utensils, nap- These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
kins, and condiments on trays. Reads orders to determine vice to others.
items to place on food tray. Examines filled tray for com-
pleteness. Takes order and relays order to kitchen or serv-
ing counter to be filled. Carries silverware, linen, and food
Manager. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCus-
on tray or uses cart. Removes tray and stacks dishes for
return to kitchen. Pushes carts to rooms and serves trays
to patients or guests. Apportions and places food servings processes for providing customer and personal services. This
on plates and trays according to order or instructions.
SKILLSService Orientation: Actively looking for ways
to help people. Speaking: Talking to others to convey in-
formation effectively.
guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. rules of composition, and grammar. Sales and Marketing:
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, pro-
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend- moting, and selling products or services. This includes
ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ- techniques, and sales control systems.

Food Service Managers Growth: 15.0%
Part-Time: 8.5%
Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization preparation, serving, and building maintenance in lodg-
or department that serves food and beverages. Monitors ing and dining facility. Coordinates assignments of cook-
compliance with health and fire regulations regarding food ing personnel to ensure economical use of food and timely
______________________________________________________________ Food Service Managers
preparation. Estimates food, liquor, wine, and other bev- Janitorial Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
erage consumption to anticipate amount to be purchased Personal Service Workers; Gaming Managers; Gaming
or requisitioned. Organizes and directs worker training Supervisors; Housekeeping Supervisors; Janitorial Super-
programs, resolves personnel problems, hires new staff, and visors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention Plan-
evaluates employee performance in dining and lodging ners. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising
F
facilities. Plans menus and food utilization based on an- occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying
ticipated number of guests, nutritional value, palatability, out projects. These occupations can involve leading people
popularity, and costs. Monitors food preparation and and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk
methods, size of portions, and garnishing and presenta- taking and often deal with business.
tion of food to ensure that food is prepared and presented
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Hospital-
in accepted manner. Investigates and resolves complaints
ity Administration/Management, General; Hotel/Motel
regarding food quality, service, or accommodations. Cre-
Administration/Management; Restaurant, Culinary, and
ates specialty dishes and develops recipes to be used in
Catering Management/Manager; Restaurant/Food Services
dining facility. Tests cooked food by tasting and smelling
Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
to ensure palatability and flavor conformity. Keeps records
required by government agencies regarding sanitation and
regarding food subsidies where indicated. Establishes and
enforces nutrition standards for dining establishment based
on accepted industry standards. Reviews menus and ana-
coordination of people and resources. Customer and Per-
lyzes recipes to determine labor and overhead costs and
sonal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for
assigns prices to menu items. Monitors budget and pay-
providing customer and personal services. This includes
roll records and reviews financial transactions to ensure
expenditures are authorized and budgeted. SKILLS
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Econom-
ics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and account-
tions. Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating,
ing principles and practices, the financial markets, banking,
developing, and directing people as they work, identify-
and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Educa-
ing the best people for the job. Speaking: Talking to oth-
ers to convey information effectively. Monitoring:
tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
training effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
corrective action. Time Management: Managing ones
own time and the time of others.
cations. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, se-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01. lection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- tions and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi- ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers; fective local, state, or national security operations for the
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Foreign Language

and Literature Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in foreign (i.e., other than English) lan- cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
guages and literature. Prepares and delivers lectures to stu- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
dents. Compiles, administers, and grades examinations or Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
assigns this work to others. Compiles bibliographies of Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
specialized materials for outside reading assignments. ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
Stimulates class discussions. Advises students on academic Home Management Advisors; Forestry and Conservation
and vocational curricula. Directs research of other teach- Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
ers or graduate students working for advanced academic Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
degrees. Conducts research in particular field of knowl- cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
edge and publishes findings in professional journals. Acts Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
as adviser to student organizations. Serves on faculty com- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
mittee providing professional consulting services to gov- Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
ernment and industry. SKILLSReading Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
paragraphs in work-related documents. Speaking: Talk- Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
ing to others to convey information effectively. Instruct- Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
ing: Teaching others how to do something. Writing: vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
the needs of the audience. Learning Strategies: Selecting Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
and using training/instructional methods and procedures Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
new things. Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education frequently involve working with forms, designs, and pat-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)African
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Albanian Language
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, and Literature; American Indian/Native American Lan-
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, guages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Ancient Near East-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, ern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics;
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Ancient/Classical Greek Language and Literature; Arabic
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- Language and Literature; Australian/Oceanic/Pacific Lan-
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- guages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Bahasa Indonesian/
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Bahasa Malay Languages and Literatures; Baltic Languages,
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Literatures, and Linguistics; Bengali Language and Lit-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; erature; Bulgarian Language and Literature; Burmese Lan-
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, guage and Literature; Catalan Language and Literature;
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, Celtic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Chinese
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Language and Literature; Classics and Classical Languages,
____________________________________________ Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors
Literatures, and Linguistics, General; Classics and Classi- COURSESEnglish Language: Knowledge of the struc-
cal Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other; Czech ture and content of the English language, including the
Language and Literature; Danish Language and Litera- meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
ture; Dutch/Flemish Language and Literature; East Asian grammar. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General; East Asian ciples and methods for curriculum and training design,
F
Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other; Filipino/ teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and
Tagalog Language and Literature; Finnish and Related the measurement of training effects. Foreign Language:
Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Foreign Languages Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-
and Literatures, General; Foreign Languages, Literatures, English) language, including the meaning and spelling of
and Linguistics, Other; French Language and Literature; words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronun-
German Language and Literature; Germanic Languages, ciation. Communications and Media: Knowledge of me-
Literatures, and Linguistics, General; Germanic Languages, dia production, communication, and dissemination
Literatures, and Linguistics, Other; Hebrew Language and techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
Literature; Hindi Language and Literature; Hungarian/ to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
Magyar Language and Literature; Iranian/Persian Lan- dia. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
guages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Italian Language and clerical procedures and systems, such as word processing,
Literature; Japanese Language and Literature; Khmer/ managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
Cambodian Language and Literature; Korean Language designing forms, and other office procedures and termi-
and Literature; Language Interpretation and Translation; nology. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of cir-
Lao/Laotian Language and Literature; Latin Language and cuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Literature; Latin Teacher Education; Linguistics; Middle/ computer hardware and software, including applications
Near Eastern and Semitic Languages, Literatures, and Lin- and programming.
guistics, Other; others. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

Forest Fire Fighting and Annual Earnings: $53,420
Growth: 16.7%
Prevention Supervisors Annual Job Openings: 5,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.1%
Supervise fire fighters who control and suppress fires in cision Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits
forests or vacant public land. Dispatches crews according of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
to reported size, location, and condition of forest fires. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or
Trains workers in parachute jumping, fire suppression, aerial that of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
observation, and radio communication. Parachutes to major ments or take corrective action. Service Orientation: Ac-
fire locations and directs fire containment and suppression tively looking for ways to help people. Instructing: Teaching
activities. Maintains radio communication with crews at others how to do something.
fire scene to inform crew and base of changing conditions
and learn of casualties. Observes fire and crews from air to
determine force requirements and note changing condi- Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.01.
Managerial Work in Law, Law Enforcement, and Public
tions. Directs loading of fire suppression equipment into
Safety. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Emergency
aircraft and parachuting of equipment to crews on ground.
Management Specialists; First-Line Supervisors/Managers
of Correctional Officers; First-Line Supervisors/Manag-
ers of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers; First-Line
identifying the best people for the job. Judgment and De- Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives; First-Line
Supervisors/Managers, Protective Service Workers, All
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Other; Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervi- tions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
sors. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occu- stitutions. Transportation: Knowledge of principles and
pations frequently involve work activities that include methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often road, including the relative costs and benefits. Adminis-
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like tration and Management: Knowledge of business and
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
work or working closely with others. technique, production methods, and coordination of people
and resources. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Fire Pro-
tection and Safety Technology/Technician; Fire Services teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and
Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
the measurement of training effects. Telecommunications:
COURSESPublic Safety and Security: Knowledge of
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, con-
trol, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Forestry and Conservation
Science Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in environmental and conservation sci- information for both current and future problem-solving
ence. Prepares and delivers lectures to students. Compiles, and decision-making.
administers, and grades examinations or assigns this work
to others. Advises students on academic and vocational
curricula. Conducts research in particular field of knowl-
edge and publishes findings in professional journals. Serves
on faculty committee providing professional consulting
services to government and industry. Acts as adviser to Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
student organizations. Directs research of other teachers
or graduate students working for advanced academic de-
grees. Stimulates class discussions. Compiles bibliographies
of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary;
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Learn-
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
ing Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci-
methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
learning or teaching new things. Writing: Communicat-
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
the audience. Science: Using scientific rules and methods ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
to solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using logic and rea-
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new
_______________________________________________ Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Science

Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education.
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation
Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His- and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for
tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction
F
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu- for individuals and groups, and the measurement of train-
cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library ing effects. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal or-
Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers, ganisms and their tissues, cells, functions,
Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science interdependencies, and interactions with each other and
Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except the environment. Psychology: Knowledge of human be-
Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians havior and performance; individual differences in ability,
and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, ment of behavioral and affective disorders. Chemistry:
Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, properties of substances and of the chemical processes and
Except Special Education; Psychology Teachers, transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of
Postsecondary; others. PERSONALITY TYPEInvesti- chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
gative. Investigative occupations frequently involve work- techniques, and disposal methods. English Language:
ing with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig- language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
uring out problems mentally. rules of composition, and grammar.

training
Freight, Stock, and Material Annual Earnings: $19,440
Growth: 13.9%
Movers, Hand Annual Job Openings: 519,000
Self-Employed: 2.1%
Part-Time: 38.4%
Load, unload and move materials at plant, yard, or other determine work assignment. Shovels materials, such as
work site. Loads and unloads materials to and from des- gravel, ice, or spilled concrete, into containers or bins or
ignated storage areas, such as racks and shelves, or vehicles, onto conveyors. Directs spouts and positions receptacles,
such as trucks. Stacks or piles materials, such as lumber, such as bins, carts, and containers, to receive loads. Trans-
boards, or pallets. Bundles and bands material, such as ports receptacles to and from designated areas, by hand or
fodder and tobacco leaves, using banding machines. Sorts using dollies, hand trucks, and wheelbarrows. Secures lift-
and stores items according to specifications. Assembles ing attachments to materials and conveys load to destina-
product containers and crates, using hand tools and precut tion, using crane or hoist. SKILLSEquipment
lumber. Adjusts or replaces equipment parts, such as roll- Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
ers, belts, plugs and caps, using hand tools. Records num- needed to do a job. Active Listening: Giving full atten-
ber of units handled and moved, using daily production tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un-
sheet or work tickets. Attaches identifying tags or marks derstand the points being made, asking questions as
information on containers. Cleans work area, using appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
brooms, rags, and cleaning compounds. Installs protec- Installation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or
tive devices, such as bracing, padding or strapping, to pre- programs to meet specifications.
vent shifting or damage to items being transported. Reads
work orders or receives and listens to oral instructions to
Production. Work Group: 08.07. Hands-on Work: Load-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
ing, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying. Other Job Titles duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
in This Work Group: Conveyor Operators and Tenders; duction processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
Crane and Tower Operators; Dragline Operators; Exca- niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
vating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators; distribution of goods. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
Hoist and Winch Operators; Industrial Truck and Tractor Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
Operators; Irradiated-Fuel Handlers; Laborers and Freight, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and Technol-
Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Machine Feeders and ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
Offbearers; Material Moving Workers, All Other; Packers ing science and technology. This includes applying
and Packagers, Hand; Pump Operators, Except Wellhead principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
Pumpers; Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors; Tank design and production of various goods and services. Cleri-
Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders. PERSONALITY TYPE cal Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical pro-
Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work cedures and systems, such as word processing, managing
activities that include practical, hands-on problems and files and records, stenography and transcription, design-
solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real- ing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles
the occupations require working outside and do not in- and laws and their interrelationships and applications to
volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics
and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic struc-
tures and processes.

on-the-job training
Gaming Cage Workers Growth: 25.2%
Part-Time: No data available
In a gaming establishment, conduct financial transac- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
tions for patrons. May reconcile daily summaries of trans- Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job
actions to balance books. Accept patrons credit Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and
application and verify credit references to provide check- Account Collectors; Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks;
cashing authorization or to establish house credit ac- Customer Service Representatives; Customer Service Rep-
counts. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to resentatives, Utilities; Gaming Change Persons and Booth
patrons or to other workers for resale to patrons. May Cashiers; New Accounts Clerks; Order Clerks; Reception-
convert gaming chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon ists and Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks. PER-
patrons request. May use a cash register or computer to SONALITY TYPENo data available.
record transaction. SKILLSNo data available.
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
____________________________________________________________________ Gaming Dealers

training
Gaming Change Persons and Annual Earnings: $18,990
Growth: 36.1%
Booth Cashiers Annual Job Openings: 13,000
Self-Employed: 1.1%
Part-Time: 57.2%
Exchange coins and tokens for patrons money. May is- Account Collectors; Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks;
sue payoffs and obtain customers signature on receipt Customer Service Representatives; Customer Service Rep-
when winnings exceed the amount held in the slot ma- resentatives, Utilities; Gaming Cage Workers; New Ac-
chine. May operate a booth in the slot machine area and counts Clerks; Order Clerks; Receptionists and
furnish change persons with money bank at the start of Information Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks. PERSONAL-
the shift or count and audit money in drawers. SKILLS ITY TYPENo data available.
G
No data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business and Retail Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job COURSESNo data available.
Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and

vocational training
Gaming Dealers Growth: 32.4%
Self-Employed: 0.7%
Part-Time: 48.8%
Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and op- Recreational Services. Other Job Titles in This Work
erate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate Group: Amusement and Recreation Attendants; Enter-
number of cards or blocks to players or operating other tainment Attendants and Related Workers, All Other;
gaming equipment. Compare the houses hand against Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Runners; Gaming
players hands and pay off or collect players money or Service Workers, All Other; Motion Picture Projection-
chips. Conducts gambling table or game, such as dice, ists; Recreation Workers; Slot Key Persons; Tour Guides
roulette, cards, or keno, and ensures that game rules are and Escorts; Travel Guides; Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and
followed. Exchanges paper currency for playing chips or Ticket Takers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
coin money and collects game fees or wagers. Verifies, com- Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
putes, and pays out winnings. Participates in game for and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
gambling establishment to provide minimum complement leading people and making many decisions. They some-
of players at table. Prepares collection report for submis- times require risk taking and often deal with business.
sion to supervisor. Seats patrons at gaming tables. Sells EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
food, beverages, and tobacco to players. SKILLSSer-
vice Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help people.
Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or
ments or take corrective action.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, satisfaction. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.02. algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
applications. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of prin- and grammar. Law and Government: Knowledge of laws,
ciples and methods for showing, promoting, and selling legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government
products or services. This includes marketing strategy and regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the demo-
tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales cratic political process. Education and Training: Knowl-
control systems. English Language: Knowledge of the edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
structure and content of the English language, including design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and the measurement of training effects.

plus degree
Gaming Managers Growth: 30.0%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Plan, organize, direct, control, or coordinate gaming GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
operations in a casino. Formulate gaming policies for Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01.
their area of responsibility. Reviews operational expenses, Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per-
budget estimates, betting accounts, and collection reports sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
for accuracy. Observes and supervises operation to ensure Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi-
that employees render prompt and courteous service to sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers;
patrons. Establishes policies on types of gambling offered, First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and
odds, extension of credit, and serving of food and bever- Janitorial Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
ages. Directs workers compiling summary sheets for each Personal Service Workers; Food Service Managers; Gam-
race or event to show amount wagered and amount to be ing Supervisors; Housekeeping Supervisors; Janitorial Su-
paid to winners. Trains new workers and evaluates their pervisors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention
performance. Records, issues receipts for, and pays off bets. Planners. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
Explains and interprets house rules, such as game rules prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
and betting limits, to patrons. Interviews and hires work- carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
ers. Resolves customer complaints regarding service. Pre- ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
pares work schedules, assigns work stations, and keeps require risk taking and often deal with business.
attendance records. SKILLSManagement of Person-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Personal
nel Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing
and Culinary Services, Other. RELATED KNOWL-
job. Management of Financial Resources: Determining
how money will be spent to get the work done and ac-
counting for these expenditures. Critical Thinking: Us- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
ing logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Eco-
nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
proaches to problems. Speaking: Talking to others to con-
vey information effectively. Reading Comprehension:
related documents. Mathematics: Using mathematics to Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of prin-
solve problems. Time Management: Managing ones own
time and the time of others.
negotiation, and personnel information systems. Math-
_________________________________________________________________ Gaming Supervisors
ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal- for providing customer and personal services. This includes
culus, and statistics and their applications. Customer and customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

vocational training
Gaming Supervisors Growth: 18.4%
Self-Employed: 0.7%
Part-Time: 48.8%
Supervise gaming operations and personnel in an as- Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per-
signed area. Circulate among tables and observe opera- sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
G
tions. Ensure that stations and games are covered for Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi-
each shift. May explain and interpret operating rules of sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers;
house to patrons. May plan and organize activities and First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and
create friendly atmosphere for guests in hotels/casinos. Janitorial Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of
May adjust service complaints. Reviews operational ex- Personal Service Workers; Food Service Managers; Gam-
penses, budget estimates, betting accounts, and collection ing Managers; Housekeeping Supervisors; Janitorial Su-
reports for accuracy. Observes and supervises operation to pervisors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention
ensure that employees render prompt and courteous ser- Planners. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
vice to patrons. Establishes policies on types of gambling prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
offered, odds, extension of credit, and serving food and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
beverages. Directs workers compiling summary sheets for ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
each race or event to show amount wagered and amount require risk taking and often deal with business.
to be paid to winners. Prepares work schedules, assigns
work stations, and keeps attendance records. Resolves cus-
available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAd-
tomer complaints regarding service. Interviews and hires
workers. Trains new workers and evaluates their perfor-
mance. Explains and interprets house rules, such as game and management principles involved in strategic planning,
resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
rules and betting limits, to patrons. Records, issues receipts
for, and pays off bets. SKILLSManagement of Finan-
people and resources. Economics and Accounting: Knowl-
cial Resources: Determining how money will be spent to
get the work done and accounting for these expenditures.
oping, and directing people as they work, identifying the porting of financial data. Personnel and Human Re-
sources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for
best people for the job. Critical Thinking: Using logic
nel information systems. Customer and Personal Service:
lems. Speaking: Talking to others to convey information
effectively. Time Management: Managing ones own time
and the time of others. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assess- tomer and personal services. This includes customer needs
ing your performance or that of other individuals or orga-
evaluation of customer satisfaction. Mathematics: Knowl-
nizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
tics and their applications.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

plus degree
General and Operations Annual Earnings: $65,010
Growth: 15.2%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of companies agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral
or public and private sector organizations. Duties and Directors; Government Service Executives; Human Re-
responsibilities include formulating policies, managing sources Managers; Human Resources Managers, All Other;
daily operations, and planning the use of materials and Legislators; Managers, All Other; Postmasters and Mail
human resources, but are too diverse and general in na- Superintendents; Private Sector Executives; Property, Real
ture to be classified in any one functional area of man- Estate, and Community Association Managers; Public
agement or administration, such as personnel, Relations Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and
purchasing, or administrative services. Includes owners Distribution Managers; Training and Development Man-
and managers who head small business establishments agers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Manag-
whose duties are primarily managerial. SKILLSNo data ers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers.
available. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General Administration and Management, General; Business/
Management Work and Management of Support Func- Commerce, General; Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex- Studies; International Business/Trade/Commerce; Public
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- COURSESNo data available.

Geographers

Growth: 17.2%
Self-Employed: 7.6%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Study nature and use of areas of earths surface, relating ernments and organizations on ethnic and natural bound-
and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phe- aries between nation or administrative areas. Studies popu-
nomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a relation characteristics within area, such as ethnic
gion, including land forms, climates, soils, plants and distribution and economic activity. Constructs and inter-
animals, and conduct research on the spatial implica- prets maps, graphs, and diagrams. Prepares environmen-
tions of human activities within a given area, including tal impact reports based on results of study. Uses surveying
social characteristics, economic activities, and political equipment to assess geology, physics, and biology within
organization, as well as researching interdependence be- given area. SKILLSWriting: Communicating effectively
tween regions at scales ranging from local to global. in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Collects data on physical characteristics of specified area, Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
such as geological formation, climate, and vegetation, us- tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Math-
ing surveying or meteorological equipment. Advises gov- ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Critical
____________________________________________________ Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Geogra-

strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- phy. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESGeogra-
sions, or approaches to problems. Speaking: Talking to phy: Knowledge of principles and methods for describing
others to convey information effectively. Active Learning: the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their
Understanding the implications of new information for physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and
both current and future problem-solving and decision- distribution of plant, animal, and human life. Sociology
making. and Anthropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dy-
namics, societal trends and influences, human migrations,
ethnicity, and cultures and their history and origins. Biol-
ogy: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their
Sciences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Astrono- tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions
mers; Atmospheric and Space Scientists; Chemists; Ge-
with each other and the environment. Physics: Knowledge
ologists; Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and
and prediction of physical principles and laws and their
Geographers; Hydrologists; Materials Scientists; Physical
interrelationships and applications to understanding fluid,
Scientists, All Other; Physicists. PERSONALITY
G
involve working with ideas and require an extensive Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
calculus, and statistics and their applications.

Geography Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in geography. SKILLSNo data available. cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary;
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, History Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teach-
ers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Li-
brary Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy
and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Geogra-

Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY phy; Geography Teacher Education. RELATED
TYPENo data available. KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Geologists

Growth: 18.1%
Part-Time: 6.3%
Study composition, structure, and history of the earths appropriate for the needs of the audience. Active Learn-
crust; examine rocks, minerals, and fossil remains to iden- ing: Understanding the implications of new information
tify and determine the sequence of processes affecting for both current and future problem-solving and decision-
the development of the earth; apply knowledge of chem- making.
istry, physics, biology, and mathematics to explain these
phenomena and to help locate mineral and petroleum GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.02. Physical Sci-
deposits and underground water resources; prepare geo-
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Astrono-
logic reports and maps; and interpret research data to
mers; Atmospheric and Space Scientists; Chemists;
recommend further action for study. Studies, examines,
Geographers; Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Ge-
measures, and classifies composition, structure, and his-
ographers; Hydrologists; Materials Scientists; Physical Sci-
tory of earths crust, including rocks, minerals, fossils, soil,
and ocean floor. Prepares geological reports, maps, charts, entists, All Other; Physicists. PERSONALITY
and diagrams. Analyzes engineering problems at construc-
tion projects, such as dams, tunnels, and large buildings,
applying geological knowledge. Inspects proposed con-
struction site and sets up test equipment and drilling ma-
chinery. Recommends and prepares reports on foundation EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Geochem-
design, acquisition, retention, or release of property leases istry; Geochemistry and Petrology; Geological and Earth
or areas of further research. Develops instruments for geo- Sciences/Geosciences, Other; Geology/Earth Science, Gen-
logical work, such as diamond tool and dies, jeweled bear- eral; Geophysics and Seismology; Oceanography, Chemi-
ings, and grinding laps and wheels. Measures characteristics cal and Physical; Paleontology. RELATED
of earth, using seismograph, gravimeter, torsion balance, KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPhysics: Knowledge and
magnetometer, pendulum devices, and electrical resistiv- prediction of physical principles and laws and their inter-
ity apparatus. Tests industrial diamonds and abrasives, soil, relationships and applications to understanding fluid, ma-
or rocks to determine geological characteristics, using op- terial, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
tical, X-ray, heat, acid, and precision instruments. Inter- atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes. Math-
prets research data and recommends further study or ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
action. Locates and estimates probable gas and oil depos- culus, and statistics and their applications. Engineering and
its, using aerial photographs, charts, and research and sur- Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
vey results. Identifies and determines sequence of processes engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
affecting development of earth. SKILLSMathematics: ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
Using mathematics to solve problems. Technology De- the design and production of various goods and services.
sign: Generating or adapting equipment and technology Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc-
to serve user needs. Reading Comprehension: Understand- ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro-
ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu- cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes
ments. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, pro-
________________________________________________________ Government Service Executives
duction techniques, and disposal methods. English Lan- glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En- rules of composition, and grammar.

Geoscientists, Except
Hydrologists and

Growth: 18.1%
Geographers

Part-Time: 6.3%
Study the composition, structure, and other physical as- Sciences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Astrono-
pects of the earth. May use geological, physics, and math- mers; Atmospheric and Space Scientists; Chemists; Geog-
ematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, raphers; Geologists; Hydrologists; Materials Scientists;
G
or underground water or in waste disposal, land recla- Physical Scientists, All Other; Physicists. PERSONAL-
mation, or other environmental problems. May study ITY TYPENo data available.
the earths internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans
and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. In-
Geochemistry; Geochemistry and Petrology; Geological
cludes mineralogists, crystallographers, paleontologists,
stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists. SKILLS and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other; Geology/Earth
Science, General; Geophysics and Seismology; Oceanog-
No data available.
raphy, Chemical and Physical; Paleontology. RELATED
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

plus degree
Government Service Annual Earnings: $120,450
Growth: 17.2%
Executives Annual Job Openings: 48,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 5.8%
Determine and formulate policies and provide overall ments, and increase productivity. Negotiates contracts and
direction of federal, state, local, or international govern- agreements with federal and state agencies and other or-
ment activities. Plan, direct, and coordinate operational ganizations and prepares budget for funding and imple-
activities at the highest level of management with the mentation of programs. Implements corrective action plan
help of subordinate managers. Directs organization to solve problems. Reviews and analyzes legislation, laws,
charged with administering and monitoring regulated ac- and public policy and recommends changes to promote
tivities to interpret and clarify laws and ensure compli- and support interests of general population as well as spe-
ance with laws. Administers, interprets, and explains cial groups. Develops, directs, and coordinates testing,
policies, rules, regulations, and laws to organizations and hiring, training, and evaluation of staff personnel. Estab-
individuals under authority of commission or applicable lishes and maintains comprehensive and current record-
legislation. Develops, plans, organizes, and administers keeping system of activities and operational procedures in
policies and procedures for organization to ensure admin- business office. Testifies in court, before control or review
istrative and operational objectives are met. Directs and board, or at legislature. Participates in activities to pro-
coordinates activities of workers in public organization to mote business and expand services and provides technical
ensure continuing operations, maximize returns on invest- assistance in conducting of conferences, seminars, and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
workshops. Delivers speeches, writes articles, and presents Directors; General and Operations Managers; Human
information for organization at meetings or conventions Resources Managers; Human Resources Managers, All
to promote services, exchange ideas, and accomplish ob- Other; Legislators; Managers, All Other; Postmasters and
jectives. Plans, promotes, organizes, and coordinates pub- Mail Superintendents; Private Sector Executives; Property,
lic community service program and maintains cooperative Real Estate, and Community Association Managers; Pub-
working relationships among public and agency partici- lic Relations Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and
pants. Conducts or directs investigations or hearings to Distribution Managers; Training and Development Man-
resolve complaints and violations of laws. Prepares, reviews, agers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Manag-
and submits reports concerning activities, expenses, bud- ers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers.
get, government statutes and rulings, and other items af- PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
fecting business or program services. Directs, coordinates, cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
and conducts activities between United States government projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
and foreign entities to provide information to promote making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
international interest and harmony. Evaluates findings of ing and often deal with business.
investigations, surveys, and studies to formulate policies
and techniques and recommend improvements for per-
sonnel actions, programs, or business services. Consults Administration and Management, General; Business/
Commerce, General; Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial
with staff and others in government, business, and private
Studies; International Business/Trade/Commerce; Public
organizations to discuss issues, coordinate activities, and
Administration; Public Administration and Social Service
resolve problems. Directs and conducts studies and re-
Professions, Other; Public Policy Analysis. RELATED
search; prepares reports and other publications relating to
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministration and Man-
operational trends and program objectives and accomplish-
ments. Prepares budget and directs and monitors expen- agement: Knowledge of business and management prin-
ciples involved in strategic planning, resource allocation,
ditures of department funds. SKILLSCoordination:
human resources modeling, leadership technique, produc-
Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Judgment
tion methods, and coordination of people and resources.
and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and
Law and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes,
benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropri-
court procedures, precedents, government regulations,
ate one. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor-
mance or that of other individuals or organizations to make executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic politi-
cal process. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
improvements or take corrective action. Critical Think-
grammar. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
approaches to problems. Systems Evaluation: Identifying
measures or indicators of system performance and the ac-
tions needed to improve or correct performance relative teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and
the measurement of training effects. Economics and Ac-
to the goals of the system.
counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General ciples and practices, the financial markets, banking, and
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General the analysis and reporting of financial data. Personnel and
Management Work and Management of Support Func- Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and proce-
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex- dures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, com-
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, pensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation,
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- and personnel information systems.
agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral
________________________________________________ Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators

on-the-job training
Grader, Bulldozer, Annual Earnings: $34,160
Growth: 6.9%
and Scraper Operators Annual Job Openings: 25,000
Self-Employed: 8.4%
Part-Time: 5.0%
Operate machines or vehicles equipped with blades to Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers;
remove, distribute, level, or grade earth. Starts engine; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumb-
moves throttle, switches, and levers; and depresses pedals ers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track
to operate machines, equipment, and attachments. Drives Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refrac-
equipment in successive passes over working area to achieve tory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforc-
specified result, such as grading terrain or removing, dump- ing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough
G
ing, or spreading earth and rock. Aligns machine, Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers;
cutterhead, or depth gauge marker with reference stakes Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters
and guidelines on ground or positions equipment follow- and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons;
ing hand signals of assistant. Fastens bulldozer blade or Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers
other attachment to tractor, using hitches. Greases, oils, and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY
and performs minor repairs on tractor, using grease gun, TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
oilcans, and hand tools. Signals operator to guide move- work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
ment of tractor-drawn machine. Connects hydraulic hoses, and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
belts, mechanical linkage, or power takeoff shaft to trac- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
tor. SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling op- of the occupations require working outside and do not
erations of equipment or systems. Equipment Selection: involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Con-
do a job. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials,
struction/Heavy Equipment/Earthmoving Equipment
or other indicators to make sure a machine is working
Operation; Mobile Crane Operation/Operator. RE-
properly.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet the relative costs and benefits. Physics: Knowledge and
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and prediction of physical principles and laws and their inter-
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction relationships and applications to understanding fluid,
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, elec-
Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance trical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practi-
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders cal application of engineering science and technology. This
and Finishers; Glaziers; Hazardous Materials Removal includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; equipment to the design and production of various goods
Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and services. Building and Construction: Knowledge of
and Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Oper- materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
ating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Op- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
erators; Painters, Construction and Maintenance; such as highways and roads.
Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Graduate Teaching

Growth: 23.5%
Assistants

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Assist department chairperson, faculty members, or other Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
professional staff members in college or university by ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
performing teaching or teaching-related duties, such as Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
teaching lower-level courses, developing teaching mate- Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
rials, preparing and giving examinations, and grading Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
examinations or papers. Graduate assistants must be ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
enrolled in a graduate school program. Graduate assis- ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
tants who primarily perform non-teaching duties, such Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
as laboratory research, should be reported in the occu- Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
pational category related to the work performed. Devel- Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ops teaching materials, such as syllabi and visual aids. Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Health Specialties
Assists faculty member or staff with student conferences. Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, Postsecondary;
Assists library staff in maintaining library collection. As- Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten
sists faculty member or staff with laboratory or field re- Teachers, Except Special Education; Law Teachers,
search. Teaches lower-level courses. Prepares and gives Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, Clerical; Li-
examinations. Grades examinations and papers. SKILLS brary Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library Technicians;
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education;
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Speak- Museum Technicians and Conservators; Nursing Instruc-
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively. tors and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advi-
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- sors; Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary;
priate for the needs of the audience. Learning Strategies: Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teach-
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and ers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Pre-
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or school Teachers, Except Special Education; others.
teaching new things. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
quently involve working with, communicating with, and
teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
or providing service to others.
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth- methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, ment of training effects. English Language: Knowledge
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; of the structure and content of the English language, in-
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; position, and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- their applications. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of admin-
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law istrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word
__________________________________________________________________ Graphic Designers
processing, managing files and records, stenography and of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment,
transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and computer hardware and software, including applica-
and terminology. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge tions and programming.

Graphic Designers

Growth: 26.7%
Part-Time: 24.0%
Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts.
G
May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or deco- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com-
rative effects. Draws sample of finished layout and pre- mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other;
sents sample to art director for approval. Produces still and Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Includ-
animated graphic formats for on-air and taped portions of ing Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers;
television news broadcasts, using electronic video equip- Interior Designers; Merchandise Displayers and Window
ment. Reviews final layout and suggests improvements as Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists and Animators; Painters
needed. Develops negatives and prints, using negative and and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit Designers; Set
print developing equipment and tools and work aids to Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY TYPEAr-
produce layout photographs. Prepares notes and instruc- tistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve working with
tions for workers who assemble and prepare final layouts forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-ex-
for printing. Photographs layouts, using camera, to make pression, and the work can be done without following a
layout prints for supervisor or client. Confers with client clear set of rules.
regarding layout design. Prepares series of drawings to il-
lustrate sequence and timing of story development for tele-
tural Communication/Journalism; Commercial and Ad-
vision production. Studies illustrations and photographs to
vertising Art; Computer Graphics; Design and Visual
plan presentation of material, product, or service. Prepares
Communications, General; Graphic Design; Industrial
illustrations or rough sketches of material according to in-
structions of client or supervisor. Arranges layout based upon Design; Web Page, Digital/Multimedia, and Information
Resources Design. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
available space, knowledge of layout principles, and aes-
thetic design concepts. Marks up, pastes, and assembles fi-
nal layouts to prepare layouts for printer. Determines size
and arrangement of illustrative material and copy and se-
lects style and size of type. Keys information into computer
equipment to create layouts for client or supervisor. Draws duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
and prints charts, graphs, illustrations, and other artwork,
entertain via written, oral, and visual media. Design:
using computer. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un-
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
lated documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention
prints, drawings, and models. Computers and
to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking
ware, including applications and programming. English
to others to convey information effectively. Equipment Se-
lection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
needed to do a job. Writing: Communicating effectively in
writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Grips and Set-Up Workers, training
Motion Picture Sets, Studios, Growth: 13.9%
and Stages Annual Job Openings: 519,000
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 16.2%
Arrange equipment; raise and lower scenery; move dol- semblers and Repairers; Construction Laborers; Helpers,
lies, cranes, and booms; and perform other duties for Construction Trades, All Other; HelpersBrickmasons,
motion-picture, recording, or television industry. Ar- Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters;
ranges equipment preparatory to sessions and perfor- HelpersCarpenters; HelpersExtraction Workers;
mances, following work order specifications, and handles HelpersPainters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco
props during performances. Rigs and dismantles stage or Masons; HelpersPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
set equipment, such as frames, scaffolding, platforms, or Steamfitters; HelpersRoofers; Highway Maintenance
backdrops, using carpenters hand tools. Adjusts controls Workers; Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners.
to raise and lower scenery and stage curtain during per- PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
formance, following cues. Adjusts controls to guide, posi- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
tion, and move equipment, such as cranes, booms, and hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
cameras. Erects canvas covers to protect equipment from plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
weather. Reads work orders and follows oral instructions and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
to determine specified material and equipment to be outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
moved and its relocation. Connects electrical equipment closely with others.
to power source and tests equipment before performance.
Orders equipment and maintains equipment storage ar-
eas. Sews and repairs items, using materials and hand tools
such as canvas and sewing machines. Produces special light- Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
ing and sound effects during performances, using various
machines and devices. SKILLSMonitoring: Monitor-
and roads. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of
ing/Assessing your performance or that of other individu-
als or organizations to make improvements or take
corrective action. Operation and Control: Controlling
operations of equipment or systems. Coordination: Ad- cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
various goods and services. Principles of Mechanical
justing actions in relation to others actions. Active Lis-
designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Fine Arts: Knowl-
edge of the theory and techniques required to compose,
produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts,
inappropriate times. Reading Comprehension: Under-
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related drama, and sculpture. Design: Knowledge of design
documents.
of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- models. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.04. Hands- and content of the English language, including the
on Work in Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance. meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Carpenter As- grammar.
_____________________________________________ Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists

vocational training
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, Annual Earnings: $18,260
Growth: 13.0%
and Cosmetologists Annual Job Openings: 78,000
Part-Time: 36.5%
Provide beauty services, such as shampooing, cutting, Skin Care Specialists. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterpris-
coloring, and styling hair and massaging and treating ing. Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting
scalp. May also apply makeup, dress wigs, perform hair up and carrying out projects. These occupations can in-
removal, and provide nail and skin care services. Cuts, volve leading people and making many decisions. They
trims, and shapes hair or hairpieces, using clippers, scis- sometimes require risk taking and often deal with business.
sors, trimmers, and razors. Bleaches, dyes, or tints hair,
using applicator or brush. Combs, brushes, and sprays hair EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cosme-
tology and Related Personal Grooming Arts, Other; Cos-
or wigs to set style. Analyzes patrons hair and other physi-
metology, Barber/Styling, and Nail Instructor;
cal features or reads makeup instructions to determine and
Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, General; Electrolysis/
recommend beauty treatment. Administers therapeutic
Electrology and Electrolysis Technician; Hair Styling/Stylist
medication and advises patron to seek medical treatment
and Hair Design; Make-Up Artist/Specialist; Permanent
for chronic or contagious scalp conditions. Shapes and
colors eyebrows or eyelashes and removes facial hair, us- Cosmetics/Makeup and Tattooing; Salon/Beauty Salon
Management/Manager. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing depilatory cream and tweezers. Updates and maintains
customer information records, such as beauty services pro-
H
vided. Cleans, shapes, and polishes fingernails and toe-
nails, using files and nail polish. Recommends and applies
cosmetics, lotions, and creams to patron to soften and lu-
bricate skin and enhance and restore natural appearance. customer satisfaction. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
Massages and treats scalp for hygienic and remedial pur-
poses, using hands, fingers, or vibrating equipment. At-
taches wig or hairpiece to model head and dresses wigs
cedures and terminology. Sales and Marketing: Knowl-
and hairpieces according to instructions, samples, sketches,
edge of principles and methods for showing, promoting,
or photographs. Applies water, setting, or waving solu-
tions to hair and winds hair on curlers or rollers. Sham- and selling products or services. This includes marketing
strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales tech-
poos, rinses, and dries hair and scalp or hairpieces with
niques, and sales control systems. English Language:
water, liquid soap, or other solutions. SKILLSService
rules of composition, and grammar. Medicine and Den-
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- tistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
terrupting at inappropriate times.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.04. health-care measures. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Barber and Beauty Services. Other Job Titles in This Work metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Group: Barbers; Manicurists and Pedicurists; Shampooers; applications.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Hazardous Materials Annual Earnings: $31,800
Growth: 32.8%
Removal Workers Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Self-Employed: 1.5%
Part-Time: 5.2%
Identify, remove, pack, transport, or dispose of hazard- and Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Oper-
ous materials, including asbestos, lead-based paint, waste ating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Op-
oil, fuel, transmission fluid, radioactive materials, con- erators; Painters, Construction and Maintenance;
taminated soil, etc. Specialized training and certification Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment
in hazardous materials handling or a confined entry per- Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers;
mit are generally required. May operate earth-moving Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumb-
equipment or trucks. SKILLSNo data available. ers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track
Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refrac-
tory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforc-
ing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough
Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers;
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters
and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons;
Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers
and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders Construction Trades, Other; Hazardous Materials Man-
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper agement and Waste Technology/Technician; Mechanic and
Operators; Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Repair Technologies/Technicians, Other. RELATED
Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Health Educators

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 3.9%
Part-Time: 39.7%
Promote, maintain, and improve individual and commu- educational opportunities for health personnel. Collabo-
nity health by assisting individuals and communities to rates with health specialists and civic groups to ascertain
adopt healthy behaviors. Collect and analyze data to iden- community health needs, determine availability of services,
tify community needs prior to planning, implementing, and develop goals. Promotes health discussions in schools,
monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to encour- industry, and community agencies. Conducts community
age healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May surveys to ascertain health needs, develop desirable health
also serve as a resource to assist individuals, other profes- goals, and determine availability of professional health ser-
sionals, or the community and may administer fiscal re- vices. Prepares and disseminates educational and informa-
sources for health education programs. Plans and provides tional materials. Develops and maintains cooperation
_______________________________________________ Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
between public, civic, professional, and voluntary agen- Maternal and Child Health; Public Health Education and
cies. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others to convey in- Promotion. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
formation effectively. Writing: Communicating effectively Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac- instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
tions. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other ment of training effects. English Language: Knowledge
people are saying, taking time to understand the points of the structure and content of the English language, in-
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Active Learning: Un- position, and grammar. Communications and Media:
derstanding the implications of new information for both Knowledge of media production, communication, and
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. dissemination techniques and methods. This includes al-
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences ternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral,
and paragraphs in work-related documents. and visual media. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
Health Services. Work Group: 14.08. Health Protection
and Promotion. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: ation of customer satisfaction. Medicine and Dentistry:
Athletic Trainers; Dietetic Technicians; Dietitians and
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to
Nutritionists. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social
diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi-
occupations frequently involve working with, communi-
ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug
cating with, and teaching people. These occupations of-
properties and interactions, and preventive health-care
ten involve helping or providing service to others.
measures. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of prin-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Commu- ciples, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment,
nity Health Services/Liaison/Counseling; Health Commu- and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and
H
nication; International Public Health/International Health; for career counseling and guidance.

Health Specialties Teachers,
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in health specialties, such as veterinary Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, therapy, laboratory tech- related documents. Science: Using scientific rules and
nology, and public health. Prepares and delivers lectures methods to solve problems. Writing: Communicating ef-
to students. Compiles bibliographies of specialized mate- fectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the au-
rials for outside reading assignments. Stimulates class dis- dience. Instructing: Teaching others how to do something.
cussions. Compiles, administers, and grades examinations Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
or assigns this work to others. Directs research of other the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
teachers or graduate students working for advanced aca- clusions, or approaches to problems. Active Listening:
demic degrees. Serves on faculty committee providing pro- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak-
fessional consulting services to government and industry. ing time to understand the points being made, asking
Acts as adviser to student organizations. Conducts research questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
in particular field of knowledge and publishes findings in priate times. Active Learning: Understanding the impli-
professional journals. Advises students on academic and cations of new information for both current and future
vocational curricula. SKILLSReading Comprehension: problem-solving and decision-making.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Audiology/Audiologist and Hearing Sciences; Audiology/
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist;
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- Biostatistics; Blood Bank Technology Specialist; Cardio-
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and vascular Technology/Technologist; Chiropractic (DC);
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technolo-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; gist; Clinical/Medical Laboratory Assistant; Clinical/Medi-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, cal Laboratory Technician; Communication Disorders,
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, General; Cytotechnology/Cytotechnologist; Dance
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Therapy/Therapist; Dental Assisting/Assistant; Dental
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Clinical Sciences, General (MS, PhD); Dental Hygiene/
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- Hygienist; Dental Laboratory Technology/Technician;
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- Dental Services and Allied Professions, Other; Dentistry
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; (DDS, DMD); Diagnostic Medical Sonography/
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician; Electrocardio-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; graph Technology/Technician; Electroneurodiagnostic/
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Electroencephalographic Technology/Technologist; Emer-
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, gency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic);
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Health Occupations
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School Teacher Education; Health/Medical Physics; Health/Medi-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special cal Preparatory Programs, Other; Hematology Technology/
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English Technician; Hypnotherapy/Hypnotherapist; Massage
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- Therapy/Therapeutic Massage; Medical Radiologic Tech-
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and nology/ScienceRadiation Therapist; Music Therapy/
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit- Therapist; Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist;
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva- Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene; Occupational
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Therapist Assistant; Occupational Therapy/Therapist;
Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; History Orthotist/Prosthetist; Perfusion Technology/Perfusionist;
Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Pharmacy (PharmD [USA] PharmD, BS/BPharm
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special [Canada]); Pharmacy Administration and Pharmacy Policy
Education; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Li- and Regulatory Affairs (MS, PhD); Pharmacy Technician/
brary Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Assistant; Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Admin-
Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science istration, Other; Physical Therapist Assistant; Physical
Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Therapy/Therapist; Physician Assistant; Pre-Dentistry
Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians Studies; Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies; Pre-Nursing
and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Studies; others. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of prin-
and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, ciples and methods for curriculum and training design,
Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, the measurement of training effects. Biology: Knowledge
Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently tions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other
involve working with ideas and require an extensive and the environment. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowl-
amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search- edge of the information and techniques needed to diag-
ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally. nose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities.
This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug prop-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Allied
erties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Health and Medical Assisting Services, Other; Allied Health English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions,
Other; Art Therapy/Therapist; Asian Bodywork Therapy;
_________________________________________________ Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics
Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth- tation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for career
ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabili- counseling and guidance.

training
Heating and Air Conditioning Annual Earnings: $34,020
Growth: 22.3%
Mechanics Annual Job Openings: 21,000
Part-Time: 4.9%
Install, service, and repair heating and air conditioning what to do about them. Repairing: Repairing machines
systems in residences and commercial establishments. or systems, using the needed tools. Equipment Mainte-
Installs, connects, and adjusts thermostats, humidistats, nance: Performing routine maintenance on equipment and
and timers, using hand tools. Repairs or replaces defective determining when and what kind of maintenance is
equipment, components, or wiring. Joins pipes or tubing needed. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and
to equipment and to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
form complete circuit. Fabricates, assembles, and installs quality or performance.
duct work and chassis parts, using portable metal-work-
ing tools and welding equipment. Tests electrical circuits GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics,
and components for continuity, using electrical test equip-
ment. Disassembles system and cleans and oils parts. As-
sembles, positions, and mounts heating or cooling
H
equipment, following blueprints. Tests pipe or tubing joints
and connections for leaks, using pressure gauge or soap-
and-water solution. Installs auxiliary components to heat- and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and
ing-cooling equipment, such as expansion and discharge
valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, and stok-
Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders;
ers, following blueprints. Adjusts system controls to set-
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists;
ting recommended by manufacturer to balance system,
using hand tools. Inspects and tests system to verify sys-
tem compliance with plans and specifications and to de- Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repair-
tect malfunctions. Discusses heating-cooling system
malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify
that malfunctions have been corrected. Inspects inopera-
ers; Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration
tive equipment to locate source of trouble. Studies blue-
Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectricians; Help-
prints to determine configuration of heating or cooling
equipment components. Wraps pipes in insulation and ersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; In-
dustrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument
secures in place with cement or wire bands. Lays out and
connects electrical wiring between controls and equipment
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General; Maintenance
according to wiring diagram, using electricians hand tools.
Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medi-
Reassembles equipment and starts unit to test operation.
Measures, cuts, threads, and bends pipe or tubing, using
pipefitters tools. Cuts and drills holes in floors, walls, and Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment
roof to install equipment, using power saws and drills.
SKILLSInstallation: Installing equipment, machines,
Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians; Optical In-
wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Troubleshoot-
ing: Determining causes of operating errors and deciding
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Tuners; COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other; edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Ve- repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowledge of design
hicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instrument Re- techniques, tools, and principles involved in production
pairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and models. Building and Construction: Knowledge of ma-
Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repair- terials, methods, and tools involved in the construction
ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupa- or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as
tions frequently involve work activities that include highways and roads. Engineering and Technology: Knowl-
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often edge of the practical application of engineering science
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like and technology. This includes applying principles, tech-
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- niques, procedures, and equipment to the design and pro-
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- duction of various goods and services. Customer and
work or working closely with others. Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Heating,
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Techni- services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English
cian (ACH/ACR/ACHR/HRAC/HVAC/AC Technol-
ogy); Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation, and
Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC,
HACR, HVAC, HVACR). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

Heating, Air Conditioning, training
and Refrigeration Mechanics Growth: 22.3%
and Installers Self-Employed: 12.9%
Part-Time: 4.9%
Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, or re- pliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool Repair-
frigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air fur- ers; Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics; Helpers
naces, and heating stoves. SKILLSNo data available. Electricians; HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and
Repair Workers; Industrial Machinery Mechanics; Key-
board Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and
Safe Repairers; Maintenance and Repair Workers, Gen-
eral; Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Mechanical Door
Repairers; Medical Appliance Technicians; Medical Equip-
ment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Mobile
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines; Motorboat
Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics; Musical Instrument
Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians;
Optical Instrument Assemblers; Outdoor Power Equip-
Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders;
ment and Other Small Engine Mechanics; Painters, Trans-
portation Equipment; Percussion Instrument Repairers and
Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers; Coin, Tuners; Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers,
All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspectors; Recre-
ational Vehicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instru-
ment Repairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics;
___________________ HelpersBrickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
Stringed Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers cian (ACH/ACR/ACHR/HRAC/HVAC/AC Technol-
and Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Re- ogy); Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrig-
pairers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available. eration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC,
HACR, HVAC, HVACR). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Heating, COURSESNo data available.
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Techni-

HelpersBrickmasons, training
Blockmasons, Stonemasons, Growth: 14.1%
and Tile and Marble Setters Self-Employed: 0.8%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile on Work in Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance.
and marble setters by performing duties of lesser skill. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Carpenter As-
Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or semblers and Repairers; Construction Laborers; Grips and
tools and cleaning work area and equipment. Assists in Set-Up Workers, Motion Picture Sets, Studios, and Stages;
the preparation, installation, repair, or rebuilding of tile, Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other; HelpersCar-
brick or stone surfaces. Applies caulk, sealants, or other penters; HelpersExtraction Workers; HelpersPaint-
agents to installed surface. Removes excess grout and resi- ers, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons;
due from tile or brick joints with wet sponge or trowel. HelpersPipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Applies grout between joints of bricks or tiles, using grout- Steamfitters; HelpersRoofers; Highway Maintenance
H
ing trowel. Removes damaged tile, brick, or mortar and Workers; Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners.
prepares installation surfaces, using pliers, chipping ham- PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
mers, chisels, drills, and metal wire anchors. Cleans in- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
stallation surfaces, equipment, tools, work site, and storage hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
areas, using water, chemical solutions, oxygen lance, or plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
polishing machines. Corrects surface imperfections or fills and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
chipped, cracked, or broken bricks or tiles, using fillers, outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
adhesives, and grouting materials. Modifies material mov- closely with others.
ing, mixing, grouting, grinding, polishing, or cleaning
procedures according to the type of installation or materi- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mason/
als required. Manually or machine-mixes mortar, plaster,
and grout according to standard formulae. Cuts materials
to specified size for installation, using power saw or tile
cutter. Arranges and stores materials, machines, tools, and
and roads. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge
equipment. Erects scaffolding or other installation struc-
tures. Moves or positions marble slabs and ingot covers, of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, re-
pair, and maintenance. Design: Knowledge of design tech-
using crane, hoist, or dolly. Selects materials for installa-
tion, following numbered sequence or drawings. Trans-
ports materials, tools, and machines to installation site
els. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, ge-
manually or using conveyance equipment. SKILLSIn-
ometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
stallation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or pro-
grams to meet specifications. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.04. Hands- Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and laws and their interrelationships and applications to and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic struc-
understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics tures and processes.

training
HelpersElectricians Growth: 13.3%
Self-Employed: 0.8%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Help electricians by performing duties of lesser skill. and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body and Related
Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers; Au-
tools and cleaning work area and equipment. Maintains tomotive Master Mechanics; Automotive Service Techni-
tools and equipment, washes parts, and keeps supplies and cians and Mechanics; Automotive Specialty Technicians;
parts in order. Threads conduit ends, connects couplings, Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck
and fabricates and secures conduit support brackets, us- Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists; Camera and Pho-
ing hand tools. Disassembles defective electrical equip- tographic Equipment Repairers; Coin, Vending, and
ment, replaces defective or worn parts, and reassembles Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers; Control and
equipment, using hand tools. Strings transmission lines Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door;
or cables through ducts or conduits, underground, through Farm Equipment Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers;
equipment, or to towers. Examines electrical units for loose Hand and Portable Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air
connections and broken insulation and tightens connec- Conditioning Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and
tions, using hand tools. Traces out short circuits in wir- Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; HelpersInstalla-
ing, using test meter. Rigs scaffolds, hoists, and shoring; tion, Maintenance, and Repair Workers; Industrial Ma-
erects barricades; and digs trenches. Solders electrical con- chinery Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument Repairers and
nections, using soldering iron. Bolts component parts to- Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; Maintenance and
gether to form tower assemblies, using hand tools. Drills Repair Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machin-
holes for wiring, using power drill, and pulls or pushes ery; Mechanical Door Repairers; Medical Appliance Tech-
wiring through opening. Raises, lowers, or positions equip- nicians; Medical Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics;
ment, tools, and materials for installation or use, using Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except
hoist, handline, or block and tackle. Breaks up concrete Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics;
to facilitate installation or repair of equipment, using Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic
airhammer. Trims trees and clears undergrowth along right- Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers;
of-way. Measures, cuts, and bends wire and conduit, us- Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me-
ing measuring instruments and hand tools. Strips chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion
insulation from wire ends, using wire-stripping pliers, and Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument and
attaches wires to terminals for subsequent soldering. Trans- Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Rail-
ports tools, materials, equipment, and supplies to work road Inspectors; Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians;
site manually or using hand truck or by driving truck. Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Refrig-
SKILLSEquipment Maintenance: Performing routine eration Mechanics; Stringed Instrument Repairers and
maintenance on equipment and determining when and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Changers; Valve and Regulator
what kind of maintenance is needed. Repairers; Watch Repairers. PERSONALITY TYPE
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechanical
Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Body
and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine Special- the occupations require working outside and do not in-
ists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; Airframe-
_____________________________________ HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electri- equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-

cian. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngi- ing applications and programming. Public Safety and
neering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, pro-
application of engineering science and technology. This cedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or
includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and national security operations for the protection of people,
equipment to the design and production of various goods data, property, and institutions. Building and Construc-
and services. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowl- tion: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved
edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
repair, and maintenance. Computers and Electronics: structures, such as highways and roads.

HelpersInstallation, training
Maintenance, and Repair Growth: 18.5%
Workers Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 16.2%
Help installation, maintenance, and repair workers in equipment, and supplies to other workers. SKILLS
maintenance, parts replacement, and repair of vehicles, Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine mainte-
industrial machinery, and electrical and electronic equip- nance on equipment and determining when and what kind
ment. Perform duties such as furnishing tools, materi- of maintenance is needed. Repairing: Repairing machines
als, and supplies to other workers; cleaning work area, or systems, using the needed tools. Installation: Installing
H
machines, and tools; and holding materials or tools for equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet speci-
other workers. Helps mechanics and repairers maintain fications. Operation and Control: Controlling operations
and repair vehicles, industrial machinery, and electrical of equipment or systems. Quality Control Analysis: Con-
and electronic equipment. Tends and observes equipment ducting tests and inspections of products, services, or pro-
and machinery to verify efficient and safe operation. Builds cesses to evaluate quality or performance.
or erects and maintains physical structures, using hand
tools or power tools. Examines and tests machinery, equip-
ment, components, and parts for defects and to ensure
proper functioning. Positions vehicles, machinery, equip-
ment, physical structures, and other objects for assembly Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine
or installation, using hand tools, power tools, and moving
equipment. Applies protective materials to equipment,
components, and parts to prevent defects and corrosion.
Cleans or lubricates vehicles, machinery, equipment, in-
struments, tools, work areas, and other objects, using hand
tools, power tools, and cleaning equipment. Assembles and Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders;
disassembles machinery, equipment, components, and
other parts, using hand tools and power tools. Installs or
replaces machinery, equipment, and new or replacement
parts and instruments, using hand tools or power tools.
Adjusts and connects or disconnects wiring, piping, tub-
ing, and other parts, using hand tools or power tools. Trans- pliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool Repair-
ers; Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics; Heating,
fers equipment, tools, parts, and other objects to and from
work stations and other areas, using hand tools, power
stallers; HelpersElectricians; Industrial Machinery Me-
tools, and moving equipment. Furnishes tools, parts,
chanics; Keyboard Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; Maintenance and Repair EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial

Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Me- Mechanics and Maintenance Technology. RELATED
chanical Door Repairers; Medical Appliance Technicians; KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical
Medical Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Mill- Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
wrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and
Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics; Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers; ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me- the design and production of various goods and services.
chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument methods, and tools involved in the construction or repair
and Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers; of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as highways
Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Vehicle Service Techni- and roads. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of cir-
cians; Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners; cuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed Instrument Repairers computer hardware and software, including applications
and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Changers; Valve and Regu- and programming. English Language: Knowledge of the
lator Repairers; Watch Repairers. PERSONALITY structure and content of the English language, including
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and grammar. Production and Processing: Knowledge of
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs,
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu-
of the occupations require working outside and do not facture and distribution of goods.

HelpersPipelayers, training
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Growth: 11.5%
Steamfitters Self-Employed: 0.8%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by termining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do
performing duties of lesser skill. Duties include using, a job. Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine main-
supplying, or holding materials or tools and cleaning tenance on equipment and determining when and what
work area and equipment. Fits or assists in fitting valves, kind of maintenance is needed.
couplings, or assemblies to tanks, pumps, or systems, us-
ing hand tools. Mounts brackets and hangers on walls and
ceilings to hold pipes. Cuts or drills holes in walls to action, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.04. Hands-
on Work in Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance.
commodate passage of pipes, using pneumatic drill. Cleans
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Carpenter As-
shop, work area, and machines, using solvent and rags.
semblers and Repairers; Construction Laborers; Grips and
Disassembles and removes damaged or worn pipe. Requi-
Set-Up Workers, Motion Picture Sets, Studios, and Stages;
sitions tools and equipment and selects type and size of
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other; Helpers
pipe. Fills pipe with sand or resin to prevent distortion
and holds pipes during bending and installation. Immerses Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and
Marble Setters; HelpersCarpenters; HelpersExtrac-
pipe in chemical solution to remove dirt, oil, and scale.
tion Workers; HelpersPainters, Paperhangers, Plaster-
Assists in installing gas burner to convert furnaces from
ers, and Stucco Masons; HelpersRoofers; Highway
wood, coal, or oil. SKILLSEquipment Selection: De-
__________________________________________________________ HelpersProduction Workers
Maintenance Workers; Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
Pipe Cleaners. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Real- engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
istic occupations frequently involve work activities that ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They the design and production of various goods and services.
often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa- production processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
paperwork or working closely with others. tribution of goods. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
composition, structure, and properties of substances and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Plumb-
of the chemical processes and transformations that they
ing Technology/Plumber. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/ undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
actions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
methods. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical
repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
cations to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric
structures, such as highways and roads. Engineering and atomic structures and processes.

training
HelpersProduction Workers Growth: 11.9%
Self-Employed: 1.6%
H
Part-Time: 16.2%
Help production workers by performing duties of lesser and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
skill. Duties include supplying or holding materials or Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
tools and cleaning work area and equipment. SKILLS Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
No data available. Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling
Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders,
Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op-
Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders;
Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
TYPENo data available. data available.

training
Highway Patrol Pilots Growth: 23.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Pilot aircraft to patrol highway and enforce traffic laws. and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of
Pilots airplane to maintain order, respond to emergencies, alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
enforce traffic and criminal laws, and apprehend crimi- lems.
nals. Investigates traffic accidents and other accidents to
determine causes and to determine if crime was commit-
ted. Arrests perpetrator of criminal act or submits citation
or warning to violator of motor vehicle ordinance. Informs
ground personnel where to re-route traffic in case of emer- Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss-
ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves-
gencies. Informs ground personnel of traffic congestion
tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal
or unsafe driving conditions to ensure traffic flow and re-
Investigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; De-
duce incidence of accidents. Reviews facts to determine if
tectives and Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish
criminal act or statute violation was involved. Expedites
and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam-
processing of prisoners, prepares and maintains records of
prisoner bookings, and maintains record of prisoner sta- ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; Im-
migration and Customs Inspectors; Lifeguards, Ski Patrol,
tus during booking and pre-trial process. Prepares reports
and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers; Park-
to document activities. Relays complaint and emergency
ing Enforcement Workers; Police and Sheriffs Patrol Of-
request information to appropriate agency dispatcher.
ficers; Police Detectives; Police Identification and Records
Evaluates complaint and emergency request information
Officers; Police Patrol Officers; Private Detectives and
to determine response requirements. Renders aid to acci-
dent victims and other persons requiring first aid for physi- Investigators; Security Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sher-
iffs; Transit and Railroad Police. PERSONALITY
cal injuries. Testifies in court to present evidence or act as
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
witness in traffic and criminal cases. Records facts, photo-
graphs and diagrams crime or accident scene, and inter-
views witnesses to gather information for possible use in
legal action or safety programs. SKILLSOperation and
Control: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. of the occupations require working outside and do not
Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and
understanding why they react as they do. Active Listen- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
ing: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, Justice/Police Science; Criminalistics and Criminal Science.
taking time to understand the points being made, asking RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTransporta-
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- tion: Knowledge of principles and methods for moving
priate times. Reading Comprehension: Understanding people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the
written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu- relative costs and benefits. Public Safety and Security:
ments. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures,
relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national
the most appropriate one. Critical Thinking: Using logic security operations for the protection of people, data, prop-
_________________________________________________________________________ Historians
erty, and institutions. Law and Government: Knowledge operation of telecommunications systems. Geography:
of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, govern- Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the
ment regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physi-
democratic political process. Telecommunications: Knowl- cal characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and dis-
edge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and tribution of plant, animal, and human life.

Historians

Growth: 17.2%
Self-Employed: 5.2%
Part-Time: 18.1%
Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as re- sions, or approaches to problems. Active Learning: Un-
corded in sources such as government and institutional derstanding the implications of new information for both
records; newspapers and other periodicals; photographs; current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
interviews; films; and unpublished manuscripts, such as
personal diaries and letters. Conducts historical research
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci-
on subjects of import to society and presents finding and
theories in textbooks, journals, and other publications. ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthro-
pologists; Anthropologists and Archeologists;
Assembles historical data by consulting sources such as
Archeologists; City Planning Aides; Economists; Indus-
archives, court records, diaries, news files, and miscella-
trial-Organizational Psychologists; Political Scientists; Psy-
H
neous published and unpublished materials. Organizes and
chologists, All Other; Social Science Research Assistants;
evaluates data on basis of authenticity and relative signifi-
Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other; Sociolo-
cance. Consults with or advises other individuals on his-
torical authenticity of various materials. Consults experts gists; Survey Researchers; Urban and Regional Planners.
PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative oc-
or witnesses of historical events. Reviews and collects data,
cupations frequently involve working with ideas and re-
such as books, pamphlets, periodicals, and rare newspa-
quire an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations
pers, to provide source material for research. Traces his-
can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems
torical development in fields such as economics, sociology,
mentally.
or philosophy. Reviews publications and exhibits prepared
by others prior to public release in order to ensure histori- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)American
cal accuracy of presentations. Coordinates activities of History (United States); Ancient Studies/Civilization; Ar-
workers engaged in cataloging and filing materials. Edits chitectural History and Criticism, General; Asian History;
society publications. Speaks before various groups, orga- Canadian History; Classical, Ancient Mediterranean, and
nizations, and clubs to promote societal aims and activi- Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology; Cultural Resource
ties. Translates or requests translation of reference materials. Management and Policy Analysis; European History; His-
Advises or consults with individuals, institutions, and com- toric Preservation and Conservation; Historic Preservation
mercial organizations on technological evolution or cus- and Conservation, Other; History and Philosophy of Sci-
toms peculiar to certain historical period. ence and Technology; History, General; History, Other;
SKILLSWriting: Communicating effectively in writ- Holocaust and Related Studies; Medieval and Renaissance
ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading Studies. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and History and Archeology: Knowledge of historical events
paragraphs in work-related documents. Speaking: Talk- and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations
ing to others to convey information effectively. Critical and cultures. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the ture and content of the English language, including the
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
grammar. Administration and Management: Knowledge societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity,
of business and management principles involved in strate- and cultures and their history and origins. Communica-
gic planning, resource allocation, human resources mod- tions and Media: Knowledge of media production, com-
eling, leadership technique, production methods, and munication, and dissemination techniques and methods.
coordination of people and resources. Sociology and An- This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via
thropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, written, oral, and visual media.

History Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in human history and historiography. Pre- Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area,
pares and delivers lectures to students. Compiles bibliog- Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
raphies of specialized materials for outside reading Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
assignments. Advises students on academic and vocational Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
curricula. Compiles, administers, and grades examinations Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio-
or assigns this work to others. Stimulates class discussions. logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
Directs research of other teachers or graduate students ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
working for advanced academic degrees. Serves on faculty Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
committee providing professional consulting services to Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
government and industry. Acts as adviser to student orga- Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
nizations. Conducts research in particular field of knowl- Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
edge and publishes findings in professional journals. Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ- cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Speak- Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively. Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
information for both current and future problem-solving Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
and decision-making. Active Listening: Giving full atten- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un- tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
derstand the points being made, asking questions as Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teach-
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- ers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
priate for the needs of the audience. Learning Strategies: Education; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Li-
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and brary Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
teaching new things. Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY
________________________________________________ Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve ciology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group behav-
working with, communicating with, and teaching people. ior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser- migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and their history and
vice to others. origins. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
History (United States); Asian History; Canadian History;
mar. History and Archeology: Knowledge of historical
European History; History and Philosophy of Science and
events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civiliza-
Technology; History, General; History, Other; Public/
tions and cultures. Psychology: Knowledge of human be-
Applied History and Archival Administration. RELATED
havior and performance; individual differences in ability,
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training: personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
ment of behavioral and affective disorders.
and groups, and the measurement of training effects. So-

Home Economics Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in child care, family relations, finance, Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
H
nutrition, and related subjects as pertaining to home erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
management. SKILLSNo data available. tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special
Education; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Li-
brary Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences; Child
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Care and Support Services Management; Family and Con-
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School sumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General; Foodservice
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Systems Administration/Management; Human Develop-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English ment and Family Studies, General. RELATED KNOWL-
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- EDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Home Health Aides Growth: 47.3%
Self-Employed: 3.3%
Part-Time: 26.4%
Provide routine, personal health care, such as bathing, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
dressing, or grooming, to elderly, convalescent, or dis- Health Services. Work Group: 14.07. Patient Care and
abled persons in the home of patients or in a residential Assistance. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Li-
care facility. Changes bed linens, washes and irons patients censed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses; Nursing
laundry, and cleans patients quarters. Assists patients into Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants; Psychiatric Aides; Psy-
and out of bed, automobiles, or wheelchair; to lavatory; chiatric Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPESocial.
and up and down stairs. Administers prescribed oral medi- Social occupations frequently involve working with, com-
cation under written direction of physician or as directed municating with, and teaching people. These occupations
by home care nurse and aide. Massages patient and ap- often involve helping or providing service to others.
plies preparations and treatment, such as liniment or al-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Home
cohol rubs and heat-lamp stimulation. Performs variety
Health Aide/Home Attendant. RELATED KNOWL-
of miscellaneous duties as requested, such as obtaining
household supplies and running errands. Entertains pa- EDGE/COURSESCustomer and Personal Service:
tient, reads aloud, and plays cards and other games with
patient. Maintains records of services performed and of
apparent condition of patient. Purchases, prepares, and
evaluation of customer satisfaction. Medicine and Den-
serves food for patient and other members of family, fol-
tistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
lowing special prescribed diets. SKILLSService Orien-
tation: Actively looking for ways to help people. Reading needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and
paragraphs in work-related documents. Social Perceptive-
health-care measures. Psychology: Knowledge of human
ness: Being aware of others reactions and understanding
why they react as they do. Critical Thinking: Using logic
alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob- psychological research methods; and the assessment and
treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Therapy
lems. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor-
and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and
procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
improvements or take corrective action. Speaking: Talk-
physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Active Lis-
ing and guidance. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of admin-
saying, taking time to understand the points being made, istrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word
processing, managing files and records, stenography and
transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
inappropriate times.
and terminology.
____________________________________________________ Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks

Hosts and Hostesses, training
Restaurant, Lounge, Growth: 13.0%
and Coffee Shop Annual Job Openings: 84,000
Self-Employed: 2.0%
Part-Time: 38.3%
Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and and Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation
help ensure quality of facilities and service. Greets and and Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Prepara-
escorts guests to tables and provides menus. Adjusts com- tion Workers; Food Servers, Nonrestaurant; Waiters and
plaints of patrons. Inspects dining room serving stations Waitresses. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. En-
for neatness and cleanliness. Requisitions table linens and terprising occupations frequently involve starting up and
other supplies for tables and serving stations. Assigns work carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
tasks and coordinates activities of dining room personnel ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
to ensure prompt and courteous service to patrons. Sched- require risk taking and often deal with business.
ules dining reservations and arranges parties or special ser-
vice for diners. SKILLSTime Management: Managing
ones own time and the time of others. Management of
Manager. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and direct-
ing people as they work, identifying the best people for Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles
the job. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa-
tion effectively. Coordination: Adjusting actions in rela-
H
tion to others actions. Learning Strategies: Selecting and
satisfaction. Administration and Management: Knowl-
using training/instructional methods and procedures ap-
propriate for the situation when learning or teaching new
things. strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, coordination of people and resources. Personnel and
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.05. Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and proce-
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This dures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, com-
Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend- pensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation,
ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks; and personnel information systems. Mathematics: Knowl-
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks, tics and their applications. English Language: Knowledge
Institution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short of the structure and content of the English language, in-
Order; Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
and Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants position, and grammar.

training
Hotel, Motel, Annual Earnings: $16,920
Growth: 33.4%
and Resort Desk Clerks Annual Job Openings: 73,000
Self-Employed: 1.5%
Part-Time: 25.8%
Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by keys, transmitting and receiving messages, keeping
registering and assigning rooms to guests, issuing room records of occupied rooms and guests accounts, making
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and confirming reservations, and presenting statements cierges; Flight Attendants; Reservation and Transportation
to and collecting payments from departing guests. Greets, Ticket Agents; Reservation and Transportation Ticket
registers, and assigns rooms to guests of hotel or motel. Agents and Travel Clerks; Transportation Attendants, Ex-
Makes and confirms reservations. Transmits and receives cept Flight Attendants and Baggage Porters. PERSON-
messages, using telephone or telephone switchboard. Date- ALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations
stamps, sorts, and racks incoming mail and messages. frequently involve following set procedures and routines.
Deposits guests valuables in hotel safe or safe-deposit box. These occupations can include working with data and
Answers inquiries pertaining to hotel services; registration details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
of guests; and shopping, dining, entertainment, and travel of authority to follow.
directions. Issues room key and escort instructions to bell-
hop. Posts charges, such as room, food, liquor, or tele- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Selling
Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
phone, to ledger, manually or using computer. Computes
bill, collects payment, and makes change for guests. Keeps
records of room availability and guests accounts manu-
ally or using computer. SKILLSService Orientation:
Actively looking for ways to help people. Active Listen-
ing: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, customer satisfaction. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
priate times. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
cedures and terminology. English Language: Knowledge
ments. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to oth-
ers actions. Speaking: Talking to others to convey cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
position, and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, their applications. Computers and Electronics: Knowl-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.03. edge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equip-
Transportation and Lodging Services. Other Job Titles in ment, and computer hardware and software, including
This Work Group: Baggage Porters and Bellhops; Con- applications and programming.

Housekeeping Supervisors Growth: 14.2%
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 6.4%
Supervise work activities of cleaning personnel to ensure equipment and takes corrective action. Obtains list of rooms
clean, orderly, and attractive rooms in hotels, hospitals, to be cleaned immediately and list of prospective check-
educational institutions, and similar establishments. As- outs or discharges to prepare work assignments. Coordi-
sign duties, inspect work, and investigate complaints re- nates work activities among departments. Conducts
garding housekeeping service and equipment and take orientation training and in-service training to explain poli-
corrective action. May purchase housekeeping supplies cies and work procedures and to demonstrate use and main-
and equipment, take periodic inventories, screen appli- tenance of equipment. Inventories stock to ensure adequate
cants, train new employees, and recommend dismissals. supplies. Evaluates records to forecast department person-
Assigns workers their duties and inspects work for con- nel requirements. Makes recommendations to improve ser-
formance to prescribed standards of cleanliness. Investi- vice and ensure more efficient operation. Prepares reports
gates complaints regarding housekeeping service and concerning room occupancy, payroll, and department ex-
_________________________________ Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
penses. Selects and purchases new furnishings. Performs Personal Service Workers; Food Service Managers; Gam-
cleaning duties in cases of emergency or staff shortage. ing Managers; Gaming Supervisors; Janitorial Supervisors;
Examines building to determine need for repairs or replace- Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention Planners.
ment of furniture or equipment and makes recommenda- PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
tions to management. Attends staff meetings to discuss cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
company policies and patrons complaints. Issues supplies projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
and equipment to workers. Establishes standards and pro- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
cedures for work of housekeeping staff. Advises manager, ing and often deal with business.
desk clerk, or admitting personnel of rooms ready for oc-
cupancy. Records data regarding work assignments, per-
sonnel actions, and time cards and prepares periodic reports. available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Screens job applicants, hires new employees, and recom-
mends promotions, transfers, and dismissals. SKILLS
Time Management: Managing ones own time and the time
of others. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa-
satisfaction. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
tion effectively. Management of Personnel Resources:
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, edge of principles and procedures for personnel recruit-
identifying the best people for the job. Coordination: Ad-
justing actions in relation to others actions. Reading Com-
prehension: Understanding written sentences and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01. nation of people and resources. Education and Training:
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
H
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi- and groups, and the measurement of training effects. En-
sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers; glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
Janitorial Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Human Resources training
Assistants, Except Payroll Growth: 19.3%
and Timekeeping Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.3%
Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for tion from law enforcement officials, previous employers,
each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, ab- and other references to determine applicants employment
sences, amount of sales or production, supervisory re- acceptability. Selects applicants having specified job re-
ports on ability, and date of and reason for termination. quirements and refers to employing official. Explains com-
Compile and type reports from employment records. File pany insurance policies and options to employees and files
employment records. Search employee files and furnish claim and cancellation forms. Communicates with em-
information to authorized persons. Examines employee ployees or applicants to explain company personnel poli-
files to answer inquiries and provide information for per- cies and procedures. Administers and scores employee
sonnel actions. Prepares listing of vacancies and notifies aptitude, skills, personality, and interests tests. Answers
eligible workers of position availability. Requests informa- questions regarding examinations, eligibility, salaries, ben-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
efits, and other pertinent information. Records employee Health Information Technicians; Medical Transcription-
data, such as address, rate of pay, absences, and benefits, ists; Office Clerks, General; Procurement Clerks; Proof-
using personal computer. Maintains and updates employee readers and Copy Markers. PERSONALITY
records to document personnel actions and changes in TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
employee status. Processes and reviews employment ap- quently involve following set procedures and routines.
plication to evaluate qualifications or eligibility of appli- These occupations can include working with data and
cant. Interviews applicants to obtain and verify details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
information. Compiles and types reports from employ- of authority to follow.
ment records. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un-
derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in
work-related documents. Speaking: Talking to others to Office Occupations and Clerical Services. RELATED
convey information effectively. Active Listening: Giving
office procedures and terminology. Personnel and Hu-
equipment needed to do a job. Writing: Communicating man Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures
for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensa-
tion and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and
audience.
personnel information systems. English Language: Knowl-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business edge of the structure and content of the English language,
Detail. Work Group: 09.07. Records Processing. Other including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Correspondence Clerks; position, and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Court Reporters; Credit Authorizers; Credit Authorizers, metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Checkers, and Clerks; Credit Checkers; File Clerks; In- applications. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
formation and Record Clerks, All Other; Insurance Claims circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
and Policy Processing Clerks; Insurance Claims Clerks; computer hardware and software, including applications
Insurance Policy Processing Clerks; Medical Records and and programming.

plus degree
Human Resources Managers Growth: 12.7%
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Part-Time: 3.6%
Plan, direct, and coordinate human resource manage- sation plan. Develops methods to improve employment
ment activities of an organization to maximize the stra- policies, processes, and practices and recommends changes
tegic use of human resources and maintain functions such to management. Prepares personnel forecast to project
as employee compensation, recruitment, personnel poli- employment needs. Prepares budget for personnel opera-
cies, and regulatory compliance. Formulates policies and tions. Prepares and delivers presentations and reports to
procedures for recruitment, testing, placement, classifica- corporate officers or other management regarding human
tion, orientation, benefits, and labor and industrial rela- resource management policies and practices and recom-
tions. Plans, directs, supervises, and coordinates work mendations for change. Negotiates bargaining agreements
activities of subordinates and staff relating to employment, and resolves labor disputes. Meets with shop stewards and
compensation, labor relations, and employee relations. supervisors to resolve grievances. Conducts exit interviews
Analyzes compensation policies, government regulations, to identify reasons for employee termination and writes
and prevailing wage rates to develop competitive compen- separation notices. Plans and conducts new employee ori-
_______________________________________________________________________ Hydrologists
entation to foster positive attitude toward organizational Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man-
objectives. Writes directives advising department manag- agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral
ers of organization policy in personnel matters such as equal Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government
employment opportunity, sexual harassment, and discrimi- Service Executives; Human Resources Managers, All
nation. Studies legislation, arbitration decisions, and col- Other; Legislators; Managers, All Other; Postmasters and
lective bargaining contracts to assess industry trends. Mail Superintendents; Private Sector Executives; Property,
Maintains records and compiles statistical reports concern- Real Estate, and Community Association Managers; Pub-
ing personnel-related data such as hires, transfers, perfor- lic Relations Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and
mance appraisals, and absenteeism rates. Analyzes statistical Distribution Managers; Training and Development Man-
data and reports to identify and determine causes of per- agers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Manag-
sonnel problems and develop recommendations for im- ers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers.
provement of organizations personnel policies and PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
practices. Represents organization at personnel-related cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
hearings and investigations. Contracts with vendors to projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
provide employee services, such as canteen, transporta- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
tion, or relocation service. Investigates industrial accidents ing and often deal with business.
and prepares reports for insurance carrier. SKILLSMan-
agement of Personnel Resources: Motivating, develop-
Resources Development; Human Resources Management/
ing, and directing people as they work, identifying the
Personnel Administration, General; Labor and Industrial
best people for the job. Systems Analysis: Determining
Relations; Labor Studies. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
how a system should work and how changes in condi-
COURSESPersonnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
tions, operations, and the environment will affect out-
comes. Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or edge of principles and procedures for personnel recruit-
indicators of system performance and the actions needed
H
to improve or correct performance relative to the goals of
the system. Active Learning: Understanding the implica-
lem-solving and decision-making. Coordination:
Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Speaking: leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
nation of people and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge
Talking to others to convey information effectively. Read-
and their applications. English Language: Knowledge of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General tion, and grammar. Education and Training: Knowledge
Management Work and Management of Support Func- of principles and methods for curriculum and training
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex- design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, and the measurement of training effects.

Hydrologists

Growth: 25.7%
Part-Time: 6.3%
Research the distribution, circulation, and physical prop- the soil, movement through the earth, and its return to
erties of underground and surface waters; study the form the ocean and atmosphere. Studies and analyzes physical
and intensity of precipitation, its rate of infiltration into aspects of earth, including atmosphere and hydrosphere,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and interior structure. Studies waters of land areas to de- raphers; Geologists; Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and
termine modes of return to ocean and atmosphere. Com- Geographers; Materials Scientists; Physical Scientists, All
piles and evaluates data to prepare navigational charts and Other; Physicists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative.
maps, predict atmospheric conditions, and prepare envi- Investigative occupations frequently involve working with
ronmental reports. Prepares and issues maps and reports ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. These
indicating areas of seismic risk to existing or proposed occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring
construction or development. Evaluates data in reference out problems mentally.
to project planning, such as flood and drought control,
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Geology/
water power and supply, drainage, irrigation, and inland
Earth Science, General; Hydrology and Water Resources
navigation. Investigates origin and activity of glaciers, vol-
canoes, and earthquakes. Studies, maps, and charts distri- Science; Oceanography, Chemical and Physical. RE-
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPhysics: Knowl-
bution, disposition, and development of waters of land
edge and prediction of physical principles and laws and
areas, including form and intensity of precipitation. Stud-
their interrelationships and applications to understanding
ies, measures, and interprets seismic, gravitational, elec-
fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechani-
trical, thermal, and magnetic forces and data affecting the
cal, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and pro-
earth. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to
solve problems. Science: Using scientific rules and meth- cesses. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
ods to solve problems. Writing: Communicating effec-
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the
audience. Active Learning: Understanding the implica-
cluding their physical characteristics, locations, interrela-
tionships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and life. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition,
structure, and properties of substances and of the chemi-
cal processes and transformations that they undergo. This
includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. En-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.02. Physical glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
Sciences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Astrono- of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
mers; Atmospheric and Space Scientists; Chemists; Geog- ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Immigration and Customs Annual Earnings: $50,960
Growth: 16.4%
Inspectors Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 1.3%
Part-Time: 2.9%
Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, assists other governmental agencies with regulation viola-
and merchandise arriving in or departing from the United tion issues. Issues or denies permits. Interprets and ex-
States or between states to detect violations of immigra- plains laws and regulations to others. Determines duty
tion and customs laws and regulations. Inspects cargo, and taxes to be paid, investigates applications for duty re-
baggage, personal articles, and common carriers entering funds, or petitions for remission or mitigation of penal-
or leaving U.S. for compliance with revenue laws and U.S. ties. Examines, classifies, weighs, measures, and appraises
Customs Service regulations. Testifies in administrative and merchandise to enforce regulations of U.S. Customs Ser-
judicial proceedings. Collects samples of merchandise for vice and prevent illegal importing and exporting. Deter-
examination, appraising, or testing and requests labora- mines investigative and seizure techniques to be used and
tory analyses. Institutes civil and criminal prosecutions and seizes contraband, undeclared merchandise, vehicles, and
________________________________________________________ Industrial Production Managers
air or sea craft carrying smuggled merchandise. Arrests, Pilots; Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Pro-
detains, paroles, or arranges for deportation of persons in tective Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers;
violation of customs or immigration laws. Reviews pri- Police and Sheriffs Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Po-
vate and public records and documents to establish, as- lice Identification and Records Officers; Police Patrol Of-
semble, and verify facts and secure legal evidence. Keeps ficers; Private Detectives and Investigators; Security Guards;
records and writes reports of activities, findings, transac- Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and Railroad Police.
tions, violations, discrepancies, and decisions. Examines PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
visas and passports and interviews persons to determine occupations frequently involve following set procedures and
eligibility for admission, residence, and travel in U.S. routines. These occupations can include working with data
SKILLSWriting: Communicating effectively in writ- and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear
ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Speak- line of authority to follow.
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Judg-
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESLaw and Gov-
ernment: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures,
and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap-
propriate one. Active Listening: Giving full attention to precedents, government regulations, executive orders,
agency rules, and the democratic political process. English
and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Public Safety
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies,
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state,
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ani- or national security operations for the protection of people,
mal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Missing data, property, and institutions. Communications and
Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Investiga- Media: Knowledge of media production, communication,
tors; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal Investiga- and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes
tors and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; Detectives and alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral,
Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish and Game and visual media. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gaming Surveil- algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
lance Officers and Gaming Investigators; Highway Patrol cations.

Industrial Production Annual Earnings: $64,510
I
Growth: 6.2%
Managers

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and re- or the quality of existing products. Initiates and coordi-
sources necessary for manufacturing products in accor- nates inventory and cost-control programs. Develops bud-
dance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications. gets and approves expenditures for supplies, materials, and
Directs and coordinates production, processing, distribu- human resources. Examines samples of raw products or
tion, and marketing activities of industrial organization. directs testing during processing to ensure that finished
Reviews processing schedules and production orders to products conform to prescribed quality standards. Hires,
determine staffing requirements, work procedures, and trains, evaluates, and discharges staff. Resolves personnel
duty assignments. Reviews plans and confers with research grievances. Prepares and maintains production reports and
and support staff to develop new products and processes personnel records. Coordinates and recommends proce-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
dures for facility and equipment maintenance or modifi- PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
cation. Negotiates materials prices with suppliers. Reviews cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
operations and confers with technical or administrative projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
staff to resolve production or processing problems. Ana- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
lyzes production, quality control, maintenance, and other ing and often deal with business.
operational reports to detect production problems.
Administration and Management, General; Business/Com-
others actions. Judgment and Decision Making: Con-
merce, General; Operations Management and Supervision.
sidering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESProduction
to choose the most appropriate one. Management of Per-
sonnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production
processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
job. Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indica-
goods. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
tors of system performance and the actions needed to
improve or correct performance relative to the goals of
the system. Management of Material Resources: Obtain-
ing and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facili- leadership technique, production methods, and coordina-
tion of people and resources. Personnel and Human Re-
ties, and materials needed to do certain work.
sources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for
ments or take corrective action.
nel information systems. English Language: Knowledge
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial of the structure and content of the English language, in-
Production. Work Group: 08.01. Managerial Work in cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
Industrial Production. Other Job Titles in This Work position, and grammar. Food Production: Knowledge of
Group: First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Helpers, La- techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and har-
borers, and Material Movers, Hand; First-Line Supervi- vesting food products (both plant and animal) for con-
sors/Managers of Production and Operating Workers. sumption, including storage/handling techniques.

training
Industrial Truck and Tractor Annual Earnings: $25,350
Growth: 11.3%
Operators Annual Job Openings: 91,000
Self-Employed: 0.2%
Part-Time: 3.0%
Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move graders, plows, rollers, and winch cables, to tractor, using
materials around a warehouse, storage yard, factory, con- hitchpins. Turns valves and opens chutes to dump, spray,
struction site, or similar location. Moves controls to drive or release materials from dump cars or storage bins into
gasoline- or electric-powered trucks, cars, or tractors and hoppers. Performs routine maintenance on vehicles and
transport materials between loading, processing, and stor- auxiliary equipment, such as cleaning, lubricating, recharg-
age areas. Moves levers and controls to operate lifting de- ing batteries, fueling, or replacing liquefied-gas tank.
vices, such as forklifts, lift beams and swivel-hooks, hoists, Manually loads or unloads materials onto or off pallets,
and elevating platforms, to load, unload, transport, and skids, platforms, cars, or lifting devices. Operates or tends
stack material. Positions lifting device under, over, or automatic stacking, loading, packaging, or cutting ma-
around loaded pallets, skids, and boxes; secures material chines. Weighs materials or products and records weight
or products for transport to designated areas. Hooks tow and other production data on tags or labels. Signals work-
trucks to trailer hitches and fastens attachments, such as ers to discharge, dump, or level materials. SKILLSOp-
__________________________________________________ Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
eration and Control: Controlling operations of equipment mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
or systems. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind chinery. Many of the occupations require working out-
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Operation side and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators closely with others.
to make sure a machine is working properly. Troubleshoot-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Ground
Transportation, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
what to do about them. Coordination: Adjusting actions
COURSESTransportation: Knowledge of principles
in relation to others actions. Repairing: Repairing ma-
and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea,
chines or systems, using the needed tools.
or road, including the relative costs and benefits. Prin-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial ciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and
Production. Work Group: 08.07. Hands-on Work: Load- tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and mainte-
ing, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying. Other Job Titles nance. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
in This Work Group: Conveyor Operators and Tenders; geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Crane and Tower Operators; Dragline Operators; Exca- Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
vating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators; production processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Hoist and niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
Winch Operators; Irradiated-Fuel Handlers; Laborers and tribution of goods. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of
Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Machine Feed- physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
ers and Offbearers; Material Moving Workers, All Other; and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at-
Packers and Packagers, Hand; Pump Operators, Except mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic,
Wellhead Pumpers; Refuse and Recyclable Material Col- and sub-atomic structures and processes. Clerical Stud-
lectors; Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders. PERSON- ies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures
ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently and systems, such as word processing, managing files and
involve work activities that include practical, hands-on records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani- and other office procedures and terminology.

Industrial-Organizational

Growth: 18.1%
Psychologists

Part-Time: 23.4%
I
Apply principles of psychology to personnel, adminis- designs, using surveys and tests, and measures the effec-
tration, management, sales, and marketing problems. tiveness of advertising media. Advises management in stra-
Activities may include policy planning; employee screen- tegic changes to personnel, managerial, and marketing
ing, training, and development; and organizational de- policies and practices to improve organizational effective-
velopment and analysis. May work with management to ness and efficiency. Conducts research studies of physical
reorganize the work setting to improve worker produc- work environments, organizational structure, communi-
tivity. Develops interview techniques, rating scales, and cation systems, group interaction, morale, and motivation
psychological tests to assess skills, abilities, and interests as to assess organizational functioning. Analyzes job require-
aids in selection, placement, and promotion. Analyzes data, ments to establish criteria for classification, selection, train-
using statistical methods and applications, to evaluate and ing, and other related personnel functions. Observes and
measure the effectiveness of program implementation or interviews workers to identify the physical, mental, and
training. Plans, develops, and organizes training programs, educational requirements of job. SKILLSSystems Evalu-
applying principles of learning and individual differences. ation: Identifying measures or indicators of system per-
Studies consumer reaction to new products and package formance and the actions needed to improve or correct
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
performance relative to the goals of the system. Reading EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial

Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and and Organizational Psychology; Psychology, General.
paragraphs in work-related documents. Active Learning: RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPsychology:
Understanding the implications of new information for Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
both current and future problem-solving and decision- vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
making. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob- ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
lems. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
appropriate for the needs of the audience. disorders. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge
of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment,
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci- tions and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthro-
Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
pologists; Anthropologists and Archeologists;
methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
Archeologists; City Planning Aides; Economists; Histori-
ans; Political Scientists; Psychologists, All Other; Social
ment of training effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Science Research Assistants; Social Scientists and Related
Workers, All Other; Sociologists; Survey Researchers; Ur- applications. Administration and Management: Knowl-
ban and Regional Planners. PERSONALITY TYPEIn-
vestigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve
working with ideas and require an extensive amount of
thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts
coordination of people and resources.
and figuring out problems mentally.

Instructional Coordinators

Growth: 25.0%
Part-Time: 9.8%
Develop instructional material, coordinate educational terials related to specific academic subjects. Advises teach-
content, and incorporate current technology in special- ing and administrative staff in assessment, curriculum
ized fields that provide guidelines to educators and in- development, management of student behavior, and use
structors for developing curricula and conducting courses. of materials and equipment. Observes, evaluates, and rec-
Researches, evaluates, and prepares recommendations on ommends changes in work of teaching staff to strengthen
curricula, instructional methods, and materials for school teaching skills in classroom. Plans, conducts, and evalu-
system. Develops tests, questionnaires, and procedures to ates training programs and conferences for teachers to study
measure effectiveness of curriculum and to determine if new classroom procedures, instructional materials, and
program objectives are being met. Prepares or approves teaching aids. Advises school officials on implementation
manuals, guidelines, and reports on state educational poli- of state and federal programs and procedures. Conducts
cies and practices for distribution to school districts. Or- or participates in workshops, committees, and conferences
ders or authorizes purchase of instructional materials, designed to promote intellectual, social, and physical wel-
supplies, equipment, and visual aids designed to meet edu- fare of students. Coordinates activities of workers engaged
cational needs of students. Confers with school officials, in cataloging, distributing, and maintaining educational
teachers, and administrative staff to plan and develop cur- materials and equipment in curriculum library and labo-
ricula and establish guidelines for educational programs. ratory. Interprets and enforces provisions of state educa-
Confers with educational committees and advisory groups tion codes and rules and regulations of State Board of
to gather information on instructional methods and ma- Education. Prepares or assists in preparation of grant pro-
_______________________________________________ Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
posals, budgets, and program policies and goals. Addresses teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
public audiences to explain and elicit support for program or providing service to others.
objectives. Reviews student files and confers with educa-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Curricu-
tors, parents, and other concerned parties to decide stu-
dent placement and provision of services. Inspects and lum and Instruction; Educational/Instructional Media
Design. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEdu-
authorizes repair of instructional equipment, such as mu-
cation and Training: Knowledge of principles and meth-
sical instruments. SKILLSLearning Strategies: Select-
ing and using training/instructional methods and
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or
ment of training effects. English Language: Knowledge
teaching new things. Speaking: Talking to others to con-
vey information effectively. Instructing: Teaching others of the structure and content of the English language, in-
how to do something. Reading Comprehension: Under-
documents. Writing: Communicating effectively in writ-
ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education methods, and coordination of people and resources. Psy-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.01. Managerial Work chology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
in Education and Social Service. Other Job Titles in This individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
Work Group: Education Administrators, All Other; Edu- learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
cation Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec-
Education Administrators, Postsecondary; Education Ad- tive disorders. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
ministrators, Preschool and Child Care Center/Program; edge of principles and procedures for personnel
Park Naturalists; Social and Community Service Manag- recruitment, selection, training, compensation and ben-
ers. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations efits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel infor-
frequently involve working with, communicating with, and mation systems.

on-the-job training
Insulation Workers, Floor, Annual Earnings: $28,000
Growth: 13.6%
Ceiling, and Wall Annual Job Openings: 12,000
Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 4.7%
I
Line and cover structures with insulating materials. May ing on adhesives, cement, or asphalt or attaching metal
work with batt, roll, or blown insulation materials. Fits, pins to surfaces. Evenly distributes insulating materials into
wraps, or attaches insulating materials to structures of sur- small spaces within floors, ceilings, or walls, using blower
faces, using hand tools or wires, following blueprint speci- and hose attachments or cement mortar. SKILLSEquip-
fications. Fills blower hopper with insulating materials. ment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equip-
Covers, seals, or finishes insulated surfaces or access holes ment needed to do a job.
with plastic covers, canvas ships, sealant, tape, cement, or
asphalt mastic. Reads blueprints and selects appropriate
insulation, based on the heat-retaining or -excluding char- tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
acteristics of the material. Measures and cuts insulation
for covering surfaces, using tape measure, handsaw, knife,
or scissors. Moves controls, buttons, or levers to start blower
and regulate flow of materials through nozzle. Prepares
surfaces for insulation application by brushing or spread-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finish-
Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance ers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPE
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders activities that include practical, hands-on problems and
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu- world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
lation Workers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and the occupations require working outside and do not in-
Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators; struction Trades, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying
Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumb-
ers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and
such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi-
als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and
Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Se- designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowl-
edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
curity and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pav-
in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
ers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners;
drawings, and models.
Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron

on-the-job training
Insulation Workers, Annual Earnings: $28,000
Growth: 13.6%
Mechanical Annual Job Openings: 12,000
Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 4.7%
Apply insulating materials to pipes, ductwork, or other GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
temperature. Fits, wraps, or attaches insulating materials struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
to structures of surfaces, using hand tools or wires, follow- Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
ing blueprint specifications. Fills blower hopper with insu- ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
lating materials. Covers, seals, or finishes insulated surfaces Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
or access holes with plastic covers, canvas ships, sealant, tape, Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
cement, or asphalt mastic. Reads blueprints and selects ap- Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
propriate insulation, based on the heat-retaining or -exclud- Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
ing characteristics of the material. Measures and cuts Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
insulation for covering surfaces, using tape measure, hand- ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
saw, knife, or scissors. Moves controls, buttons, or levers to and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
start blower and regulate flow of materials through nozzle. Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
Prepare surfaces for insulation application by brushing or lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Manufactured
spreading on adhesives, cement, or asphalt or attaching Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operating Engi-
metal pins to surfaces. Evenly distributes insulating materi- neers; Operating Engineers and Other Construction
als into small spaces within floors, ceilings, or walls, using Equipment Operators; Painters, Construction and Main-
blower and hose attachments or cement mortar. SKILLS tenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters;
equipment needed to do a job. Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Ma-
__________________________________________ Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators
sons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Opera- closely with others.
tors; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons;
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers;
Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems In- struction Trades, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
stallers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Car-
penters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers;
Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers;
such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters.
frequently involve work activities that include practical, designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowl-
edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
drawings, and models.

training
Insurance Adjusters, Annual Earnings: $42,440
Growth: 15.1%
Examiners, and Investigators Annual Job Openings: 25,000
Self-Employed: 3.7%
Part-Time: 7.3%
Investigate, analyze, and determine the extent of insur- cannot be negotiated. SKILLSActive Listening: Giv-
ance companys liability concerning personal, casualty, ing full attention to what other people are saying, taking
or property loss or damages; attempt to effect settlement time to understand the points being made, asking ques-
with claimants. Correspond with or interview medical tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropri-
specialists, agents, witnesses, or claimants to compile ate times. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing
information. Calculate benefit payments and approve as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading
payment of claims within a certain monetary limit. In- Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
vestigates and assesses damage to property. Interviews or paragraphs in work-related documents. Critical Think-
corresponds with claimant and witnesses, consults police ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths
and hospital records, and inspects property damage to and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or
I
determine extent of liability. Interviews or corresponds with approaches to problems. Speaking: Talking to others to
agents and claimants to correct errors or omissions and to convey information effectively.
investigate questionable entries. Analyzes information gath-
ered by investigation and reports findings and recommen- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General
dations. Collects evidence to support contested claims in
court. Communicates with former associates to verify
employment record and to obtain background informa-
tion regarding persons or businesses applying for credit.
Obtains credit information from banks and other credit
services. Refers questionable claims to investigator or claims iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and
adjuster for investigation or settlement. Prepares report of
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts;
findings of investigation. Examines claims form and other
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
records to determine insurance coverage. Examines titles
Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe-
to property to determine validity and acts as company agent
cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training,
in transactions with property owners. Negotiates claim
settlements and recommends litigation when settlement and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Appraisers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge

Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics
Analysts; Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; and their applications. Law and Government: Knowledge
Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchas- of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, govern-
ing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; ment regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the
Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training democratic political process. Economics and Accounting:
and Development Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buy- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
ers, Except Farm Products. PERSONALITY TYPE practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
Enterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve and reporting of financial data. Public Safety and Secu-
starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations rity: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, proce-
can involve leading people and making many decisions. dures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or
They sometimes require risk taking and often deal with national security operations for the protection of people,
business. data, property, and institutions. English Language: Knowl-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health/
Medical Claims Examiner; Insurance. RELATED

Insurance Sales Agents

Growth: 3.3%
Part-Time: 9.3%
Sell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, or other tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Active Lis-
types of insurance. May refer clients to independent bro- tening: Giving full attention to what other people are say-
kers, work as independent broker, or be employed by an ing, taking time to understand the points being made,
insurance company. Advises clients of broker (indepen- asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
dent agent) in selecting casualty, life, or property insur- inappropriate times.
ance. Explains group insurance programs to promote sale
of insurance plan. Selects company that offers type of cov-
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other
erage requested by client to underwrite policy. Discusses
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents;
advantages and disadvantages of various policies. Calls on
Sales Agents, Financial Services; Sales Agents, Securities
policyholders to deliver and explain policy, to suggest ad-
and Commodities; Sales Representatives, Agricultural;
ditions or changes in insurance program, or to change
beneficiaries. Explains necessary bookkeeping requirements Sales Representatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical; Sales
Representatives, Electrical/Electronic; Sales Representa-
for customer to implement and provide group insurance
tives, Instruments; Sales Representatives, Mechanical
program. Establishes clients method of payment. Installs
Equipment and Supplies; Sales Representatives, Medical;
bookkeeping systems and resolves system problems. Plans
Sales Representatives, Services, All Other; Sales Represen-
and oversees incorporation of insurance program into
tatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Sci-
bookkeeping system of company. Contacts underwriter
and submits forms to obtain binder coverage. SKILLS entific Products; Securities, Commodities, and Financial
Services Sales Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnter-
prising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve start-
tively. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
ing up and carrying out projects. These occupations can
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Per-
involve leading people and making many decisions. They
suasion: Persuading others to change their minds or be-
sometimes require risk taking and often deal with busi-
havior. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to
identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu- ness.
___________________________________________________________________ Interior Designers
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Insur- terminology. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-

ance. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales ture and content of the English language, including the
and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon- bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Cleri- tions. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
cal Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical business and management principles involved in strategic
procedures and systems, such as word processing, manag- planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
ing files and records, stenography and transcription, de- leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
signing forms, and other office procedures and nation of people and resources.

Interior Designers

Growth: 17.4%
Part-Time: 20.0%
Plan, design, and furnish interiors of residential, com- the work done and accounting for these expenditures.
mercial, or industrial buildings. Formulate design that is Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec-
practical, aesthetic, and conducive to intended purposes, tively. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
such as raising productivity, selling merchandise, or im-
proving lifestyle. May specialize in a particular field, style,
or phase of interior design. Formulates environmental plan tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com-
to be practical, aesthetic, and conducive to intended pur-
mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other;
poses, such as raising productivity or selling merchandise.
Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Includ-
Estimates material requirements and costs; presents design
ing Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers;
to client for approval. Subcontracts fabrication, installa-
Graphic Designers; Merchandise Displayers and Window
tion, and arrangement of carpeting, fixtures, accessories,
draperies, paint and wall coverings, artwork, furniture, and Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists and Animators; Painters
and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit Designers; Set
related items. Renders design ideas in form of pasteups or
Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY TYPEAr-
drawings. Confers with client to determine factors affect-
tistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve working with
I
ing planning interior environments, such as budget, archi-
forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-ex-
tectural preferences, and purpose and function. Plans and
designs interior environments for boats, planes, buses,
trains, and other enclosed spaces. Advises client on inte- clear set of rules.
rior design factors, such as space planning, layout and uti- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Facilities
lization of furnishings and equipment, and color Planning and Management; Interior Architecture; Inte-
coordination. Selects or designs and purchases furnishings, rior Design; Textile Science. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
artwork, and accessories. SKILLSCoordination: Adjust- COURSESDesign: Knowledge of design techniques,
ing actions in relation to others actions. Active Listening: tools, and principles involved in production of precision
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Admin-
ing time to understand the points being made, asking ques- istration and Management: Knowledge of business and
tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
times. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and product source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
requirements to create a design. Management of Financial technique, production methods, and coordination of
Resources: Determining how money will be spent to get people and resources. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
selling products or services. This includes marketing strat- their applications. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and
egy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
and sales control systems. Mathematics: Knowledge of works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

degree
Internists, General Growth: 17.9%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Diagnose and provide non-surgical treatment of diseases decision-making. Judgment and Decision Making: Con-
and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care sidering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions
mainly for adults who have a wide range of problems to choose the most appropriate one. Mathematics: Using
associated with the internal organs. Examines or con- mathematics to solve problems. Writing: Communicat-
ducts tests on patient to provide information on medical ing effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of
condition. Analyzes records, reports, test results, or ex- the audience. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
amination information to diagnose medical condition of what other people are saying, taking time to understand
patient. Explains procedures and discusses test results on the points being made, asking questions as appropriate,
prescribed treatments with patents. Prescribes or admin- and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
isters treatment, therapy, medication, vaccination, and
other specialized medical care to treat or prevent illness,
disease, or injury. Refers patient to medical specialist or Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur-
other practitioner when necessary. Plans, implements, or
ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Medical
administers health programs or standards in hospital, busi-
Assistants; Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Pediatricians,
ness, or community for information, prevention, or treat-
General; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy Tech-
ment of injury or illness. Prepares reports for government
nicians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All
or management of birth, death, and disease statistics,
workforce evaluations, or medical status of individuals. Other; Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgi-
cal Technologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative.
Conducts research to study anatomy and develop or test
medications, treatments, or procedures to prevent or con-
ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. These
trol disease or injury. Directs and coordinates activities of
nurses, students, assistants, specialists, therapists, and other
out problems mentally.
medical staff. Advises patients and community concern-
ing diet, activity, hygiene, and disease prevention. Col- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cardiol-
lects, records, and maintains patient information, such as ogy; Critical Care Medicine; Endocrinology and Metabo-
medical history, reports, and examination results. Oper- lism; Gastroenterology; Geriatric Medicine; Hematology;
ates on patients to remove, repair, or improve functioning Infectious Disease; Internal Medicine; Nephrology; Neu-
of diseased or injured body parts and systems and delivers rology; Nuclear Medicine; Oncology; Pulmonary Disease;
babies. Monitors patientscondition and progress and re- Rheumatology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
evaluates treatments as necessary. SKILLSReading COURSESMedicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
paragraphs in work-related documents. Science: Using human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Active symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
Learning: Understanding the implications of new infor- interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Biol-
mation for both current and future problem-solving and ogy: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their
___________________________________________________________ Interpreters and Translators
tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac- physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
tions with each other and the environment. English Lan- ing and guidance. Administration and Management:
guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the Knowledge of business and management principles in-
English language, including the meaning and spelling of volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Therapy and resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro- methods, and coordination of people and resources.
cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of

training
Interpreters and Translators Growth: 23.8%
Self-Employed: 2.4%
Part-Time: 20.6%
Translate or interpret written, oral, or sign language text and Literature; American Indian/Native American Lan-
into another language for others. Translates approximate guages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Ancient Near East-
or exact message of speaker into specified language orally ern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics;
or by using hand signs for hearing impaired. Listens to Ancient/Classical Greek Language and Literature; Arabic
statements of speaker to ascertain meaning and to remem- Language and Literature; Australian/Oceanic/Pacific Lan-
ber what is said, using electronic audio system. Translates guages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Bahasa Indonesian/
responses from second language to first. Reads written Bahasa Malay Languages and Literatures; Baltic Languages,
material, such as legal documents, scientific works, or news Literatures, and Linguistics; Bengali Language and Lit-
reports, and rewrites material into specified language ac- erature; Bulgarian Language and Literature; Burmese Lan-
cording to established rules of grammar. Receives infor- guage and Literature; Catalan Language and Literature;
mation on subject to be discussed prior to interpreting Celtic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Chinese
session. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention Language and Literature; Classics and Classical Languages,
to what other people are saying, taking time to under- Literatures, and Linguistics, General; Classics and Classi-
stand the points being made, asking questions as appro- cal Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other; Czech
priate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Language and Literature; Danish Language and Litera-
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- ture; Dutch/Flemish Language and Literature; East Asian
priate for the needs of the audience. Reading Compre- Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General; East Asian
I
hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other; Filipino/
in work-related documents. Speaking: Talking to others Tagalog Language and Literature; Finnish and Related
to convey information effectively. Service Orientation: Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Foreign Languages
Actively looking for ways to help people. and Literatures, General; Foreign Languages, Literatures,
and Linguistics, Other; French Language and Literature;
German Language and Literature; Germanic Languages,
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.03. News, Broad-
Literatures, and Linguistics, General; Germanic Languages,
casting, and Public Relations. Other Job Titles in This
Literatures, and Linguistics, Other; Hebrew Language and
Work Group: Broadcast News Analysts; Caption Writers;
Literature; Hindi Language and Literature; Hungarian/
Public Relations Specialists; Reporters and Correspondents.
Magyar Language and Literature; Iranian/Persian Lan-
PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations guages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Italian Language and
frequently involve working with forms, designs, and pat-
Literature; Japanese Language and Literature; Khmer/
Cambodian Language and Literature; Korean Language
and Literature; Language Interpretation and Translation;
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)African Lao/Laotian Language and Literature; Latin Language and
Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics; Albanian Language Literature; Latin Teacher Education; Linguistics; Middle/
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Near Eastern and Semitic Languages, Literatures, and Lin- munication, and dissemination techniques and methods.
guistics, Other; others. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/ This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via
COURSESForeign Language: Knowledge of the struc- written, oral, and visual media. Sociology and Anthro-
ture and content of a foreign (non-English) language, in- pology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, so-
cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of cietal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity,
composition and grammar, and pronunciation. English and cultures and their history and origins. Customer and
Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
English language, including the meaning and spelling of for providing customer and personal services. This includes
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Communica- customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
tions and Media: Knowledge of media production, com- services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

training
Interviewers, Except Annual Earnings: $21,880
Growth: 33.4%
Eligibility and Loan Annual Job Openings: 53,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.5%
Interview persons by telephone, by mail, in person, or Clerks; Medical Secretaries; Municipal Clerks; Secretar-
by other means for the purpose of completing forms, ies, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive; Welfare Eligi-
applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, bility Workers and Interviewers. PERSONALITY
record answers, and assist persons with completing form. TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
May sort, classify, and file forms. Contacts persons at quently involve following set procedures and routines.
home, place of business, or field location by telephone, by These occupations can include working with data and
mail, or in person. Explains reason for questioning and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
other specified information. Compiles and sorts data from of authority to follow.
interview and reviews to correct errors. Asks questions to
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Recep-
obtain various specified information, such as persons name,
tionist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCleri-
address, age, religion, and state of residency. Assists per-
son in filling out application or questionnaire. Records cal Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical
procedures and systems, such as word processing, manag-
results and data from interview or survey, using computer
ing files and records, stenography and transcription, de-
or specified form. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others
signing forms, and other office procedures and
to convey information effectively. Active Listening: Giv-
terminology. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
time to understand the points being made, asking ques-
tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropri- computer hardware and software, including applications
and programming. English Language: Knowledge of the
ate times. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
ments. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reac-
and grammar. Telecommunications: Knowledge of trans-
tions and understanding why they react as they do.
mission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business of telecommunications systems. Mathematics: Knowledge
Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics
Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem- and their applications. Personnel and Human Resources:
ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel re-
License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Pro- cruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits,
grams; Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants; labor relations and negotiation, and personnel informa-
Legal Secretaries; License Clerks; Loan Interviewers and tion systems.
______________________________________________________________ Irradiated-Fuel Handlers

on-the-job training
Irradiated-Fuel Handlers Growth: 32.8%
Self-Employed: 1.5%
Part-Time: 5.2%
Package, store, and convey irradiated fuels and wastes, Recyclable Material Collectors; Tank Car, Truck, and Ship
using hoists, mechanical arms, shovels, and industrial Loaders. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic
truck. Operates machines and equipment to package, store, occupations frequently involve work activities that include
or transport loads of waste materials. Follows prescribed practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
safety procedures and complies with federal laws regulat- deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
ing waste disposal methods. Cleans contaminated equip- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
ment for reuse, using detergents and solvents, sandblasters, quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
filter pumps, and steam cleaners. Records number of con- work or working closely with others.
tainers stored at disposal site and specifies amount and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Hazard-
type of equipment and waste disposed. Mixes and pours
ous Materials Management and Waste Technology/Tech-
concrete into forms to encase waste material for disposal.
nician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Drives truck to convey contaminated waste to designated
sea or ground location. Loads and unloads materials into COURSESProduction and Processing: Knowledge of
raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs,
containers and onto trucks, using hoists or forklift.
and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu-
facture and distribution of goods. Transportation: Knowl-
Operation and Control: Controlling operations of equip-
ment or systems.
benefits. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical compo-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial sition, structure, and properties of substances and of the
Production. Work Group: 08.07. Hands-on Work: Load- chemical processes and transformations that they undergo.
ing, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying. Other Job Titles This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions,
in This Work Group: Conveyor Operators and Tenders; danger signs, production techniques, and disposal meth-
Crane and Tower Operators; Dragline Operators; Exca- ods. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant
vating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators; equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Hoist and effective local, state, or national security operations for
I
Winch Operators; Industrial Truck and Tractor Opera- the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
tors; Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Law and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes,
Hand; Machine Feeders and Offbearers; Material Mov- court procedures, precedents, government regulations,
ing Workers, All Other; Packers and Packagers, Hand; executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic politi-
Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers; Refuse and cal process.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Janitorial Supervisors Growth: 14.2%
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 6.4%
Supervise work activities of janitorial personnel in com- Personal Service Workers; Food Service Managers; Gam-
mercial and industrial establishments. Assign duties, in- ing Managers; Gaming Supervisors; Housekeeping Super-
spect work, and investigate complaints regarding visors; Lodging Managers; Meeting and Convention
janitorial services and take corrective action. May pur- Planners. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
chase janitorial supplies and equipment, take periodic prising occupations frequently involve starting up and car-
inventories, screen applicants, train new employees, and rying out projects. These occupations can involve leading
recommend dismissals. Supervises and coordinates activi- people and making many decisions. They sometimes re-
ties of workers engaged in janitorial services. Assigns jani- quire risk taking and often deal with business.
torial work to employees, following material and work
requirements. Inspects work performed to ensure conform-
available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAd-
ance to specifications and established standards. Records
personnel data on specified forms. Recommends person-
and management principles involved in strategic planning,
nel actions, such as hires and discharges, to ensure proper
staffing. Confers with staff to resolve production and per- resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
sonnel problems. Trains workers in janitorial methods and
people and resources. Personnel and Human Resources:
procedures and proper operation of equipment. Issues jani-
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel re-
torial supplies and equipment to workers to ensure qual-
cruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits,
ity and timely delivery of services.
labor relations and negotiation, and personnel informa-
others actions. Time Management: Managing ones own tion systems. Education and Training: Knowledge of prin-
time and the time of others. Management of Personnel
the measurement of training effects. Customer and Per-
as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Speak-
understanding why they react as they do. Writing: Com- customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Chem-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01. of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, produc-
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- tion techniques, and disposal methods. English Language:
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi- language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers; rules of composition, and grammar. Principles of Me-
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and chanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, in-
Janitorial Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of cluding their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
______________________________ Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Janitors and Cleaners, training
Except Maids and Growth: 13.5%
Housekeeping Cleaners Self-Employed: 5.6%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform ing routine maintenance on equipment and determining
heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampoo- when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Repair-
ing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rub- ing: Repairing machines or systems, using the needed tools.
bish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and
performing routine maintenance activities, notifying equipment needed to do a job. Troubleshooting: Deter-
management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or mining causes of operating errors and deciding what to
debris from sidewalk. Sweeps, mops, scrubs, and vacu- do about them. Operation and Control: Controlling op-
ums floors of buildings, using cleaning solutions, tools, erations of equipment or systems.
and equipment. Cleans or polishes walls, ceilings, win-
dows, plant equipment, and building fixtures, using steam
cleaning equipment, scrapers, brooms, and variety of hand
Cleaning and Building Services. Other Job Titles in This
and power tools. Gathers and empties trash. Notifies man-
Work Group: Building Cleaning Workers, All Other;
agement personnel concerning need for major repairs or
additions to building operating systems. Dusts furniture, Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants;
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners. PERSONALITY
walls, machines, and equipment. Moves items between
departments manually or using hand truck. Sets up, ar-
ranges, and removes decorations, tables, chairs, ladders,
and scaffolding for events such as banquets and social func-
tions. Requisitions supplies and equipment used in clean-
ing and maintenance duties. Sprays insecticides and of the occupations require working outside and do not
fumigants to prevent insect and rodent infestation. Cleans
laboratory equipment, such as glassware and metal instru- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
ments, using solvents, brushes, rags, and power cleaning available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
equipment. Mows and trims lawns and shrubbery, using Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
mowers and hand and power trimmers, and clears debris and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
from grounds. Mixes water and detergents or acids in con- tenance. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical compo-
tainer to prepare cleaning solutions according to specifi- sition, structure, and properties of substances and of the
cations. Drives vehicles, such as van, industrial truck, or chemical processes and transformations that they undergo.
industrial vacuum cleaner. Cleans chimneys, flues, and This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions,
connecting pipes, using power and hand tools. Cleans and danger signs, production techniques, and disposal meth-
restores building interiors damaged by fire, smoke, or water, ods. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of prin-
using commercial cleaning equipment. Services and re- ciples and processes for providing customer and personal
pairs cleaning and maintenance equipment and machin- services. This includes customer needs assessment, meet-
ery and performs minor routine painting, plumbing, ing quality standards for services, and evaluation of cus-
electrical, and related activities. Removes snow from side- tomer satisfaction. Building and Construction: Knowledge
J
walks, driveways, and parking areas, using snowplow, snow- of materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
blower, and snow shovel, and spreads snow-melting tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
chemicals. Tends, cleans, adjusts, and services furnaces, such as highways and roads. Mathematics: Knowledge of
air conditioners, boilers, and other building heating and arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
cooling systems. Applies waxes or sealers to wood or con- their applications.
crete floors. SKILLSEquipment Maintenance: Perform-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Kindergarten Teachers,

Growth: 14.5%
Except Special Education

Self-Employed: 1.5%
Part-Time: 32.4%
Teach elemental natural and social science, personal hy- Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
giene, music, art, and literature to children from 4 to 6 Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
years old. Promote physical, mental, and social develop- Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio-
ment. May be required to hold state certification. Teaches logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
elemental science, personal hygiene, and humanities to ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
children to promote physical, mental, and social develop- Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
ment. Supervises student activities, such as field visits, to Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
stimulate student interest and broaden understanding of Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
physical and social environment. Organizes and conducts Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
games and group projects to develop cooperative behav- Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
ior and assist children in forming satisfying relationships. cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
Encourages students in activities, such as singing, danc- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
ing, and rhythmic activities, to promote self-expression Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
and appreciation of aesthetic experience. Instructs chil- Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
dren in practices of personal cleanliness and self-care. ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
Observes children to detect signs of ill health or emotional Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
disturbance and to evaluate progress. Discusses student erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
problems and progress with parents. Alternates periods of tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
strenuous activity with periods of rest or light activity to Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
avoid overstimulation and fatigue. SKILLSLearning cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional meth- Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
ods and procedures appropriate for the situation when Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assis-
learning or teaching new things. Monitoring: Monitor- tants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing/Assessing your performance or that of other individu- Library Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
als or organizations to make improvements or take Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
corrective action. Speaking: Talking to others to convey Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
information effectively. Reading Comprehension: Under- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
other people are saying, taking time to understand the Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others.
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Early
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Childhood Education and Teaching; Kindergarten/Pre-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, school Education and Teaching. RELATED KNOWL-
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, EDGE/COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge
________________________________________________________________ Landscape Architects
of principles and methods for curriculum and training words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology:
design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
and the measurement of training effects. Customer and vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
for providing customer and personal services. This includes the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
L
customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for disorders. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and tech-
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English niques required to compose, produce, and perform works
Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

training
Laborers and Freight, Stock, Annual Earnings: $19,440
Growth: 13.9%
and Material Movers, Hand Annual Job Openings: 519,000
Self-Employed: 2.1%
Part-Time: 38.4%
Manually move freight, stock, or other materials or per- Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Hoist and Winch Op-
form other unskilled general labor. Includes all unskilled erators; Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators; Irradiated-
manual laborers not elsewhere classified. SKILLSNo Fuel Handlers; Machine Feeders and Offbearers; Material
data available. Moving Workers, All Other; Packers and Packagers, Hand;
Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers; Refuse and
Recyclable Material Collectors; Tank Car, Truck, and Ship
Production. Work Group: 08.07. Hands-on Work: Load- Loaders. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
ing, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying. Other Job Titles
in This Work Group: Conveyor Operators and Tenders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Crane and Tower Operators; Dragline Operators; Excavat- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
ing and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators; Freight, data available.

Landscape Architects

Growth: 31.1%
Part-Time: 8.0%
Plan and design land areas for such projects as parks and program. Inspects landscape work to ensure compliance
other recreational facilities; airports; highways; hospi- with specifications, approve quality of materials and work,
tals; schools; land subdivisions; and commercial, indus- and advise client and construction personnel. SKILLS
trial, and residential sites. Prepares site plans, specifications, Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela-
and cost estimates for land development, coordinating tive costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the
arrangement of existing and proposed land features and most appropriate one. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
structures. Compiles and analyzes data on conditions such reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of al-
as location, drainage, and location of structures for envi- ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob-
ronmental reports and landscaping plans. Confers with lems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
clients, engineering personnel, and architects on overall people are saying, taking time to understand the points
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- gineers. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occu-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Active Learning: Un- pations frequently involve working with forms, designs,
derstanding the implications of new information for both and patterns. They often require self-expression, and the
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems
and reviewing related information to develop and evalu-
mental Design/Architecture; Landscape Architecture (BS,
ate options and implement solutions.
BSLA, BLA, MSLA, MLA, PhD). RELATED KNOWL-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, EDGE/COURSESDesign: Knowledge of design tech-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.07. Engineer- niques, tools, and principles involved in production of
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and mod-
Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Architects, Except els. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, ge-
Landscape and Naval; Biomedical Engineers; Chemical ometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hardware Engi- Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practi-
neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Com- cal application of engineering science and technology. This
puter Software Engineers, Systems Software; Electrical includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Computer; En- equipment to the design and production of various goods
gineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers; Fire-Preven- and services. Administration and Management: Knowl-
tion and Protection Engineers; Health and Safety edge of business and management principles involved in
Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspec- strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
tors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and Health modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
Engineers; Marine Architects; Marine Engineers; Marine coordination of people and resources. Biology: Knowl-
Engineers and Naval Architects; Materials Engineers; edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
Mechanical Engineers; Mining and Geological Engineers, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each
Including Mining Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers; other and the environment.
Petroleum Engineers; Product Safety Engineers; Sales En-

training
Landscaping and Annual Earnings: $19,120
Growth: 29.0%
Groundskeeping Workers Annual Job Openings: 193,000
Part-Time: 28.5%
Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand with dirt in holes, inserts plants, and fills holes with dirt.
or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform Attaches wires from planted trees to support stakes. Shov-
a variety of tasks, which may include any combination els snow from walks and driveways. Builds forms and mixes
of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, plant- and pours cement to form garden borders. Maintains tools
ing, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler in- and equipment. Seeds and fertilizes lawns. SKILLS
stallation, and installation of mortarless segmental Operation and Control: Controlling operations of equip-
concrete masonry wall units. Mows lawns, using power ment or systems. Installation: Installing equipment,
mower. Trims and picks flowers and cleans flower beds. machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Hauls or spreads topsoil; spreads straw over seeded soil to Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
hold soil in place. Applies herbicides, fungicides, fertiliz-
ers, and pesticides, using spreaders or spray equipment.
Animals. Work Group: 03.03. Hands-on Work in Plants
Decorates garden with stones and plants. Waters lawns,
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
trees, and plants, using portable sprinkler system, hose, or
Agricultural Equipment Operators; Fallers; Farmworkers
watering can. Digs holes for plants, mixes fertilizer or lime
______________________ Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Operators and Tenders, Except Pressing
and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Landscap-

Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch Animals; Fishers and Re- ing and Groundskeeping; Turf and Turfgrass Management.
lated Fishing Workers; Forest and Conservation Techni- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChemistry:
cians; Forest and Conservation Workers; General Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and
Farmworkers; Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other; properties of substances and of the chemical processes and
L
Hunters and Trappers; Logging Equipment Operators; transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of
Logging Tractor Operators; Logging Workers, All Other; chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
Nursery Workers; Pest Control Workers; Pesticide Han- techniques, and disposal methods. Principles of Mechani-
dlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation; Tree Trim- cal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including
mers and Pruners. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Building and
Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings,
often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials or other structures, such as highways and roads. Biology:
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa- Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their tis-
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of sues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions
paperwork or working closely with others. with each other and the environment.

training
Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Annual Earnings: $16,360
Growth: 11.4%
Workers Annual Job Openings: 62,000
Part-Time: 26.3%
Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to erators and Tenders, Except Pressing; Precision Dyers; Press-
wash or dry-clean industrial or household articles, such ers, Delicate Fabrics; Pressers, Hand; Pressers, Textile, Gar-
as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets, draper- ment, and Related Materials; Shoe and Leather Workers
ies, fine linens, rugs, and carpets. SKILLSNo data and Repairers; Shop and Alteration Tailors; Spotters, Dry
available. Cleaning; Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers; Tex-
tile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers, All Other; Uphol-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, sterers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
Apparel, Shoes, Leather, and Fabric Care. Other Job Titles EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
in This Work Group: Custom Tailors; Fabric Menders, available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
Except Garment; Laundry and Drycleaning Machine Op- data available.

Laundry and Drycleaning on-the-job training
Machine Operators Growth: 11.4%
and Tenders, Except Pressing Self-Employed: 11.4%
Part-Time: 26.3%
Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to kets, draperies, fine linens, rugs, and carpets. Starts
wash or dry-clean commercial, industrial, or household washer, dry-cleaner, drier, or extractor and turns valves or
articles, such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blan- levers to regulate and monitor cleaning or drying opera-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
tions. Loads or directs other workers to load articles into Except Garment; Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers;
washer or dry-cleaning machine. Starts pumps to operate Precision Dyers; Pressers, Delicate Fabrics; Pressers, Hand;
distilling system that drains and reclaims dry-cleaning sol- Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials; Shoe
vents. Adjusts switches to tend and regulate equipment and Leather Workers and Repairers; Shop and Alteration
that fumigates and removes foreign matter from furs. Tailors; Spotters, Dry Cleaning; Tailors, Dressmakers, and
Cleans machine filters and lubricates equipment. Mends Custom Sewers; Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Work-
and sews articles, using hand stitching, adhesive patch, or ers, All Other; Upholsterers. PERSONALITY TYPE
power sewing machine. Hangs curtains, drapes, blankets, Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work
pants, and other garments on stretch frames to dry and activities that include practical, hands-on problems and
transports items between specified locations. Irons or solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
presses articles, fabrics, and furs, using hand iron or press- world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
ing machine. Receives and marks articles for laundry or the occupations require working outside and do not in-
dry cleaning with identifying code number or name, us- volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
ing hand or machine marker. Sorts and counts articles re-
moved from dryer and folds, wraps, or hangs items for
airing out, pickup, or delivery. Examines and sorts articles
to be cleaned into lots, according to color, fabric, dirt con- Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles
tent, and cleaning technique required. Pre-soaks, steril-
izes, scrubs, spot-cleans, and dries contaminated or stained
articles, using neutralizer solutions and portable machines.
satisfaction. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Washes, dry-cleans, or glazes delicate articles or fur gar-
ment linings by hand, using mild detergent or dry-clean-
ing solutions. Removes or directs other workers to remove repair, and maintenance. Chemistry: Knowledge of the
chemical composition, structure, and properties of sub-
items from washer or dry-cleaning machine and move
stances and of the chemical processes and transformations
them into extractor or tumbler. Tends variety of automatic
that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and
machines that comb and polish furs; clean, sterilize, and
their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
fluff feathers and blankets; and roll and package towels.
and disposal methods. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
Mixes and adds detergents, dyes, bleach, starch, and other
solutions and chemicals to clean, color, dry, or stiffen ar- ministrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as
ticles. SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling
operations of equipment or systems. Operation Monitor-
cedures and terminology. Production and Processing:
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, qual-
sure a machine is working properly.
ity control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Math-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.06. ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Apparel, Shoes, Leather, and Fabric Care. Other Job Titles culus, and statistics and their applications.
in This Work Group: Custom Tailors; Fabric Menders,

degree
Law Teachers, Postsecondary Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in law. SKILLSNo data available. and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser-
______________________________________________________________ Lawn Service Managers
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and In- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
structors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teach-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; ers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
L
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Librar-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, ians; Library Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teach-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- ers, Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teach-
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; ers, Except Special and Vocational Education; Museum
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Technicians and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Phi-
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, losophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Pre-
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School school Teachers, Except Special Education; others. PER-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special SONALITY TYPENo data available.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Law
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
(LL.B., J.D.); Legal Studies, General. RELATED

Lawn Service Managers Growth: 20.1%
Part-Time: 24.5%
Plan, direct, and coordinate activities of workers engaged tifying the best people for the job. Coordination: Adjust-
in pruning trees and shrubs, cultivating lawns, and ap- ing actions in relation to others actions. Speaking: Talk-
plying pesticides and other chemicals according to ser- ing to others to convey information effectively.
vice contract specifications. Supervises workers who Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
provide groundskeeping services on a contract basis. In-
vestigates customer complaints. Prepares work activity and
personnel reports. Suggests changes in work procedures Animals. Work Group: 03.01. Managerial Work in Plants
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
and orders corrective work done. Spot-checks completed
Agricultural Crop Farm Managers; Farm Labor Contrac-
work to improve quality of service and to ensure contract
tors; Farmers and Ranchers; First-Line Supervisors and
compliance. Schedules work for crew according to weather
Manager/SupervisorsAgricultural Crop Workers; First-
conditions, availability of equipment, and seasonal limi-
Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Care
tations. Reviews contracts to ascertain service, machine,
and work force requirements for job. Prepares service cost Workers, Except Livestock; First-Line Supervisors and
Manager/SupervisorsAnimal Husbandry Workers; First-
estimates for customers. Answers customers questions
Line Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsFishery
about groundskeeping care requirements. SKILLSTime
Workers; First-Line Supervisors and Manager/Supervi-
sorsHorticultural Workers; First-Line Supervisors and
others. Management of Personnel Resources: Motivat-
Manager/SupervisorsLandscaping Workers; First-Line
ing, developing, and directing people as they work, iden-
Supervisors and Manager/SupervisorsLogging Workers;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Farming, Fishing, and resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Forestry Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of methods, and coordination of people and resources. Cus-
Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Work- tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
ers; Fish Hatchery Managers; Nursery and Greenhouse processes for providing customer and personal services.
Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter- This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
prising occupations frequently involve starting up and ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead- isfaction. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge
ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment,
require risk taking and often deal with business. selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Land- Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
scaping and Groundskeeping; Ornamental Horticulture;
Turf and Turfgrass Management. RELATED KNOWL-

degree
Lawyers Growth: 18.0%
Part-Time: 7.0%
Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other ments in preparation for presentation of case. Gathers evi-
legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, and man- dence to formulate defense or to initiate legal actions.
age or advise clients on legal transactions. May special- Advises clients concerning business transactions, claim li-
ize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas ability, advisability of prosecuting or defending lawsuits,
of law. Conducts case, examining and cross-examining or legal rights and obligations. Interviews clients and wit-
witnesses, and summarizes case to judge or jury. Exam- nesses to ascertain facts of case. SKILLSReading Com-
ines legal data to determine advisability of defending or prehension: Understanding written sentences and
prosecuting lawsuit. Studies Constitution, statutes, deci- paragraphs in work-related documents. Persuasion: Per-
sions, regulations, and ordinances of quasi-judicial bod- suading others to change their minds or behavior. Speak-
ies. Interprets laws, rulings, and regulations for individuals ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
and business. Presents evidence to defend client in civil or Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
criminal litigation. Presents evidence to prosecute defen- the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
dant in civil or criminal litigation. Represents client in clusions, or approaches to problems. Writing: Communi-
court or before government agency. Searches for and ex- cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
amines public and other legal records to write opinions or of the audience.
establish ownership. Acts as agent, trustee, guardian, or
executor for business or individuals. Probates wills and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.02. Law.
represents and advises executors and administrators of es-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Administrative Law
tates. Prepares opinions on legal issues. Prepares and drafts
Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers; Arbitrators,
legal documents, such as wills, deeds, patent applications,
Mediators, and Conciliators; Judges, Magistrate Judges, and
mortgages, leases, and contracts. Prepares and files legal
Magistrates; Law Clerks; Legal Support Workers, All Other;
briefs. Confers with colleagues with specialty in area of
legal issue to establish and verify basis for legal proceed- Paralegals and Legal Assistants; Title Examiners and Ab-
stractors; Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers; Title
ing. Evaluates findings and develops strategy and argu-
___________________________________________________________________ Legal Secretaries
Searchers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter- (LL.M, J.S.D./S.J.D.). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

prising occupations frequently involve starting up and car- COURSESLaw and Government: Knowledge of laws,
rying out projects. These occupations can involve leading legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government
people and making many decisions. They sometimes re- regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the demo-
quire risk taking and often deal with business. cratic political process. English Language: Knowledge of
L
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Advanced
ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Legal Research/Studies, General (LL.M., M.C.L., M.L.I.,
tion, and grammar. Administration and Management:
M.S.L., J.S.D./S.J.D.); American/U.S. Law/Legal Stud-
ies/Jurisprudence (LL.M., M.C.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.); Bank-
ing, Corporate, Finance, and Securities Law (LL.M.,
J.S.D./S.J.D.); Canadian Law/Legal Studies/Jurisprudence
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Edu-
(LL.M., M.C.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.); Comparative Law (LL.M.,
M.C.L., J.S.D./S.J.D.); Energy, Environment, and Natu-
ral Resources Law (LL.M., M.S., J.S.D./S.J.D.); Health
Law (LL.M., M.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.); International Business,
ment of training effects. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
Trade, and Tax Law (LL.M., J.S.D./S.J.D.); International
Law and Legal Studies (LL.M., J.S.D./S.J.D.); Law (LL.B.,
J.D.); Legal Professions and Studies, Other; Legal Research
and Advanced Professional Studies, Other; Programs for
Foreign Lawyers (LL.M., M.C.L.); Tax Law/Taxation

vocational training
Legal Secretaries Growth: 20.3%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 19.8%
Perform secretarial duties utilizing legal terminology, memos. Receives and places telephone calls. Schedules and
procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and makes appointments. Makes photocopies of correspon-
correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, mo- dence, document, and other printed matter. SKILLS
tions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
Prepares and processes legal documents and papers, such sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ-
as summonses, subpoenas, complaints, appeals, motions, ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
and pretrial agreements. Reviews legal publications and for the needs of the audience. Active Listening: Giving
performs database searches to identify laws and court de- full attention to what other people are saying, taking time
cisions relevant to pending cases. Submits articles and in- to understand the points being made, asking questions as
formation from searches to attorneys for review and appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
approval for use. Assists attorneys in collecting informa- Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
tion such as employment, medical, and other records. Or- the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
ganizes and maintains law libraries and document and case clusions, or approaches to problems. Active Learning:
files. Completes various forms, such as accident reports, Understanding the implications of new information for
trial and courtroom requests, and applications for clients. both current and future problem-solving and decision-
Mails, faxes, or arranges for delivery of legal correspon- making.
dence to clients, witnesses, and court officials. Attends le-
gal meetings, such as client interviews, hearings, or
Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other
depositions, and takes notes. Drafts and types office
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem- as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Pro- procedures and terminology. Law and Government:
grams; Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants; Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan; License Clerks; dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
Loan Interviewers and Clerks; Medical Secretaries; Mu- rules, and the democratic political process. English Lan-
nicipal Clerks; Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, and guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En-
Executive; Welfare Eligibility Workers and Interviewers. glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional rules of composition, and grammar. Computers and Elec-
occupations frequently involve following set procedures tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, elec-
and routines. These occupations can include working with tronic equipment, and computer hardware and software,
data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a including applications and programming. Telecommuni-
clear line of authority to follow. cations: Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switch-
ing, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Legal Ad- Communications and Media: Knowledge of media pro-
ministrative Assistant/Secretary. RELATED KNOWL- duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
EDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowledge of and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and
administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

training
Library Assistants, Clerical Growth: 19.7%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 61.7%
Compile records, sort and shelve books, and issue and brush, and places plastic covers on new books. Prepares
receive library materials, such as pictures, cards, slides address labels for books to be mailed, overdue notices, and
and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and re- duty schedules, using computer or typewriter. Operates
place material in shelving area, stacks, or files according and maintains audio-visual equipment and explains use
to identification number and title. Register patrons to of reference equipment to patrons. Places books in mail-
permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other li- ing container, affixes address label, and secures container
brary materials. Issues borrowers identification card ac- with straps for mailing to blind library patrons. Selects
cording to established procedures. Drives bookmobile to substitute titles, following criteria such as age, education,
specified locations following library services schedule and and interest, when requested materials are unavailable.
to garage for preventive maintenance and repairs. Locates Inspects returned books for damage, verifies due date, and
library materials for patrons, such as books, periodicals, computes and receives overdue fines. Reviews records, such
tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures. Classifies and as microfilm and issue cards, to determine title of overdue
catalogs items according to contents and purpose. Sorts materials and to identify borrower. Prepares, stores, and
books, publications, and other items according to proce- retrieves classification and catalog information, lecture
dure and returns them to shelves, files, or other desig- notes, or other documents related to document stored,
nated storage area. Issues books to patrons and records or using computer. Answers routine inquiries and refers pa-
scans information on borrowers card. Maintains records trons who need professional assistance to librarian.
of items received, stored, issued, and returned and files SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
catalog cards according to system used. Delivers and re- ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
trieves items to and from departments by hand or push Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
cart. Repairs books, using mending tape and paste and people are saying, taking time to understand the points
_________________________________________________ Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Science Teach-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orientation: ers, Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical
Actively looking for ways to help people. Writing: Com- Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teach-
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the ers, Except Special and Vocational Education; Museum
needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others to con- Technicians and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and
L
vey information effectively. Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Phi-
losophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics
Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Pre-
school Teachers, Except Special Education; others. PER-
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and SONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
occupations frequently involve following set procedures
and routines. These occupations can include working with
data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
clear line of authority to follow.
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Library
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- Assistant/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- COURSESClerical Studies: Knowledge of administra-
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; tive and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro-
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, cessing, managing files and records, stenography and
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, and terminology. English Language: Knowledge of the
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, structure and content of the English language, including
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School and grammar. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special edge of principles and processes for providing customer
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and ation of customer satisfaction. Computers and
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit- Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva- electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, ware, including applications and programming. Commu-
Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe- nications and Media: Knowledge of media production,
cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, communication, and dissemination techniques and meth-
Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; ods. This includes alternative ways to inform and enter-
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law tain via written, oral, and visual media.

Library Science Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in library science. SKILLSNo data GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
available. and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
Literacy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and In- Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
structors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Ar- Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
chitecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth- tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Assistants, Clerical; Library Technicians; Mathematical
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers,
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Except Special and Vocational Education; Museum Tech-
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; nicians and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teach-
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- ers, Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom- Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers,
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School TYPENo data available.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Library
Science/Librarianship; Teacher Education and Professional
Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other. RELATED

training
Library Technicians Growth: 19.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs materials. Issues identification card to borrowers
catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other and checks materials in and out. Compiles and maintains
materials and by answering questions that require only records relating to circulation, materials, and equipment.
brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; Composes explanatory summaries of contents of books or
sort and shelve books; remove or repair damaged books; other reference materials. Designs posters and special dis-
register patrons; check materials in and out of the circu- plays to promote use of library facilities or specific read-
lation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) ing program at library. Prepares order slips for materials,
or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who operate book- follows up on orders, and compiles lists of materials ac-
mobiles or light trucks that pull trailers to specific loca- quired or withdrawn. Directs activities of library clerks
tions on a predetermined schedule and assist with and aides. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
providing services in mobile libraries. Assists patrons in standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
operating equipment and obtaining library materials and documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
services; explains use of reference tools. Reviews subject other people are saying, taking time to understand the
matter of materials to be classified and selects classifica- points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
tion numbers and headings according to classification sys- not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Com-
tem. Files catalog cards according to system used. Verifies municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the
bibliographical data, including author, title, publisher, needs of the audience. Service Orientation: Actively look-
publication date, and edition, on computer terminal. Pro- ing for ways to help people. Speaking: Talking to others
cesses print and non-print library materials; classifies and to convey information effectively.
______________________________________________________________________ License Clerks
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education and Teachers, Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors;
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Phys-
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers,
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Pre-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; school Teachers, Except Special Education; others. PER-
L
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; SONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, occupations frequently involve following set procedures
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, and routines. These occupations can include working with
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, clear line of authority to follow.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Library
Assistant/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESClerical Studies: Knowledge of administra-
tive and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro-
cessing, managing files and records, stenography and
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
and terminology. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
ation of customer satisfaction. English Language:
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
rules of composition, and grammar. Computers and Elec-
Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
calculus, and statistics and their applications. Communi-
cations and Media: Knowledge of media production, com-
Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Math-
This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via
ematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School
written, oral, and visual media.
Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education; Mu-
seum Technicians and Conservators; Nursing Instructors

training
License Clerks Growth: 12.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Issue licenses or permits to qualified applicants. Obtain Questions applicant to obtain information, such as name,
necessary information, record data, advise applicants on address, and age, and records data on prescribed forms.
requirements, collect fees, and issue licenses. May Collects prescribed fee. Conducts oral, visual, written, or
conduct oral, written, visual, or performance testing. performance test to determine applicant qualifications.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Evaluates information obtained to determine applicant Executive; Welfare Eligibility Workers and Interviewers.
qualification for licensure. Issues driver, automobile, mar- PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
riage, dog, or other license. Counts collected fees and ap- occupations frequently involve following set procedures
plications. Submits fees and reports to government for and routines. These occupations can include working with
record. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others to convey data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
information effectively. Active Listening: Giving full at- clear line of authority to follow.
tention to what other people are saying, taking time to
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ- edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems,
for the needs of the audience. Monitoring: Monitoring/
Assessing your performance or that of other individuals
or organizations to make improvements or take corrective
tics and their applications. Law and Government:
action.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other rules, and the democratic political process. Customer and
Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem- Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and for providing customer and personal services. This includes
License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Pro- customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
grams; Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants; services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan; Legal Secretar- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
ies; Loan Interviewers and Clerks; Medical Secretaries; English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Municipal Clerks; Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, and words, rules of composition, and grammar.

vocational training
Licensed Practical and Annual Earnings: $30,670
Growth: 20.3%
Licensed Vocational Nurses Annual Job Openings: 58,000
Self-Employed: 0.6%
Part-Time: 22.1%
Care for ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled persons in such equipment as catheters, tracheotomy tubes, and oxy-
hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private homes, group gen suppliers. Collects samples, such as urine, blood, and
homes, and similar institutions. May work under the sputum, from patients for testing and performs routine
supervision of a registered nurse. Licensing required. laboratory tests on samples. Sterilizes equipment and sup-
Administers specified medication, orally or by subcutane- plies, using germicides, sterilizer, or autoclave. Records food
ous or intramuscular injection, and notes time and amount and fluid intake and output. Prepares or examines food
on patients charts. Provides medical treatment and per- trays for prescribed diet and feeds patients. Assists in de-
sonal care to patients in private home settings. Takes and livery, care, and feeding of infants. Cleans rooms, makes
records patients vital signs. Dresses wounds and gives en- beds, and answers patients calls. Washes and dresses bod-
emas, douches, alcohol rubs, and massages. Applies com- ies of deceased persons. Inventories and requisitions sup-
presses, ice bags, and hot water bottles. Observes patients plies. SKILLSService Orientation: Actively looking for
and reports adverse reactions to medication or treatment ways to help people. Reading Comprehension: Under-
to medical personnel in charge. Bathes, dresses, and as- standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
sists patients in walking and turning. Assembles and uses documents. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others
______________________________________________________________________ Loan Officers
reactions and understanding why they react as they do. ries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms,
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con- preventive health-care measures. Customer and Personal
clusions, or approaches to problems. Active Listening: Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for provid-
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking customer and personal services. This includes customer
L
ing time to understand the points being made, asking needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services,
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Biology: Knowl-
priate times. edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
other and the environment. Psychology: Knowledge of
Health Services. Work Group: 14.07. Patient Care and human behavior and performance; individual differences
Assistance. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Home
Health Aides; Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants;
Psychiatric Aides; Psychiatric Technicians. PERSONAL-
and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Cleri-
ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser- files and records, stenography and transcription, designing
vice to others.
forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Chem-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Licensed istry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure,
Practical/Vocational Nurse Training (LPN, LVN, Cert, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes
Dipl, AAS). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses
Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, produc-
and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human inju- tion techniques, and disposal methods.

Loan Officers

Growth: 4.9%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commer- title and deeds of collateral to bank. Computes payment
cial, real estate, or credit loans. Advise borrowers on fi- schedule. Ensures that loan agreements are complete and
nancial status and methods of payments. Includes accurate according to policy. Contacts applicant or credi-
mortgage loan officers and agents, collection analysts, tors to resolve questions regarding application informa-
loan servicing officers, and loan underwriters. Analyzes tion. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding
applicants financial status, credit, and property evalua- written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
tion to determine feasibility of granting loan. Approves ments. Speaking: Talking to others to convey informa-
loan within specified limits. Refers loan to loan commit- tion effectively. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
tee for approval. Interviews applicant and requests speci- what other people are saying, taking time to understand
fied information for loan application. Submits application the points being made, asking questions as appropriate,
to credit analyst for verification and recommendation. and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing:
Confers with underwriters to aid in resolving mortgage Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for
application problems. Arranges for maintenance and liq- the needs of the audience. Mathematics: Using mathemat-
uidation of delinquent property. Supervises loan person- ics to solve problems. Judgment and Decision Making:
nel. Negotiates payment arrangements with customers for Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential
delinquent loan balance. Analyzes potential loan markets actions to choose the most appropriate one.
to develop prospects for loans. Petitions court to transfer
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- require risk taking and often deal with business.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Credit
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- Management; Finance, General. RELATED KNOWL-
EDGE/COURSESEconomics and Accounting:
and reporting of financial data. Mathematics: Knowledge
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Em-
ployment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe- and their applications. English Language: Knowledge of
cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training,
and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad-
tion, and grammar. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan
Counselors; Logisticians; Management Analysts; Market
Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
procedures and terminology. Law and Government:
Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners,
Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Develop-
rules, and the democratic political process. Customer and
ment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
Products. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
prising occupations frequently involve starting up and for providing customer and personal services. This includes
carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-

training
Machinists Growth: 9.1%
Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 2.1%
Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce modifies tooling, such as jigs, fixtures, templates, and
precision parts and instruments. Includes precision in- molds or dies, to produce parts and assemblies. Lays out
strument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair me- and verifies dimensions of parts, using precision measur-
chanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts ing and marking instruments and knowledge of trigonom-
to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial etry. Calculates and sets controls to regulate machining or
machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, shop math- enters commands to retrieve, input, or edit computerized
ematics, metal properties, layout, and machining proce- machine control media. Selects, aligns, and secures hold-
dures. Studies sample parts, blueprints, drawings, and ing fixtures, cutting tools, attachments, accessories, and
engineering information to determine methods and se- materials onto machines. Measures, examines, and tests
quence of operations to fabricate product. Operates met- completed units to detect defects and ensure conform-
alworking machine tools, such as lathe, milling machine, ance to specifications. Installs repaired part into equip-
shaper, or grinder, to machine parts to specifications. As- ment and operates equipment to verify operational
sembles parts into completed units, using jigs, fixtures, efficiency. Operates brazing, heat-treating, and welding
hand tools, and power tools. Fabricates, assembles, and equipment to cut, solder, and braze metal. Dismantles
_______________________________________________ Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
machine or equipment, using hand tools and power tools, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial
to examine parts for defect or to remove defective parts. Production. Work Group: 08.04. Metal and Plastics Ma-
Cleans, lubricates, and maintains machines, tools, and chining Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work
equipment to remove grease, rust, stains, and foreign mat- Group: Lay-Out Workers, Metal and Plastic; Metal Work-
ter. Observes and listens to operating machines or equip- ers and Plastic Workers, All Other; Model Makers, Metal
ment to diagnose machine malfunction and determine and Plastic; Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic; Tool and
need for adjustment or repair. Cuts and shapes sheet metal Die Makers; Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners. PER-
and heats and bends metal to specified shape. Installs ex- SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations fre-
perimental parts and assemblies, such as hydraulic systems, quently involve work activities that include practical,
electrical wiring, lubricants, and batteries, into machines hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
and mechanisms. Establishes work procedures for fabri- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
cating new structural products, using variety of metalwork- and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
ing machines. Confers with engineering, supervisory, and outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
manufacturing personnel to exchange technical informa- closely with others.
tion. Designs fixtures, tooling, and experimental parts to
M
meet special engineering needs. Tests experimental mod-
els under simulated operating conditions for such pur- Shop Technology/Assistant; Machine Tool Technology/
Machinist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
poses as development, standardization, and evaluating
feasibility of design. Evaluates experimental procedures and
recommends changes or modifications for efficiency and
tenance. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,
adaptability to setup and production processes. SKILLS
Installation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or
programs to meet specifications. Mathematics: Using cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Engineering
mathematics to solve problems. Equipment Selection:
do a job. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and
inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
vices. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
quality or performance. Critical Thinking: Using logic
and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
lems. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and product
niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
requirements to create a design.
tribution of goods.

training
Maintenance and Repair Annual Earnings: $28,740
Growth: 4.7%
Workers, General Annual Job Openings: 103,000
Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 9.3%
Perform work involving the skills of two or more main- floors, or stairs. Inspects and tests machinery and equip-
tenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechani- ment to diagnose machine malfunctions. Paints and re-
cal equipment, or the structure of an establishment in pairs woodwork and plaster. Estimates costs of repairs.
repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; boiler making; Records repairs made and costs. Fabricates and repairs
insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing elec- counters, benches, partitions, and other wooden structures,
trical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and such as sheds and outbuildings. Operates cutting torch or
balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, welding equipment to cut or join metal parts. Sets up and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
operates machine tools to repair or fabricate machine parts, Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechanics; Musical
jigs and fixtures, and tools. Lays brick to repair and main- Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic Laboratory
tain physical structure of establishment. Assembles, installs, Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers; Outdoor
and/or repairs plumbing. Installs new or repaired parts. Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics;
Installs and/or repairs wiring and electrical and electronic Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion Instrument
components. Assembles, installs, and/or repairs pipe sys- Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument and Equipment
tems and hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. Installs Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers; Railroad Inspec-
machinery and equipment. Cleans and lubricates shafts, tors; Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians; Reed or
bearings, gears, and other parts of machinery. Dismantles Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Refrigeration
and reassembles defective machines and equipment. Mechanics; Stringed Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire
SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines or systems, us- Repairers and Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers;
ing the needed tools. Installation: Installing equipment, Watch Repairers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine mainte- include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
nance on equipment and determining when and what kind often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
of maintenance is needed. Troubleshooting: Determin- like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations
ing causes of operating errors and deciding what to do require working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
about them. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind work or working closely with others.
of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, Construction Site Management/Manager. RELATED
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechanical KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuilding and Construc-
Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Body tion: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved
and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine Special- in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
ists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; Airframe- structures, such as highways and roads. Principles of Me-
and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body and Related chanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, in-
Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers; Au- cluding their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
tomotive Master Mechanics; Automotive Service Techni- Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practi-
cians and Mechanics; Automotive Specialty Technicians; cal application of engineering science and technology. This
Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders; Bus and Truck includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists; Camera and Pho- equipment to the design and production of various goods
tographic Equipment Repairers; Coin, Vending, and and services. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of
Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers; Control and relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door; promote effective local, state, or national security opera-
Farm Equipment Mechanics; Gas Appliance Repairers; tions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
Hand and Portable Power Tool Repairers; Heating and Air stitutions. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
Conditioning Mechanics; Heating, Air Conditioning, and circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers; HelpersElectri- computer hardware and software, including applications
cians; HelpersInstallation, Maintenance, and Repair and programming. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of
Workers; Industrial Machinery Mechanics; Keyboard In- physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
strument Repairers and Tuners; Locksmiths and Safe Re- and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at-
pairers; Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Mechanical mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic,
Door Repairers; Medical Appliance Technicians; Medical and sub-atomic structures and processes. Mathematics:
Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics; Millwrights; Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines; statistics and their applications.
_______________________________________________________________ Management Analysts

vocational training
Makeup Artists, Theatrical Annual Earnings: $30,240
Growth: 11.4%
and Performance Annual Job Openings: 27,000
Part-Time: 36.5%
Apply makeup to performers to reflect period, setting, Personal Appearance. Other Job Titles in This Work
and situation of their role. Applies makeup to perform- Group: Costume Attendants; Models. PERSONALITY
ers to alter their appearance to accord with their roles. TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
Attaches prostheses to performer and applies makeup to working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often
change physical features and depict desired character. Se- require self-expression, and the work can be done without
lects desired makeup shades from stock or mixes oil, grease, following a clear set of rules.
M
and coloring to achieve special color effects. Designs rub- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cosmetol-
ber or plastic prostheses; requisitions materials such as wigs, ogy/Cosmetologist, General; Make-Up Artist/Specialist;
beards, and special cosmetics. Confers with stage or mo- Permanent Cosmetics/Makeup and Tattooing. RELATED
tion picture officials and performers to determine dress or KNOWLEDGE/COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of
makeup alterations. Creates character drawings or models the theory and techniques required to compose, produce,
based upon independent research to augment period pro- and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and
duction files. Examines sketches, photographs, and plas- sculpture. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
ter models to obtain desired character image depiction. principles and processes for providing customer and per-
Studies production information, such as character, period sonal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
settings, and situations to determine makeup requirements. meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ- customer satisfaction. Design: Knowledge of design tech-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. niques, tools, and principles involved in production of pre-
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other cision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
people are saying, taking time to understand the points Sociology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group behav-
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- ior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human
terrupting at inappropriate times. Coordination: Adjust- migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and their history and
ing actions in relation to others actions. Equipment origins. Communications and Media: Knowledge of me-
Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment dia production, communication, and dissemination tech-
needed to do a job. Active Learning: Understanding the niques and methods. This includes alternative ways to
implications of new information for both current and fu- inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
ture problem-solving and decision-making. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- tent of the English language, including the meaning and
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.09. Modeling and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

plus degree
Management Analysts Growth: 28.9%
Part-Time: 19.5%
Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design and measurement studies, and prepare operations and
systems and procedures, conduct work simplifications procedures manuals to assist management in operating
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
more efficiently and effectively. Includes program ana- Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses-
lysts and management consultants. Reviews forms and sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam-
reports; confers with management and users about for- iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and
mat, distribution, and purpose and to identify problems Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job
and improvements. Gathers and organizes information on Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts;
problems or procedures. Confers with personnel concerned Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
to ensure successful functioning of newly implemented Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe-
systems or procedures. Documents findings of study and cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training,
prepares recommendations for implementation of new and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad-
systems, procedures, or organizational changes. Analyzes justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
data gathered and develops solutions or alternative meth- ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan
ods of proceeding. Plans study of work problems and pro- Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Market Research
cedures, such as organizational change, communications, Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and Buy-
information flow, integrated production methods, inven- ers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale,
tory control, or cost analysis. Develops and implements Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collectors, and
records management program for filing, protection, and Revenue Agents; Training and Development Specialists;
retrieval of records; assures compliance with program. Pre- Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products. PER-
pares manuals and trains workers in use of new forms, SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupa-
reports, procedures, or equipment according to organizations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
tional policy. Designs, evaluates, recommends, and ap- projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
proves changes of forms and reports. Recommends making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
purchase of storage equipment and designs area layout to ing and often deal with business.
locate equipment in space available. Interviews personnel
and conducts on-site observation to ascertain unit func-
tions; work performed; and methods, equipment, and
Commerce, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
personnel used. SKILLSSystems Evaluation: Identify-
ing measures or indicators of system performance and the
actions needed to improve or correct performance relative
to the goals of the system. Writing: Communicating ef- strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
fectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the au-
coordination of people and resources. English Language:
dience. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your
to make improvements or take corrective action. Judg-
rules of composition, and grammar. Education and Train-
and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap- ing: Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum
and training design, teaching and instruction for individu-
propriate one. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
als and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
ments.
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Per-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General sonnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego-
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and tiation, and personnel information systems.
________________________________________________________________ Mapping Technicians

vocational training
Manicurists and Pedicurists Growth: 26.5%
Part-Time: 36.5%
Clean and shape customers fingernails and toenails. May GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
polish or decorate nails. Removes previously applied nail Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.04.
polish, using liquid remover and swabs. Cleans customers Barber and Beauty Services. Other Job Titles in This Work
nails in soapy water, using swabs, files, and orange sticks. Group: Barbers; Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetolo-
Shapes and smoothes ends of nails, using scissors, files, and gists; Shampooers; Skin Care Specialists. PERSONALITY
emery boards. Applies clear or colored liquid polish onto TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently
M
nails with brush. Roughens surfaces of fingernails, using involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occu-
abrasive wheel. Attaches paper forms to tips of customers pations can involve leading people and making many de-
fingers to support and shape artificial nails. Softens nail cisions. They sometimes require risk taking and often deal
cuticles with water and oil; pushes back cuticles, using cu- with business.
ticle knife; and trims cuticles, using scissors or nippers.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cosme-
Whitens underside of nails with white paste or pencil. Re-
tology/Cosmetologist, General; Nail Technician/Special-
moves paper forms and shapes and smoothes edges of nails,
ist and Manicurist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
using rotary abrasive wheel. Brushes coats of powder and
solvent onto nails and paper forms with handbrush to main-
tain nail appearance and to extend nails to desired length.
Polishes nails, using powdered polish and buffer. Forms ar- personal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
tificial fingernails on customers fingers. SKILLSMoni-
customer satisfaction. Chemistry: Knowledge of the
toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of
other individuals or organizations to make improvements
or take corrective action. Service Orientation: Actively look-
ing for ways to help people. Active Listening: Giving full
attention to what other people are saying, taking time to their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
and disposal methods.
understand the points being made, asking questions as ap-
propriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

on-the-job training
Mapping Technicians Growth: 25.3%
Self-Employed: 7.3%
Part-Time: 4.5%
Calculate mapmaking information from field notes; draw reference tables and computer. Forms three-dimensional
and verify accuracy of topographical maps. Computes image of aerial photographs taken from different locations,
and measures scaled distances between reference points to using mathematical aides and plotting instruments. Marks
establish exact relative position of adjoining points. Cal- errors and makes corrections, such as numbering grid lines
culates latitude, longitude, angles, areas, and other infor- or lettering names of rivers or towns. Analyzes aerial pho-
mation for mapmaking from survey field notes, using tographs to detect and interpret significant military,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
industrial, resource, or topographical data. Supervises and Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me-
coordinates activities of workers engaged in drafting maps chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics En-
or in production of blueprints, photostats, and photo- gineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except
graphs. Stores, retrieves, and compares map information, Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering Techni-
using computers and data banks. Trims, aligns, and joins cians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mechanical
prints to form photographic mosaic, maintaining scaled Drafters; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numeri-
distances between reference points. Lays out and matches cal Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Ves-
aerial photographs in sequence taken, looking for missing sel Inspectors; Surveying and Mapping Technicians;
areas. Verifies identification of topographical features and Surveying Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY
accuracy of contour lines by comparison with aerial pho- TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
tographs, old maps, and other reference materials. Traces quently involve following set procedures and routines.
contours and topographical details to produce map. These occupations can include working with data and
SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob- details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
lems. Active Learning: Understanding the implications of authority to follow.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cartogra-
solving and decision-making. Monitoring: Monitoring/
Assessing your performance or that of other individuals phy; Surveying Technology/Surveying. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESGeography: Knowledge of
principles and methods for describing the features of land,
action. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to
sea, and air masses, including their physical characteris-
tics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant,
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Reading
animal, and human life. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
paragraphs in work-related documents. metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
applications. Design: Knowledge of design techniques,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, tools, and principles involved in production of precision
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Com-
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- hardware and software, including applications and pro-
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers gramming. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering the practical application of engineering science and tech-
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft- nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro-
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech- cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical various goods and services.

Market Research Analysts

Growth: 24.4%
Part-Time: 8.8%
Research market conditions in local, regional, or national analyzes statistical data to forecast future marketing trends
areas to determine potential sales of a product or ser- and to identify potential markets. Collects data on cus-
vice. May gather information on competitors, prices, tomer preferences and buying habits. Prepares reports and
sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May graphic illustrations of findings. Translates complex nu-
use survey results to create a marketing campaign based merical data into nontechnical written text. Attends staff
on regional preferences and buying habits. Examines and conferences to submit findings and proposals to manage-
________________________________________________________________ Marketing Managers
ment for consideration. Checks consumer reaction to new Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Whole-
or improved products or services. Establishes research sale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collec-
methodology and designs format for data gathering, such tors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Development
as surveys, opinion polls, or questionnaires. Gathers data Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
on competitors and analyzes prices, sales, and method of Products. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
marketing and distribution. SKILLSWriting: Commu- tigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
nicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu-
of the audience. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out
problems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ- problems mentally.
Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Applied
Economics; Business/Managerial Economics; Economet-
rics and Quantitative Economics; Economics, General;
ments or take corrective action. Active Listening: Giving
International Economics; Marketing Research. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge
M
and their applications. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- selling products or services. This includes marketing strat-
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: egy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques,
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and and sales control systems. English Language: Knowledge
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- of the structure and content of the English language, in-
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam- cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and position, and grammar. Computers and Electronics:
Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment ing applications and programming. Geography: Knowl-
Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe- edge of principles and methods for describing the features
cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical char-
and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad- acteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution
justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais- of plant, animal, and human life. Economics and Account-
ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan ing: Knowledge of economic and accounting principles
Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the
Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchasing Agents and analysis and reporting of financial data.

plus degree
Marketing Managers Growth: 29.1%
Self-Employed: 2.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Determine the demand for products and services offered need for new products and services. Develops marketing
by a firm and its competitors and identify potential cus- strategy, based on knowledge of establishment policy, na-
tomers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maxi- ture or market, and cost and markup factors. Coordinates
mizing the firms profits or share of the market while and publicizes marketing activities to promote products
ensuring that the firms customers are satisfied. Oversee and services. Conducts economic and commercial surveys
product development or monitor trends that indicate the to identify potential markets for products and services.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Analyzes business developments and consults trade jour- Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers; Sales Man-
nals to monitor market trends and determine market op- agers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterpris-
portunities for products. Advises business and other groups ing occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying
on local, national, and international factors affecting the out projects. These occupations can involve leading people
buying and selling of products and services. Selects prod- and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk
ucts and accessories to be displayed at trade or special pro- taking and often deal with business.
duction shows. Compiles list describing product or service
offerings and sets prices or fees. Prepares report of mar-
and Textile Marketing Management; Consumer Merchan-
keting activities. Confers with legal staff to resolve prob-
dising/Retailing Management; International Marketing;
lems, such as copyright infringement and royalty sharing
with outside producers and distributors. Consults with Marketing Research; Marketing, Other; Marketing/Mar-
keting Management, General. RELATED KNOWL-
buying personnel to gain advice regarding the types of
EDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing: Knowledge of
products or services that are expected to be in demand.
principles and methods for showing, promoting, and sell-
Coordinates promotional activities and shows to market
ing products or services. This includes marketing strategy
products and services. SKILLSSystems Analysis: De-
and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and
termining how a system should work and how changes in
conditions, operations, and the environment will affect sales control systems. Administration and Management:
outcomes. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering
the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose
the most appropriate one. Coordination: Adjusting ac-
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Math-
tions in relation to others actions. Speaking: Talking to
others to convey information effectively. Complex Prob-
lem Solving: Identifying complex problems and review- culus, and statistics and their applications.
ing related information to develop and evaluate options
duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
and implement solutions.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and entertain via written, oral, and visual media. English Lan-
Marketing. Work Group: 10.01. Managerial Work in Sales guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
and Marketing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Advertising and Promotions Managers; First-Line Super- words, rules of composition, and grammar.
visors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Workers; First-Line

training
Marking Clerks Growth: 8.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 16.8%
Print and attach price tickets to articles of merchandise article, using tagging mechanism. Records price, buyer,
using one or several methods, such as marking price on and grade of product on tickets attached to products auc-
tickets by hand or using ticket-printing machine. Marks tioned. Indicates price, size, style, color, and inspection
selling price by hand on boxes containing merchandise or results on tags, tickets, and labels, using rubber stamp or
on price tickets. Performs other clerical tasks during peri- writing instrument. Compares printed price tickets with
ods between auction sales. Keeps records of production, entries on purchase order to verify accuracy and notifies
returned goods, and related transactions. Records num- supervisor of discrepancies. Prints information on tickets,
ber and types of articles marked and packs articles in boxes. using ticket-printing machine. SKILLSMathematics:
Pins, pastes, sews, ties, or staples tickets, tags, or labels to Using mathematics to solve problems.
________________________________________________________ Marriage and Family Therapists
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
Detail. Work Group: 09.08. Records and Materials Pro- clear line of authority to follow.
cessing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cargo
and Freight Agents; Couriers and Messengers; Mail Clerks,
Except Mail Machine Operators and Postal Service; Or- and Retail Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
der Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales; Postal Service Mail
Carriers; Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Pro-
cessing Machine Operators; Shipping, Receiving, and Traf-
fic Clerks; Stock Clerks and Order Fillers; Stock
and terminology. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard; Weigh-
ers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping. algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli-
cations. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
ture and distribution of goods.
M
Marriage and

Growth: 29.9%
Family Therapists Annual Job Openings: 2,000
Self-Employed: 0.6%
Part-Time: 18.0%
Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious
whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the Activities and Education; Medical and Public Health So-
context of marriage and family systems. Apply psycho- cial Workers; Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social
therapeutic and family systems theories and techniques Workers; Mental Health Counselors; Probation Officers
in the delivery of professional services to individuals, and Correctional Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation
couples, and families for the purpose of treating such Counselors; Religious Workers, All Other; Residential
diagnosed nervous and mental disorders. SKILLSNo Advisors; Social and Human Service Assistants; Social
data available. Workers, All Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Dis-
order Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
available.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists; Pastoral Counseling/Patient Counseling; Marriage and
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu- Family Therapy/Counseling; Social Work. RELATED
nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

vocational training
Massage Therapists Growth: 30.4%
Self-Employed: 8.4%
Part-Time: 20.8%
Massage customers for hygienic or remedial purposes. Therapists; Respiratory Therapy Technicians; Speech-Lan-
SKILLSNo data available. guage Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONAL-
Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Asian
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; Bodywork Therapy; Massage Therapy/Therapeutic Mas-
Occupational Therapist Aides; Occupational Therapist sage; Somatic Bodywork; Somatic Bodywork and Related
Assistants; Occupational Therapists; Physical Therapist Therapeutic Services, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants; Physical Therapists; COURSESNo data available.
Radiation Therapists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory

Materials Scientists Growth: 19.8%
Self-Employed: 7.6%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Research and study the structures and chemical proper- paragraphs in work-related documents. Mathematics:
ties of various natural and manmade materials, includ- Using mathematics to solve problems.
ing metals, alloys, rubber, ceramics, semiconductors,
polymers, and glass. Determine ways to strengthen or
combine materials or develop new materials with new
Sciences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Astrono-
or specific properties for use in a variety of products and
mers; Atmospheric and Space Scientists; Chemists; Geog-
applications. Plans laboratory experiments to confirm fea-
raphers; Geologists; Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and
sibility of processes and techniques to produce materials
having special characteristics. Guides technical staff en- Geographers; Hydrologists; Physical Scientists, All Other;
Physicists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
gaged in developing materials for specific use in projected
product or device. Reports materials study findings for
other scientists and requesters. Studies structures and prop-
erties of materials, such as metals, alloys, polymers, and
problems mentally.
ceramics, to obtain research data. SKILLSScience: Us-
ing scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Active EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Materials
Learning: Understanding the implications of new infor- Science. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngi-
mation for both current and future problem-solving and neering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical ap-
decision-making. Writing: Communicating effectively in plication of engineering science and technology. This
writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Read- includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and equipment to the design and production of various goods
____________________________________________ Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
and services. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge- guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En-
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc- rules of composition, and grammar. Physics: Knowledge
ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro- and prediction of physical principles and laws and their
cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes interrelationships and applications to understanding fluid,
uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, pro- material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, elec-
duction techniques, and disposal methods. English Lan- trical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.

Mathematical Science

Growth: 23.5%

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
M
Teach courses pertaining to mathematical concepts, sta- Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area,
tistics, and actuarial science and to the application of Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
original and standardized mathematical techniques in Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
solving specific problems and situations. Prepares and Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
delivers lectures to students. Acts as adviser to student or- Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio-
ganizations. Serves on faculty committee providing pro- logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
fessional consulting services to government and industry. ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
Advises students on academic and vocational curricula. Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
Compiles, administers, and grades examinations or assigns Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
this work to others. Directs research of other teachers or Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
graduate students working for advanced academic degrees. Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
Compiles bibliographies of specialized materials for out- Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
side reading assignments. Conducts research in particular cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
field of knowledge and publishes findings in professional Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
journals. Stimulates class discussions. SKILLSMath- Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Reading Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
paragraphs in work-related documents. Instructing: Teach- Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
ing others how to do something. Learning Strategies: Se- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
lecting and using training/instructional methods and tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
teaching new things. Writing: Communicating effectively cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
information for both current and future problem-solving Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
and decision-making. Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
Technicians; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Education; others. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga- ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve work- measurement of training effects. English Language:
ing with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
These occupations can involve searching for facts and fig- language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
uring out problems mentally. rules of composition, and grammar. Computers and Elec-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Algebra
and Number Theory; Analysis and Functional Analysis;
ware, including applications and programming. Admin-
Applied Mathematics; Business Statistics; Geometry/Geo-
metric Analysis; Logic; Mathematical Statistics and Prob-
ability; Mathematics and Statistics, Other; Mathematics, source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
General; Mathematics, Other; Statistics, General; Topol-
ogy and Foundations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
people and resources. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
tions. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles
and methods for curriculum and training design, teach- cedures and terminology.

vocational training
Mechanical Drafters Growth: 15.4%
Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 7.9%
Prepare detailed working diagrams of machinery and design or other problems. Coordinates and works in con-
mechanical devices, including dimensions, fastening meth- junction with other workers to design, lay out, or detail
ods, and other engineering information. Develops detailed components and systems. Confers with customer repre-
design drawings and specifications for mechanical equip- sentatives to review schematics and answer questions per-
ment, dies/tools, and controls, according to engineering taining to installation of systems. Compiles and analyzes
sketches and design proposals. Designs scale or full-size test data to determine effect of machine design on various
blueprints of specialty items, such as furniture and auto- factors, such as temperature and pressure. Observes setup
mobile body or chassis components. Lays out and draws and gauges during programmed machine or equipment trial
schematic, orthographic, or angle views to depict functional run to verify conformance of signals and systems to speci-
relationships of components, assemblies, systems, and fications. Computes mathematical formulas to develop and
machines. Draws freehand sketches of designs and traces design detailed specifications for components or machin-
finished drawings onto designated paper for reproduction ery, using computer-assisted equipment. Positions instruc-
of blueprints. Shades or colors drawings to clarify and tions and comments onto drawings and illustrates and
emphasize details and dimensions and eliminate back- describes installation and maintenance details. Lays out,
ground, using ink, crayon, airbrush, and overlays. Reviews draws, and reproduces illustrations for reference manuals
and analyzes specifications, sketches, engineering drawings, and technical publications to describe operation and main-
ideas, and related design data to determine factors affect- tenance of mechanical systems. SKILLSMathematics:
ing component designs. Modifies and revises designs to Using mathematics to solve problems. Operations Analy-
correct operating deficiencies or to reduce production prob- sis: Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a
lems. Measures machine setup and parts during produc- design. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to
tion to ensure compliance with design specifications, using identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu-
precision measuring instruments. Directs work activities tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Technol-
of detailer and confers with staff and supervisors to resolve ogy Design: Generating or adapting equipment and
____________________________________________________ Mechanical Engineering Technicians
technology to serve user needs. Quality Control Analysis: activities that include practical, hands-on problems and
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-
processes to evaluate quality or performance. world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
the occupations require working outside and do not in-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mechani-
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- cal Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD.
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESDesign:
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft- prints, drawings, and models. Engineering and
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech- Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of en-
nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical gineering science and technology. This includes applying
Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me- principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
M
chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics En- design and production of various goods and services.
gineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering Techni- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. English
cians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mapping Tech- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
nicians; Mechanical Engineering Technicians; Numerical English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Tool and Process Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel words, rules of composition, and grammar. Computers
Inspectors; Surveying and Mapping Technicians; Survey- and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors,
ing Technicians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPE chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work software, including applications and programming.

Mechanical Engineering

Growth: 13.9%
Technicians Annual Job Openings: 5,000
Self-Employed: 1.9%
Part-Time: 7.4%
Apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering perimental parts for testing. Evaluates tool drawing de-
to modify, develop, and test machinery and equipment signs by measuring drawing dimensions and comparing
under direction of engineering staff or physical scien- with original specifications for form and function, using
tists. Reviews project instructions and blueprints to ascer- engineering skills. Confers with technicians, submits re-
tain test specifications, procedures, objectives, and nature ports of test results to engineering department, and rec-
of technical problems, such as redesign. Estimates cost fac- ommends design or material changes. Records test
tors, including labor and material for purchased and fab- procedures and results, numerical and graphical data, and
ricated parts and costs for assembly, testing, and installing. recommendations for changes in product or test meth-
Inspects lines and figures for clarity and returns erroneous ods. Drafts detail drawing or sketch for drafting room
drawings to designer for correction. Prepares parts sketches completion or to request parts fabrication by machine,
and writes work orders and purchase requests to be fur- sheet, or wood shops. Calculates required capacities for
nished by outside contractors. Reads dials and meters to equipment of proposed system to obtain specified perfor-
determine amperage, voltage, and electrical out- and in- mance and submits data to engineering personnel for ap-
put at specific operating temperature to analyze parts per- proval. Discusses changes in design, method of
formance. Operates drill press, grinders, engine lathe, or manufacture and assembly, and drafting techniques and
other machines to modify parts tested or to fabricate ex- procedures with staff and coordinates corrections. Devises,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
fabricates, and assembles new or modified mechanical nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical
components for products such as industrial machinery or Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me-
equipment and measuring instruments. Analyzes tests re- chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics En-
sults in relation to design or rated specifications and test gineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except
objectives and modifies or adjusts equipment to meet speci- Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering Techni-
fications. Tests equipment, using test devices attached to cians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mapping Tech-
generator, voltage regulator, or other electrical parts, such nicians; Mechanical Drafters; Numerical Tool and Process
as generators or spark plugs. Reviews project instructions Control Programmers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Survey-
and specifications to identify, modify, and plan require- ing and Mapping Technicians; Surveying Technicians;
ments fabrication, assembly and testing. Sets up proto- Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic
type and test apparatus and operates test controlling occupations frequently involve work activities that include
equipment to observe and record prototype test results. practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
Sets up and conducts tests of complete units and compo- deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
nents under operational conditions to investigate propos- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
als for improving equipment performance. quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob- work or working closely with others.
lems. Technology Design: Generating or adapting equip-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mechani-
ment and technology to serve user needs. Reading
cal Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians, Other;
Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Techni-
paragraphs in work-related documents. Operation and
cian. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngi-
neering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical
information for both current and future problem-solving application of engineering science and technology. This
and decision-making. Active Listening: Giving full atten-
tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un-
and services. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
derstand the points being made, asking questions as
repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowledge of design
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, techniques, tools, and principles involved in production
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: models. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers and laws and their interrelationships and applications to
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft- and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic struc-
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech- tures and processes.

Mechanical Engineers Growth: 13.1%
Self-Employed: 3.5%
Part-Time: 2.1%
Perform engineering duties in planning and designing maintenance, and repair of such equipment as central-
tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically func- ized heat, gas, water, and steam systems. Designs prod-
tioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, ucts and systems to meet process requirements, applying
_______________________________________________________________ Mechanical Engineers
knowledge of engineering principles. Oversees installation GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
to ensure that machines and equipment are installed and Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.07. Engineer-
functioning according to specifications. Specifies system ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace
components or directs modification of products to ensure Engineers; Agricultural Engineers; Architects, Except
conformance with engineering design and performance Landscape and Naval; Biomedical Engineers; Chemical
specifications. Alters or modifies design to obtain speci- Engineers; Civil Engineers; Computer Hardware Engi-
fied functional and operational performance. Assists drafter neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Com-
in developing structural design of product, using drafting puter Software Engineers, Systems Software; Electrical
tools or computer-assisted design/drafting equipment and Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Computer; En-
software. Selects or designs tools to meet specifications, gineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers; Fire-Preven-
using manuals, drafting tools, computer, and specialized tion and Protection Engineers; Health and Safety
software programs. Tests ability of machines to perform Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspec-
tasks. Develops models of alternate processing methods tors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and Health
to test feasibility or new applications of system compo- Engineers; Landscape Architects; Marine Architects; Ma-
nents and recommends implementation of procedures. rine Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Architects;
M
Confers with establishment personnel and engineers to Materials Engineers; Mining and Geological Engineers,
implement operating procedures and resolve system mal- Including Mining Safety Engineers; Nuclear Engineers;
functions and to provide technical information. Plans and Petroleum Engineers; Product Safety Engineers; Sales En-
directs engineering personnel in fabrication of test con- gineers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
trol apparatus and equipment and develops procedures for cupations frequently involve work activities that include
testing products. Researches and analyzes data, such as practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
customer design proposal, specifications, and manuals, to deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
determine feasibility of design or application. Studies in- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
dustrial processes to determine where and how applica- quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
tion of equipment can be made. Investigates equipment work or working closely with others.
failures and difficulties, diagnoses faulty operation, and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mechani-
makes recommendations to maintenance crew. Determines
cal Engineering. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
parts supply, maintenance tasks, safety procedures, and
service schedule required to maintain machines and equip- COURSESEngineering and Technology: Knowledge
ment in prescribed condition. Conducts experiments to
test and analyze existing designs and equipment to obtain
data on performance of product and prepares reports. In-
various goods and services. Design: Knowledge of design
spects, evaluates, and arranges field installations and rec-
ommends design modifications to eliminate machine or
system malfunctions. Coordinates building, fabrication, of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
models. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
and installation of product design and operation, mainte-
nance, and repair activities to utilize machines and equip-
ment. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to
solve problems. Active Learning: Understanding the im-
problem-solving and decision-making. Reading Compre- gramming. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physi-
cal principles and laws and their interrelationships and
in work-related documents. Science: Using scientific rules
and methods to solve problems. Technology Design:
sub-atomic structures and processes.
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve
user needs.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Medical and Clinical

Growth: 19.0%
Laboratory Technicians Annual Job Openings: 19,000
Self-Employed: 0.7%
Part-Time: 19.5%
Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagno- and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
sis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May work un- alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
der the supervision of a medical technologist. Conducts include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
quantitative and qualitative chemical analyses of body flu- often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
ids, such as blood, urine, and spinal fluid. Conducts blood like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
tests for transfusion purposes. Tests vaccines for sterility tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
and virus inactivity. Draws blood from patient, observing paperwork or working closely with others.
principles of asepsis to obtain blood sample. Prepares stan-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Blood
dard volumetric solutions and reagents used in testing.
Bank Technology Specialist; Clinical/Medical Laboratory
Inoculates fertilized eggs, broths, or other bacteriological
media with organisms. Incubates bacteria for specified Assistant; Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician; Hema-
tology Technology/Technician; Histologic Technician.
period and prepares vaccines and serums by standard labo-
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChemistry:
ratory methods. Performs blood counts, using microscope.
ments. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
techniques, and disposal methods. Biology: Knowledge
inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
quality or performance. Mathematics: Using mathemat-
ics to solve problems. Equipment Selection: Determin-
and the environment. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowl-
ing the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
edge of the information and techniques needed to diag-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and nose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities.
Health Services. Work Group: 14.05. Medical Technol- This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug prop-
ogy. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cardiovascu- erties and interactions, and preventive health-care mea-
lar Technologists and Technicians; Diagnostic Medical sures. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
Sonographers; Health Technologists and Technicians, All geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Other; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists; Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
Medical Equipment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine Tech- ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
nologists; Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radiologic Techni- fective local, state, or national security operations for the
cians; Radiologic Technologists; Radiologic Technologists protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
____________________________________________ Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists

Medical and Clinical

Growth: 17.0%
Laboratory Technologists Annual Job Openings: 19,000
Self-Employed: 0.7%
Part-Time: 19.5%
Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, tive Learning: Understanding the implications of new in-
treatment, and prevention of disease. May train or super- formation for both current and future problem-solving and
vise staff. Cuts, stains, and mounts biological material on decision-making. Speaking: Talking to others to convey
slides for microscopic study and diagnosis, following stan- information effectively.
dard laboratory procedures. Analyzes samples of biological
material for chemical content or reaction. Harvests cell
M
culture at optimum time sequence based on knowledge of
ogy. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cardiovascu-
cell cycle differences and culture conditions. Cultivates,
lar Technologists and Technicians; Diagnostic Medical
isolates, and assists in identifying microbial organisms and
Sonographers; Health Technologists and Technicians, All
performs various tests on these microorganisms. Conducts
chemical analysis of body fluids, including blood, urine, Other; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians;
Medical Equipment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine Tech-
and spinal fluid, to determine presence of normal and ab-
nologists; Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radiologic Techni-
normal components. Sets up, cleans, and maintains labo-
cians; Radiologic Technologists; Radiologic Technologists
ratory equipment. Enters analysis of medical tests and
and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative.
clinical results into computer for storage. Calibrates and
maintains equipment used in quantitative and qualitative
analysis, such as spectrophotometers, calorimeters, flame ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking. These
photometers, and computer-controlled analyzers. Commu-
out problems mentally.
nicates with physicians, family members, and researchers
requesting technical information regarding test results. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
Conducts research under direction of microbiologist or Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist;
biochemist. Cuts images of chromosomes from photograph Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science and Allied Profes-
and identifies and arranges them in numbered pairs on sions, Other; Cytogenetics/Genetics/Clinical Genetics
karyotype chart, using standard practices. Studies blood Technology/Technologist; Cytotechnology/Cytotechnolo-
cells, number of blood cells, and morphology, using mi- gist; Histologic Technology/Histotechnologist; Renal/
croscopic technique. Performs tests to determine blood Dialysis Technologist/Technician. RELATED KNOWL-
group, type, and compatibility for transfusion purposes. EDGE/COURSESBiology: Knowledge of plant and
Examines and tests human, animal, or other materials for animal organisms and their tissues, cells, functions, inter-
microbial organisms. Prepares slide of cell culture to iden- dependencies, and interactions with each other and the
tify chromosomes, views and photographs slide under environment. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical com-
photo-microscope, and prints picture. Selects and prepares position, structure, and properties of substances and of
specimen and media for cell culture, using aseptic tech- the chemical processes and transformations that they
nique and knowledge of medium components and cell re- undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
quirements. Examines slides under microscope to detect actions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal
deviations from norm and to report abnormalities for fur- methods. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
ther study. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under- and content of the English language, including the mean-
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
documents. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to mar. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
solve problems. Writing: Communicating effectively in information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Ac- human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruc-
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Educa- tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
tion and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods training effects.

plus degree
Medical and Health Services Annual Earnings: $59,220
Growth: 32.3%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Plan, direct, or coordinate medicine and health services done and accounting for these expenditures. Reading
in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
health agencies, or similar organizations. Administers fis- paragraphs in work-related documents. Coordination:
cal operations, such as planning budgets, authorizing ex- Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Manage-
penditures, and coordinating financial reporting. Develops ment of Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and
organizational policies and procedures and establishes directing people as they work, identifying the best people
evaluative or operational criteria for facility or medical unit. for the job. Writing: Communicating effectively in writ-
Develops or expands medical programs or health services ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Systems
for research, rehabilitation, and community health pro- Analysis: Determining how a system should work and how
motion. Directs and coordinates activities of medical, changes in conditions, operations, and the environment
nursing, technical, clerical, service, and maintenance per- will affect outcomes.
sonnel of health care facility or mobile unit. Implements
and administers programs and services for health care or
Health Services. Work Group: 14.01. Managerial Work
medical facility. Prepares activity reports to inform man-
in Medical and Health Services. Other Job Titles in This
agement of the status and implementation plans of pro-
Work Group: Coroners. PERSONALITY TYPEEn-
grams, services, and quality initiatives. Reviews and
terprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve
analyzes facility activities and data to aid planning and
cash and risk management and to improve service utiliza- starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations
can involve leading people and making many decisions.
tion. Develops and maintains computerized records man-
They sometimes require risk taking and often deal with
agement system to store or process personnel, activity, or
business.
personnel data. Inspects facilities for emergency readiness
and compliance of access, safety, and sanitation regula- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Commu-
tions and recommends building or equipment modifica- nity Health and Preventive Medicine; Health and Medical
tions. Develops instructional materials and conducts Administrative Services, Other; Health Information/Medi-
in-service and community-based educational programs. cal Records Administration/Administrator; Health Services
Consults with medical, business, and community groups Administration; Health Unit Manager/Ward Supervisor;
to discuss service problems, coordinate activities and plans, Health/Health Care Administration/Management; Hospi-
and promote health programs. Recruits, hires, and evalu- tal and Health Care Facilities Administration/Management;
ates the performance of medical staff and auxiliary per- Medical Staff Services Technology/Technician; Nursing
sonnel. Establishes work schedules and assignments for Administration (MSN, MS, PhD); Public Health, Gen-
staff according to workload, space, and equipment avail- eral (MPH, DPH). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ability. SKILLSSystems Evaluation: Identifying mea- COURSESAdministration and Management: Knowl-
sures or indicators of system performance and the actions edge of business and management principles involved in
needed to improve or correct performance relative to the strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
goals of the system. Management of Financial Resources: modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
Determining how money will be spent to get the work coordination of people and resources. Personnel and Hu-
_______________________________________________ Medical and Public Health Social Workers
man Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Eco-
for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensa- nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and ac-
tion and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and per- counting principles and practices, the financial markets,
sonnel information systems. Education and Training: banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
training design, teaching and instruction for individuals calculus, and statistics and their applications.

Medical and Public Health Annual Earnings: $36,410
Growth: 31.6%
Social Workers Annual Job Openings: 13,000
Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 11.9%
M
Provide persons, families, or vulnerable populations with standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
the psychosocial support needed to cope with chronic, documents. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
acute, or terminal illnesses, such as Alzheimers, cancer, other people are saying, taking time to understand the
or AIDS. Services include advising family caregivers, points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
providing patient education and counseling, and mak- not interrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orienta-
ing necessary referrals for other social services. Counsels tion: Actively looking for ways to help people.
clients and patients, individually and in group sessions, to
assist in overcoming dependencies, adjusting to life, and
making changes. Monitors, evaluates, and records client and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family,
progress according to measurable goals described in treat-
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists;
ment and care plan. Refers patient, client, or family to
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu-
community resources to assist in recovery from mental or
nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling
physical illness. Plans and conducts programs to prevent
Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious
substance abuse or improve health and counseling services
in community. Supervises and directs other workers pro- Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists;
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Men-
viding services to client or patient. Intervenes as advocate
tal Health Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional
for client or patient to resolve emergency problems in cri-
Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious
sis situation. Modifies treatment plan to comply with
Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social and Hu-
changes in clients status. Formulates or coordinates pro-
man Service Assistants; Social Workers, All Other; Sub-
gram plan for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of client
or patient, based on social work experience and knowl- stance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors.
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre-
edge. Counsels family members to assist in understand-
ing, dealing with, and supporting client or patient.
Interviews clients, reviews records, and confers with other
professionals to evaluate mental or physical condition of
client or patient. SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical/
aware of others reactions and understanding why they Medical Social Work. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
react as they do. Critical Thinking: Using logic and rea- COURSESTherapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
soning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alter- principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
native solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
Management of Financial Resources: Determining how tions and for career counseling and guidance. Customer
money will be spent to get the work done and accounting and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
for these expenditures. Reading Comprehension: Under- cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan- edge of principles and methods for curriculum and train-
dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. ing design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and perfor- groups, and the measurement of training effects. English
mance; individual differences in ability, personality, and Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
interests; learning and motivation; psychological research English language, including the meaning and spelling of
methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral words, rules of composition, and grammar.
and affective disorders. Education and Training: Knowl-

on-the-job training
Medical Assistants Growth: 57.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
the direction of physician. Administrative duties may Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur-
include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi-
records, billing, and coding for insurance purposes. Clini- ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists,
cal duties may include taking and recording vital signs General; Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Pediatricians,
and medical histories, preparing patients for examina- General; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy Techni-
tion, drawing blood, and administering medications as cians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All
directed by physician. Prepares treatment rooms for ex- Other; Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgi-
amination of patients. Hands instruments and materials cal Technologists. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social
to physician. Schedules appointments. Maintains medi- occupations frequently involve working with, communi-
cal records. Contacts medical facility or department to cating with, and teaching people. These occupations often
schedule patients for tests. Lifts and turns patients. Gives involve helping or providing service to others.
physiotherapy treatments, such as diathermy, galvanics,
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Allied
and hydrotherapy. Receives payment for bills. Performs
routine laboratory tests. Gives injections or treatments to Health and Medical Assisting Services, Other; Anesthesi-
ologist Assistant; Chiropractic Assistant/Technician; Medi-
patients. Operates X-ray, electrocardiograph (EKG), and
cal Administrative/Executive Assistant and Medical
other equipment to administer routine diagnostic tests.
Secretary; Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder;
Completes insurance forms. Computes and mails monthly
Medical Office Assistant/Specialist; Medical Office Man-
statements to patients and records transactions. Cleans and
agement/Administration; Medical Reception/Reception-
sterilizes instruments. Inventories and orders medical sup-
plies and materials. Interviews patients; measures vital ist; Medical/Clinical Assistant; Opthalmic Technician/
Technologist; Optomeric Technician/Assistant; Orthop-
signs, weight, and height; and records information.
tics/Orthoptist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Cleri-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orientation:
Actively looking for ways to help people. Speaking: Talk-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Writing:
files and records, stenography and transcription, design-
ing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
the needs of the audience.
_______________________________________ Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and words, rules of composition, and grammar. Therapy and
their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and in- Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
teractions with each other and the environment. English cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
English language, including the meaning and spelling of ing and guidance.

Medical Records and Health

Growth: 49.0%
Information Technicians Annual Job Openings: 14,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
M
Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hos- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
pital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with Detail. Work Group: 09.07. Records Processing. Other
medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory Job Titles in This Work Group: Correspondence Clerks;
requirements of the health care system. Process, main- Court Reporters; Credit Authorizers; Credit Authorizers,
tain, compile, and report patient information for health Checkers, and Clerks; Credit Checkers; File Clerks; Hu-
requirements and standards. Compiles and maintains man Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeep-
medical records of patients to document condition and ing; Information and Record Clerks, All Other; Insurance
treatment and to provide data for research studies. Main- Claims and Policy Processing Clerks; Insurance Claims
tains variety of health record indexes and storage and re- Clerks; Insurance Policy Processing Clerks; Medical Tran-
trieval systems. Enters data such as demographic scriptionists; Office Clerks, General; Procurement Clerks;
characteristics, history and extent of disease, diagnostic Proofreaders and Copy Markers. PERSONALITY
procedures, and treatment into computer. Prepares statis- TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre-
tical reports, narrative reports, and graphic presentations quently involve following set procedures and routines.
of tumor registry data for use by hospital staff, research- These occupations can include working with data and
ers, and other users. Assists in special studies or research as details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line
needed. Contacts discharged patients, their families, and of authority to follow.
physicians to maintain registry with follow-up informa-
tion, such as quality of life and length of survival of cancer
Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician;
patients. Reviews records for completeness and to abstract
Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder. RELATED
and code data, using standard classification systems, and
to identify and compile patient data. Compiles medical
care and census data for statistical reports on diseases
treated, surgery performed, and use of hospital beds. such as word processing, managing files and records, ste-
office procedures and terminology. Computers and Elec-
others to convey information effectively. Active Listen-
ing: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
priate times. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Medicine and
problems.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alterna- health-care measures.

Medical Scientists, Annual Earnings: $55,960
Growth: 26.5%
Except Epidemiologists Annual Job Openings: 2,000
Self-Employed: 2.8%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Conduct research dealing with the understanding of priate for the needs of the audience. Science: Using scien-
human diseases and the improvement of human health. tific rules and methods to solve problems.
Engage in clinical investigation or other research, pro-
duction, technical writing, or related activities. Plans and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
directs studies to investigate human or animal disease,
preventive methods, and treatments for disease. Consults
with and advises physicians, educators, researchers, and
others regarding medical applications of sciences such as
physics, biology, and chemistry. Confers with health de-
partment, industry personnel, physicians, and others to gists; Biophysicists; Conservation Scientists; Environmen-
tal Scientists and Specialists, Including Health;
develop health safety standards and programs to improve
Epidemiologists; Food Science Technicians; Food Scien-
public health. Supervises activities of clerical and statisti-
tists and Technologists; Foresters; Life Scientists, All Other;
cal or laboratory personnel. Teaches principles of medi-
Microbiologists; Plant Scientists; Range Managers; Soil and
cine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians,
Plant Scientists; Soil Conservationists; Soil Scientists;
residents, students, and technicians. Standardizes drug
dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists. PERSONALITY
manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds. Prepares
and analyzes samples for toxicity, bacteria, or microorgan-
isms or to study cell structure and properties. Examines
organs, tissues, cell structures, or microorganisms by sys-
tematic observation or using microscope. Investigates EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of dis- Anatomy; Biochemistry; Biomedical Sciences, General;
eases or parasites. Studies effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, Biophysics; Biostatistics; Cardiovascular Science; Cell
parasites, or microorganisms or health and physiological Physiology; Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology; Endo-
processes of animals and humans. Plans methodological crinology; Environmental Toxicology; Epidemiology; Ex-
design of research study and arranges for data collection. ercise Physiology; Human/Medical Genetics;
Conducts research to develop methodologies; instrumen- Immunology; Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology;
tation; or identification, diagnosing, and treatment pro- Medical Scientist (MS, PhD); Molecular Biology; Molecu-
cedures for medical application. Analyzes data, applying lar Pharmacology; Molecular Physiology; Molecular Toxi-
statistical techniques and scientific knowledge; prepares cology; Neurobiology and Neurophysiology;
reports; and presents findings. SKILLSInstructing: Neuropharmacology; Oncology and Cancer Biology; Pa-
Teaching others how to do something. Active Learning: thology/Experimental Pathology; Pharmacology; Pharma-
Understanding the implications of new information for cology and Toxicology; Pharmacology and Toxicology,
both current and future problem-solving and decision- Other; Physiology, General; Physiology, Pathology, and
making. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ- Related Sciences, Other; Reproductive Biology; Toxicol-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. ogy; Vision Science/Physiological Optics. RELATED
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge
_________________________________________________________________ Medical Secretaries
of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics cuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
and their applications. Biology: Knowledge of plant and computer hardware and software, including applications
animal organisms and their tissues, cells, functions, inter- and programming. English Language: Knowledge of the
dependencies, and interactions with each other and the structure and content of the English language, including
environment. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical com- the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
position, structure, and properties of substances and of and grammar. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
the chemical processes and transformations that they un- information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
dergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interac- human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
tions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
methods. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of cir- interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

vocational training
Medical Secretaries
M
Growth: 19.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 19.8%
Perform secretarial duties utilizing specific knowledge GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or labora- Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other
tory procedures. Duties include scheduling appoint- Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem-
ments; billing patients; and compiling and recording ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and
medical charts, reports, and correspondence. Compiles License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Pro-
and records medical charts, reports, and correspondence, grams; Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants;
using typewriter or personal computer. Transcribes re- Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan; Legal Secretar-
corded messages and practitioners diagnosis and recom- ies; License Clerks; Loan Interviewers and Clerks; Mu-
mendations into patients medical record. Transmits nicipal Clerks; Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, and
correspondence and medical records by mail, e-mail, or Executive; Welfare Eligibility Workers and Interviewers.
fax. Greets visitors, ascertains purpose of visits, and di- PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional
rects to appropriate staff. Routes messages and documents occupations frequently involve following set procedures
such as laboratory results to appropriate staff. Prepares and and routines. These occupations can include working with
transmits patients bills. Maintains medical records and data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a
correspondence files. Answers telephone and directs call clear line of authority to follow.
to appropriate staff. Schedules patient diagnostic appoint-
ments and medical consultations. Takes dictation in short- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Medical
Administrative/Executive Assistant and Medical Secretary;
hand. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention
Medical Insurance Specialist/Medical Biller; Medical Of-
fice Assistant/Specialist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ- cessing, managing files and records, stenography and
and terminology. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge
for the needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others
of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment,
to convey information effectively. Coordination: Adjust-
and computer hardware and software, including applica-
ing actions in relation to others actions.
tions and programming. English Language: Knowledge
of the structure and content of the English language,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com- of principles and processes for providing customer and
position, and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith- personal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
applications. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge customer satisfaction.

Medical Transcriptionists

Growth: 29.8%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Use transcribing machines with headset and foot pedal Court Reporters; Credit Authorizers; Credit Authorizers,
to listen to recordings by physicians and other health Checkers, and Clerks; Credit Checkers; File Clerks; Hu-
care professionals dictating a variety of medical reports, man Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeep-
such as emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging stud- ing; Information and Record Clerks, All Other; Insurance
ies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Tran- Claims and Policy Processing Clerks; Insurance Claims
scribe dictated reports and translate medical jargon and Clerks; Insurance Policy Processing Clerks; Medical
abbreviations into their expanded forms. Edit as neces- Records and Health Information Technicians; Office
sary and return reports in either printed or electronic Clerks, General; Procurement Clerks; Proofreaders and
form to the dictator for review and signature or correc- Copy Markers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data avail-
tion. SKILLSNo data available. able.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Medical
Detail. Work Group: 09.07. Records Processing. Other Transcription/Transcriptionist. RELATED KNOWL-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Correspondence Clerks; EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Meeting and

Growth: 23.3%
Convention Planners Annual Job Openings: 3,000
Self-Employed: 5.4%
Part-Time: 7.7%
Coordinate activities of staff and convention personnel and displays for conformance to customer requirements
to make arrangements for group meetings and conven- and conducts post-meeting evaluations to improve future
tions. Directs and coordinates activities of staff and con- events. Negotiates contracts with such providers as hotels,
vention personnel to make arrangements, prepare facilities, convention centers, and speakers. Evaluates and selects
and provide services for events. Reads trade publications, providers of services such as meeting facilities, speakers,
attends seminars, and consults with other meeting profes- and transportation according to customer requirements.
sionals to keep abreast of meeting management standards Consults with customer to determine objectives and re-
and trends. Maintains records of events. Reviews bills for quirements for events such as meetings, conferences, and
accuracy and approves payment. Obtains permits from conventions. Plans and develops programs; budgets; and
fire and health departments to erect displays and exhibits services such as lodging, catering, and entertainment ac-
and serve food at events. Speaks with attendees and recording to customer requirements. SKILLSCoordina-
solves complaints to maintain goodwill. Inspects rooms tion: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions.
________________________________________ Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating, devel- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
oping, and directing people as they work, identifying the ing and often deal with business.
best people for the job. Service Orientation: Actively look-
ing for ways to help people. Speaking: Talking to others
to convey information effectively. Writing: Communicat- Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
the audience. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
coordination of people and resources. Customer and Per-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, providing customer and personal services. This includes
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.01. customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Managerial Work in Recreation, Travel, and Other Per- services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English
sonal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
M
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors; First-Line Supervi- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
sors/Managers of Food Preparation and Serving Workers; words, rules of composition, and grammar. Sales and
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
Janitorial Workers; First-Line Supervisors/Managers of showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This
Personal Service Workers; Food Service Managers; Gam- includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon-
ing Managers; Gaming Supervisors; Housekeeping Super- stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Com-
visors; Janitorial Supervisors; Lodging Managers. munications and Media: Knowledge of media production,
PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc- communication, and dissemination techniques and meth-
cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out ods. This includes alternative ways to inform and enter-
projects. These occupations can involve leading people and tain via written, oral, and visual media.

Mental Health and Substance

Growth: 39.1%
Abuse Social Workers Annual Job Openings: 10,000
Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 11.9%
Assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or ply with changes in clients status. Interviews clients, re-
substance abuse problems, including abuse of alcohol, views records, and confers with other professionals to evalu-
tobacco, and/or other drugs. Activities may include in- ate mental or physical condition of client or patient.
dividual and group therapy, crisis intervention, case Formulates or coordinates program plan for treatment,
management, client advocacy, prevention, and education. care, and rehabilitation of client or patient based on social
Counsels clients and patients, individually and in group work experience and knowledge. Monitors, evaluates, and
sessions, to assist in overcoming dependencies, adjusting records client progress according to measurable goals de-
to life, and making changes. Refers patient, client, or family scribed in treatment and care plan. Counsels family mem-
to community resources to assist in recovery from mental bers to assist in understanding, dealing with, and
or physical illness. Plans and conducts programs to pre- supporting client or patient. SKILLSSocial Perceptive-
vent substance abuse or improve health and counseling ness: Being aware of others reactions and understanding
services in community. Supervises and directs other work- why they react as they do. Service Orientation: Actively
ers providing services to client or patient. Intervenes as looking for ways to help people. Critical Thinking: Us-
advocate for client or patient to resolve emergency prob- ing logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weak-
lems in crisis situation. Modifies treatment plan to com- nesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
to problems. Management of Financial Resources: De- quently involve working with, communicating with, and
termining how money will be spent to get the work done teaching people. These occupations often involve helping
and accounting for these expenditures. Active Listening: or providing service to others.
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak-
ing time to understand the points being made, asking EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical/
Medical Social Work. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESTherapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
priate times. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
ments.
tions and for career counseling and guidance. Psychology:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services. vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists; the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu- disorders. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling principles and processes for providing customer and per-
Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious sonal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists; meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health customer satisfaction. Education and Training: Knowl-
Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional Treat- edge of principles and methods for curriculum and train-
ment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious ing design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social and Hu- groups, and the measurement of training effects. English
man Service Assistants; Social Workers, All Other; Sub- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
stance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors. English language, including the meaning and spelling of
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre- words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Mental Health Counselors

Growth: 21.7%
Self-Employed: 0.6%
Part-Time: 18.0%
Counsel with emphasis on prevention. Work with indi- tient, client, or family to community resources to assist in
viduals and groups to promote optimum mental health. recovery from mental or physical illness. Monitors, evalu-
May help individuals deal with addictions and substance ates, and records client progress according to measurable
abuse; family, parenting, and marital problems; suicide; goals described in treatment and care plan. Counsels fam-
stress management; problems with self-esteem; and is- ily members to assist in understanding, dealing with, and
sues associated with aging and mental and emotional supporting client or patient. Formulates or coordinates
health. Counsels clients and patients, individually and in program plan for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of
group sessions, to assist in overcoming dependencies, ad- client or patient, based on social work experience and
justing to life, and making changes. Modifies treatment knowledge. Interviews clients, reviews records, and con-
plan to comply with changes in clients status. Intervenes fers with other professionals to evaluate mental or physi-
as advocate for client or patient to resolve emergency prob- cal condition of client or patient. SKILLSSocial
lems in crisis situation. Supervises and directs other work- Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and un-
ers providing services to client or patient. Plans and derstanding why they react as they do. Service Orienta-
conducts programs to prevent substance abuse or improve tion: Actively looking for ways to help people.
health and counseling services in community. Refers pa- Management of Financial Resources: Determining how
______________________________________________ Metal Fabricators, Structural Metal Products
money will be spent to get the work done and accounting communicating with, and teaching people. These occupa-
for these expenditures. Critical Thinking: Using logic and tions often involve helping or providing service to others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical/
lems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other Medical Social Work; Mental and Social Health Services
and Allied Professions, Other; Mental Health Counsel-
ing/Counselor; Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTherapy and
terrupting at inappropriate times. Reading Comprehen-
Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
work-related documents.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education ing and guidance. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services. edge of principles and processes for providing customer
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, and and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists; sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
M
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu- ation of customer satisfaction. Psychology: Knowledge of
nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling human behavior and performance; individual differences
Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motiva-
Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists; tion; psychological research methods; and the assessment
Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Edu-
and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Probation Officers cation and Training: Knowledge of principles and meth-
and Correctional Treatment Specialists; Rehabilitation ods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
Counselors; Religious Workers, All Other; Residential instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
Advisors; Social and Human Service Assistants; Social ment of training effects. English Language: Knowledge
Workers, All Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Dis- of the structure and content of the English language, in-
order Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. So- cluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
cial occupations frequently involve working with, position, and grammar.

on-the-job training
Metal Fabricators, Structural Annual Earnings: $28,000
Growth: 19.5%
Metal Products Annual Job Openings: 20,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Fabricate and assemble structural metal products, such tions, aligns, fits, and welds together parts, using jigs, weld-
as frameworks or shells for machinery, ovens, tanks, and ing torch, and hand tools. Sets up and operates fabricat-
stacks and metal parts for buildings and bridges according machines, such as brakes, rolls, shears, flame cutters,
ing to job order or blueprints. Develops layout and plans and drill presses. Sets up and operates machine tools asso-
sequence of operations for fabricating and assembling ciated with fabricating shops, such as radial drill, end mill,
structural metal products, applying trigonometry and and edge planer. Designs and constructs templates and
knowledge of metal. Locates and marks bending and cut- fixtures, using hand tools. SKILLSMathematics: Us-
ting lines onto workpiece, allowing for stock thickness and ing mathematics to solve problems. Operation and Con-
machine and welding shrinkage. Hammers, chips, and trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
grinds workpiece to cut, bend, and straighten metal. Veri- Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and
fies conformance of workpiece to specifications, using equipment needed to do a job. Quality Control Analysis:
square, ruler, and measuring tape. Preheats workpieces to Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or
render them malleable, using hand torch or furnace. Posi- processes to evaluate quality or performance. Operations
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Analysis: Analyzing needs and product requirements to Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
create a design. Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic;
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Machine
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- Shop Technology/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat- structures, such as highways and roads. Design: Knowl-
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma- in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, draw-
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex- ings, and models. Production and Processing: Knowledge
truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, of raw materials, production processes, quality control,
Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma- costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective
chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass manufacture and distribution of goods. Engineering and
Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to
Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators; the design and production of various goods and services.

Metal Molding, Coremaking, training
and Casting Machine Growth: 9.8%
Operators and Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Operate or tend metal molding, casting, or coremaking chines, conveyor-screw coremaking machines, and die
machines to mold or cast metal products, such as pipes, casting machines. Starts and operates furnace, oven,
brake drums, and rods, and metal parts, such as auto- diecasting, coremaking, metal molding, or rotating ma-
mobile trim, carburetor housings, and motor parts. chines to pour metal or create molds and casts. Removes
Machines include centrifugal casting machines, vacuum casting from mold, mold from press, or core from core
casting machines, turnover draw-type coremaking ma- box, using tongs, pliers, or hydraulic ram or by inversion.
______________________ Metal Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Operators and Tenders
Pours or loads metal or sand into melting pot, furnace, Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
mold, core box, or hopper, using shovel, ladle, or machine. Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat-
Inspects metal casts and molds for cracks, bubbles, or other ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up
defects and measures castings to ensure that specifications Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set-
are met. Cleans, glues, and racks cores, ingots, or finished ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool
products for storage. Cuts spouts and pouring holes in Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting,
molds and sizes hardened cores, using saws. Signals or di- Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
rects other workers to load conveyor, spray molds, or re- ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians;
move ingots. Requisitions molds and supplies; inventories Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
and records finished products. Weighs metals and pow- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip-
ders and computes amounts of materials necessary to pro- ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and
duce mixture of specified content. Smoothes and cleans Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine
inner surface of mold, using brush, scraper, air hose, or and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing
grinding wheel, and fills imperfections with refractory Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas-
material. Sprays, smokes, or coats molds with compounds tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
M
to lubricate or insulate mold, using acetylene torches or chine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming,
sprayers. Skims or pours dross, slag, or impurities from Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
molten metal, using ladle, rake, hoe, spatula, or spoon. Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
Assembles shell halves, patterns, and foundry flasks and ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers;
reinforces core boxes, using glue, clamps, wire, bolts, rams, Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
or machines. Repairs or replaces damaged molds, pipes, and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
belts, chains, or other equipment, using hand tools, hand- Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
powered press, or jib crane. Fills core boxes and mold pat- Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
terns with sand or powders, using ramming tools or Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
pneumatic hammers, and removes excess. Observes and Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
records data from pyrometers, lights, and gauges to moni- Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
tor molding process and adjust furnace temperature. Po- ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
sitions, aligns, and secures molds or core boxes in holding Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
devices or under pouring spouts and tubes, using hand elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
tools. Positions ladles or pourers and adjusts controls to Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
regulate the flow of metal, sand, or coolant into mold. Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling operations terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER-
of equipment or systems. Operation Monitoring: Watch- SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
ing gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a ma- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
chine is working properly. Quality Control Analysis: hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
processes to evaluate quality or performance. Equipment and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on equip- outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
ment and determining when and what kind of mainte- closely with others.
nance is needed. Repairing: Repairing machines or
systems, using the needed tools. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology. and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging tenance. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air- materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers; other techniques for maximizing the effective manufac-
Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers, ture and distribution of goods. Building and Construc-
Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; tion: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi-
structures, such as highways and roads. Mathematics: neering science and technology. This includes applying
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
statistics and their applications. Engineering and Tech- design and production of various goods and services.

Metal Molding, Coremaking, on-the-job training
and Casting Machine Setters Growth: 9.8%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Set up or set up and operate metal casting, molding, and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial
coremaking machines to mold or cast metal parts and Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology.
products, such as tubes, rods, automobile trim, carbure- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging
tor housings, and motor parts. Machines include die cast- Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
ing and continuous casting machines and roll-over, craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers;
squeeze, and shell molding machines. Moves controls to Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers,
start, set, or adjust casting, molding, or pressing machines. Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
Cleans and lubricates casting machine and dies, using air Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
hose and brushes. Inspects castings and core slots for de- Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat-
fects, using fixed gauges. Repairs or replaces worn or de- ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up
fective machine parts and dies. Obtains and moves Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set-
specified pattern to work station manually or using hoist ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool
and secures pattern to machine, using wrenches. Removes Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting,
castings from dies and dips castings in water to cool, us- Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
ing pliers or tongs. Preheats die sections with torch or elec- ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians;
tric heater. Pours molten metal into cold-chamber machine Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
or cylinders, using hand ladle. Connects water hose to Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip-
cooling system of die, using hand tools. Loads metal in- ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and
gots or aluminum bars into melting furnace and transfers Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine
molten metal to reservoir of die casting machine. Stacks and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing
and mounts rotor core laminations over keyed mandrel of Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas-
casting machine and removes and stamps rotor with iden- tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
tifying data. Lines cylinder pot with asbestos strips and chine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming,
disk to prevent chilling. Loads die sections into machine, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
using equipment such as chain fall or hoist, and secures in Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
position, using hand tools. SKILLSEquipment Selec- ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers;
tion: Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
to do a job. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is work- Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
ing properly. Operation and Control: Controlling opera- Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
tions of equipment or systems. Equipment Maintenance: Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and de- Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
termining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspec- ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
tions of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
or performance. elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
_____________________________________________________________________ Microbiologists
Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and duction processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma- niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER- tribution of goods. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
frequently involve work activities that include practical, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and Technol-
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, ing science and technology. This includes applying
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working design and production of various goods and services. Phys-
closely with others. ics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles and
laws and their interrelationships and applications to un-
derstanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and
mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures
and processes.
M
Microbiologists

Growth: 21.0%
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Investigate the growth, structure, development, and other ing: Understanding the implications of new information
characteristics of microscopic organisms, such as bacte- for both current and future problem-solving and decision-
ria, algae, or fungi. Includes medical microbiologists who making. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
study the relationship between organisms and disease or lems.
the effects of antibiotics on microorganisms. Studies
growth, structure, development, and general characteris-
tics of bacteria and other microorganisms. Studies growth
structure and development of viruses and rickettsiae. Ex- ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Agricul-
amines physiological, morphological, and cultural char-
acteristics, using microscope, to identify microorganisms.
Observes action of microorganisms upon living tissues of
gists; Biophysicists; Conservation Scientists; Environmen-
plants, higher animals, and other microorganisms and on
dead organic matter. Conducts chemical analyses of sub-
stances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes. Prepares tech- Epidemiologists; Food Science Technicians; Food Scien-
nical reports and recommendations based upon research
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists; Plant Scien-
outcomes. Researches use of bacteria and microorganisms
tists; Range Managers; Soil and Plant Scientists; Soil Con-
to develop vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, grain alco-
servationists; Soil Scientists; Zoologists and Wildlife
hol, sugars, and polymers. Isolates and makes cultures of
Biologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed media,
controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition. tigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
problems mentally.
ments. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Biochem-
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Active Learn- istry/Biophysics and Molecular Biology; Cell/Cellular
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other; Microbiology, that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their
General; Neuroanatomy; Soil Microbiology; Structural Bi- interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and dis-
ology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBiology: posal methods. Administration and Management: Knowl-
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their tis- edge of business and management principles involved in
sues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
with each other and the environment. Mathematics: modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and coordination of people and resources. English Language:
statistics and their applications. Chemistry: Knowledge of Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan-
the chemical composition, structure, and properties of sub- guage, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules
stances and of the chemical processes and transformations of composition, and grammar.
Middle School Teachers,

Except Special and Growth: 9.6%
Vocational Education Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 10.6%
Teach students in public or private schools in one or GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
more subjects at the middle, intermediate, or junior high and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser-
level, which falls between elementary and senior high vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit-
school as defined by applicable state laws and regula- eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and
tions. Instructs students by using various teaching meth- Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
ods, such as lecture and demonstration. Prepares course Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
outlines and objectives according to curriculum guidelines Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth-
or state and local requirements. Evaluates, records, and nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
reports student progress. Maintains discipline in classroom. Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
Selects, stores, orders, issues, and inventories classroom Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
equipment, materials, and supplies. Performs advisory Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science
duties, such as sponsoring student organizations or clubs, Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary;
helping students select courses, and counseling students Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
with problems. Keeps attendance records. Participates in Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci-
faculty and professional meetings, educational conferences, ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
and teacher training workshops. Confers with students, Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
parents, and school counselors to resolve behavioral and ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
academic problems. Uses audiovisual aids and other ma- Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
terials to supplement presentations. Assigns lessons and Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
corrects homework. Develops and administers tests. Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
SKILLSLearning Strategies: Selecting and using trainers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
ing/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
the situation when learning or teaching new things. Speak- Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively. Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Math- Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
_______________________________________ Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library ence Teacher Education; Social Studies Teacher Education;
Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific
Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science Subject Areas, Other; Technology Teacher Education/In-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Museum Technicians and Con- dustrial Arts Teacher Education. RELATED KNOWL-
servators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; EDGE/COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge
Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion of principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary and the measurement of training effects. English Language:
Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, Except Special Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan-
Education; Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary; others. guage, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules
PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations fre- of composition, and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge
quently involve working with, communicating with, and of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
teaching people. These occupations often involve helping their applications. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge
or providing service to others. of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
M
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Art
tions and for career counseling and guidance. Clerical
Teacher Education; Computer Teacher Education; English/ Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical proce-
Language Arts Teacher Education; Family and Consumer
Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education; Foreign
Language Teacher Education; Health Occupations Teacher
forms, and other office procedures and terminology. Psy-
Education; Health Teacher Education; History Teacher
chology: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
Education; Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Edu-
individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
cation and Teaching; Mathematics Teacher Education; learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
Music Teacher Education; Physical Education Teaching and
and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec-
Coaching; Reading Teacher Education; Science Teacher
tive disorders.
Education/General Science Teacher Education; Social Sci-

vocational training
Mobile Heavy Equipment Annual Earnings: $35,190
Growth: 14.0%
Mechanics, Except Engines Annual Job Openings: 11,000
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 2.4%
Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechani- Immerses parts in tanks of solvent or sprays parts with
cal, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment, such as cranes, grease solvent to clean parts. Directs workers engaged in
bulldozers, graders, and conveyors, used in construction, cleaning parts and assisting with assembly or disassembly
logging, and surface mining. Repairs and replaces dam- of equipment. SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines
aged or worn parts. Adjusts, maintains, and repairs or re- or systems, using the needed tools. Equipment Mainte-
places engines and subassemblies, including transmissions nance: Performing routine maintenance on equipment
and crawler heads, using hand tools, jacks, and cranes. and determining when and what kind of maintenance is
Dismantles and reassembles heavy equipment, using hoists needed. Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operat-
and hand tools. Overhauls and tests machines or equip- ing errors and deciding what to do about them. Quality
ment to ensure operating efficiency. Examines parts for Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of
damage or excessive wear, using micrometers and gauges. products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or per-
Operates and inspects machines or heavy equipment to formance. Operation and Control: Controlling operations
diagnose defects. Welds or cuts metal and welds broken of equipment or systems.
parts and structural members, using electric or gas welder.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, cians; Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechani- Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed Instrument Repairers
cal Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Changers; Valve and Regu-
Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine lator Repairers; Watch Repairers. PERSONALITY
Specialists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics; Automotive real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automotive Specialty of the occupations require working outside and do not
Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders; involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
tural Mechanics and Equipment/Machine Technology;
Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology/Technician.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of
ers; Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics; Heating, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
and services. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machinery; ture and content of the English language, including the
Mechanical Door Repairers; Medical Appliance Techni-
grammar. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
cians; Medical Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics;
Millwrights; Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechan-
ics; Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic
ture and distribution of goods. Physics: Knowledge and
Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers;
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me- prediction of physical principles and laws and their inter-
chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument
and Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers;
Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Vehicle Service Techni-
Molding, Coremaking, Education/Training Required: Moderate-term

on-the-job training
and Casting Machine Setters, Annual Earnings: $22,340
Growth: 9.8%
Operators, and Tenders, Annual Job Openings: 38,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Metal and Plastic Part-Time: 2.6%
Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, cast- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft Rigging
ing, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
thermoplastic parts or products. SKILLSNo data avail- craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers;
able. Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
______________________________________________________ Multi-Media Artists and Animators
Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat- Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set- Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting, Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip- Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas- terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER-
tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma- SONALITY TYPENo data available.
chine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming,
M
Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
data available.

Multi-Media Artists

Growth: 22.2%
and Animators Annual Job Openings: 8,000
Part-Time: 24.0%
Create special effects, animation, or other visual images, Graphic Designers; Interior Designers; Merchandise
using film, video, computers, or other electronic tools Displayers and Window Trimmers; Painters and Illustra-
and media for use in products or creations, such as com- tors; Sculptors; Set and Exhibit Designers; Set Designers;
puter games, movies, music videos, and commercials. Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY TYPENo data avail-
SKILLSNo data available. able.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Anima-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts. tion, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com- Effects; Drawing; Graphic Design; Intermedia/Multime-
mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other; dia; Painting; Printmaking; Web Page, Digital/Multime-
Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Includ- dia and Information Resources Design. RELATED
ing Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers; KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Multiple Machine Tool vocational training
Setters, Operators, and Growth: 14.7%
Tenders, Metal and Plastic Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Set up, operate, or tend more than one type of cutting tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
or forming machine tool or robot. SKILLSNo data chine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming,
available. Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology. Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set- Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set-
ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting,
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER-
ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians;
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Machine
ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and Shop Technology/Assistant; Machine Tool Technology/
Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine Machinist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing No data available.
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas-

training
Municipal Clerks Growth: 12.0%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 16.0%
Draft agendas and bylaws for town or city council, record swers official correspondence. SKILLSWriting: Com-
minutes of council meetings, answer official correspon- municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the
dence, keep fiscal records and accounts, and prepare re- needs of the audience. Active Listening: Giving full at-
ports on civic needs. Prepares agendas and bylaws for town tention to what other people are saying, taking time to
council. Prepares reports on civic needs. Keeps fiscal records understand the points being made, asking questions as
and accounts. Records minutes of council meetings. An- appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
_________________________________________ Municipal Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)General

tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Criti- Office Occupations and Clerical Services. RELATED
cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the KNOWLEDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowl-
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems,
sions, or approaches to problems. Mathematics: Using such as word processing, managing files and records, ste-
mathematics to solve problems. nography and transcription, designing forms, and other
office procedures and terminology. Economics and Ac-
counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
Detail. Work Group: 09.02. Administrative Detail. Other
Job Titles in This Work Group: Claims Takers, Unem-
the analysis and reporting of financial data. English Lan-
ployment Benefits; Court Clerks; Court, Municipal, and guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
License Clerks; Eligibility Interviewers, Government Pro-
grams; Executive Secretaries and Administrative Assistants;
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Mathemat-
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan; Legal Secretar-
ies; License Clerks; Loan Interviewers and Clerks; Medi-
and statistics and their applications. Administration and
M
cal Secretaries; Secretaries, Except Legal, Medical, and
Executive; Welfare Eligibility Workers and Interviewers. principles involved in strategic planning, resource alloca-
production methods, and coordination of people and re-
sources.
clear line of authority to follow.

Municipal Fire Fighting and Annual Earnings: $53,420
Growth: 16.7%
Prevention Supervisors Annual Job Openings: 5,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.1%
Supervise fire fighters who control and extinguish mu- establish procedures for issuing permits regulating storage
nicipal fires, protect life and property, and conduct res- or use of hazardous or flammable substances. Writes and
cue efforts. Coordinates and supervises fire fighting and submits proposal for new equipment or modification of
rescue activities and reports events to supervisor, using two- existing equipment. Orders and directs fire drills for oc-
way radio. Assesses nature and extent of fire, condition of cupants of buildings. Oversees review of new building plans
building, danger to adjacent buildings, and water supply to ensure compliance with laws, ordinances, and adminis-
to determine crew or company requirements. Directs in- trative rules for public fire safety. Confers with civic rep-
vestigation of cases of suspected arson, hazards, and false resentatives and plans talks and demonstrations of fire
alarms. Inspects fire stations, equipment, and records to safety to direct fire prevention information program.
ensure efficiency and enforcement of departmental regu- SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in relation to
lations. Directs building inspections to ensure compliance others actions. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
with fire and safety regulations. Trains subordinates in use what other people are saying, taking time to understand
of equipment, methods of extinguishing fires, and rescue the points being made, asking questions as appropriate,
operations. Evaluates efficiency and performance of em- and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Service Ori-
ployees and recommends awards for service. Keeps equip- entation: Actively looking for ways to help people. Read-
ment and personnel records. Compiles report of fire call, ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
listing location, type, probable cause, estimated damage, paragraphs in work-related documents. Management of
and disposition. Studies and interprets fire safety codes to Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing, and direct-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
ing people as they work, identifying the best people for EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Fire Pro-
the job. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to tection and Safety Technology/Technician; Fire Services
identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu- Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Judgment COURSESPublic Safety and Security: Knowledge of
and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropri- promote effective local, state, or national security opera-
ate one. tions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
stitutions. Education and Training: Knowledge of
Managerial Work in Law, Law Enforcement, and Public and the measurement of training effects. Principles of Me-
Safety. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Emergency
chanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, in-
Management Specialists; First-Line Supervisors/Managers
cluding their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
of Correctional Officers; First-Line Supervisors/Manag-
ers of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers; First-Line
Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives; First-Line
Supervisors/Managers, Protective Service Workers, All negotiation, and personnel information systems. Admin-
Other; Forest Fire Fighting and Prevention Supervisors.
people and resources. Transportation: Knowledge of prin-
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working ciples and methods for moving people or goods by air,
rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.

Music Arrangers and

Growth: 13.1%
Orchestrators Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Part-Time: 53.5%
Write and transcribe musical scores. Composes musical actions in relation to others actions. Writing: Communi-
scores for orchestra, band, choral group, or individual in- cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
strumentalist or vocalist, using knowledge of music theory of the audience. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
and instrumental and vocal capabilities. Transposes music what other people are saying, taking time to understand
from one voice or instrument to another to accommodate the points being made, asking questions as appropriate,
particular musician in musical group. Adapts musical com- and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Complex
position for orchestra, band, choral group, or individual Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems and re-
to style for which it was not originally written. Copies viewing related information to develop and evaluate op-
parts from score for individual performers. Determines tions and implement solutions. Reading Comprehension:
voice, instrument, harmonic structure, rhythm, tempo, Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
and tone balance to achieve desired effect. Transcribes related documents.
musical parts from score written by arranger or orchestra-
tor for each instrument or voice, using knowledge of mu-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing
sic composition. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho-
_____________________________________________________________________ Music Directors
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Conduct-

Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Directors; ing; Music Management and Merchandising; Music Per-
Music Directors and Composers; Musicians and Singers; formance, General; Music Theory and Composition; Music,
Musicians, Instrumental; Public Address System and Other Other; Musicology and Ethnomusicology; Religious/Sacred
Announcers; Radio and Television Announcers; Singers; Music; Voice and Opera. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Talent Directors. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Ar- COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and tech-
tistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, niques required to compose, produce, and perform works
designs, and patterns. They often require self-expression, of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. English
and the work can be done without following a clear set of Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
rules. English language, including the meaning and spelling of

M
Music Directors

Growth: 13.1%
Part-Time: 53.5%
Direct and conduct instrumental or vocal performances Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers
by musical groups, such as orchestras or choirs. Directs and Orchestrators; Music Directors and Composers; Mu-
group at rehearsals and live or recorded performances to sicians and Singers; Musicians, Instrumental; Public Ad-
achieve desired effects, such as tonal and harmonic bal- dress System and Other Announcers; Radio and Television
ance dynamics, rhythm, and tempo. Positions members Announcers; Singers; Talent Directors. PERSONALITY
within group to obtain balance among instrumental sec- TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
tions. Auditions and selects vocal and instrumental groups working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often
for musical presentations. Transcribes musical composi- require self-expression, and the work can be done without
tions and melodic lines to adapt them to or create par- following a clear set of rules.
ticular style for group. Engages services of composer to
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Conduct-
write score. Issues assignments and reviews work of staff
ing; Music Management and Merchandising; Music Per-
in such areas as scoring, arranging, and copying music and
formance, General; Music Theory and Composition;
lyric and vocal coaching. Selects vocal, instrumental, and
Music, Other; Musicology and Ethnomusicology; Reli-
recorded music suitable to type of performance require-
gious/Sacred Music; Voice and Opera. RELATED
ments to accommodate ability of group. SKILLSCoor-
dination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. KNOWLEDGE/COURSESFine Arts: Knowledge of
Time Management: Managing ones own time and the
time of others. Management of Personnel Resources:
and sculpture. Administration and Management: Knowl-
identifying the best people for the job. Monitoring: Moni-
toring/Assessing your performance or that of other indi-
viduals or organizations to make improvements or take modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
coordination of people and resources. Personnel and
corrective action. Instructing: Teaching others how to do
Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and proce-
something.
dures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, com-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- pensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation,
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing and personnel information systems. English Language:
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
rules of composition, and grammar. Transportation: chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people ment of behavioral and affective disorders. Education and
or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur-
costs and benefits. Psychology: Knowledge of human be- riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
havior and performance; individual differences in ability, individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy- effects.

Music Directors and

Growth: 13.1%
Composers Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Part-Time: 53.5%
Conduct, direct, plan, and lead instrumental or vocal ers; Musicians, Instrumental; Public Address System and
performances by musical groups, such as orchestras, Other Announcers; Radio and Television Announcers;
choirs, and glee clubs. Includes arrangers, composers, Singers; Talent Directors. PERSONALITY TYPENo
choral directors, and orchestrators. SKILLSNo data data available.
available.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Conduct-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- ing; Music Management and Merchandising; Music Per-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing formance, General; Music Theory and Composition;
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- Music, Other; Musicology and Ethnomusicology; Reli-
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, gious/Sacred Music; Voice and Opera. RELATED
Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
and Orchestrators; Music Directors; Musicians and Sing-

training
Musicians and Singers Growth: 20.1%
Part-Time: 53.5%
Play one or more musical instruments or entertain by Composers; Musicians, Instrumental; Public Address Sys-
singing songs in recital, in accompaniment, or as a mem- tem and Other Announcers; Radio and Television An-
ber of an orchestra, band, or other musical group. Musi- nouncers; Singers; Talent Directors. PERSONALITY
cal performers may entertain on-stage, radio, TV, film, TYPENo data available.
video, or record in studios. SKILLSNo data available.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Jazz/Jazz
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- Studies; Music Pedagogy; Music Performance, General;
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing Music, General; Music, Other; Piano and Organ; Violin,
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments; Voice and
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, Opera. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers data available.
and Orchestrators; Music Directors; Music Directors and
____________________________________________ Network and Computer Systems Administrators

training
Musicians, Instrumental Growth: 20.1%
Part-Time: 53.5%
Play one or more musical instruments in recital, in ac- Composers; Musicians and Singers; Public Address Sys-
companiment, or as member of an orchestra, band, or tem and Other Announcers; Radio and Television An-
other musical group. Plays musical instrument as soloist nouncers; Singers; Talent Directors. PERSONALITY
or as member of musical group, such as orchestra or band, TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
to entertain audience. Practices performance on musical working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often
instrument to maintain and improve skills. Transposes require self-expression, and the work can be done without
music to play in alternate key or to fit individual style or following a clear set of rules.
purposes. Directs band/orchestra. Teaches music for spe-
cific instruments. Composes new musical scores. Memo-
Studies; Music Pedagogy; Music Performance, General;
rizes musical scores. Improvises music during performance.
Plays from memory or by following score. Studies and Music, General; Music, Other; Piano and Organ; Violin,
Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments. RELATED
rehearses music to learn and interpret score. SKILLS
and sculpture. Education and Training: Knowledge of
N
solving and decision-making. Instructing: Teaching oth-
ers how to do something. Monitoring: Monitoring/ principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
and the measurement of training effects. Mathematics:
action. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/
instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the
situation when learning or teaching new things.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- position, and grammar. Psychology: Knowledge of hu-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing man behavior and performance; individual differences in
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation;
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, psychological research methods; and the assessment and
Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
and Orchestrators; Music Directors; Music Directors and

Network and Computer

Growth: 81.9%
Systems Administrators Annual Job Openings: 18,000
Part-Time: 7.2%
Install, configure, and support an organizations local area system or a segment of a network system. Maintain net-
network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and Internet work hardware and software. Monitor network to
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
ensure network availability to all system users and per- Mathematical Technicians; Mathematicians; Network Sys-
form necessary maintenance to support network avail- tems and Data Communications Analysts; Operations
ability. May supervise other network support and client Research Analysts; Statistical Assistants; Statisticians. PER-
server specialists and plan, coordinate, and implement SONALITY TYPENo data available.
network security measures. SKILLSNo data available.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Computer
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, and Information Sciences and Support Services, Other;
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat- Computer and Information Sciences, General; Computer
ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: and Information Systems Security; Computer Systems
Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research; Analysis/Analyst; Computer Systems Networking and Tele-
Computer Programmers; Computer Security Specialists; communications; Information Science/Studies; System
Computer Specialists, All Other; Computer Support Spe- Administration/Administrator; System, Networking, and
cialists; Computer Systems Analysts; Database Adminis- LAN/WAN Management/Manager. RELATED KNOWL-
trators; Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other; EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Network Systems and Data
Growth: 77.5%
Communications Analysts

Analyze, design, test, and evaluate network systems, such erating errors and deciding what to do about them. Man-
as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), agement of Material Resources: Obtaining and seeing to
Internet, intranet, and other data communications sys- the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials
tems. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning. needed to do certain work. Writing: Communicating ef-
Research and recommend network and data communi- fectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the au-
cations hardware and software. Includes telecommuni- dience. Active Learning: Understanding the implications
cations specialists who deal with the interfacing of of new information for both current and future problem-
computer and communications equipment. May super- solving and decision-making. Operations Analysis: Ana-
vise computer programmers. Analyzes test data and rec- lyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
ommends hardware or software for purchase. Develops Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
and writes procedures for installation, use, and solving people are saying, taking time to understand the points
problems of communications hardware and software. As- being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in-
sists users to identify and solve data communication prob- terrupting at inappropriate times.
lems. Trains users in use of equipment. Visits vendors to
learn about available products or services. Conducts sur-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.06. Mathemat-
veys to determine user needs. Tests and evaluates hard-
ics and Computers. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
ware and software to determine efficiency, reliability, and
Actuaries; Computer and Information Scientists, Research;
compatibility with existing system. Reads technical manu-
Computer Programmers; Computer Security Specialists;
als and brochures to determine which equipment meets
establishment requirements. Monitors system perfor- Computer Specialists, All Other; Computer Support Spe-
cialists; Computer Systems Analysts; Database Adminis-
mance. Identifies areas of operation that need upgraded
trators; Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other;
equipment, such as modems, fiber-optic cables, and tele-
Mathematical Technicians; Mathematicians; Network and
phone wires. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
Computer Systems Administrators; Operations Research
Analysts; Statistical Assistants; Statisticians. PERSONAL-
documents. Troubleshooting: Determining causes of op-
ITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations
___________________________________________________________ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers
frequently involve working with ideas and require an ex- processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
tensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve hardware and software, including applications and pro-
searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally. gramming. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Com- Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
puter and Information Sciences, General; Computer and
Information Systems Security; Computer Systems Analy-
sis/Analyst; Computer Systems Networking and Telecom-
ment of training effects. Public Safety and Security:
munications; Information Technology. RELATED
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures,
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTelecommunications:
and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, con- security operations for the protection of people, data, prop-
trol, and operation of telecommunications systems. Com-
erty, and institutions.
puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,

training
Nonfarm Animal Caretakers Growth: 21.6%
Part-Time: 38.1%
Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, or otherwise care breeding habits, or facility activities. Saddles and shoes
for pets and other nonfarm animals, such as dogs, cats, animals. Orders, unloads, and stores feed and supplies.
N
ornamental fish or birds, zoo animals, and mice. Work Records information about animals, such as weight, size,
in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, zoos, cir- physical condition, diet, medications, and food intake.
cuses, and aquariums. May keep records of feedings, treat- Transfers animals between enclosures for breeding,
ments, and animals received or discharged. May clean, birthing, shipping, or rearranging exhibits. SKILLSSer-
disinfect, and repair cages, pens, or fish tanks. Feeds and vice Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help people.
waters animals according to schedules and feeding instruc- Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Ac-
tions. Mixes food, liquid formulas, medications, or food tive Listening: Giving full attention to what other people
supplements according to instructions, prescriptions, and are saying, taking time to understand the points being
knowledge of animal species. Adjusts controls to regulate made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt-
specified temperature and humidity of animal quarters, ing at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking to others to
nursery, or exhibit area. Cleans and disinfects animal quar- convey information effectively. Equipment Maintenance:
ters, such as pens, stables, cages, and yards, and surgical or Performing routine maintenance on equipment and de-
other equipment, such as saddles and bridles. Washes, termining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
brushes, clips, trims, and grooms animals. Examines and Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and
observes animals for signs of illness, disease, or injury and equipment needed to do a job.
provides treatment or informs veterinarian. Exercises ani-
mals to maintain their fitness and health or trains animals
Animals. Work Group: 03.02. Animal Care and Training.
to perform certain tasks. Anesthetizes and inoculates ani-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Animal Breeders;
mals according to instructions. Repairs fences, cages, or
pens. Installs equipment in animal care facility, such as Animal Trainers; Veterinarians; Veterinary Assistants and
Laboratory Animal Caretakers; Veterinary Technologists
infrared lights, feeding devices, or cribs. Observes and cau-
and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
tions children petting and feeding animals in designated
alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
area. Responds to questions from patrons and provides
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
information about animals, such as behavior, habitat,
often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa- human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and in-
paperwork or working closely with others. teractions, and preventive health-care measures. Building
and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul- tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, build-
tural/Farm Supplies Retailing and Wholesaling; Dog/Pet/
ings, or other structures, such as highways and roads. Prin-
Animal Grooming. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
dencies, and interactions with each other and the environ-
ment. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Nuclear Equipment Operation

Growth: 20.7%
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Operate equipment used for the release, control, and tainer with prescribed quantity of material for shipment,
utilization of nuclear energy to assist scientists in labo- or removes spent fuel elements. Transfers experimental
ratory and production activities. Sets control panel materials to and from specified containers and to tube,
switches and activates equipment, such as nuclear reactor, chamber or tunnel, using slave manipulators or extension
particle accelerator, or gamma radiation equipment, ac- tools. Positions fuel elements in reactor or environmental
cording to specifications. Adjusts controls of equipment chamber according to specified configuration, using slave
to control particle beam, chain reaction, or radiation ac- manipulators or extension tools. Reviews experiment
cording to specifications. Installs instrumentation leads in schedule to determine specifications such as subatomic
reactor core to measure operating temperature and pres- particle parameters, radiation time, dosage, and gamma
sure according to mockups, blueprints, and diagrams. intensity. Monitors instruments, gauges, and recording
Controls laboratory compounding equipment enclosed in devices in control room during operation of equipment
protective hot cell to prepare radioisotopes and other ra- under direction of nuclear experimenter. Calculates equip-
dioactive materials. Sets up and operates machines to saw ment operating factors, such as radiation time, dosage,
fuel elements to size or to cut and polish test pieces, fol- temperature, and pressure, using standard formulas and
lowing blueprints and other specifications. Tests physical, conversion tables. SKILLSMathematics: Using math-
chemical, or metallurgical properties of experimental ma- ematics to solve problems. Science: Using scientific rules
terials according to standardized procedures, using test and methods to solve problems. Installation: Installing
equipment and measuring instruments. Modifies, devises, equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet speci-
and maintains equipment used in operations. Disas- fications. Operation and Control: Controlling operations
sembles, cleans, and decontaminates hot cells and reactor of equipment or systems. Reading Comprehension: Un-
parts during maintenance shutdown, using slave manipu- derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-re-
lators, crane, and hand tools. Writes summary of activities lated documents.
or records experiment data in log for further analysis by
engineers, scientists, or customers or for future reference.
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.05. Laboratory
Communicates with maintenance personnel to ensure
Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bio-
readiness of support systems and to warn of radiation haz-
logical Technicians; Chemical Technicians; Environmen-
ards. Withdraws radioactive sample for analysis, fills con-
tal Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health;
________________________________________________________ Nuclear Medicine Technologists
Geological and Petroleum Technicians; Geological Data nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro-
Technicians; Geological Sample Test Technicians; Nuclear cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
Technicians; Photographers, Scientific. PERSONALITY various goods and services. Physics: Knowledge and pre-
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve diction of physical principles and laws and their interrela-
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems tionships and applications to understanding fluid, material,
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes. Public
of the occupations require working outside and do not Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment,
involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective
local, state, or national security operations for the protec-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial tion of people, data, property, and institutions. Mathemat-
Radiologic Technology/Technician; Nuclear and Indus-
trial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other; Nuclear
and statistics and their applications. Chemistry: Knowl-
Engineering Technology/Technician; Nuclear/Nuclear
edge of the chemical composition, structure, and proper-
Power Technology/Technician; Radiation Protection/
ties of substances and of the chemical processes and
Health Physics Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESEngineering and Technology: Knowledge chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
techniques, and disposal methods.

Nuclear Medicine

Growth: 22.4%
Technologists Annual Job Openings: 1,000
N
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 17.5%
Prepare, administer, and measure radioactive isotopes in and following physicians prescription and X rays.
therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studies, utilizing a SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
variety of radioisotope equipment. Prepare stock solu- ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
tions of radioactive materials and calculate doses to be Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. In-
administered by radiologists. Subject patients to radia- structing: Teaching others how to do something. Science:
tion. Execute blood volume, red cell survival, and fat Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
absorption studies following standard laboratory tech- Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec-
niques. Administers radiopharmaceuticals or radiation to tively. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
patient to detect or treat diseases under direction of phy- people are saying, taking time to understand the points
sician, using radioisotope equipment. Measures glandular being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in-
activity, blood volume, red cell survival, and radioactivity terrupting at inappropriate times.
of patient, using scanners, Geiger counters, scintillometers,
and other laboratory equipment. Maintains and calibrates
radioisotope and laboratory equipment. Disposes of ra-
dioactive materials and stores radiopharmaceuticals, fol-
lowing radiation safety procedures. Develops treatment lar Technologists and Technicians; Diagnostic Medical
procedures for nuclear medicine treatment programs. Po-
Other; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians;
sitions radiation fields, radiation beams, and patient to
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists; Medical
develop most effective treatment of patients disease, us-
Equipment Preparers; Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radio-
ing computer. Calculates, measures, prepares, and records
logic Technicians; Radiologic Technologists; Radiologic
radiation dosage or radiopharmaceuticals, using computer
Technologists and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPE
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Investigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac-
working with ideas and require an extensive amount of tions with each other and the environment. Computers
thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors,
and figuring out problems mentally. chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
software, including applications and programming. Math-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Nuclear
Medical Technology/Technologist; Radiation Protection/
culus, and statistics and their applications. Chemistry:
Health Physics Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
techniques, and disposal methods.
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Biol-

Nuclear Monitoring

Growth: 20.7%
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Collect and test samples to monitor results of nuclear cedures according to size and nature of equipment and
experiments and contamination of humans, facilities, and degree of contamination. Confers with scientist directing
environment. Measures intensity and identifies type of project to determine significant events to watch for dur-
radiation in work areas, equipment, and materials, using ing test. Informs supervisors of need to take action when
radiation detectors and other instruments. Calculates safe individual exposures or area radiation levels approach
radiation exposure time for personnel, using plant con- maximum permissible limits. Monitors personnel for
tamination readings and prescribed safe levels of radia- length and intensity of exposure to radiation for health
tion. Scans photographic emulsions exposed to direct and safety purposes. Observes projected photographs to
radiation to compute track properties from standard for- locate particle tracks and events and compiles lists of events
mulas, using microscope with scales and protractors. Cali- from particle detectors. Assists in setting up equipment
brates and maintains chemical instrumentation sensing that automatically detects area radiation deviations and
elements and sampling system equipment, using calibra- tests detection equipment to ensure accuracy. Collects
tion instruments and hand tools. Prepares reports on con- samples of air, water, gases, and solids to determine radio-
tamination tests, material and equipment decontaminated, activity levels of contamination. SKILLSScience: Us-
and methods used in decontamination process. Instructs ing scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
personnel in radiation safety procedures and demonstrates Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Read-
use of protective clothing and equipment. Places radioac- ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
tive waste, such as sweepings and broken sample bottles, paragraphs in work-related documents. Speaking: Talk-
into containers for disposal. Decontaminates objects by ing to others to convey information effectively. Opera-
cleaning with soap or solvents or by abrading, using wire tion Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other
brush, buffing wheel, or sandblasting machine. Enters data indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
into computer to record characteristics of nuclear events Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
and locating coordinates of particles. Weighs and mixes the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
decontamination chemical solutions in tank and immerses clusions, or approaches to problems. Writing: Communi-
objects in solution for specified time, using hoist. Deter- cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
mines or recommends radioactive decontamination proof the audience.
_________________________________________________________________ Nuclear Technicians
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial

Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.04. Radiologic Technology/Technician; Nuclear and Indus-
Public Safety. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: trial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other; Nuclear
Agricultural Inspectors; Aviation Inspectors; Compliance Engineering Technology/Technician; Nuclear/Nuclear
Officers, Except Agriculture, Construction, Health and Power Technology/Technician; Radiation Protection/
Safety, and Transportation; Emergency Medical Techni- Health Physics Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
cians and Paramedics; Environmental Compliance Inspec- COURSESPhysics: Knowledge and prediction of physi-
tors; Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers; cal principles and laws and their interrelationships and
Financial Examiners; Fire Fighters; Fire Inspectors; Fire applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmo-
Inspectors and Investigators; Forest Fire Fighters; Forest spheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and
Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists; Government sub-atomic structures and processes. Mathematics: Knowl-
Property Inspectors and Investigators; Licensing Examin- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
ers and Inspectors; Marine Cargo Inspectors; Municipal tics and their applications. Public Safety and Security:
Fire Fighters; Occupational Health and Safety Specialists; Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures,
Occupational Health and Safety Technicians; Public Trans- and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national
portation Inspectors. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. security operations for the protection of people, data, prop-
Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that erty, and institutions. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemi-
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They cal composition, structure, and properties of substances
often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials and of the chemical processes and transformations that
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa- they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and
paperwork or working closely with others. disposal methods. Education and Training: Knowledge
of principles and methods for curriculum and training
design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
N
and the measurement of training effects.

Nuclear Technicians Growth: 20.7%
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Assist scientists in both laboratory and production ac- Technicians; Geological Sample Test Technicians; Nuclear
tivities by performing technical tasks involving nuclear Equipment Operation Technicians; Photographers, Sci-
physics, primarily in operation, maintenance, produc- entific. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
tion, and quality control support activities. SKILLS
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial
No data available.
Radiologic Technology/Technician; Nuclear and Indus-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, trial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, Other; Nuclear
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.05. Laboratory Engineering Technology/Technician; Nuclear/Nuclear
Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bio- Power Technology/Technician; Radiation Protection/
logical Technicians; Chemical Technicians; Environmen- Health Physics Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tal Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health; COURSESNo data available.
Geological and Petroleum Technicians; Geological Data
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Numerical Control Machine training
Tool Operators and Tenders, Growth: 19.7%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Set up and operate numerical control (magnetic- or tion and control panel displays to detect malfunctions and
punched-tape-controlled) machine tools that automati- compare readings to specifications. Cleans machine, tool-
cally mill, drill, broach, and ream metal and plastic parts. ing, and parts, using solvent or solution and rag. SKILLS
May adjust machine feed and speed, change cutting tools, Operation and Control: Controlling operations of
or adjust machine controls when automatic programming equipment or systems. Mathematics: Using mathematics
is faulty or if machine malfunctions. Selects, measures, to solve problems. Operation Monitoring: Watching
assembles, and sets machine tools, such as drill bits and gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is
milling or cutting tools, using precision gauges and instru- working properly. Equipment Maintenance: Performing
ments. Mounts, installs, aligns, and secures tools, attach- routine maintenance on equipment and determining when
ments, fixtures, and workpiece on machine, using hand tools and what kind of maintenance is needed. Equipment Se-
and precision measuring instruments. Determines specifi- lection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
cations or procedures for tooling setup, machine operation, needed to do a job.
workpiece dimensions, or numerical control sequences,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Pro-
using blueprints, instructions, and machine knowledge.
duction. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other Job
Calculates and sets machine controls to position tools, syn-
Titles in This Work Group: Bakers, Manufacturing; Bind-
chronize tape and tool, or regulate cutting depth, speed,
ery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Cementing
feed, or coolant flow. Lays out and marks areas of part to be
shot-peened and fills hopper with shot. Positions and se- and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; Chemical
Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemical Equip-
cures workpiece on machine bed, indexing table, fixture,
ment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equipment Ten-
or dispensing or holding device. Loads control media, such
ders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment
as tape, card, or disk, in machine controller or enters com-
Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and Spraying
mands to retrieve programmed instructions. Starts auto-
Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, Tapers, and
matic operation of numerical control machine to machine
parts or test setup, workpiece dimensions, or programming. Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Operators and Ten-
ders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Controlled Machine Tool
Confers with supervisor or programmer to resolve machine
Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cooling and Freezing Equip-
malfunctions and production errors and obtains approval
ment Operators and Tenders; Crushing, Grinding, and Pol-
to continue production. Maintains machines and removes
ishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Cutters and
and replaces broken or worn machine tools, using hand
Trimmers, Hand; Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators
tools. Examines electronic components for defects and com-
pleteness of laser-beam trimming, using microscope. Op- and Tenders; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Opera-
tors, and Tenders; Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-
erates lathe, drill press, jig-boring machine, or other
Up Operators; Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine
machines manually or semiautomatically. Measures dimen-
Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plat-
sions of finished workpiece to ensure conformance to speci-
ing and Coating Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators,
fications, using precision measuring instruments, templates,
Metal and Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Emboss-
and fixtures. Lifts workpiece to machine manually, with
hoist or crane, or with tweezers. Enters commands or manu- ing Machine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Opera-
tors; Extruding and Forming Machine Operators and
ally adjusts machine controls to correct malfunctions or
Tenders, Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming
tolerances. Stops machine to remove finished workpiece or
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and
change tooling, setup, or workpiece placement, according
Glass Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compact-
to required machining sequence. Monitors machine opera-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
_________________________________________________Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants
Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Machine

Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators; Shop Technology/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; Food repair, and maintenance. Production and Processing:
Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace, Kiln, Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality
Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass Cut- control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the ef-
ting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders and fective manufacture and distribution of goods. Engineer-
Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polishing ing and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application
Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Heat- of engineering science and technology. This includes ap-
ers, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY TYPE plying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment
Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work to the design and production of various goods and services.
activities that include practical, hands-on problems and so- Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
lutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world calculus, and statistics and their applications. Computers
materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the oc- and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors,
cupations require working outside and do not involve a lot chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
of paperwork or working closely with others. software, including applications and programming.

training
Nursing Aides, Orderlies, Annual Earnings: $19,290
Growth: 23.5%
and Attendants Annual Job Openings: 268,000
N
Self-Employed: 1.7%
Part-Time: 26.4%
Provide basic patient care under direction of nursing staff. times. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
Perform duties such as feeding, bathinge, dressing, sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
grooming, or moving patients or changing linens. Feeds Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec-
patients unable to feed themselves. Sets up equipment, tively. Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to
such as oxygen tents, portable X-ray machines, and over- help people.
head irrigation bottles. Prepares food trays. Bathes, grooms,
and dresses patients. Measures and records food and liq-
Health Services. Work Group: 14.07. Patient Care and
uid intake and output. Measures and records vital signs.
Assistance. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Home
Administers medication as directed by physician or nurse.
Health Aides; Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational
Cleans room and changes linen. Stores, prepares, and is-
sues dressing packs, treatment trays, and other supplies. Nurses; Psychiatric Aides; Psychiatric Technicians. PER-
SONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently
Administers catheterizations, bladder irrigations, enemas,
involve working with, communicating with, and teach-
and douches. Sterilizes equipment and supplies. Adminis-
ing people. These occupations often involve helping or
ters massages and alcohol rubs. Transports patient to areas
providing service to others.
such as operating and X-ray rooms. Turns and re-posi-
tions bedfast patients, alone or with assistance, to prevent EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health
bedsores. Assists patient in walking. SKILLSSocial Per- Aide; Nurse/Nursing Assistant/Aide and Patient Care As-
ceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and under- sistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCus-
standing why they react as they do. Active Listening: tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- processes for providing customer and personal services.
ing time to understand the points being made, asking ques- This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
satisfaction. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the tion techniques, and disposal methods. Therapy and
information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Chem- ing and guidance. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge
istry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies
and properties of substances and of the chemical processes to promote effective local, state, or national security op-
and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses erations for the protection of people, data, property, and
of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, produc- institutions.

Nursing Instructors and

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Demonstrate and teach patient care in classroom and Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
clinical units to nursing students. Includes both teach- Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
ers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area,
combination of both teaching and research. Instructs and Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
lectures nursing students in principles and application of Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
physical, biological, and psychological subjects related to Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers,
nursing. Conducts and supervises laboratory work. Issues Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio-
assignments to students. Participates in planning curricu- logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
lum, teaching schedule, and course outline with medical ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
and nursing personnel. Directs seminars and panels. Su- Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
pervises student nurses and demonstrates patient care in Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
clinical units of hospital. Cooperates with medical and Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
nursing personnel in evaluating and improving teaching Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
and nursing practices. Prepares and administers examina- Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
tions to nursing students. Evaluates student progress and cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
maintains records of student classroom and clinical expe- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
rience. Conducts classes for patients in health practices Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
and procedures. SKILLSLearning Strategies: Selecting Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
and using training/instructional methods and procedures ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
new things. Instructing: Teaching others how to do some- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
thing. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effec- cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
tively. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
problems. Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
_______________________________________________________ Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser- ing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEduca-

vators; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Reli- tion and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods
gion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruc-
Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers, training effects. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of
Except Special Education; Psychology Teachers, the information and techniques needed to diagnose and
Postsecondary; others. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This in-
Social occupations frequently involve working with, com- cludes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties
municating with, and teaching people. These occupations and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
often involve helping or providing service to others. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and
their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and in-
teractions with each other and the environment. English
Health Nurse/Nursing; Clinical Nurse Specialist; Family
Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioner; Maternal/Child Health
and Neonatal Nurse/Nursing; Nurse Anesthetist; Nurse
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology:
Midwife/Nursing Midwifery; NursingRegistered Nurse
Training (RN, ASN, BSN, MSN); Nursing Science (MS, vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
PhD); Nursing, Other; Pediatric Nurse/Nursing;
Perioperative/Operating Room and Surgical Nurse/Nurs-
ing; Pre-Nursing Studies; Psychiatric/Mental Health
disorders.
Nurse/Nursing; Public Health/Community Nurse/Nurs-

degree
Obstetricians Annual Earnings: More than $145,600
Growth: 17.9%
and Gynecologists Annual Job Openings: 27,000
Part-Time: 7.2%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of women, patient to medical specialist or other practitioner when
especially those affecting the reproductive system and necessary. Operates on patients to remove, repair, or im-
the process of childbirth. Monitors patients condition prove functioning of diseased or injured body parts and
and progress and re-evaluates treatments as necessary. Ex- systems and delivers babies. Analyzes records, reports, test
O
amines or conducts tests on patient to provide informa- results, or examination information to diagnose medical
tion on medical condition. Collects, records, and maintains condition of patient. Explains procedures and discusses
patient information, such as medical history, reports, and test results on prescribed treatments with patents. Prescribes
examination results. Advises patients and community con- or administers treatment, therapy, medication, vaccina-
cerning diet, activity, hygiene, and disease prevention. tion, and other specialized medical care to treat or prevent
Directs and coordinates activities of nurses, students, as- illness, disease, or injury. SKILLSReading Comprehen-
sistants, specialists, therapists, and other medical staff. sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in
Conducts research to study anatomy and develop or test work-related documents. Science: Using scientific rules
medications, treatments, or procedures to prevent or con- and methods to solve problems. Active Learning: Under-
trol disease or injury. Prepares reports for government or standing the implications of new information for both
management of birth, death, and disease statistics, current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
workforce evaluations, or medical status of individuals. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela-
Plans, implements, or administers health programs or stan- tive costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the
dards in hospital, business, or community for informa- most appropriate one. Active Listening: Giving full at-
tion, prevention, or treatment of injury or illness. Refers tention to what other people are saying, taking time to
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
understand the points being made, asking questions as EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Neonatal-

appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Perinatal Medicine; Obstetrics and Gynecology. RELATED
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and Dentistry:
the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con- Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to
clusions, or approaches to problems. Writing: Communi- diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi-
cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug
of the audience. properties and interactions, and preventive health-care
measures. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organ-
isms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies,
and interactions with each other and the environment.
gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi- English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists,
General; Medical Assistants; Pediatricians, General; Phar-
macists; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy Technicians; Physi-
Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth-
cian Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All Other;
ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabili-
Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
tation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for career
nologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves- counseling and guidance. Administration and Manage-
ment: Knowledge of business and management principles
involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
problems mentally.
methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Occupational Therapist

Growth: 39.7%
Assistants Annual Job Openings: 3,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 24.9%
Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational manual and creative arts and games. Instructs or assists in
therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance instructing patient and family in home programs and ba-
with state laws, assist in development of treatment plans, sic living skills as well as care and use of adaptive equip-
carry out routine functions, direct activity programs, and ment. Assists in evaluation of physically disabled,
document the progress of treatments. Generally requires developmentally disabled, mentally retarded, or emotion-
formal training. Assists occupational therapist to plan, ally disabled clients daily living skills and capacities.
implement, and administer educational, vocational, and SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware of others
recreational activities to restore, reinforce, and enhance reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
task performances. Reports information and observations Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
to supervisor verbally. Transports patient to and from oc- tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Active
cupational therapy work area. Maintains observed infor- Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are
mation in client records and prepares written reports. saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
Prepares work material, assembles and maintains equip- asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
ment, and orders supplies. Fabricates splints and other inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking to others to con-
assistant devices. Assists educational specialist or clinical vey information effectively. Service Orientation: Actively
psychologist in administering situational or diagnostic tests looking for ways to help people.
to measure clients abilities or progress. Designs and adapts
equipment and working-living environment. Helps pro- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy.
fessional staff demonstrate therapy techniques, such as
______________________________________________________________ Occupational Therapists
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction
Massage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Oc- for individuals and groups, and the measurement of train-
cupational Therapists; Physical Therapist Aides; Physical ing effects. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
Therapist Assistants; Physical Therapists; Radiation Thera- information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
pists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory Therapists; human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
Respiratory Therapy Technicians; Speech-Language Pa- symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
thologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONALITY interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Psychol-
TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve ogy: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
working with, communicating with, and teaching people. individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser- learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
vice to others. and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affec-
tive disorders. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Occupa-
tional Therapist Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
grammar. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc- sonal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
tions and for career counseling and guidance. Education
customer satisfaction.

Occupational Therapists

Growth: 33.9%
Self-Employed: 5.6%
Part-Time: 20.8%
Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Ac-
programs that help restore vocational, homemaking, and tive Listening: Giving full attention to what other people
daily living skills, as well as general independence, to are saying, taking time to understand the points being
disabled persons. Plans, organizes, and conducts occupa- made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt-
tional therapy program in hospital, institutional, or coming at inappropriate times. Social Perceptiveness: Being
O
munity setting. Plans programs and social activities to help aware of others reactions and understanding why they
patients learn work skills and adjust to handicaps. Teaches react as they do. Speaking: Talking to others to convey
individuals skills and techniques required for participa- information effectively. Reading Comprehension: Under-
tion in activities and evaluates individuals progress. Con- standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
sults with rehabilitation team to select activity programs documents.
and coordinate occupational therapy with other therapeu-
tic activities. Requisitions supplies and equipment. Com-
pletes and maintains necessary records. Trains nurses and
other medical staff in therapy techniques and objectives. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists;
Massage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Oc-
Designs and constructs special equipment, such as splints
cupational Therapist Assistants; Physical Therapist Aides;
and braces. Lays out materials for individuals use and
Physical Therapist Assistants; Physical Therapists; Radia-
cleans and repairs tools after therapy sessions. Recommends
tion Therapists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory
changes in individuals work or living environment con-
Therapists; Respiratory Therapy Technicians; Speech-Lan-
sistent with needs and capabilities. Selects activities that
will help individual learn work skills within limits of guage Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONAL-
individuals mental and physical capabilities. SKILLS
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
working with, communicating with, and teaching people. edge of human behavior and performance; individual dif-
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser- ferences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and
vice to others. motivation; psychological research methods; and the as-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Occupa- ders. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
tional Therapy/Therapist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
nology. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
tions and for career counseling and guidance. Education
and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for sonal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
customer satisfaction. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge
ing effects. Administration and Management: Knowledge
of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and
of business and management principles involved in strate-
gic planning, resource allocation, human resources model-
cludes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties
ing, leadership technique, production methods, and and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
coordination of people and resources. Psychology: Knowl-

training
Office Clerks, General Growth: 15.9%
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Part-Time: 30.7%
Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in ages, and other materials. Completes and mails bills, con-
any specific office clerical occupation that require lim- tracts, policies, invoices, or checks. Operates office ma-
ited knowledge of office management systems and pro- chines, such as photocopier, telecopier, and personal
cedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance computer. Computes, records, and proofreads data and
with the office procedures of individual establishments other information, such as records or reports. SKILLS
and may include a combination of answering telephones, Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
bookkeeping, typing or word processing, stenography, tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Active
office machine operation, and filing. Compiles, copies, Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are
sorts, and files records of office activities, business trans- saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
actions, and other activities. Communicates with custom- asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
ers, employees, and other individuals to disseminate or inappropriate times. Mathematics: Using mathematics to
explain information. Collects, counts, and disburses solve problems. Writing: Communicating effectively in
money, completes banking transactions, and processes writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Speak-
payroll. Completes work schedules and arranges appoint- ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
ments for staff and students. Reviews files, records, and
other documents to obtain information to respond to re- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
Detail. Work Group: 09.07. Records Processing. Other
quests. Answers telephone, responds to requests, delivers
Job Titles in This Work Group: Correspondence Clerks;
messages, and runs errands. Orders materials, supplies, and
Court Reporters; Credit Authorizers; Credit Authorizers,
services and completes records and reports. Transcribes
Checkers, and Clerks; Credit Checkers; File Clerks; Hu-
dictation and composes and types letters and other corre-
man Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeep-
spondence, using typewriter or computer. Stuffs envelopes
and addresses, stamps, sorts, and distributes mail, packing; Information and Record Clerks, All Other; Insurance
______________________________________________ Office Machine and Cash Register Servicers
Claims and Policy Processing Clerks; Insurance Claims office procedures and terminology. Customer and Per-
Clerks; Insurance Policy Processing Clerks; Medical sonal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for
Records and Health Information Technicians; Medical providing customer and personal services. This includes
Transcriptionists; Procurement Clerks; Proofreaders and customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Copy Markers. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English
Conventional occupations frequently involve following set Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
procedures and routines. These occupations can include English language, including the meaning and spelling of
working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Mathemat-
ally there is a clear line of authority to follow. ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
and statistics and their applications. Computers and Elec-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)General tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
ware, including applications and programming. Econom-
ics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and

training
Office Machine and Annual Earnings: $32,890
Growth: 14.2%
Cash Register Servicers Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Self-Employed: 6.8%
Part-Time: 1.8%
Repair and service office machines, such as adding, ac- and determining when and what kind of maintenance is
counting, calculating, duplicating, and typewriting ma- needed. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using
chines. Includes the repair of manual, electrical, and the needed tools. Installation: Installing equipment, ma-
electronic office machines. Tests machine to locate cause chines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
of electrical problems, using testing devices such as volt- Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating errors
meter, ohmmeter, and circuit test equipment. Disassembles and deciding what to do about them. Learning Strate-
machine and examines parts such as wires, gears, and bear- gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods
ings for wear and defects, using hand tools, power tools, and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn-
O
and measuring devices. Operates machine such as type- ing or teaching new things.
writer, cash register, or adding machine to test function-
ing of parts and mechanisms. Assembles and installs GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics,
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.02. Electrical
machine according to specifications, using hand tools,
and Electronic Systems. Other Job Titles in This Work
power tools, and measuring devices. Cleans and oils me-
chanical parts to maintain machine. Reads specifications,
such as blueprints, charts, and schematics, to determine
Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers; Com-
machine settings and adjustments. Repairs, adjusts, or re-
places electrical and mechanical components and parts, puter, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers;
Data Processing Equipment Repairers; Electric Home
using hand tools, power tools, and soldering or welding
Appliance and Power Tool Repairers; Electric Meter In-
equipment. Instructs operators and servicers in operation,
stallers and Repairers; Electric Motor and Switch Assem-
maintenance, and repair of machine. SKILLSInstruct-
blers and Repairers; Electric Motor, Power Tool, and
ing: Teaching others how to do something. Reading Com-
Related Repairers; Electrical and Electronics Installers and
paragraphs in work-related documents. Equipment Main- Repairers, Transportation Equipment; Electrical and Elec-
tronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substa- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business

tion, and Relay; Electrical Parts Reconditioners; Electrical Machine Repair; Computer Installation and Repair Tech-
Power-Line Installers and Repairers; Electronic Equipment nology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles; Electronic Home COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers; Eleva- edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
tor Installers and Repairers; Frame Wirers, Central Of- repair, and maintenance. Computers and Electronics:
fice; Home Appliance Installers; Home Appliance Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
Repairers; Radio Mechanics; Signal and Track Switch Re- equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
pairers; Station Installers and Repairers, Telephone; Tele- ing applications and programming. Engineering and
communications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of en-
Except Line Installers; Telecommunications Facility Ex- gineering science and technology. This includes applying
aminers; Telecommunications Line Installers and Repair- principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
ers; Transformer Repairers. PERSONALITY TYPE design and production of various goods and services. Edu-
Realistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work cation and Training: Knowledge of principles and
activities that include practical, hands-on problems and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real- instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of ment of training effects. Design: Knowledge of design
the occupations require working outside and do not in- techniques, tools, and principles involved in production
volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
models.

on-the-job training
Operating Engineers Growth: 6.9%
Self-Employed: 6.8%
Part-Time: 2.0%
Operate several types of power construction equipment, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
such as compressors, pumps, hoists, derricks, cranes, tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
shovels, tractors, scrapers, or motor graders, to excavate, struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
move and grade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
or other hard-surface pavement. May repair and main- ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
tain equipment in addition to other duties. Adjusts Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
handwheels and depresses pedals to drive machines and Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
control attachments, such as blades, buckets, scrapers, and Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
swing booms. Turns valves to control air and water out- Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
put of compressors and pumps. Repairs and maintains Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
equipment. SKILLSOperation and Control: Control- ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
ling operations of equipment or systems. Equipment and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on equip- Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
ment and determining when and what kind of mainte- lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
nance is needed. Repairing: Repairing machines or ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
systems, using the needed tools. Troubleshooting: Deter- Home Installers; Operating Engineers and Other Con-
mining causes of operating errors and deciding what to struction Equipment Operators; Painters, Construction
do about them. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and
dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is work- Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Operators;
ing properly. Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and
____________________________ Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of

Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip- Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
ment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Rig- Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
gers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm methods, and tools involved in the construction or repair
Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Work- of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as highways
ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv- and roads. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of
ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; the practical application of engineering science and tech-
Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro-
Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc- cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
cupations frequently involve work activities that include various goods and services. Physics: Knowledge and pre-
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often diction of physical principles and laws and their interrela-
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like tionships and applications to understanding fluid, material,
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes. Sales and
work or working closely with others. Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
struction/Heavy Equipment/Earthmoving Equipment
stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Operation; Mobile Crane Operation/Operator. RE-
Operating Engineers Education/Training Required: Moderate-term

on-the-job training
and Other Construction Annual Earnings: $34,160
Growth: 6.9%
Equipment Operators Annual Job Openings: 25,000
Self-Employed: 1.5%
Part-Time: 5.2%
Operate one or several types of power construction equip- lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
ment, such as motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, com- ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
pressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, or front-end Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Painters, Construc-
loaders, to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect struction and Maintenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing,
tures, or pour concrete or other hard-surface pavement. and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Opera-
O
May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other tors; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers
duties. SKILLSNo data available. and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Con-
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders struction/Heavy Equipment/Earthmoving Equipment
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operation; Mobile Crane Operation/Operator. RE-
Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu- LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

degree
Optometrists Growth: 18.7%
Part-Time: 10.5%
Diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently
the human eye and visual system. Examine eyes and vi- involve working with ideas and require an extensive
sual system, diagnose problems or impairments, prescribe amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search-
corrective lenses, and provide treatment. May prescribe ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
therapeutic drugs to treat specific eye conditions. Pre-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Optom-
scribes eyeglasses, contact lenses, and other vision aids or
etry (OD). RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
therapeutic procedures to correct or conserve vision. Con-
Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information
sults with and refers patients to ophthalmologist or other
and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human inju-
health care practitioner if additional medical treatment is
ries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms,
determined necessary. Examines eyes to determine visual
acuity and perception and to diagnose diseases and other treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions,
and preventive health-care measures. Biology: Knowledge
abnormalities, such as glaucoma and color blindness. Pre-
scribes medications to treat eye diseases if state laws per-
mit. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding
and the environment. English Language: Knowledge of
ments. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
other people are saying, taking time to understand the ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
tion, and grammar. Customer and Personal Service:
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Mathematics:
Using mathematics to solve problems. Science: Using sci-
entific rules and methods to solve problems. Instructing:
evaluation of customer satisfaction. Mathematics: Knowl-
Teaching others how to do something. Writing: Commu-
nicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
tics and their applications. Chemistry: Knowledge of the
of the audience.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and stances and of the chemical processes and transformations
Health Services. Work Group: 14.04. Health Specialties. that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chiropractors; their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
Opticians, Dispensing; Podiatrists. PERSONALITY and disposal methods.

on-the-job training
Order Fillers, Wholesale Annual Earnings: $19,060
Growth: 8.5%
and Retail Sales Annual Job Openings: 467,000
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 13.7%
Fill customers mail and telephone orders from stored items; completing order receipts; keeping records of out-
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales going orders; and requisitioning additional materials,
slips or order forms. Duties include computing prices of supplies, and equipment. Computes price of each group
______________________________________ Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders
of items. Obtains merchandise from bins or shelves. Places following set procedures and routines. These occupations
merchandise on conveyor leading to wrapping area. Reads can include working with data and details more than with
order to ascertain catalog number, size, color, and quan- ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
tity of merchandise. SKILLSMathematics: Using math-
ematics to solve problems. Operation and Control: EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Retailing
Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Coordi-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business cessing, managing files and records, stenography and
Detail. Work Group: 09.08. Records and Materials Pro- transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
cessing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cargo and terminology. English Language: Knowledge of the
and Freight Agents; Couriers and Messengers; Mail Clerks, structure and content of the English language, including
Except Mail Machine Operators and Postal Service; Mark- the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
ing Clerks; Postal Service Mail Carriers; Postal Service Mail and grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators; gebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks; Stock Clerks and tions. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Order Fillers; Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
Storage Yard; Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Sam- other techniques for maximizing the effective manufac-
plers, Recordkeeping. PERSONALITY TYPEConven- ture and distribution of goods.
tional. Conventional occupations frequently involve

Packaging and Filling training
Machine Operators Growth: 14.4%
and Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 7.1%
Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or con- ucts to standards. Stops or resets machine when malfunc-
sumer products for storage or shipment. Includes can- tion occurs and clears machine jams. Regulates machine
nery workers who pack food products. Tends or operates flow, speed, or temperature. Operates mechanism to cut
machine that packages product. Starts machine by engag- filler product or packaging material. SKILLSEquipment
ing controls. Adjusts machine tension and pressure and Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on equip-
machine components according to size or processing angle ment and determining when and what kind of mainte-
of product. Removes finished packaged items from ma- nance is needed. Operation and Control: Controlling
chine and separates rejected items. Stocks product for pack- operations of equipment or systems. Operation Monitor-
aging or filling machine operation. Tests and evaluates ing: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make
product and verifies product weight or measurement to sure a machine is working properly. Repairing: Repairing
ensure quality standards. Attaches identification labels to machines or systems, using the needed tools. Quality
finished packaged items. Stacks finished packaged items Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of
or packs items in cartons or containers. Counts and records products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or per-
finished and rejected packaged items. Cleans, oils, and formance.
P
makes minor repairs to machinery and equipment. Se-
cures finished packaged items by hand tying, sewing, or
attaching fastener. Stocks packaging material for machine
processing. Inspects and removes defective product and
packaging material. Observes machine operations to en-
sure quality and conformity of filled or packaged prod-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; of the occupations require working outside and do not
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
physical principles and laws and their interrelationships and
Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting spheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and
sub-atomic structures and processes. Public Safety and
Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
Security: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, pro-
cedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or
national security operations for the protection of people,
data, property, and institutions. Engineering and Tech-
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi-
design and production of various goods and services.

training
Packers and Packagers, Hand Growth: 19.3%
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 16.1%
Pack or package by hand a wide variety of products and into package processing equipment. Cleans containers,
materials. Fastens and wraps products and materials, us- materials, or work area, using cleaning solutions and hand
ing hand tools. Seals containers or materials, using glues, tools. Tends packing machines and equipment that pre-
fasteners, and hand tools. Assembles and lines cartons, pare and package materials and products. Removes and
crates, and containers, using hand tools. Places or pours places completed or defective product or materials on
products or materials into containers, using hand tools moving equipment or in specified area. Measures, weighs,
and equipment. Marks and labels containers or products, and counts products and materials, using equipment.
using marking instruments. Loads materials and products Records product and packaging information on specified
__________________________________________________ Painters, Construction and Maintenance
forms and records. Examines and inspects containers, practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
materials, and products to ensure packaging process meets deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
specifications. Obtains and sorts products, materials, and wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
orders, using hand tools. SKILLSOperation and Con- quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. work or working closely with others.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Production. Work Group: 08.07. Hands-on Work: Load- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPro-
ing, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying. Other Job Titles duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
in This Work Group: Conveyor Operators and Tenders; duction processes, quality control, costs, and other
Crane and Tower Operators; Dragline Operators; Exca- techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
vating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators; distribution of goods. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Hoist and ministrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as
Winch Operators; Industrial Truck and Tractor Opera- word processing, managing files and records, stenography
tors; Irradiated-Fuel Handlers; Laborers and Freight, Stock, and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
and Material Movers, Hand; Machine Feeders and cedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowledge of
Offbearers; Material Moving Workers, All Other; Pump arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers; Refuse and Recy- their applications. English Language: Knowledge of the
clable Material Collectors; Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Load- structure and content of the English language, including
ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
occupations frequently involve work activities that include and grammar.

on-the-job training
Painters, Construction and Annual Earnings: $28,420
Growth: 19.1%
Maintenance Annual Job Openings: 67,000
Part-Time: 9.2%
Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other Removes fixtures, such as pictures and electric switchcovers,
structural surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and spray guns. from walls prior to painting. Sprays or brushes hot plas-
May remove old paint to prepare surface prior to paint- tics or pitch onto surfaces. Smoothes surfaces, using sand-
ing. May mix colors or oils to obtain desired color or paper, scrapers, brushes, steel wool, or sanding machine.
consistency. Paints surfaces, using brushes, spray gun, or SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
rollers. Applies paint to simulate wood grain, marble, brick, lems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
or stonework. Cuts stencils; brushes and sprays lettering sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
and decorations on surfaces. Sands surfaces between coats
and polishes final coat to specified finish. Bakes finish on
painted and enameled articles in baking oven. Washes and
treats surfaces with oil, turpentine, mildew remover, or
other preparations. Mixes and matches colors of paint,
stain, or varnish. Fills cracks, holes, and joints with caulk ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
P
putty, plaster, or other filler, using caulking gun or putty
knife. Reads work order or receives instructions from su-
pervisor or homeowner. Erects scaffolding or sets up lad-
ders to work above ground level. Covers surfaces with
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
dropcloths or masking tape and paper to protect surface
during painting. Burns off old paint, using blowtorch. ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper of the occupations require working outside and do not
Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Painting/
ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi- Painter and Wall Coverer. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators; Pa-
perhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment
Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers;
such as highways and roads. Customer and Personal Ser-
Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumb-
vice: Knowledge of principles and processes for providing
ers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track
Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refrac- customer and personal services. This includes customer
needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services,
tory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforc-
and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Chemistry:
ing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough
Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers;
Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters
and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons;
Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
techniques, and disposal methods. Principles of Mechani-
cal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including
their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Fine Arts:
arts, drama, and sculpture.

on-the-job training
Painters, Transportation Annual Earnings: $32,330
Growth: 17.5%
Equipment Annual Job Openings: 8,000
Part-Time: 5.7%
Operate or tend painting machines to paint surfaces of to cure and dry paint or other coatings. Disassembles
transportation equipment, such as automobiles, buses, sprayer and power equipment, such as sandblaster, and
trucks, trains, boats, and airplanes. Pours paint into spray cleans equipment and hand tools, using solvents, wire
gun and sprays specified amount of primer, decorative, or brushes, and cloths. Selects paint according to company
finish coatings onto prepared surfaces. Paints designs, let- requirements and matches colors of paint following speci-
tering, or other identifying information on vehicles, us- fied color charts. Mixes, stirs, and thins paint or other
ing paint brush or paint sprayer. Operates lifting and coatings, using spatula or power mixing equipment. Paints
moving devices to move equipment or materials to access areas inaccessible to spray gun or retouches painted sur-
areas to be painted. Removes accessories from vehicles, face, using brush. SKILLSOperation and Control:
such as chrome or mirrors, and masks other surfaces with Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
tape or paper. Sets up portable ventilators, exhaust units,
ladders, and scaffolding. Strips grease, dirt, paint, and rust
from vehicle surface, using abrasives, solvents, brushes,
blowtorch, or sandblaster. Lays out logos, symbols, or de-
signs on painted surfaces according to blueprint specifica-
tions, using measuring instruments, stencils, and patterns.
Regulates controls on portable ventilators and exhaust units Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body
______________________________________________________________________ Paperhangers
and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and pairers and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed In-
Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics; Automotive strument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Chang-
Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automotive Specialty ers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repairers.
Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders; PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists; frequently involve work activities that include practical,
Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers; Coin, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repair- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
ers; Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment Mechanics; Gas Ap- outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
pliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool Repair- closely with others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Auto
body/Collision and Repair Technology/Technician. RE-
LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrinciples of Me-
chanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machinery; Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
calculus, and statistics and their applications. Design:
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
prints, drawings, and models. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the
theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and
ics; Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic
Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers; perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and
sculpture. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical compo-
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me-
sition, structure, and properties of substances and of the
chanics; Percussion Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Pre-
cision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other;
This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, dan-
ger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
hicle Service Technicians; Reed or Wind Instrument Re-

on-the-job training
Paperhangers Growth: 20.2%
Part-Time: 9.2%
Cover interior walls and ceilings of rooms with decora- surface to match adjacent edges. Mixes paste, using paste
tive wallpaper or fabric or attach advertising posters on powder and water, and brushes paste onto surface. Marks
surfaces, such as walls and billboards. Duties include vertical guideline on wall to align first strip, using plumb
removing old materials from surface to be papered. Ap- bob and chalkline. Applies acetic acid to damp plaster to
plies thinned glue to waterproof porous surfaces, using prevent lime from bleeding through paper. Staples or tacks
brush, roller, or pasting machine. Measures and cuts strips advertising posters onto fences, walls, or poles. Measures
P
from roll of wallpaper or fabric, using shears or razor. Trims walls and ceiling to compute number and length of strips
rough edges from strips, using straightedge and trimming required to cover surface. Fills holes and cracks with plas-
knife. Trims excess material at ceiling or baseboard, using ter, using trowel. Removes paint, varnish, and grease from
knife. Smoothes strips or poster sections with brush or surfaces, using paint remover and water soda solution.
roller to remove wrinkles and bubbles and to smooth joints. Erects and works from scaffold. Removes old paper, using
Aligns and places strips or poster sections of billboard on water, steam machine, or chemical remover and scraper.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Smoothes rough spots on walls and ceilings, using sand- Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Work-
paper. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to ers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire
solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Understand- Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal
ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu- Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and
ments. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu- Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Painting/
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Painter and Wall Coverer. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper such as highways and roads. Design: Knowledge of de-
Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu- sign techniques, tools, and principles involved in produc-
lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work- tion of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile models. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi- geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators; Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc-
Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paving, Surfac- ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro-
ing, and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes
Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plas- uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, pro-
terers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, duction techniques, and disposal methods. Principles of
and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
Equipment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Paralegals and

Growth: 33.2%
Legal Assistants Annual Job Openings: 23,000
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 12.5%
Assist lawyers by researching legal precedent, investigat- Arbitrates disputes between parties and assists in real es-
ing facts, or preparing legal documents. Conduct research tate closing process. Answers questions regarding legal is-
to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or sues pertaining to civil service hearings. Presents arguments
to initiate legal action. Gathers and analyzes research data, and evidence to support appeal at appeal hearing. Keeps
such as statutes; decisions; and legal articles, codes, and and monitors legal volumes to ensure that law library is
documents. Prepares legal documents, including briefs, up-to-date. Directs and coordinates law office activity,
pleadings, appeals, wills, contracts, and real estate closing including delivery of subpoenas. Calls upon witnesses to
statements. Prepares affidavits or other documents, main- testify at hearing. Appraises and inventories real and per-
tains document file, and files pleadings with court clerk. sonal property for estate planning. Investigates facts and
_______________________________________________________________ Parking Lot Attendants
law of cases to determine causes of action and to prepare prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
cases. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understand- carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu- ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
ments. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to require risk taking and often deal with business.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Legal
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Speaking:
Assistant/Paralegal. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Talking to others to convey information effectively. Writ-
COURSESLaw and Government: Knowledge of laws,
legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regu-
for the needs of the audience. Negotiation: Bringing oth-
lations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic
ers together and trying to reconcile differences. Persua-
sion: Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. political process. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis-
and terminology. English Language: Knowledge of the
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition,
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.02. Law. and grammar. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Administrative circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers; Arbitra- computer hardware and software, including applications
tors, Mediators, and Conciliators; Judges, Magistrate and programming. Administration and Management:
Judges, and Magistrates; Law Clerks; Lawyers; Legal Sup- Knowledge of business and management principles in-
port Workers, All Other; Title Examiners and Abstrac- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
tors; Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers; Title resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Searchers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter- methods, and coordination of people and resources.

training
Parking Lot Attendants Growth: 19.8%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 15.4%
Park automobiles or issue tickets for customers in a park- vehicles to detect damage. Keeps new car lot in order and
ing lot or garage. May collect fee. Parks automobiles in maximizes use of space. SKILLSWriting: Communi-
parking lot, storage garage, or new car lot. Takes num- cating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs
bered tag from customer, locates car, and delivers it to of the audience.
customer or directs customer to parked car. Patrols area to
prevent thefts of parked automobiles or items in automo-
tion. Work Group: 07.07. Other Services Requiring Driv-
biles. Collects parking fee from customer, based on charges
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ambulance
for time automobile is parked. Places numbered tag on
windshield of automobile to be parked and hands cus- Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Tech-
nicians; Bus Drivers, School; Bus Drivers, Transit and In-
P
tomer similar tag to be used in locating parked automo-
tercity; Driver/Sales Workers; Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs.
bile. Signals or directs vehicle drivers with hands or
flashlight to parking area. Lifts, positions, and removes
barricades to open or close parking areas. Services cars in
storage to protect tires, battery, and finish against deterio-
ration. Services vehicles with gas, oil, and water. Inspects plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working tions. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
closely with others. effective local, state, or national security operations for
the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
tenance. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative
satisfaction. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al- terminology.

degree
Pediatricians, General Growth: 17.9%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent childrens diseases and sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in
injuries. Examines or conducts tests on patient to provide work-related documents. Active Learning: Understand-
information on medical condition. Conducts research to ing the implications of new information for both current
study anatomy and develop or test medications, treat- and future problem-solving and decision-making. Science:
ments, or procedures to prevent or control disease or in- Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Judg-
jury. Prepares reports for government or management of ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs
birth, death, and disease statistics, workforce evaluations, and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap-
or medical status of individuals. Directs and coordinates propriate one. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
activities of nurses, students, assistants, specialists, thera- problems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
pists, and other medical staff. Plans, implements, or ad- other people are saying, taking time to understand the
ministers health programs or standards in hospital, points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
business, or community for information, prevention, or not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Com-
treatment of injury or illness. Explains procedures and municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the
discusses test results on prescribed treatments with pat- needs of the audience.
ents. Operates on patients to remove, repair, or improve
functioning of diseased or injured body parts and systems
and delivers babies. Collects, records, and maintains pa- Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur-
tient information, such as medical history, reports, and
examination results. Advises patients and community con-
General; Medical Assistants; Obstetricians and Gynecolo-
cerning diet, activity, hygiene, and disease prevention.
gists; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy Technicians;
Refers patient to medical specialist or other practitioner
Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All Other;
when necessary. Prescribes or administers treatment,
therapy, medication, vaccination, and other specialized Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
nologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
medical care to treat or prevent illness, disease, or injury.
Analyzes records, reports, test results, or examination in-
formation to diagnose medical condition of patient. Moni-
tors patients condition and progress and re-evaluates
problems mentally.
treatments as necessary. SKILLSReading Comprehen-
________________________________________________________ Personal and Home Care Aides
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Child/Pe- and interactions with each other and the environment.
diatric Neurology; Family Medicine; Neonatal-Perinatal English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
Medicine; Pediatric Cardiology; Pediatric Endocrinology; tent of the English language, including the meaning and
Pediatric Hemato-Oncology; Pediatric Nephrology; Pedi- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
atric Orthopedics; Pediatric Surgery; Pediatrics. RELATED Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and Dentistry: ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabili-
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to tation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for career
diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi- counseling and guidance. Administration and Manage-
ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug ment: Knowledge of business and management principles
properties and interactions, and preventive health-care involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
measures. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organ- resources modeling, leadership technique, production
isms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, methods, and coordination of people and resources.

training
Personal and Annual Earnings: $16,140
Growth: 62.5%
Home Care Aides Annual Job Openings: 84,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 42.4%
Assist elderly or disabled adults with daily living activi- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and
ties at the persons home or in a daytime non-residential procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or
facility. Duties performed at a place of residence may teaching new things. Active Listening: Giving full atten-
include keeping house (making beds, doing laundry, tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un-
washing dishes) and preparing meals. May provide meals derstand the points being made, asking questions as
and supervised activities at non-residential care facili- appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
ties. May advise families, the elderly, and disabled on
such things as nutrition, cleanliness, and household utili-
ties. Advises and assists family members in planning nu-
tritious meals, purchasing and preparing foods, and Other Personal Services. Other Job Titles in This Work
Group: Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment; Cooks, Pri-
utilizing commodities from surplus food programs. Evalu-
vate Household; Embalmers; Funeral Attendants; Personal
ates needs of individuals served and plans for continuing
Care and Service Workers, All Other. PERSONALITY
services. Prepares and maintains records of assistance ren-
dered. Assists client with dressing, undressing, and toilet
activities. Assists parents in establishing good study habits
for children. Drives motor vehicle to transport client to These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
vice to others.
specified locations. Types correspondence and reports.
Obtains information for client for personal and business EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
purposes. Assigns housekeeping duties according to available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
childrens capabilities. Gives bedside care to incapacitated Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles
individuals and trains family members to provide bedside and processes for providing customer and personal ser-
care. Assists in training children. Explains fundamental vices. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting
P
hygiene principles. SKILLSService Orientation: Ac- quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer
tively looking for ways to help people. Speaking: Talking satisfaction. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
to others to convey information effectively. Social Per- information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
ceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and under- human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
standing why they react as they do. Learning Strategies: symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Educa- transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
tion and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods and terminology. Administration and Management:
for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruc- Knowledge of business and management principles in-
tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
training effects. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of adminis- resources modeling, leadership technique, production
trative and clerical procedures and systems, such as word methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Personal Financial Advisors

Growth: 34.0%
Self-Employed: 5.4%
Part-Time: 7.7%
Advise clients on financial plans, utilizing knowledge of cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the
tax and investment strategies, securities, insurance, pen- strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu-
sion plans, and real estate. Duties include assessing cli- sions, or approaches to problems. Judgment and Deci-
ents assets, liabilities, cash flow, insurance coverage, tax sion Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits
status, and financial objectives to establish investment of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
strategies. Interviews client with debt problems to deter- Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
mine available monthly income after living expenses to people.
meet credit obligations. Establishes payment priorities to
plan payoff method and estimate time for debt liquida-
tion. Explains to individuals and groups financial assis-
tance available to college and university students, such as
loans, grants, and scholarships. Interviews students to ob-
tain information and compares data on students applica-
tions with eligibility requirements to determine eligibility Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
for assistance program. Contacts creditors to arrange for
payment adjustments so that payments are feasible for cli-
ent and agreeable to creditors. Prepares required records
and reports. Assists in selection of candidates for specific
financial awards or aid. Authorizes release of funds to stu-
dents. Opens account for client and disburses funds from logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
account to creditors as agent for client. Determines amount
of aid to be granted, considering such factors as funds
available, extent of demand, and needs of students. Cal-
culates amount of debt and funds available. Counsels cli-
ent on financial problems, such as excessive spending and
borrowing of funds. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
tively. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Criti-
_________________________________________________________________ Personnel Recruiters
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teach- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Finance,

ers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health General; Financial Planning and Services. RELATED
Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEconomics and Account-
Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary; ing: Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants, and reporting of financial data. Mathematics: Knowledge
Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers, their applications. Administration and Management:
Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Knowledge of business and management principles in-
Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary; resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Phys- methods, and coordination of people and resources. Cus-
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
Postsecondary; Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Pre- processes for providing customer and personal services. This
school Teachers, Except Special Education; others. PER- includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
SONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
involve working with, communicating with, and teach- English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
ing people. These occupations often involve helping or tent of the English language, including the meaning and
providing service to others. spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Personnel Recruiters

Growth: 17.6%
Self-Employed: 2.6%
Part-Time: 6.9%
Seek out, interview, and screen applicants to fill existing regarding facilities, operations, benefits, and job or career
and future job openings and promote career opportuni- opportunities in organization. Contacts college represen-
ties within an organization. Interviews applicants to ob- tatives to arrange for and schedule on-campus interviews
tain work history, training, education, job skills, and other with students. Reviews and evaluates applicant qualifica-
background information. Arranges for interviews and tions or eligibility for specified licensing, according to es-
travel and lodging for selected applicants at company ex- tablished guidelines and designated licensing codes.
pense. Projects yearly recruitment expenditures for bud- Notifies applicants by mail or telephone to inform them
getary consideration and control. Corrects and scores of employment possibilities, consideration, and selection.
portions of examinations used to screen and select appli- Conducts reference and background checks on applicants.
cants. Prepares and maintains employment records and SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to what
authorizes paperwork assigning applicant to positions. other people are saying, taking time to understand the
Speaks to civic, social, and other groups to provide infor- points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
mation concerning job possibilities and career opportuni- not interrupting at inappropriate times. Reading Com-
ties. Assists and advises establishment management in prehension: Understanding written sentences and para-
organizing, preparing, and implementing recruiting and graphs in work-related documents. Writing:
P
retention programs. Evaluates recruitment and selection Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for
criteria to ensure conformance to professional, statistical, the needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others to
and testing standards and recommends revision as needed. convey information effectively. Management of Person-
Hires or refers applicant to other hiring personnel in or- nel Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing
ganization. Provides potential applicants with information people as they work, identifying the best people for the
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
job. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose require risk taking and often deal with business.
the most appropriate one.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- eral; Labor and Industrial Relations. RELATED KNOWL-
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: EDGE/COURSESPersonnel and Human Resources:
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel re-
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- cruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits,
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam- labor relations and negotiation, and personnel informa-
iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and tion systems. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior
Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job and performance; individual differences in ability, person-
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; ality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment research methods; and the assessment and treatment of
Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe- behavioral and affective disorders. English Language:
cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan-
and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad- guage, including the meaning and spelling of words, rules
justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais- of composition, and grammar. Administration and Man-
ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan agement: Knowledge of business and management prin-
Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management ciples involved in strategic planning, resource allocation,
Analysts; Market Research Analysts; Purchasing Agents and human resources modeling, leadership technique, produc-
Buyers, Farm Products; Purchasing Agents, Except Whole- tion methods, and coordination of people and resources.
sale, Retail, and Farm Products; Tax Examiners, Collec- Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and meth-
tors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Development ods for showing, promoting, and selling products or ser-
Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm vices. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product
Products. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter- demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
prising occupations frequently involve starting up and Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead- calculus, and statistics and their applications.

on-the-job training
Pest Control Workers Growth: 22.1%
Self-Employed: 7.1%
Part-Time: 30.4%
Spray or release chemical solutions or toxic gases and set Cleans and removes blockages from infested areas to fa-
traps to kill pests and vermin, such as mice, termites, cilitate spraying procedure and provide drainage, using
and roaches, that infest buildings and surrounding ar- broom, mop, shovel, and rake. Digs up and burns or sprays
eas. Sprays or dusts chemical solutions, powders, or gases weeds with herbicides. Cleans work site after completion
into rooms; onto clothing, furnishings or wood; and over of job. Records work activities performed. Drives truck
marshlands, ditches, or catch-basins. Sets mechanical traps equipped with power spraying equipment. Posts warning
and places poisonous paste or bait in sewers, burrows, and signs and locks building doors to secure area to be fumi-
ditches. Cuts or bores openings in building or surround- gated. Positions and fastens edges of tarpaulins over build-
ing concrete, accesses infested areas, inserts nozzle, and ing and tapes vents to ensure airtight environment and
injects pesticide to impregnate ground. Directs and/or checks for leaks. Measures area dimensions requiring treat-
assists other workers in treatment and extermination pro- ment, using rule; calculates fumigant requirements; and
cesses to eliminate and control rodents, insects, and weeds. estimates cost for service. Studies preliminary reports and
________________________________________________________________________ Pharmacists
diagrams of infested area and determines treatment type Vegetation; Tree Trimmers and Pruners. PERSONALITY
required to eliminate and prevent recurrence of infesta- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
tion. Inspects premises to identify infestation source and work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
extent of damage to property, wall, and roof porosity and and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
access to infested locations. SKILLSMathematics: Us- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
ing mathematics to solve problems. Reading Comprehen- of the occupations require working outside and do not
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
work-related documents. Judgment and Decision Mak-
ing: Considering the relative costs and benefits of poten-
tural/Farm Supplies Retailing and Wholesaling. RE-
tial actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Operation and Control: Controlling operations of equip- LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChemistry:
ment or systems. Equipment Selection: Determining the
kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 03. Plants and chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
Animals. Work Group: 03.03. Hands-on Work in Plants techniques, and disposal methods. Principles of Mechani-
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: cal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including
Agricultural Equipment Operators; Fallers; Farmworkers their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathemat-
and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse; ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch Animals; Fishers and Re- and statistics and their applications. Customer and Per-
lated Fishing Workers; Forest and Conservation Techni- sonal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for
cians; Forest and Conservation Workers; General providing customer and personal services. This includes
Farmworkers; Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other; customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Hunters and Trappers; Landscaping and Groundskeeping services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Biology:
Workers; Logging Equipment Operators; Logging Trac- Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their tis-
tor Operators; Logging Workers, All Other; Nursery Work- sues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions
ers; Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, with each other and the environment.

degree
Pharmacists Growth: 24.3%
Self-Employed: 4.2%
Part-Time: 24.6%
Compound and dispense medications following prescrip- to review and evaluate quality and effectiveness of
tions issued by physicians, dentists, or other authorized radiopharmaceuticals. Maintains records, such as pharmacy
medical practitioners. Compounds medications, using files, charge system, inventory, and control records for ra-
standard formulas and processes, such as weighing, mea- dioactive nuclei. Verifies that specified radioactive sub-
suring, and mixing ingredients. Compounds radioactive stance and reagent will give desired results in examination
substances and reagents to prepare radiopharmaceutical, or treatment procedures. Analyzes records to indicate pre-
following radiopharmacy laboratory procedures. Plans and scribing trends and excessive usage. Oversees preparation
P
implements procedures in pharmacy, such as mixing, pack- and dispensation of experimental drugs. Maintains estab-
aging, and labeling pharmaceuticals according to policies lished procedures concerning quality assurance, security
and legal requirements. Reviews prescription to assure ac- of controlled substances, and disposal of hazardous waste.
curacy and determine ingredients needed and suitability Calculates volume of radioactive pharmaceutical required
of radiopharmaceutical prescriptions. Consults medical to provide patient desired level of radioactivity at prescribed
staff to advise on drug applications and characteristics and time. Assays prepared radiopharmaceutical, using instru-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
ments and equipment to verify rate of drug disintegration (MS, PhD); Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
and ensure patient receives required dose. Answers ques- (MS, PhD); Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacog-
tions and provides information to pharmacy customers nosy (MS, PhD); Pharmaceutics and Drug Design (MS,
on drug interactions, side effects, dosage, and storage of PhD); Pharmacoeconomics/Pharmaceutical Economics
pharmaceuticals. SKILLSReading Comprehension: (MS, PhD); Pharmacy (PharmD [USA] PharmD, BS/
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- BPharm [Canada]); Pharmacy Administration and Phar-
related documents. Writing: Communicating effectively macy Policy and Regulatory Affairs (MS, PhD); Pharmacy,
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration, Other.
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Sci- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESChemistry:
ence: Using scientific rules and methods to solve prob- Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and
lems. Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. properties of substances and of the chemical processes and
Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of
information for both current and future problem-solving chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
and decision-making. techniques, and disposal methods. Medicine and Den-
tistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur- deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alterna-
health-care measures. Administration and Management:
gists; Pediatricians, General; Pharmacy Aides; Pharmacy
Technicians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons,
All Other; Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Sur- methods, and coordination of people and resources. Biol-
gical Technologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working
tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac-
with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
tions with each other and the environment. Computers
chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical software, including applications and programming. En-
and Industrial Drug Development (MS, PhD); Clinical, glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
Hospital, and Managed Care Pharmacy (MS, PhD); In- of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
dustrial and Physical Pharmacy and Cosmetic Sciences ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

on-the-job training
Pharmacy Aides Growth: 19.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 24.9%
Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur-
May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi-
filling. SKILLSNo data available. ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists,
________________________________________________________________ Pharmacy Technicians
gists; Pediatricians, General; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Tech- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Phar-

nicians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All macy Technician/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Other; Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgi- COURSESNo data available.
cal Technologists. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
available.

on-the-job training
Pharmacy Technicians Growth: 36.4%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. Physician Assistants; Physicians and Surgeons, All Other;
May measure, mix, count out, label, and record amounts Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
and dosages of medications. Assists pharmacist to prepare nologists. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Con-
and dispense medication. Receives and stores incoming ventional occupations frequently involve following set
supplies. Prepares intravenous (IV) packs, using sterile tech- procedures and routines. These occupations can include
nique, under supervision of hospital pharmacist. Cleans working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
equipment and sterilizes glassware according to prescribed ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
methods. Counts stock and enters data in computer to
maintain inventory records. Processes records of medica- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Phar-
macy Technician/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tion and equipment dispensed to hospital patient, com-
putes charges, and enters data in computer. Mixes
pharmaceutical preparations, fills bottles with prescribed
tablets and capsules, and types labels for bottles. SKILLS
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences
and paragraphs in work-related documents. Mathematics: and terminology. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of
the information and techniques needed to diagnose and
Using mathematics to solve problems. Active Listening:
ing time to understand the points being made, asking ques-
tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate
times. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve
problems. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
gramming. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur- Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc-
gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi- ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro-
ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists, cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes
General; Medical Assistants; Obstetricians and Gynecolo- uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, pro-
gists; Pediatricians, General; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides; duction techniques, and disposal methods.
P
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Philosophy and Religion

Growth: 8.5%

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.8%
Teach courses in philosophy, religion, and theology. Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
SKILLSNo data available. tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Physics Teach-
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, ers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers,
school Teachers, Except Special Education; Psychology
Teachers, Postsecondary; others. PERSONALITY
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary;
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Bible/
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Biblical Studies; Buddhist Studies; Christian Studies; Di-
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom- vinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.); Ethics; Hindu Studies;
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology; Pastoral
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, Counseling and Specialized Ministries, Other; Pastoral
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School Studies/Counseling; Philosophy; Philosophy and Religious
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach- Studies, Other; Philosophy, Other; Pre-Theology/Pre-
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach- Ministerial Studies; Rabbinical Studies; Religion/Religious
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, Studies; Religious Education; Religious/Sacred Music;
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; Talmudic Studies; Theological and Ministerial Studies,
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Other; Theology and Religious Vocations, Other; Theol-
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary; ogy/Theological Studies. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching COURSESNo data available.

training
Photographers Growth: 17.0%
Part-Time: 23.1%
Photograph persons, subjects, merchandise, or other GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
commercial products. May develop negatives and pro- tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.08. Media Tech-
duce finished prints. SKILLSNo data available. nology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audio
_____________________________________________________________ Photographers, Scientific
and Video Equipment Technicians; Broadcast Technicians; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Art/Art

Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Pic- Studies, General; Commercial Photography; Film/Video
ture; Film and Video Editors; Media and Communica- and Photographic Arts, Other; Photography; Photojour-
tion Equipment Workers, All Other; Professional nalism; Visual and Performing Arts, General. RELATED
Photographers; Radio Operators; Sound Engineering Tech- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
nicians. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.

training
Photographers, Scientific Growth: 17.0%
Part-Time: 23.1%
Photograph variety of subject material to illustrate or PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations

record scientific/medical data or phenomena, utilizing frequently involve working with forms, designs, and pat-
knowledge of scientific procedures and photographic tech- terns. They often require self-expression, and the work
nology and techniques. Photographs variety of subject can be done without following a clear set of rules.
material to illustrate or record scientific or medical data or
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Art/Art
phenomena related to an area of interest. Sights and fo-
Studies, General; Commercial Photography; Film/Video
cuses camera to take picture of subject material to illus-
trate or record scientific or medical data or phenomena. and Photographic Arts, Other; Photography; Photojour-
nalism; Visual and Performing Arts, General. RELATED
Plans methods and procedures for photographing subject
material and setup of required equipment. Observes and
arranges subject material to desired position. Engages in
research to develop new photographic procedure, materi-
and sculpture. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
als, and scientific data. Sets up, mounts, or installs photo-
graphic equipment and cameras. Removes exposed film composition, structure, and properties of substances and
and develops film, using chemicals, touch up tools, and
undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their inter-
equipment. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
methods. Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical
documents. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Active Learn-
ing: Understanding the implications of new information cations to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric
for both current and future problem-solving and decision-
atomic structures and processes. Biology: Knowledge of
making. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve
plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, func-
problems. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing
and the environment. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowl-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, edge of the information and techniques needed to diag-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.05. Laboratory nose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities.
Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bio- This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug prop-
P
logical Technicians; Chemical Technicians; Environmen- erties and interactions, and preventive health-care mea-
tal Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health; sures. Communications and Media: Knowledge of media
Geological and Petroleum Technicians; Geological Data production, communication, and dissemination tech-
Technicians; Geological Sample Test Technicians; Nuclear niques and methods. This includes alternative ways to in-
Equipment Operation Technicians; Nuclear Technicians. form and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Physical Therapist Aides Growth: 46.3%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 34.5%
Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physi- looking for ways to help people. Active Listening: Giving
cal therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or full attention to what other people are saying, taking time
routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include to understand the points being made, asking questions as
preparing the patient and the treatment area. Observes appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
patients during treatment, compiles and evaluates data on Instructing: Teaching others how to do something.
patients responses to treatments and progress, and reports
to physical therapist. Administers active and passive manual
therapeutic exercises; therapeutic massage; and heat, light,
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; Mas-
sound, water, and electrical modality treatments, such as
sage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Occupa-
ultrasound. Administers traction to relieve neck and back
pain, using intermittent and static traction equipment. tional Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists;
Physical Therapist Assistants; Physical Therapists; Radia-
Provides routine treatments, such as hydrotherapy, hot and
tion Therapists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory
cold packs, and paraffin bath. Secures patients into or onto
therapy equipment. Measures patients range-of-joint mo-
guage Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONAL-
tion, body parts, and vital signs to determine effects of
treatments or for patient evaluations. Records treatment
given and equipment used. Performs clerical duties, such working with, communicating with, and teaching people.
as taking inventory, ordering supplies, answering telephone,
vice to others.
taking messages, and filling out forms. Cleans work area
and equipment after treatment. Transports patients to and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Physical
from treatment area. Fits patients for orthopedic braces, Therapist Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
prostheses, and supportive devices, such as crutches. As- COURSESTherapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
sists patients in dressing, undressing, and putting on and principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
removing supportive devices, such as braces, splints, and ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
slings. Confers with physical therapy staff and others to tions and for career counseling and guidance. Customer
discuss and evaluate patient information for planning, and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
modifying, and coordinating treatment. Adjusts fit of sup- cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
portive devices for patients as instructed. Trains patients in includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
use and care of orthopedic braces, prostheses, and support- dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
ive devices, such as crutches. Safeguards, motivates, and Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
assists patients practicing exercises and functional activi- methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and
ties under direction of professional staff. Instructs, moti- instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
vates, and assists patients with learning and improving ment of training effects. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
functional activities, such as perambulation, transfer, administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
ambulation, and daily-living activities. SKILLSReading as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
paragraphs in work-related documents. Learning Strate- procedures and terminology. Psychology: Knowledge of
gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods human behavior and performance; individual differences
and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn- in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motiva-
ing or teaching new things. Service Orientation: Actively tion; psychological research methods; and the assessment
___________________________________________________________ Physical Therapist Assistants
and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Biol- tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac-
ogy: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their tions with each other and the environment.

Physical Therapist Assistants

Growth: 44.8%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 34.5%
Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy responses to treatments and progress, and reports to physi-
treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state cal therapist. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
laws, assist in the development of treatment plans, carry standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
out routine functions, document the progress of treat- documents. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using train-
ment, and modify specific treatments in accordance with ing/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for
patient status and within the scope of treatment plans the situation when learning or teaching new things. Ser-
established by a physical therapist. Generally requires vice Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help people.
formal training. Records treatment given and equipment Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Ac-
used. Fits patients for orthopedic braces, prostheses, and tive Listening: Giving full attention to what other people
supportive devices, such as crutches. Transports patients are saying, taking time to understand the points being
to and from treatment area. Cleans work area and equip- made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt-
ment after treatment. Performs clerical duties, such as taking at inappropriate times.
ing inventory, ordering supplies, answering telephone,
taking messages, and filling out forms. Administers active
and passive manual therapeutic exercises; therapeutic mas- Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists;
sage; and heat, light, sound, water, and electrical modality
treatments, such as ultrasound. Instructs, motivates, and
cupational Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists;
assists patients to learn and improve functional activities,
Physical Therapist Aides; Physical Therapists; Radiation
such as perambulation, transfer, ambulation, and daily-
Therapists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory Thera-
living activities. Safeguards, motivates, and assists patients
practicing exercises and functional activities under direc- pists; Respiratory Therapy Technicians; Speech-Language
Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONALITY
tion of professional staff. Administers traction to relieve
neck and back pain, using intermittent and static traction
equipment. Secures patients into or onto therapy equip-
ment. Measures patients range-of-joint motion, body
vice to others.
parts, and vital signs to determine effects of treatments or
for patient evaluations. Assists patients in dressing, un- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Physical
dressing, and putting on and removing supportive devices, Therapist Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
such as braces, splints, and slings. Confers with physical COURSESTherapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
therapy staff and others to discuss and evaluate patient principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treat-
information for planning, modifying, and coordinating ment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunc-
treatment. Adjusts fit of supportive devices for patients as tions and for career counseling and guidance. Customer
P
instructed. Provides routine treatments, such as hydro- and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
therapy, hot and cold packs, and paraffin bath. Trains pa- cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
tients in use and care of orthopedic braces, prostheses, includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
and supportive devices, such as crutches. Observes patients dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
during treatments, compiles and evaluates data on patients Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and human behavior and performance; individual differences
instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure- in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motiva-
ment of training effects. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of tion; psychological research methods; and the assessment
administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Biol-
as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra- ogy: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their
phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interac-
procedures and terminology. Psychology: Knowledge of tions with each other and the environment.

Physical Therapists

Growth: 33.3%
Self-Employed: 5.9%
Part-Time: 20.8%
Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative ence. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the
programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose
strength, and decrease or prevent deformity of patients the most appropriate one. Active Listening: Giving full
suffering from disease or injury. Administers manual ex- attention to what other people are saying, taking time to
ercises to improve and maintain function. Administers understand the points being made, asking questions as
treatment involving application of physical agents, using appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
equipment, moist packs, ultraviolet and infrared lamps, Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
and ultrasound machines. Administers traction to relieve the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
pain, using traction equipment. Evaluates effects of treat- clusions, or approaches to problems. Speaking: Talking to
ment at various stages and adjusts treatments to achieve others to convey information effectively. Instructing:
maximum benefit. Instructs, motivates, and assists patient Teaching others how to do something.
to perform various physical activities and use supportive
devices, such as crutches, canes, and prostheses. Adminis-
ters massage, applying knowledge of massage techniques Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy.
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists;
and body physiology. Tests and measures patients strength,
motor development, sensory perception, functional capac-
cupational Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists;
ity, and respiratory and circulatory efficiency and records
Physical Therapist Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants;
data. Reviews physicians referral and patients condition
Radiation Therapists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory
and medical records to determine physical therapy treat-
ment required. Plans and prepares written treatment pro- Therapists; Respiratory Therapy Technicians; Speech-Lan-
guage Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONAL-
gram based on evaluation of patient data. Evaluates, fits,
and adjusts prosthetic and orthotic devices and recom-
mends modification to orthotist. Records treatment, re-
sponse, and progress in patients chart or enters information
vice to others.
into computer. Confers with medical practitioners to ob-
tain additional information, suggest revisions in treatment, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
and integrate physical therapy into patients care. Instructs Kinesiotherapy/Kinesiotherapist; Physical Therapy/Thera-
patient and family in treatment procedures to be contin- pist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTherapy
ued at home. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un- and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and
derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
work-related documents. Writing: Communicating effec- physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audi- ing and guidance. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge
__________________________________________________________________ Physician Assistants
of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and mance; individual differences in ability, personality, and
treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This in- interests; learning and motivation; psychological research
cludes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral
and interactions, and preventive health-care measures. and affective disorders. Administration and Management:
English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con- Knowledge of business and management principles in-
tent of the English language, including the meaning and volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. resources modeling, leadership technique, production
Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and perfor- methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Physician Assistants

Growth: 53.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 24.6%
Provide health care services typically performed by a GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
physician under the supervision of a physician. Conduct Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur-
complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel pa- gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi-
tients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists,
graduate from an accredited educational program for General; Medical Assistants; Obstetricians and Gynecolo-
physician assistants. Examines patient. Interprets diag- gists; Pediatricians, General; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides;
nostic test results for deviations from normal. Counsels Pharmacy Technicians; Physicians and Surgeons, All Other;
patients regarding prescribed therapeutic regimens, nor- Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
mal growth and development, family planning, emotional nologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Inves-
problems of daily living, and health maintenance. Devel- tigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas
ops and implements patient management plans, records and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occu-
progress notes, and assists in provision of continuity of pations can involve searching for facts and figuring out
care. Performs therapeutic procedures, such as injections, problems mentally.
immunizations, suturing and wound care, and managing
infection. Compiles patient medical data, including health EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Physician
Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
history and results of physical examination. Administers
Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information
or orders diagnostic tests, such as X-ray, electrocardiogram,
and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human inju-
and laboratory tests. SKILLSReading Comprehension:
ries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms,
treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions,
related documents. Active Learning: Understanding the
implications of new information for both current and fu- and preventive health-care measures. Biology: Knowledge
ture problem-solving and decision-making. Active Listen-
and the environment. Chemistry: Knowledge of the
P
mation effectively. Science: Using scientific rules and that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and
their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
methods to solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using logic
and disposal methods. Therapy and Counseling: Knowl-
edge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagno-
sis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental
lems. Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to
help people.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
dysfunctions and for career counseling and guidance. interests; learning and motivation; psychological research
Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and perfor- methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral
mance; individual differences in ability, personality, and and affective disorders.

Physics Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses pertaining to the laws of matter and en- Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
ergy. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teach- Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing and those who do a combination of both teaching Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
and research. Prepares and delivers lectures to students. Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
Compiles bibliographies of specialized materials for out- Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
side reading assignments. Stimulates class discussions. cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
Compiles, administers, and grades examinations or assigns Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
this work to others. Advises students on academic and Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
vocational curricula. Conducts research in particular field Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
of knowledge and publishes findings in professional jour- ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
nals. Acts as adviser to student organizations. Serves on Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
faculty committee providing professional consulting ser- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
vices to government and industry. Directs research of other tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
teachers or graduate students working for advanced aca- Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
demic degrees. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un- cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
work-related documents. Writing: Communicating effec- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audi- Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
ence. Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve prob- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
lems. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/ Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
situation when learning or teaching new things. vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Teachers, Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers,
school Teachers, Except Special Education; others. PER-
SONALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative
occupations frequently involve working with ideas and
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupa-
tions can involve searching for facts and figuring out prob-
lems mentally.
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Acous-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; tics; Atomic/Molecular Physics; Elementary Particle Phys-
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- ics; Nuclear Physics; Optics/Optical Sciences; Physics,
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; General; Physics, Other; Plasma and High-Temperature
________________________________________________________________________ Pipe Fitters
Physics; Solid State and Low-Temperature Physics; Theo- effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
retical and Mathematical Physics. RELATED KNOWL- geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
EDGE/COURSESPhysics: Knowledge and prediction English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
of physical principles and laws and their interrelationships tent of the English language, including the meaning and
and applications to understanding fluid, material, and at- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic, Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
and sub-atomic structures and processes. Education and ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur- ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
individuals and groups, and the measurement of training nation of people and resources.

training
Pipe Fitters Growth: 10.2%
Part-Time: 5.5%
Lay out, assemble, install, and maintain pipe systems, fications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, and
pipe supports, and related hydraulic and pneumatic pipe threaders and benders. SKILLSInstallation: In-
equipment for steam, hot water, heating, cooling, lubri- stalling equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet
cating, sprinkling, and industrial production and pro- specifications. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests
cessing systems. Plans pipe system layout, installation, or and inspections of products, services, or processes to evalu-
repair according to specifications. Operates motorized ate quality or performance. Equipment Selection: Deter-
pump to remove water from flooded manholes, basements, mining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a
or facility floors. Turns valve to shut off steam, water, or job. Operation and Control: Controlling operations of
other gases or liquids from pipe section, using valve key or equipment or systems. Equipment Maintenance: Perform-
wrenches. Cuts and bores holes in structures, such as bulk- ing routine maintenance on equipment and determining
heads, decks, walls, and mains, using hand and power tools, when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Math-
prior to pipe installation. Coats nonferrous piping mate- ematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
rials by dipping in mixture of molten tin and lead to pre-
vent erosion or galvanic and electrolytic action. Inspects
work site to determine presence of obstruction and en-
sure that holes will not cause structure weakness. Lays out
full-scale drawings of pipe systems, supports, and related
equipment, following blueprints. Inspects, examines, and ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
tests installed systems and pipe lines, using pressure gauge,
hydrostatic testing, observation, or other methods. At-
taches pipes to walls, structures, and fixtures, such as ra-
diators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding
equipment. Modifies and maintains pipe systems and re-
lated machines and equipment components following ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
P
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
specifications, using hand tools and power tools. Selects
Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
pipe sizes and types and related materials, such as sup-
ports, hangers, and hydraulic cylinders, according to speci-
fications. Assembles pipes, tubes, and fittings according
Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
to specifications. Measures and marks pipes for cutting
and threading. Cuts, threads, and hammers pipe to speci- neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)

Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators; Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter; Plumbing and
Pile-Driver Operators; Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plas- Related Water Supply Services, Other; Plumbing Tech-
terers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, nology/Plumber. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
Equipment Operators; Refractory Materials Repairers, materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Work- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
ers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire such as highways and roads. Principles of Mechanical
Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowl-
Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc- drawings, and models. Engineering and Technology:
cupations frequently involve work activities that include Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci-
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often ence and technology. This includes applying principles,
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations reproduction of various goods and services. Mathematics:
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
work or working closely with others. statistics and their applications.

on-the-job training
Pipelaying Fitters Growth: 10.2%
Self-Employed: 5.3%
Part-Time: 8.5%
Align pipeline section in preparation for welding. Signal ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
tractor driver for placement of pipeline sections in proper and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
alignment. Insert steel spacer. Guides pipe into trench Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
and signals hoist operator to move pipe until specified lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
alignment with other pipes is achieved. Corrects misalign- ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
ment of pipe, using sledgehammer. Inserts spacers between Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
pipe ends. Inspects joint to verify uniformity of spacing neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
and alignment of pipe surfaces. SKILLSEquipment Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
needed to do a job. Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Plasterers
and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- gers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- cupations frequently involve work activities that include
_________________________________ Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Operators and Tenders
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re- the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- structures, such as highways and roads. Food Production:
work or working closely with others. Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting,
growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and
animal) for consumption, including storage/handling tech-
Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter; Plumbing and
niques. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Related Water Supply Services, Other; Plumbing Tech-
nology/Plumber. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl- ture and distribution of goods.

Plastic Molding and training
Casting Machine Operators Growth: 9.8%
and Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Operate or tend plastic molding machines, such as com- that hold plastic product in molds, using hand tool, and
pression or injection molding machines, to mold, form, removes product from mold. Feels stiffness and consis-
or cast thermoplastic materials to specified shape. Starts tency of molded sheeting to detect machinery malfunc-
machine that automatically liquefies plastic material in tion. Reports defect in molds to supervisor. Signals
heating chamber, injects liquefied material into mold, and coworker to synchronize feed of materials into molding
ejects molded product. Observes meters and gauges to process. Trims flashing from product. Throws flash and
verify specified temperatures, pressures, and press-cycle rejected parts into grinder machine to be recycled. Stacks
times. Turns valves and dials of machines to regulate pres- molded parts in boxes or on conveyor for subsequent pro-
sure and temperature, to set press-cycle time, and to close cessing or leaves parts in mold to cool. SKILLSOpera-
press. Observes continuous operation of automatic mation and Control: Controlling operations of equipment
chine and width and alignment of plastic sheeting to en- or systems. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, di-
sure side flanges. Weighs prescribed amounts of material als, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working
for molded part and finished product to ensure specifica- properly. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and
tions are maintained. Removes product from mold or con- inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
veyor and cleans and reloads mold. Positions mold frame quality or performance. Mathematics: Using mathemat-
to correct alignment and tubs containing mixture on top ics to solve problems. Equipment Selection: Determin-
of mold to facilitate loading of molds. Examines molded ing the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
product for surface defects, such as dents, bubbles, thin
areas, and cracks. Fills tubs, molds, or cavities of machine
with plastic material in solid or liquid form prior to acti-
vating machine. Mixes and pours liquid plastic into rotat-
ing drum of machine that spreads, hardens, and shapes
P
mixture. Pulls level and toggle latches to fill mold and
regulate tension on sheeting and to release mold covers.
Dumps plastic powder, preformed plastic pellets, or pre-
formed rubber slugs into hopper of molding machine.
Heats plastic material prior to forming product or cools
product after processing to prevent distortion. Breaks seals
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set- SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations fre-
ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool quently involve work activities that include practical,
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip- closely with others.
ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and
Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine
and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas- duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics: Knowledge
Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping, of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
physical principles and laws and their interrelationships and
sub-atomic structures and processes. English Language:
Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English lan-
of composition, and grammar. Engineering and Technol-
ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER- design and production of various goods and services.

Plastic Molding and on-the-job training
Casting Machine Setters Growth: 9.8%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Set up or set up and operate plastic molding machines, machine setup and operations to eliminate production of
such as compression or injection molding machines, to defective parts and products. Weighs premixed compounds
mold, form, or cast thermoplastic materials to specified and dumps compound into die well or fills hoppers of
shape. Positions, aligns, and secures assembled mold, mold machines that automatically supply compound to die.
components, and machine accessories onto machine press Reads specifications to determine setup and prescribed
bed and attaches connecting lines. Installs dies onto ma- temperature and time settings to mold, form, or cast plas-
chine or press and coats dies with parting agent according tic materials. Sets machine controls to regulate molding
to work order specifications. Presses button or pulls lever temperature, volume, pressure, and time, according to
to activate machine to inject dies and compress compounds knowledge of plastics and molding procedures. Mixes cata-
to form and cure specified products. Observes and adjusts lysts, thermoplastic materials, and coloring pigments ac-
____________________________ Plastic Molding and Casting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators
cording to formula, using paddle and mixing machine. tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
Repairs and maintains machines and auxiliary equipment, chine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming,
using hand tools and power tools. Trims excess material Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
from part, using knife, and grinds scrap plastic into pow- Tenders; Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
der for reuse. Removes finished or cured product from ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers;
dies or mold, using hand tools and air hose. Measures and Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping,
visually inspects products for surface and dimension de- and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
fects, using precision measuring instruments, to ensure Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters,
conformance to specifications. SKILLSOperation Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating
Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
to make sure a machine is working properly. Operation Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine
and Control: Controlling operations of equipment or sys- Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
tems. Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine main- ment Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic;
tenance on equipment and determining when and what Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers; Jew-
kind of maintenance is needed. Repairing: Repairing elers; Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers;
machines or systems, using the needed tools. Trouble- Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
shooting: Determining causes of operating errors and de- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
ciding what to do about them. Reading Comprehension: terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER-
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
related documents. Quality Control Analysis: Conduct- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
ing tests and inspections of products, services, or processes hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
to evaluate quality or performance. plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers; available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Aircraft Systems Assemblers, Precision; Bench Workers, Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines
Jewelry; Bindery Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main-
Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set- tenance. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw
Up Operators; Casting Machine Set-Up Operators; Coat- materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
ing, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up other techniques for maximizing the effective manufac-
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set- ture and distribution of goods. Chemistry: Knowledge of
ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool the chemical composition, structure, and properties of
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting, substances and of the chemical processes and transforma-
Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- tions that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals
ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and and disposal methods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip- metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
ment Assemblers; Electrical and Electronic Inspectors and applications. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
Testers; Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers; Engine circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing computer hardware and software, including applications
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas- and programming.
P
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Plumbers Growth: 10.2%
Part-Time: 5.5%
Assemble, install, and repair pipes, fittings, and fixtures Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
of heating, water, and drainage systems, according to Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
specifications and plumbing codes. Repairs and main- Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
tains plumbing by replacing defective washers, replacing Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
or mending broken pipes, and opening clogged drains. Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
Assembles pipe sections, tubing, and fittings, using screws, ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
bolts, solder, plastic solvent, and caulking. Installs pipe and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
assemblies, fittings, valves, and fixtures, such as sinks, toi- Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
lets and tubs, using hand and power tools. Cuts, threads, lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
and bends pipe to required angle, using pipe cutters, pipe- ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
threading machine, and pipe bending machine. Directs Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
workers engaged in pipe cutting and preassembly and in- neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
stallation of plumbing systems and components. Fills pipes Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
or plumbing fixtures with water or air and observes pres- Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
sure gauges to detect and locate leaks. Locates and marks Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying
position of pipe installations and passage holes in struc- Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers,
tures, using measuring instruments such as ruler and level. Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and Main-
Cuts opening in structures to accommodate pipe and pipe tenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materials Re-
fittings, using hand and power tools. Studies building plans pairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and Rebar
and inspects structure to determine required materials and Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Security and
equipment and sequence of pipe installations. SKILLS Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet
Installation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cut-
programs to meet specifications. Coordination: Adjust- ters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel
ing actions in relation to others actions. Repairing: Re- Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and
pairing machines or systems, using the needed tools. Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
equipment needed to do a job. Operation and Control: include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Equip- often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
ment Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
equipment and determining when and what kind of main- tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
tenance is needed. Active Listening: Giving full attention paperwork or working closely with others.
Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter; Plumbing and
Related Water Supply Services, Other; Plumbing Tech-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- nology/Plumber. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
___________________________________________________________________ Poets and Lyricists
structures, such as highways and roads. Engineering and Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Design:
engineering science and technology. This includes apply- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
ing principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
the design and production of various goods and services. prints, drawings, and models.

training
Plumbers, Pipefitters, Annual Earnings: $38,710
Growth: 10.2%
and Steamfitters Annual Job Openings: 49,000
Part-Time: 5.5%
Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe sys- Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other Construction
tems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. Equipment Operators; Painters, Construction and Main-
May install heating and cooling equipment and mechani- tenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping
cal control systems. SKILLSNo data available. Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters;
Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Ma-
sons; Plumbers; Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equip-
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Construc-
tion. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat Builders
and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Builders;
Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet Install-
ers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv-
Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction Carpenters;
ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers;
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Elec-
Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters.
tricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts,
and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet,
Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)
ziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazard- Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter; Plumbing and
ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, Related Water Supply Services, Other; Plumbing Tech-
Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu- nology/Plumber. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operating COURSESNo data available.

Poets and Lyricists

Growth: 28.4%
Part-Time: 18.5%
P
Write poetry or song lyrics for publication or perfor- event. Adapts text to accommodate musical requirements
mance. Writes words to fit musical compositions, includ- of composer and singer. Writes narrative, dramatic, lyric,
ing lyrics for operas, musical plays, and choral works. or other types of poetry for publication. SKILLSWrit-
Chooses subject matter and suitable form to express per- ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
sonal feeling and experience or ideas or to narrate story or for the needs of the audience. Reading Comprehension:
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- ric; Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs,
related documents. Learning Strategies: Selecting and Other; Creative Writing; English Composition; Family and
using training/instructional methods and procedures ap- Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Communication;
propriate for the situation when learning or teaching new Journalism; Mass Communication/Media Studies;
things. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor- Playwriting and Screenwriting; Technical and Business
mance or that of other individuals or organizations to make Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESFine
improvements or take corrective action. Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to
compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance,
visual arts, drama, and sculpture. English Language:
Editing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Copy language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Writers; Creative Writers; Editors; Technical Writers; Writ-
rules of composition, and grammar. Communications and
ers and Authors. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Ar-
tistic occupations frequently involve working with forms,
and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes
designs, and patterns. They often require self-expression,
and the work can be done without following a clear set of
and visual media. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
rules. edge of principles and processes for providing customer
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Broadcast and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
Journalism; Business/Corporate Communications; Com- sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
munication Studies/Speech Communication and Rheto- ation of customer satisfaction.

training
Police and Sheriffs Patrol Annual Earnings: $40,970
Growth: 23.2%
Officers Annual Job Openings: 21,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.5%
Maintain order, enforce laws and ordinances, and pro- and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam-
tect life and property in an assigned patrol district. Per- ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; High-
form combination of following duties: Patrol a specific way Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors;
area on foot or in a vehicle, direct traffic, issue traffic Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective
summonses, investigate accidents, apprehend and arrest Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police
suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. SKILLS Detectives; Police Identification and Records Officers;
No data available. Police Patrol Officers; Private Detectives and Investiga-
tors; Security Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Tran-
sit and Railroad Police. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
available.
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves- Justice/Police Science; Criminalistics and Criminal Science.
tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data
Investigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; De- available.
____________________________________________________________________ Police Detectives

Police Detectives Growth: 16.4%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Conduct investigations to prevent crimes or solve crimi- tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal In-
nal cases. Examines scene of crime to obtain clues and vestigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; Detec-
gather evidence. Records progress of investigation, main- tives and Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish
tains informational files on suspects, and submits reports and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam-
to commanding officer or magistrate to authorize war- ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; High-
rants. Reviews governmental agency files to obtain identi- way Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors;
fying data pertaining to suspects or establishments Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective
suspected of violating laws. Testifies before court and grand Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and
jury and appears in court as witness. Schedules polygraph Sheriff s Patrol Officers; Police Identification and Records
test for consenting parties and records results of test inter- Officers; Police Patrol Officers; Private Detectives and
pretations for presentation with findings. Prepares assigned Investigators; Security Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sher-
cases for court and charges or responses to charges accord- iffs; Transit and Railroad Police. PERSONALITY
ing to formalized procedures. Observes and photographs TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently
narcotic purchase transaction to compile evidence and involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occu-
protect undercover investigators. Arrests or assists in ar- pations can involve leading people and making many de-
rest of criminals or suspects. Interviews complainant, wit- cisions. They sometimes require risk taking and often deal
nesses, and accused persons to obtain facts or statements; with business.
records interviews, using recording device. Investigates
establishments or persons to establish facts supporting EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
complainant or accused, using supportive information
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPublic Safety
from witnesses or tangible evidence. Maintains surveillance
of establishments to attain identifying information on
suspects. SKILLSCritical Thinking: Using logic and
ternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to prob- data, property, and institutions. Law and Government:
rules, and the democratic political process. Psychology:
terrupting at inappropriate times. Social Perceptiveness:
they react as they do. Active Learning: Understanding the ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
implications of new information for both current and fu-
disorders. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
ture problem-solving and decision-making. Speaking:
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
P
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law mar. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law clerical procedures and systems, such as word processing,
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss- designing forms, and other office procedures and termi-
ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves- nology.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Police Identification and Annual Earnings: $50,960
Growth: 16.4%
Records Officers Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fin- Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective
gerprints, and photograph evidence for use in criminal Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and
and civil cases. Dusts selected areas of crime scene to lo- Sheriffs Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Police Patrol
cate and reveal latent fingerprints. Lifts prints from crime Officers; Private Detectives and Investigators; Security
site, using special tape. Photographs, records physical de- Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and Rail-
scription, and fingerprints homicide victims and suspects road Police. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional.
for identification. Submits evidence to supervisor. Devel- Conventional occupations frequently involve following set
ops film and prints, using photographic developing equip- procedures and routines. These occupations can include
ment. Classifies and files fingerprints. Photographs crime working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
or accident scene to obtain record of evidence. SKILLS ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other people
are saying, taking time to understand the points being EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Criminal
ing at inappropriate times. Operation and Control: Con-
trolling operations of equipment or systems. Equipment
needed to do a job. Science: Using scientific rules and
methods to solve problems. Reading Comprehension: data, property, and institutions. Clerical Studies: Knowl-
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
office procedures and terminology. Law and Government:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: rules, and the democratic political process. English Lan-
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss- guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal words, rules of composition, and grammar. Chemistry:
Investigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; De- Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and
tectives and Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish properties of substances and of the chemical processes and
and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam- transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of
ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; High- chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
way Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors; techniques, and disposal methods.
________________________________________________________________ Police Patrol Officers

training
Police Patrol Officers Growth: 23.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.5%
Patrol assigned area to enforce laws and ordinances, regu- Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ani-
late traffic, control crowds, prevent crime, and arrest vio- mal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Missing
lators. Patrols specific area on foot, horseback, or motorized Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Investiga-
conveyance. Draws diagram of crime or accident scene. tors; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal Investiga-
Photographs crime or accident scene. Interviews principal tors and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; Detectives and
witnesses and eyewitnesses. Renders aid to accident vic- Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish and Game
tims and other persons requiring first aid for physical inju- Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gaming Surveil-
ries. Records facts and prepares reports to document lance Officers and Gaming Investigators; Highway Patrol
activities. Testifies in court to present evidence or act as Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors; Lifeguards,
witness in traffic and criminal cases. Expedites processing Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Work-
of prisoners and prepares and maintains records of pris- ers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and Sheriff s
oner bookings and prisoner status during booking and pre- Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Police Identification and
trial process. Relays complaint and emergency-request Records Officers; Private Detectives and Investigators; Se-
information to appropriate agency dispatcher. Provides road curity Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and
information to assist motorists. Investigates traffic accidents Railroad Police. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social
and other accidents to determine causes and to determine occupations frequently involve working with, communi-
if crime has been committed. Evaluates complaint and cating with, and teaching people. These occupations often
emergency-request information to determine response re- involve helping or providing service to others.
quirements. Reviews facts to determine if criminal act or
statute violation is involved. Directs traffic flow and re-
routes traffic in case of emergencies. Monitors traffic to
ensure that motorists observe traffic regulations and ex-
hibit safe driving procedures. Arrests perpetrator of crimi-
nal act or submits citation or warning to violator of motor
vehicle ordinance. Maintains order, responds to emergen- or national security operations for the protection of people,
cies, protects people and property, and enforces motor ve-
hicle and criminal law. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving
rules, and the democratic political process. English Lan-
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify glish language, including the meaning and spelling of
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Medicine and
clusions, or approaches to problems. Service Orientation:
Actively looking for ways to help people. Social Percep-
tiveness: Being aware of others reactions and understand-
P
ing why they react as they do. Speaking: Talking to others

to convey information effectively. Judgment and Decision health-care measures. Psychology: Knowledge of human
Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of
potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Political Science Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in political science, international affairs, Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
and international relations. Acts as adviser to student or- Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ganizations. Compiles bibliographies of specialized mate- Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
rials for outside reading assignments. Directs research of Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
other teachers or graduate students working for advanced Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
academic degrees. Serves on faculty committee providing cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
professional consulting services to government and indus- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
try. Conducts research in particular field of knowledge Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
and publishes findings in professional journals. Advises Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
students on academic and vocational curricula. Compiles, ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
administers, and grades examinations or assigns this work Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
to others. Prepares and delivers lectures to students. Stimu- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
lates class discussions. SKILLSReading Comprehen- tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
work-related documents. Instructing: Teaching others how cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
to do something. Speaking: Talking to others to convey Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
information effectively. Active Learning: Understanding Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
the implications of new information for both current and Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
future problem-solving and decision-making. Active Lis- Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
tening: Giving full attention to what other people are say- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
ing, taking time to understand the points being made, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
inappropriate times. Writing: Communicating effectively vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/instruc- Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
tional methods and procedures appropriate for the situa- Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Preschool Teachers,
tion when learning or teaching new things. Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
vice to others.
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)American
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Government and Politics (United States); Political Science
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, and Government, General; Political Science and Govern-
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, ment, Other; Social Science Teacher Education. RE-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; effects. Sociology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group
___________________________________________________________________ Political Scientists
behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motiva-
human migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and their his- tion; psychological research methods; and the assessment
tory and origins. History and Archeology: Knowledge of and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. En-
historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
on civilizations and cultures. Psychology: Knowledge of of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
human behavior and performance; individual differences ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Political Scientists

Growth: 17.2%
Self-Employed: 5.2%
Part-Time: 18.1%
Study the origin, development, and operation of politi- ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthro-
cal systems. Research a wide range of subjects, such as pologists; Anthropologists and Archeologists; Archeolo-
relations between the United States and foreign coun- gists; City Planning Aides; Economists; Historians;
tries, the beliefs and institutions of foreign nations, or Industrial-Organizational Psychologists; Psychologists, All
the politics of small towns or a major metropolis. May Other; Social Science Research Assistants; Social Scien-
study topics such as public opinion, political decision tists and Related Workers, All Other; Sociologists; Survey
making, and ideology. May analyze the structure and Researchers; Urban and Regional Planners. PERSONAL-
operation of governments as well as various political en- ITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations fre-
tities. May conduct public opinion surveys, analyze elec- quently involve working with ideas and require an extensive
tion results, or analyze public documents. Conducts amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search-
research into political philosophy and theories of political ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
systems, such as governmental institutions, public laws,
and international law. Analyzes and interprets results of
Government and Politics (United States); Canadian Gov-
studies and prepares reports detailing findings, recommen-
ernment and Politics; International/Global Studies; Po-
dations, or conclusions. Organizes and conducts public
opinion surveys and interprets results. Recommends pro- litical Science and Government, General; Political Science
and Government, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
grams and policies to institutions and organizations. Pre-
COURSESLaw and Government: Knowledge of laws,
pares reports detailing findings and conclusions. Consults
legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government
with government officials, civic bodies, research agencies,
regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the demo-
and political parties. SKILLSWriting: Communicating
cratic political process. English Language: Knowledge of
audience. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ- the structure and content of the English language, includ-
tion, and grammar. Communications and Media:
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Ac-
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dis-
tive Learning: Understanding the implications of new
semination techniques and methods. This includes alter-
information for both current and future problem-solving
native ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and
and decision-making. Speaking: Talking to others to con-
vey information effectively. Active Listening: Giving full visual media. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
P
tions. Philosophy and Theology: Knowledge of different
philosophical systems and religions. This includes their
basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, and practices and their impact on human culture.
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Postsecondary Teachers,

Annual Earnings: No data available
Growth: 23.5%
All Other Annual Job Openings: 184,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
All postsecondary teachers not listed separately. Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
SKILLSNo data available. erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists;
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Preschool Teach-
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, ers, Except Special Education; others. PERSONALITY
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Creative
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- Writing; General Studies; Humanities/Humanistic Stud-
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School ies; Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Hu-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special manities, Other; Liberal Arts and Sciences/Liberal Studies;
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English Speech and Rhetorical Studies. RELATED KNOWL-
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

vocational training
Precision Dyers Growth: 11.4%
Self-Employed: 5.9%
Part-Time: 22.7%
Change or restore the color of articles, such as garments, applying knowledge of bleaching agent and dye proper-
drapes, and slipcovers, by means of dyes. Work requires ties and type, construction, condition, and color of ar-
knowledge of the composition of the textiles being dyed ticle. Immerses article in bleaching bath to strip colors.
or restored, the chemical properties of bleaches and dyes, Immerses article in dye solution and stirs with stick or
and their effects upon such textiles. Matches sample color, dyes article in rotary-drum or paddle dyeing machine.
_____________________________________________ Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
Rinses article in water and acetic acid solution to remove Hand; Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials;
excess dye and to fix colors. Dissolves dye or bleaching Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers; Shop and Alter-
chemicals in water. Operates or directs operation of ex- ation Tailors; Spotters, Dry Cleaning; Tailors, Dressmak-
tractor and drier. Sprays or brushes article with prepared ers, and Custom Sewers; Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings
solution to remove stains. Measures and mixes amounts Workers, All Other; Upholsterers. PERSONALITY
of bleaches, dyes, oils, and acids, following formulas. Ap- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
plies dye to article, using spray gun, electrically rotated work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
brush, or handbrush. Examines article to identify fabric and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
and original dye by sight, by touch, or by testing sample real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
with fire or chemical reagent. Tests dye on swatch of fab- of the occupations require working outside and do not
ric to ensure color match. SKILLSScience: Using sci- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
entific rules and methods to solve problems. Equipment
needed to do a job. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical
identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solu- processes and transformations that they undergo. This in-
cludes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. Pro-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.06. duction processes, quality control, costs, and other
Apparel, Shoes, Leather, and Fabric Care. Other Job Titles techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
in This Work Group: Custom Tailors; Fabric Menders, distribution of goods. English Language: Knowledge of
Except Garment; Laundry and Drycleaning Machine the structure and content of the English language, includ-
Operators and Tenders, Except Pressing; Laundry and Dry- ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Cleaning Workers; Pressers, Delicate Fabrics; Pressers, tion, and grammar.

Preschool Teachers,

Growth: 20.0%
Except Special Education Annual Job Openings: 55,000
Self-Employed: 1.5%
Part-Time: 32.4%
Instruct children (normally up to 5 years of age) in ac- ents to explain preschool program and to discuss ways they
tivities designed to promote social, physical, and intel- can develop their childs interest. Plans instructional ac-
lectual growth needed for primary school in preschool, tivities for teacher aide. Administers tests to determine
day care center, or other child development facility. May each childs level of development according to design of
be required to hold state certification. Instructs children test. Attends staff meetings. SKILLSLearning Strate-
in activities designed to promote social, physical, and in- gies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods
tellectual growth in facility such as preschool or day care and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn-
center. Plans individual and group activities for children, ing or teaching new things. Monitoring: Monitoring/As-
P
such as learning to listen to instructions, playing with oth- sessing your performance or that of other individuals or
ers, and using play equipment. Demonstrates activity. organizations to make improvements or take corrective
Structures play activities to instill concepts of respect and action. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reac-
concern for others. Monitors individual and/or group actions and understanding why they react as they do. Active
tivities to prevent accidents and promote social skills. Reads Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are
books to entire class or to small groups. Confers with par- saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
inappropriate times. Reading Comprehension: Under- Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
documents. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
mation effectively. and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; Psychology Teachers,
Postsecondary; others. PERSONALITY TYPESocial.
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Social occupations frequently involve working with, com-
municating with, and teaching people. These occupations
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Child
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Care and Support Services Management; Early Childhood
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science Education and Teaching; Kindergarten/Preschool Educa-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; tion and Teaching. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom- and the measurement of training effects. Customer and
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, for providing customer and personal services. This includes
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach- services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology:
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary; vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His- the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, disorders. Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and tech-
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu- niques required to compose, produce, and perform works
cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Private Detectives and Education/Training Required: Work experience

Investigators Annual Earnings: $28,380
Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 19.8%
Detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules cials, security department, police, or postal officials to iden-
in private establishment or seek, examine, and compile tify problems, provide information, and receive instruc-
information for client. Confers with establishment offi- tions. Alerts staff and superiors of presence of suspect in
_____________________________________________________ Private Detectives and Investigators
establishment. Writes reports and case summaries to docu- tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal In-
ment investigations or inform supervisors. Testifies at hear- vestigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; Detec-
ings and court trials to present evidence. Locates persons, tives and Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish
using phone or mail directories, to collect money owed or and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam-
to serve legal papers. Evaluates performance and honesty ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; High-
of employees by posing as customer or employee and com- way Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors;
paring employee to standards. Assists victims, police, fire Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective
department, and others during emergencies. Enforces con- Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and
formance to establishment rules and protects persons or Sheriff s Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Police Identi-
property. Counts cash and reviews transactions, sales fication and Records Officers; Police Patrol Officers; Se-
checks, and register tapes to verify amount of cash and curity Guards; Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs; Transit and
shortages. Obtains and analyzes information on suspects, Railroad Police. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
crimes, and disturbances to solve cases, identify criminal Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
activity, and maintain public peace and order. Warns and and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
ejects troublemakers from premises and apprehends and leading people and making many decisions. They some-
releases suspects to authorities or security personnel. Ex- times require risk taking and often deal with business.
amines crime scene for clues or fingerprints and submits
evidence to laboratory for analysis. Questions persons to
Justice/Police Science. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
obtain evidence for cases of divorce, child custody, or miss-
COURSESPublic Safety and Security: Knowledge of
ing persons or individuals character or financial status.
Observes employees or customers and patrols premises to
detect violations and obtain evidence, using binoculars,
cameras, and television. SKILLSActive Listening: Giv- tions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
stitutions. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
mar. Law and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal
ate times. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning
codes, court procedures, precedents, government regula-
to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative so-
lutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Speak- tions, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic
political process. Telecommunications: Knowledge of
transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and opera-
tion of telecommunications systems. Customer and Per-
priate for the needs of the audience. Judgment and Deci-
sion Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits
of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Com-
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law munications and Media: Knowledge of media produc-
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: tion, communication, and dissemination techniques and
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss- methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and
ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves- entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
P
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

plus degree
Private Sector Executives Growth: 17.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Determine and formulate policies and business strategies system performance and the actions needed to improve or
and provide overall direction of private sector organiza- correct performance relative to the goals of the system. Sys-
tions. Plan, direct, and coordinate operational activities tems Analysis: Determining how a system should work and
at the highest level of management with the help of sub- how changes in conditions, operations, and the environ-
ordinate managers. Directs, plans, and implements poli- ment will affect outcomes. Management of Financial Re-
cies and objectives of organization or business in accordance sources: Determining how money will be spent to get the
with charter and board of directors. Directs activities of work done and accounting for these expenditures.
organization to plan procedures, establish responsibilities,
and coordinate functions among departments and sites.
Analyzes operations to evaluate performance of company
and staff and to determine areas of cost reduction and pro- Management Work and Management of Support Func-
gram improvement. Confers with board members, organi-
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm,
zation officials, and staff members to establish policies and
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man-
formulate plans. Reviews financial statements and sales and
agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral
activity reports to ensure that organizations objectives are
Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government
achieved. Assigns or delegates responsibilities to subordi-
nates. Directs and coordinates activities of business involved Service Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human
Resources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All
with buying and selling investment products and financial
Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Property,
services. Establishes internal control procedures. Presides
Real Estate, and Community Association Managers; Pub-
over or serves on board of directors, management commit-
lic Relations Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and
tees, or other governing boards. Directs inservice training
Distribution Managers; Training and Development Man-
of staff. Administers program for selection of sites, con-
struction of buildings, and provision of equipment and sup- agers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Manag-
ers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers.
plies. Screens, selects, hires, transfers, and discharges
employees. Promotes objectives of institution or business
before associations, public, government agencies, or com-
munity groups. Negotiates or approves contracts with sup-
pliers and distributors and with maintenance, janitorial, and
security providers. Prepares reports and budgets. Directs ing and often deal with business.
non-merchandising departments of business, such as ad- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
vertising, purchasing, credit, and accounting. Directs and Administration and Management, General; Business/
coordinates activities of business or department concerned Commerce, General; Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial
with production, pricing, sales, and/or distribution of prod- Studies; International Business/Trade/Commerce; Public
ucts. Directs and coordinates organizations financial and Administration; Public Administration and Social Service
budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, Professions, Other; Public Policy Analysis. RELATED
and increase efficiency. SKILLSJudgment and Decision KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministration and Man-
Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of po- agement: Knowledge of business and management prin-
tential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Coor- ciples involved in strategic planning, resource allocation,
dination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. human resources modeling, leadership technique, produc-
Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators of tion methods, and coordination of people and resources.
____________________________________ Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con- and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for
tent of the English language, including the meaning and showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This
spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Eco- includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon-
nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and ac- stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Pro-
counting principles and practices, the financial markets, duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials,
banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data. production processes, quality control, costs, and other tech-
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom- niques for maximizing the effective manufacture and dis-
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Sales tribution of goods.
Probation Officers

and Correctional

Growth: 23.8%
Treatment Specialists Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 11.9%
Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law inmates or offenders, such as development of vocational
offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make and educational plans and available social services.
recommendations for actions involving formulation of SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to what
rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including other people are saying, taking time to understand the
conditional release and education and employment stipu- points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
lations. Counsels offender and refers offender to social not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talk-
resources of community for assistance. Interviews offender ing to others to convey information effectively. Judgment
or inmate to determine social progress, individual prob- and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and
lems, needs, interests, and attitude. Conducts follow-up benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropri-
interview with offender or inmate to ascertain progress ate one. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
made. Reviews and evaluates legal and social history and ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
progress of offender or inmate. Conducts prehearing or Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
presentencing investigations and testifies in court. Prepares people.
and maintains case folder for each assigned inmate or of-
fender. Develops and prepares informational packets of
social agencies and assistance organizations and programs
for inmate or offender. Assists offender or inmate with Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family,
matters concerning detainers, sentences in other jurisdic-
tions, writs, and applications for social assistance. Makes
recommendations concerning conditional release or insti-
tutionalization of offender or inmate. Confers with
Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists;
inmates or offenders family to identify needs and prob-
lems and to ensure that family and business are attended Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health
and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Mental Health
to. Informs offender or inmate of requirements of condi-
Counselors; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious Work-
tional release, such as office visits, restitution payments,
ers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social and Human
or educational and employment stipulations. Determines
P
Service Assistants; Social Workers, All Other; Substance
nature and extent of inmates or offenders criminal record
Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors. PERSON-
and current and prospective social problems. Consults with
attorneys, judges, and institution personnel to evaluate ALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently in-
volve working with, communicating with, and teaching
inmates social progress. Formulates rehabilitation plan for
people. These occupations often involve helping or pro-
each assigned offender or inmate. Provides guidance to
viding service to others.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Social and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court

Work. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive
Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth- orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
career counseling and guidance. Psychology: Knowledge fective local, state, or national security operations for the
of human behavior and performance; individual differences protection of people, data, property, and institutions. En-
in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motiva- glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
tion; psychological research methods; and the assessment of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Law ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

plus degree
Producers Growth: 27.1%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Plan and coordinate various aspects of radio, television, agement of Personnel Resources: Motivating, developing,
stage, or motion picture production, such as selecting and directing people as they work, identifying the best
script; coordinating writing, directing and editing; and people for the job. Speaking: Talking to others to convey
arranging financing. Coordinates various aspects of pro- information effectively. Writing: Communicating effectively
duction, such as audio and camera work, music, timing, in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
writing, and staging. Represents network or company in
negotiations with independent producers. Selects scenes
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.01. Managerial
from taped program to be used for promotional purposes.
Work in Arts, Entertainment, and Media. Other Job Titles
Reads manuscript and selects play for stage performance.
in This Work Group: Agents and Business Managers of
Times scene and calculates program timing. Distributes
Artists, Performers, and Athletes; Art Directors; Produc-
rehearsal call sheets and copies of script, arranges for re-
hearsal quarters, and contacts cast members to verify readi- ers and Directors; Program Directors; Technical Directors/
Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic
ness for rehearsal. Establishes management policies,
occupations frequently involve working with forms, de-
production schedules, and operating budgets for produc-
signs, and patterns. They often require self-expression, and
tion. Directs activities of one or more departments of mo-
the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
tion picture studio and prepares rehearsal call sheets and
reports of activities and operating costs. Reviews film, re- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cin-
cordings, or rehearsals to ensure conformance to produc- ematography and Film/Video Production; Directing and
tion and broadcast standards. Produces shows for special Theatrical Production; Drama and Dramatics/Theatre
occasions, such as holiday or testimonial. Obtains and dis- Arts, General; Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft,
tributes costumes, props, music, and studio equipment to Other; Film/Cinema Studies; Radio and Television; The-
complete production. Composes and edits script or out- atre/Theatre Arts Management. RELATED KNOWL-
lines story for screenwriter to write script. Selects and hires EDGE/COURSESCommunications and Media:
cast and staff members and arbitrates personnel disputes. Knowledge of media production, communication, and
Conducts meetings with staff to discuss production progress dissemination techniques and methods. This includes al-
and to ensure production objectives are attained. SKILLS ternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral,
Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac- and visual media. Administration and Management:
tions. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written Knowledge of business and management principles in-
sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Man- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
__________________________________________________________________ Production Helpers
resources modeling, leadership technique, production Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Per- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
sonnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of principles words, rules of composition, and grammar. Fine Arts:
and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train- Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to com-
ing, compensation and benefits, labor relations and nego- pose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual
tiation, and personnel information systems. English arts, drama, and sculpture.

plus degree
Producers and Directors Growth: 27.1%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or mo- Artists, Performers, and Athletes; Art Directors; Produc-
tion picture productions for entertainment, information, ers; Program Directors; Technical Directors/Managers.
or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
as interpretation of script, choice of guests, set design,
sound, special effects, and choreography. SKILLSNo
data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- General; Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft, Other;
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.01. Managerial Film/Cinema Studies; Radio and Television; Theatre/The-
Work in Arts, Entertainment, and Media. Other Job Titles atre Arts Management. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
in This Work Group: Agents and Business Managers of COURSESNo data available.

training
Production Helpers Growth: 11.9%
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 16.2%
Perform variety of tasks requiring limited knowledge of tions equipment or partially assembled product for fur-
production processes in support of skilled production ther processing, manually or using hoist. Removes prod-
workers. Cleans and lubricates equipment. Signals cowork- uct, machine attachments, and waste material from
ers to facilitate moving product during processing. Mea- machine. Reads gauges and charts and records data. Loads
sures amount of ingredients, length of extruded article, or and unloads processing equipment or conveyance used to
work to ensure conformance to specifications. Replaces receive raw materials or to ship finished products. Dumps
damaged or worm equipment parts. Tends equipment to materials into machine hopper prior to mixing. SKILLS
facilitate process. Mixes ingredients according to proce- Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine mainte-
P
dure. Turns valves to regulate flow of liquids or air, to re- nance on equipment and determining when and what kind
verse machine, to start pump, and to regulate equipment. of maintenance is needed. Operation and Control: Con-
Starts machines or equipment to begin process. Marks or trolling operations of equipment or systems. Operation
tags identification on parts. Observes operation and noti- Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators
fies equipment operator of malfunctions. Places or posi- to make sure a machine is working properly. Repairing:
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Repairing machines or systems, using the needed tools. Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
equipment needed to do a job. Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPro-
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting duction processes, quality control, costs, and other
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; distribution of goods. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat- uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering and Technol-
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma- ing science and technology. This includes applying
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex- principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, design and production of various goods and services. Math-
Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma- ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass culus, and statistics and their applications. English
Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and words, rules of composition, and grammar.

training
Production Laborers Growth: 11.9%
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 16.2%
Perform variety of routine tasks to assist in production dards. Mixes ingredients according to formula. Feeds item
activities. Carries or handtrucks supplies to work stations. into processing machine. Inserts parts into partial assem-
Records information such as number of product tested, bly during various stages of assembly to complete prod-
meter readings, and date and time product placed in oven. uct. Counts finished product to determine completion of
Examines product to verify conformance to company stan- production order. Washes machines, equipment, vehicles,
_________________________________________________________________ Production Laborers
and products such as prints, rugs, and table linens. Folds Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
parts of product and final product during processing. Sepa- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
rates product according to weight, grade, size, and coming Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
position of material used to produced product. Cuts or Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
breaks flashing from materials or products. Places prod- chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
uct in equipment or on worksurface for further process- truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
ing, inspecting, or wrapping. Positions spout or chute of Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
storage bin to fill containers during processing. Breaks up chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
defective products for reprocessing. Attaches slings, ropes, Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
cables, or identification tags to objects such as pipes, hoses, Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
and bundles. Weighs raw materials for distribution. Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
Threads ends of items such as thread, cloth, and lace Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
through needles and rollers and around takeup tube. Ties Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
product in bundles for further processing or shipment, Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
following prescribed procedure. Lifts raw materials, final ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
products, and items packed for shipment manually or us- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
ing hoist. Loads and unloads items from machines, con- Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
veyors, and conveyance. SKILLSEquipment Selection: Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
do a job. ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPro-
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, duction and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, pro-
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- duction processes, quality control, costs, and other
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con- techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; distribution of goods. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; ministrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- word processing, managing files and records, stenography
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting cedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowledge of
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; their applications.
P
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Production, Planning, Annual Earnings: $32,420
Growth: 17.9%
and Expediting Clerks Annual Job Openings: 36,000
Self-Employed: 1.7%
Part-Time: 18.8%
Coordinate and expedite the flow of work and materials tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Moni-
within or between departments of an establishment ac- toring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that
cording to production schedule. Duties include review- of other individuals or organizations to make improve-
ing and distributing production, work, and shipment ments or take corrective action. Time Management: Man-
schedules; conferring with department supervisors to aging ones own time and the time of others. Management
determine progress of work and completion dates; and of Material Resources: Obtaining and seeing to the ap-
compiling reports on progress of work, inventory levels, propriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed
costs, and production problems. Reviews documents such to do certain work.
as production schedules, staffing tables, and specifications
to obtain information such as materials, priorities, and
personnel requirements. Compiles schedules and orders, Detail. Work Group: 09.04. Material Control. Other Job
Titles in This Work Group: Meter Readers, Utilities.
such as personnel assignments, production, work flow,
transportation, and maintenance and repair. Monitors
work progress; provides services, such as furnishing per-
mits, tickets, and union information; and directs workers
to expedite work flow. Requisitions and maintains inven-
tory of materials and supplies to meet production demands. clear line of authority to follow.
Calculates figures such as labor and materials amounts, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Parts,
manufacturing costs, and wages, using pricing schedules, Warehousing, and Inventory Management Operations.
adding machine, or calculator. Maintains files, such as RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESClerical Stud-
maintenance records, bills of lading, and cost reports. Ar- ies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures
ranges for delivery and distributes supplies and parts to and systems, such as word processing, managing files and
expedite flow of materials to meet production schedules. records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
Examines documents, materials, and products; monitors and other office procedures and terminology. Production
work processes for completeness, accuracy, and conform- and Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production
ance to standards and specifications. Completes status re- processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
ports, such as production progress, customer information, maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of
and materials inventory. Confers with establishment per- goods. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
sonnel, vendors, and customers to coordinate processing geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
and shipping and to resolve complaints. SKILLSActive Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
saying, taking time to understand the points being made, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for
inappropriate times. Writing: Communicating effectively moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. the relative costs and benefits.
___________________________________________________________________ Program Directors

training
Professional Photographers Growth: 17.0%
Part-Time: 23.1%
Photograph subjects or newsworthy events, using still volve working with forms, designs, and patterns. They
cameras, color or black-and-white film, and variety of often require self-expression, and the work can be done
photographic accessories. Frames subject matter and back- without following a clear set of rules.
ground in lens to capture desired image. Focuses camera
and adjusts settings based on lighting, subject material, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Art/Art
Studies, General; Commercial Photography; Film/Video
distance, and film speed. Selects and assembles equipment
and Photographic Arts, Other; Photography; Photojour-
and required background properties according to subject,
nalism; Visual and Performing Arts, General. RELATED
materials, and conditions. Directs activities of workers as-
sisting in setting up photographic equipment. Arranges
subject material in desired position. Estimates or measures
light level, distance, and number of exposures needed, us- and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama,
and sculpture. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
ing measuring devices and formulas. SKILLSEquip-
ment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and
equipment needed to do a job. Monitoring: Monitoring/
action. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to oth- methods. Geography: Knowledge of principles and meth-
ods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses,
ers actions. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
including their physical characteristics, locations, interre-
problems. Operation and Control: Controlling operations
lationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human
of equipment or systems.
life. Communications and Media: Knowledge of media
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- production, communication, and dissemination tech-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.08. Media Tech- niques and methods. This includes alternative ways to in-
nology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audio form and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
and Video Equipment Technicians; Broadcast Technicians; Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Pic- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. English
ture; Film and Video Editors; Media and Communica- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
tion Equipment Workers, All Other; Photographers; Radio English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Operators; Sound Engineering Technicians. PERSONAL- words, rules of composition, and grammar.
ITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently in-

plus degree
Program Directors Growth: 27.1%
P

Part-Time: 25.3%
Direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in ules and programs, such as sports or news. Directs and
preparation of radio or television station program sched- coordinates activities of personnel engaged in broadcast
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
news, sports, or programming. Establishes work sched- in This Work Group: Agents and Business Managers of
ules and hires, assigns, and evaluates staff. Originates fea- Artists, Performers, and Athletes; Art Directors; Produc-
ture ideas and researches program topics for ers; Producers and Directors; Technical Directors/Man-
implementation. Writes news copy, notes, letters, and agers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
memos, using computer. Examines expenditures to en- Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
sure that programming and broadcasting activities are and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
within budget. Monitors and reviews news and program- leading people and making many decisions. They some-
ming copy and film, using audio or video equipment. times require risk taking and often deal with business.
Directs setup of remote facilities and installs or cancels
programs at remote stations. Evaluates length, content,
and suitability of programs for broadcast. Reviews, cor- tography and Film/Video Production; Directing and The-
rects, and advises member stations concerning programs
General; Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft, Other;
and schedules. Confers with directors and production staff
to discuss issues, such as production and casting prob-
lems, budget, policy, and news coverage. Coordinates ac-
COURSESCommunications and Media: Knowledge
tivities between departments, such as news and
programming. Plans and schedules programming and of media production, communication, and dissemination
techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
event coverage based on length of broadcast and available
to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
station or network time. SKILLSCoordination: Adjust-
dia. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
ing actions in relation to others actions. Writing: Com-
needs of the audience. Management of Personnel Re-
sources: Motivating, developing, and directing people as leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
nation of people and resources. Personnel and Human
they work, identifying the best people for the job. Read-
paragraphs in work-related documents. Time Manage-
nel information systems. English Language: Knowledge
information for both current and future problem-solving of the structure and content of the English language, in-
and decision-making.
position, and grammar. Economics and Accounting:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.01. Managerial practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
Work in Arts, Entertainment, and Media. Other Job Titles and reporting of financial data.
Property, Real Estate,

and Community

Growth: 22.7%
Association Managers Self-Employed: 40.2%
Part-Time: 21.9%
Plan, direct, or coordinate selling, buying, leasing, or repairs, and remodeling or construction projects for com-
governance activities of commercial, industrial, or resi- mercial or residential property. Recruits, hires, and trains
dential real estate properties. Manages and oversees op- managerial, clerical, and maintenance staff or contracts
erations, maintenance, and administrative functions for with vendors for security, maintenance, extermination, or
commercial, industrial, or residential properties. Plans, groundskeeping personnel. Maintains records of sales,
schedules, and coordinates general maintenance, major rental or usage activity, special permits issued, maintenance
_________________________________ Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
and operating costs, or property availability. Develops and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General
administers annual operating budget. Inspects facilities and Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General
equipment and inventories building contents to document Management Work and Management of Support Func-
damage and determine repair needs. Meets with prospec- tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex-
tive leasers to show property, explain terms of occupancy, ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm,
and provide information about local area. Prepares reports Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man-
summarizing financial and operational status of property agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral
or facility. Maintains contact with insurance carrier, fire Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government
and police departments, and other agencies to ensure pro- Service Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human
tection and compliance with codes and regulations. Con- Resources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All
fers with legal authority to ensure that transactions and Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private
terminations of contracts and agreements are in accordance Sector Executives; Public Relations Managers; Purchasing
with court orders, laws, and regulations. Assembles and Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers; Training
analyzes construction and vendor service contract bids. and Development Managers; Transportation, Storage, and
Negotiates for sale, lease, or development of property and Distribution Managers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief
completes or reviews appropriate documents and forms. Financial Officers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterpris-
Purchases building and maintenance supplies, equipment, ing. Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting
or furniture. Directs and coordinates the activities of staff up and carrying out projects. These occupations can in-
and contract personnel and evaluates performance. Inves- volve leading people and making many decisions. They
tigates complaints, disturbances, and violations and re- sometimes require risk taking and often deal with busi-
solves problems following management rules and ness.
regulations. Meets with clients to negotiate management
and service contracts, determine priorities, and discuss fi- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Real Es-
tate. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdmin-
nancial and operational status of property. Directs collec-
tion of monthly assessments, rental fees, and deposits and
payment of insurance premiums, mortgage, taxes, and
incurred operating expenses. SKILLSManagement of
Financial Resources: Determining how money will be
spent to get the work done and accounting for these ex- people and resources. English Language: Knowledge of
penditures. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation
to others actions. Active Listening: Giving full attention
tion, and grammar. Law and Government: Knowledge of
laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, govern-
ment regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the
Management of Personnel Resources: Motivating, devel- democratic political process. Personnel and Human Re-
sources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for per-
sonnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and
best people for the job. Writing: Communicating effec-
benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel
information systems. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
ence. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela- applications.
most appropriate one.
P
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

degree
Psychiatrists Growth: 17.9%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Diagnose, treat, and help prevent disorders of the mind. gists; Anthropologists and Archeologists; Archeologists;
Analyzes and evaluates patient data and test or examina- City Planning Aides; Economists; Historians; Industrial-
tion findings to diagnose nature and extent of mental Organizational Psychologists; Political Scientists; Social
disorder. Prescribes, directs, and administers psychothera- Science Research Assistants; Social Scientists and Related
peutic treatments or medications to treat mental, emo- Workers, All Other; Sociologists; Survey Researchers; Ur-
tional, or behavioral disorders. Examines or conducts ban and Regional Planners. PERSONALITY TYPE
laboratory or diagnostic tests on patient to provide infor- Investigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve
mation on general physical condition and mental disor- working with ideas and require an extensive amount of
der. Reviews and evaluates treatment procedures and thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts
outcomes of other psychiatrists and medical profession- and figuring out problems mentally.
als. Prepares case reports and summaries for government
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Child
agencies. Teaches, conducts research, and publishes find-
Psychiatry; Physical Medical and Rehabilitation/Psychia-
ings to increase understanding of mental, emotional, and
try; Psychiatry. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
behavioral states and disorders. Advises and informs guard-
COURSESPsychology: Knowledge of human behav-
ians, relatives, and significant others of patients condi-
ior and performance; individual differences in ability, per-
tion and treatment. Gathers and maintains patient
information and records, including social and medical sonality, and interests; learning and motivation;
history obtained from patient, relatives, and other profes-
treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. Therapy
sionals. SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware of
and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and
others reactions and understanding why they react as they
procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
do. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Judg-
ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs ing and guidance. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge
of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and
and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap-
propriate one. Writing: Communicating effectively in
writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Ac-
tive Listening: Giving full attention to what other people
made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt- tent of the English language, including the meaning and
ing at inappropriate times. Service Orientation: Actively
looking for ways to help people.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur- ment of training effects.
gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthropolo-
____________________________________________________ Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary

Psychology Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
developmental psychology and psychological counseling. Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci-
Prepares and delivers lectures to students. Stimulates class ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
discussions. Compiles, administers, and grades examina- Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
tions or assigns this work to others. Compiles bibliogra- ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
phies of specialized materials for outside reading Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
assignments. Directs research of other teachers or gradu- Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
ate students working for advanced academic degrees. Ad- Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
vises students on academic and vocational curricula. ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
Conducts research in particular field of knowledge and ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
publishes findings in professional journals. Serves on fac- Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
ulty committee providing professional consulting services Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
to government and industry. Acts as adviser to student Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
organizations. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Un- Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-re- Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
lated documents. Instructing: Teaching others how to do tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
something. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
mation effectively. Active Learning: Understanding the cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
implications of new information for both current and fu- Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
ture problem-solving and decision-making. Learning Strat- Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
egies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
and procedures appropriate for the situation when learn- Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
ing or teaching new things. Active Listening: Giving full and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
attention to what other people are saying, taking time to Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
understand the points being made, asking questions as Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro- Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONAL-
priate for the needs of the audience. ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
vice to others.
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Psychology; Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics;
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Community Psychology; Comparative Psychology; Coun-
P
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth- seling Psychology; Developmental and Child Psychology;
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Educational Psychology; Experimental Psychology; Indus-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, trial and Organizational Psychology; Marriage and Fam-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; ily Therapy/Counseling; Personality Psychology;
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science Physiological Psychology/Psychobiology; Psychology
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Teacher Education; Psychology, General; Psychology,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Other; Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology; School Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indica-
Psychology; Social Psychology; Social Science Teacher tors, and effects on civilizations and cultures. English Lan-
Education. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and English language, including the meaning and spelling of
methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and words, rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology:
instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure- Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
ment of training effects. Sociology and Anthropology: vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, and cultures the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
and their history and origins. History and Archeology: disorders.

plus degree
Public Relations Managers Growth: 36.3%
Self-Employed: 2.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Plan and direct public relations programs designed to Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government
create and maintain a favorable public image for em- Service Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human
ployer or client, or if engaged in fundraising, plan and Resources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All
direct activities to solicit and maintain funds for special Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private
projects and nonprofit organizations. SKILLSNo data Sector Executives; Property, Real Estate, and Community
available. Association Managers; Purchasing Managers; Storage and
Distribution Managers; Training and Development
Managers; Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Man-
agers; Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Offic-
ers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Public
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- Relations/Image Management. RELATED KNOWL-
agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Public Relations Specialists Growth: 36.1%
Self-Employed: 5.6%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Engage in promoting or creating good will for individu- and communication of informational programs designed
als, groups, or organizations by writing or selecting fa- to keep public informed of clients products, accomplish-
vorable publicity material and releasing it through various ments, or agenda. Prepares and distributes fact sheets, news
communications media. May prepare and arrange dis- releases, photographs, scripts, motion pictures, or tape re-
plays and make speeches. Plans and directs development cordings to media representatives and others. Promotes
_______________________________ Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products
sales and/or creates goodwill for clients products, services, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
or persona by coordinating exhibits, lectures, contests, or tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.03. News, Broad-
public appearances. Prepares or edits organizational pub- casting, and Public Relations. Other Job Titles in This
lications, such as newsletters to employees or public or Work Group: Broadcast News Analysts; Caption Writers;
stockholders reports, to favorably present clients view- Interpreters and Translators; Reporters and Correspon-
point. Consults with advertising agencies or staff to ar- dents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterpris-
range promotional campaigns in all types of media for ing occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying
products, organizations, or individuals. Arranges for and out projects. These occupations can involve leading people
conducts public-contact programs designed to meet clients and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk
objectives. Represents client during community projects taking and often deal with business.
and at public, social, and business gatherings. Confers with
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Commu-
production and support personnel to coordinate produc-
nication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric;
tion of advertisements and promotions. Purchases adver-
Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Commu-
tising space and time as required to promote clients
nication; Health Communication; Political Communica-
product or agenda. Counsels clients in effective ways of
tion; Public Relations/Image Management. RELATED
communicating with public. Conducts market and pub-
lic opinion research to introduce or test specific products KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing:
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, pro-
or measure public opinion. Studies needs, objectives, and
moting, and selling products or services. This includes mar-
policies of organization or individual seeking to influence
keting strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales
public opinion or promote specific products. SKILLS
techniques, and sales control systems. Communications and
tively. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading Com- and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes
prehension: Understanding written sentences and para-
and visual media. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
graphs in work-related documents. Persuasion: Persuading
algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
others to change their minds or behavior. Active Listen-
tions. Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission,
broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecom-
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- munications systems. Psychology: Knowledge of human
priate times. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reason-
ity, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
ing to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative
chological research methods; and the assessment and
solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Purchasing Agents, Education/Training Required: Bachelors degree

Except Wholesale, Retail,

Growth: 12.3%
and Farm Products Annual Job Openings: 23,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Purchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts, supplies, users, and vendors to discuss defective or unacceptable
P
or services necessary for the operation of an establish- goods or services and determines corrective action. Main-
ment. Purchase raw or semi-finished materials for manu- tains and reviews computerized or manual records of items
facturing. Negotiates or renegotiates and administers purchased, costs, delivery, product performance, and in-
contracts with suppliers, vendors, and other representa- ventories. Evaluates and monitors contract performance
tives. Arbitrates claims and resolves complaints generated to determine need for changes and to ensure compliance
during performance of contract. Confers with personnel, with contractual obligations. Locates and arranges for
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
purchase of goods and services necessary for efficient op- justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
eration of organization. Analyzes price proposals, finan- ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan Coun-
cial reports, and other data and information to determine selors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management Analysts;
reasonable prices. Prepares purchase orders or bid propos- Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters; Purchas-
als and reviews requisitions for goods and services. Di- ing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Tax Examiners,
rects and coordinates workers activities involving bid Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Training and Develop-
proposals and procurement of goods and services. Formu- ment Specialists; Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
lates policies and procedures for bid proposals and pro- Products. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
curement of goods and services. SKILLSJudgment and prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and ben- carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
efits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
one. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written require risk taking and often deal with business.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Sales,
Distribution, and Marketing Operations, General. RE-
priate for the needs of the audience. Management of Fi-
nancial Resources: Determining how money will be spent
to get the work done and accounting for these expendi- and Management: Knowledge of business and manage-
tures. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
Negotiation: Bringing others together and trying to rec-
oncile differences. Active Listening: Giving full attention
and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic,
priate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. cations. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of eco-
nomic and accounting principles and practices, the
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General financial markets, banking, and the analysis and report-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage- ing of financial data. English Language: Knowledge of
ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: the structure and content of the English language, includ-
Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses- tion, and grammar. Computers and Electronics:
sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic
iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and equipment, and computer hardware and software, includ-
Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job ing applications and programming. Clerical Studies:
Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts; Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and
Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment systems, such as word processing, managing files and
Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe- records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training, and other office procedures and terminology.
and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad-

Radiation Therapists

Growth: 22.8%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 17.5%
Provide radiation therapy to patients as prescribed by a diagnosis; acting as liaison with physician and support-
radiologist according to established practices and stan- ive care personnel; preparing equipment, such as immo-
dards. Duties may include reviewing prescription and bilization, treatment, and protection devices; and
_______________________________________________________________ Radiologic Technicians
maintaining records, reports, and files. May assist in do- cupational Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists;
simetry procedures and tumor localization. Reviews pre- Physical Therapist Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants;
scription, diagnosis, patient chart, and identification. Physical Therapists; Recreational Therapists; Respiratory
Enters data into computer and sets controls to operate Therapists; Respiratory Therapy Technicians; Speech-Lan-
and adjust equipment and regulate dosage. Photographs guage Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONAL-
R
treated area of patient and processes film. Observes and ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
reassures patient during treatment and reports unusual working with, communicating with, and teaching people.
reactions to physician. Follows principles of radiation pro- These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
tection for patient, self, and others. Prepares equipment, vice to others.
such as immobilization, treatment, and protection devices,
and positions patient according to prescription. Acts as EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Medical
Radiologic Technology/ScienceRadiation Therapist.
liaison with physicist and supportive care personnel. Main-
tains records, reports, and files as required. SKILLS
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
ment or systems. Science: Using scientific rules and meth- tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
health-care measures. Computers and Electronics: Knowl-
ods to solve problems. Active Listening: Giving full
edge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equip-
ment, and computer hardware and software, including
applications and programming. English Language: Knowl-
tions. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of com-
position, and grammar. Therapy and Counseling: Knowl-
edge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis,
tions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Writing:
treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dys-
functions and for career counseling and guidance. Cleri-
the needs of the audience.
cal Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and procedures and systems, such as word processing, manag-
Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy. ing files and records, stenography and transcription, de-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; signing forms, and other office procedures and
Massage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Oc- terminology.

Radiologic Technicians

Growth: 23.1%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 17.5%
Maintain and use equipment and supplies necessary to patients bedside. Explains procedures to patient to reduce
demonstrate portions of the human body on X-ray film anxieties and obtain patient cooperation. Positions patient
or fluoroscopic screen for diagnostic purposes. Uses beam- on examining table and adjusts equipment to obtain opti-
restrictive devices and patient-shielding skills to minimize mum view of specific body area requested by physician.
radiation exposure to patient and staff. Moves X-ray equip- SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
ment into position and adjusts controls to set exposure ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
factors, such as time and distance. Operates mobile X-ray Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
equipment in operating room, in emergency room, or at people are saying, taking time to understand the points
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Allied
terrupting at inappropriate times. Operation and Con- Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Profes-
trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. sions, Other; Medical Radiologic Technology/Science
Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and Radiation Therapist; Radiologic Technology/
understanding why they react as they do. Speaking: Talk- ScienceRadiographer. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing to others to convey information effectively. COURSESMedicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and in-
teractions, and preventive health-care measures. English
lar Technologists and Technicians; Diagnostic Medical Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Biology:
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their tis-
Equipment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine Technologists;
sues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions
Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radiologic Technologists;
with each other and the environment. Customer and Per-
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians. PERSONAL- sonal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for
ITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently
involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Comput-
mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
ers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, proces-
chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
sors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware
and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely and software, including applications and programming.
with others.

Radiologic Technologists

Growth: 23.1%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 17.5%
Take X rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioac- ters and receivers, or photograph certain images. Oper-
tive materials into patients bloodstream for diagnostic ates fluoroscope to aid physician to view and guide wire
purposes. Includes technologists who specialize in other or catheter through blood vessels to area of interest. Posi-
modalities, such as computed tomography, ultrasound, tions and immobilizes patient on examining table. Devel-
and magnetic resonance. Operates or oversees operation ops departmental operating budget and coordinates
of radiologic and magnetic imaging equipment to pro- purchase of supplies and equipment. Assigns duties to ra-
duce photographs of the body for diagnostic purposes. diologic staff to maintain patient flows and achieve pro-
Administers oral or injected contrast media to patients. duction goals. Demonstrates new equipment, procedures,
Positions imaging equipment and adjusts controls to set and techniques and provides technical assistance to staff.
exposure time and distance according to specification of Explains procedures and observes patients to ensure safety
examination. Monitors use of radiation safety measures and comfort during scan. Reviews and evaluates devel-
to comply with government regulations and to ensure oped X rays, video tape, or computer-generated informa-
safety of patients and staff. Monitors video display of area tion for technical quality. SKILLSReading
being scanned and adjusts density or contrast to improve Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
picture quality. Keys commands and data into computer paragraphs in work-related documents. Operation and
to document and specify scan sequences, adjust transmit- Control: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
_________________________________________________ Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Allied

indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Profes-
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. sions, Other; Medical Radiologic Technology/Science
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Radiation Therapist; Radiologic Technology/
equipment needed to do a job. Critical Thinking: Using ScienceRadiographer. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
R
logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weak- COURSESMedicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the
nesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
to problems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes
what other people are saying, taking time to understand symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and
the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, interactions, and preventive health-care measures. Com-
and not interrupting at inappropriate times. puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
gramming. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal or-
ganisms and their tissues, cells, functions,
lar Technologists and Technicians; Diagnostic Medical
interdependencies, and interactions with each other and
Sonographers; Health Technologists and Technicians, All the environment. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical
Equipment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine Technologists;
Orthotists and Prosthetists; Radiologic Technicians; Ra-
diologic Technologists and Technicians. PERSONALITY
methods. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of rel-
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve evant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
stitutions.

Radiologic Technologists

Growth: 23.1%
and Technicians Annual Job Openings: 13,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 17.5%
Take X rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioac- Other; Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians; Medi-
tive materials into patients blood stream for diagnostic cal and Clinical Laboratory Technologists; Medical Equip-
purposes. Includes technologists who specialize in other ment Preparers; Nuclear Medicine Technologists; Orthotists
modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic and Prosthetists; Radiologic Technicians; Radiologic Tech-
resonance. Includes workers whose primary duties are nologists. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
to demonstrate portions of the human body on X-ray
film or fluoroscopic screen. SKILLSNo data available. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Allied
Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Profes-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and sions, Other; Medical Radiologic Technology/Science
Health Services. Work Group: 14.05. Medical Technol- Radiation Therapist; Radiologic Technology/Science
ogy. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cardiovascu- Radiographer. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
lar Technologists and Technicians; Diagnostic Medical COURSESNo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Real Estate Brokers Growth: 9.6%
Part-Time: 16.6%
Operate real estate office or work for commercial real tives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and
estate firm, overseeing real estate transactions. Other Scientific Products; Service Station Attendants; Stock
duties usually include selling real estate or renting prop- Clerks, Sales Floor; Travel Agents. PERSONALITY
erties and arranging loans. SKILLSNo data available. TYPENo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Real
Marketing. Work Group: 10.03. General Sales. Other Job Estate. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Titles in This Work Group: Parts Salespersons; Real Es- No data available.
tate Sales Agents; Retail Salespersons; Sales Representa-

vocational training
Real Estate Sales Agents Growth: 9.5%
Part-Time: 16.6%
Rent, buy, or sell property for clients. Perform duties such undeveloped areas for building sites, based on evaluation
as studying property listings, interviewing prospective of area market conditions. Collects rental deposit. Reviews
clients, accompanying clients to property site, discussing plans, recommends construction features to client, and
conditions of sale, and drawing up real estate contracts. enumerates options on new home sales. Solicits and com-
Includes agents who represent buyer. Displays and explains piles listings of available rental property. Answers clients
features of property to client and discusses conditions of questions regarding work under construction, financing,
sale or terms of lease. Prepares real estate contracts, such as maintenance, repairs, and appraisals. Interviews prospec-
closing statements, deeds, leases, and mortgages, and ne- tive tenants and records information to ascertain needs and
gotiates loans on property. Oversees signing of real estate qualifications. Contacts utility companies for service
documents, disburses funds, and coordinates closing ac- hookup to clients property. Conducts seminars and train-
tivities. Secures construction financing with own firm or ing sessions for sales agents to improve sales techniques.
mortgage company. Inspects condition of premises and SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to what
arranges for or notifies owner of necessary maintenance. other people are saying, taking time to understand the
Reviews trade journals and relevant literature and attends points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
staff and association meetings to remain knowledgeable not interrupting at inappropriate times. Persuasion: Per-
about real estate market. Searches public records to ascer- suading others to change their minds or behavior. Speak-
tain that client has clear title to property. Investigates clients ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
financial and credit status to determine eligibility for fi- Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences
nancing. Plans and organizes sales promotion programs and and paragraphs in work-related documents. Mathematics:
materials, including newspaper advertisements and real Using mathematics to solve problems. Judgment and De-
estate promotional booklets. Appraises clients unimproved cision Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits
property to determine loan value. Locates and appraises of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
____________________________________________________ Receptionists and Information Clerks
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Law
Marketing. Work Group: 10.03. General Sales. Other Job and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court
Titles in This Work Group: Parts Salespersons; Real Es- procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive
tate Brokers; Retail Salespersons; Sales Representatives, orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Sci- Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
R
entific Products; Service Station Attendants; Stock Clerks, etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Eco-
Sales Floor; Travel Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEn- nomics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
terprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
can involve leading people and making many decisions. Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
They sometimes require risk taking and often deal with ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
business. ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Real Es-
nation of people and resources. English Language: Knowl-
tate. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and
showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This position, and grammar.

training
Receptionists and Annual Earnings: $20,650
Growth: 23.7%
Information Clerks Annual Job Openings: 269,000
Self-Employed: 3.1%
Part-Time: 35.1%
Answer inquiries and obtain information for general records receipts for services. Conducts tours or delivers
public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties. talks describing features of public facility, such as historic
Provide information regarding activities conducted at site or national park. Hears and resolves complaints from
establishment and location of departments, offices, and customers and public. Files and maintains records. En-
employees within organization. Greets persons entering rolls individuals to participate in programs, prepares lists,
establishment, determines nature and purpose of visit, and notifies individuals of acceptance in programs, and arranges
directs visitor to specific destination or answers questions and schedules space and equipment for participants. Types
and provides information. Provides information to public memos, correspondence, travel vouchers, or other docu-
concerning available land leases, land classification, or ments. Calculates and quotes rates for tours, stocks, in-
mineral resources. Registers visitors of public facility, such surance policies, and other products and services. Collects
as national park or military base; collects fees; explains and distributes messages for employees of organization.
regulations; and assigns sites. Answers telephone to sched- Analyzes data to determine answer to customer or public
ule future appointments, provide information, or forward inquiry. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understand-
call. Provides information to public regarding tours, classes, ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
workshops, and other programs. Transmits information ments. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
or documents to customer, using computer, mail, or fac- other people are saying, taking time to understand the
simile. Records, compiles, enters, and retrieves informa- points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
tion by hand or using computer. Operates telephone not interrupting at inappropriate times. Service Orienta-
switchboard to receive incoming calls. Performs duties such tion: Actively looking for ways to help people. Speaking:
as taking care of plants and straightening magazines to Talking to others to convey information effectively.
maintain lobby or reception area. Monitors facility to Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro-
ensure compliance with regulations. Receives payment and priate for the needs of the audience.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business ist; Receptionist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job COURSESClerical Studies: Knowledge of administra-
Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and tive and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro-
Account Collectors; Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks; cessing, managing files and records, stenography and
Customer Service Representatives; Customer Service Rep- transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures
resentatives, Utilities; Gaming Cage Workers; Gaming and terminology. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
Change Persons and Booth Cashiers; New Accounts edge of principles and processes for providing customer
Clerks; Order Clerks; Tellers; Travel Clerks. PERSON- and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
ALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
frequently involve following set procedures and routines. ation of customer satisfaction. English Language:
These occupations can include working with data and Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
of authority to follow. rules of composition, and grammar. Telecommunications:
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, con-
trol, and operation of telecommunications systems. Math-
Office Occupations and Clerical Services; Health Unit
Coordinator/Ward Clerk; Medical Reception/Reception- calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Recreation and

Fitness Studies Teachers, Growth: 23.5%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fit- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
ness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
management. SKILLSNo data available. Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONALITY TYPE
No data available.
_________________________________________________________________ Recreation Workers
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health agement. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo

and Physical Education, General; Parks, Recreation and data available.
Leisure Studies; Sport and Fitness Administration/Man-
R
Recreation Workers Growth: 20.1%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 14.0%
Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, pri- Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help people.
vate, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Orga- Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and
nize and promote activities such as arts and crafts, sports, understanding why they react as they do. Time Manage-
games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and ment: Managing ones own time and the time of others.
hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of
individual members. Organizes, leads, and promotes in- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation,
terest in facility activities, such as arts, crafts, sports, games,
Recreational Services. Other Job Titles in This Work
camping, and hobbies. Conducts recreational activities and
Group: Amusement and Recreation Attendants; Enter-
instructs participants to develop skills in provided activi-
tainment Attendants and Related Workers, All Other;
ties. Arranges for activity requirements, such as entertain-
Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Runners; Gaming
ment and setup of equipment and decorations. Schedules
facility activities and maintains record of programs. Ex- Dealers; Gaming Service Workers, All Other; Motion Pic-
ture Projectionists; Slot Key Persons; Tour Guides and
plains principles, techniques, and safety procedures of fa-
Escorts; Travel Guides; Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and
cility activities to participants and demonstrates use of
Ticket Takers. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social
material and equipment. Ascertains and interprets group
occupations frequently involve working with, communi-
interests, evaluates equipment and facilities, and adapts
cating with, and teaching people. These occupations of-
activities to meet participant needs. Meets and collabo-
rates with agency personnel, community organizations, ten involve helping or providing service to others.
and other professional personnel to plan balanced recre- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Health
ational programs for participants. Enforces rules and regu- and Physical Education/Fitness, Other; Parks, Recreation,
lations of facility, maintains discipline, and ensures safety. and Leisure Facilities Management; Parks, Recreation, and
Greets and introduces new arrivals to other guests, ac- Leisure Studies; Parks, Recreation, Leisure, and Fitness
quaints arrivals with facilities, and encourages group par- Studies, Other; Sport and Fitness Administration/Man-
ticipation. Tests and documents content of swimming pool agement. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
water and schedules maintenance and use of facilities. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles
Supervises and coordinates work activities of personnel, and processes for providing customer and personal ser-
trains staff, and assigns duties. Schedules maintenance and vices. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting
use of facilities. Evaluates staff performance and records quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer
reflective information on performance evaluation forms. satisfaction. Administration and Management: Knowl-
Completes and maintains time and attendance forms and edge of business and management principles involved in
inventory lists. Meets with staff to discuss rules, regula- strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
tions, and work-related problems. Administers first aid modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
according to prescribed procedures or notifies emergency coordination of people and resources. Education and
medical personnel when necessary. Assists management Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur-
to resolve complaints. SKILLSCoordination: Adjust- riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
ing actions in relation to others actions. Speaking: Talk- individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
ing to others to convey information effectively. Service
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
effects. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and formance; individual differences in ability, personality, and
content of the English language, including the meaning interests; learning and motivation; psychological research
and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram- methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral
mar. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and per- and affective disorders.

training
Recreational Vehicle Service Annual Earnings: $26,410
Growth: 25.4%
Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 5.9%
Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaul recreational paragraphs in work-related documents. Active Listening:
vehicles, including travel trailers. May specialize in main- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak-
taining gas, electrical, hydraulic, plumbing, or chassis/ ing time to understand the points being made, asking
towing systems as well as repairing generators, appliances, questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
and interior components. Locates and repairs frayed wir- priate times. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind
ing, broken connections, or incorrect wiring, using ohm- of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
meter, soldering iron, tape, and hand tools. Repairs
plumbing and propane gas lines, using caulking com-
pounds and plastic or copper pipe. Removes damaged ex-
terior panels, repairs and replaces structural frame
members, and seals leaks, using hand tools. Connects elec- Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine
trical system to outside power source and activates switches
to test operation of appliances and light fixtures. Confers
with customer or reads work order to determine nature
and extent of damage to unit. Seals open side of modular
units to prepare them for shipment, using polyethylene
sheets, nails, and hammer. Resets hardware, using chisel, Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders;
mallet, and screwdriver. Refinishes wood surfaces on cabi-
nets, doors, moldings, and floors, using power sander,
putty, spray equipment, brush, paints, or varnishes. Opens
and closes doors, windows, and drawers to test their op-
eration and trims edges to fit, using jack-plane or
drawknife. Lists parts needed, estimates costs, and plans pliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool Repair-
work procedure, using parts list, technical manuals, and
diagrams. Connects water hose to inlet pipe of plumbing
system and tests operation of toilets and sinks. Repairs
leaks with caulking compound or replaces pipes, using pipe
wrench. Inspects, examines, and tests operation of parts
or systems to be repaired and to verify completeness of Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; Maintenance and Repair
Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machinery;
work performed. SKILLSInstallation: Installing equip-
ment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifica-
tions. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using
the needed tools. Troubleshooting: Determining causes
of operating errors and deciding what to do about them.
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Read- ics; Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic
Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers;
_________________________________________ Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuilding and Construc-
chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion tion: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved
Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
and Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers; structures, such as highways and roads. Principles of Me-
Railroad Inspectors; Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers chanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, in-
R
and Tuners; Refrigeration Mechanics; Stringed Instrument cluding their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers and Changers; Valve Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical
and Regulator Repairers; Watch Repairers. PERSONAL- application of engineering science and technology. This
ITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
involve work activities that include practical, hands-on equipment to the design and production of various goods
problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani- and services. Design: Knowledge of design techniques,
mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma- tools, and principles involved in production of precision
chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Cus-
and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
with others. processes for providing customer and personal services. This
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Vehicle dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Maintenance and Repair Technologies, Other. RELATED

Refractory Materials training
Repairers, Except Growth: 11.5%
Brickmasons Self-Employed: 3.0%
Part-Time: 2.1%
Build or repair furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, convert- tamps clay in mold, using tamping tool. Mixes specified
ers, ladles, soaking pits, ovens, etc., using refractory amounts of sand, clay, mortar powder, and water to form
materials. Relines or repairs ladle and pouring spout with refractory clay or mortar, using shovel or mixing machine.
refractory clay, using trowel. Dries and bakes new lining Tightens locknuts holding assembly together, spreads
by placing inverted lining over burner, building fire in mortar on jacket to seal sleeve joints, and dries mortar in
ladle, or using blowtorch. Fastens stopper head to rod with oven. Climbs scaffolding with hose and sprays surfaces of
metal pin to assemble refractory stopper used to plug pour- cupola with refractory mixture, using spray equipment.
ing nozzles of steel ladles. Drills holes in furnace wall, bolts Transfers clay structures to curing ovens, melting tanks,
overlapping layers of plastic to walls, and hammers sur- and drawing kilns, using electric forklift truck. Chips slag
face to compress layers into solid sheets. Spreads mortar from lining of ladle or removes entire lining when beyond
on stopper head and rod, using trowel, and slides brick repair, using hammer and chisel. Installs preformed metal
sleeves over rod to form refractory jacket. Installs clay struc- scaffolding in interior of cupola, using hand tools.
tures in melting tanks and drawing kilns to control flow SKILLSRepairing: Repairing machines or systems, us-
and temperature of molten glass, using hoists and hand ing the needed tools. Equipment Selection: Determining
tools. Measures furnace wall and cuts required number of the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Op-
sheets from plastic block, using saw. Bolts sections of eration and Control: Controlling operations of equipment
wooden mold together, using wrench, and lines mold with or systems. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
paper to prevent adherence of clay to mold. Removes worn problems. Installation: Installing equipment, machines,
or damaged plastic block refractory lining of furnace, us- wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
ing hand tools. Disassembles mold and cuts, chips, and
smoothes clay structures, such as floaters, drawbars, and
L-blocks, using square rule and hand tools. Dumps and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet the occupations require working outside and do not in-
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial
Mechanics and Maintenance Technology. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuilding and Construc-
tion: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
structures, such as highways and roads. Principles of Me-
lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work- chanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, in-
cluding their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying and services. Production and Processing: Knowledge of
and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu-
facture and distribution of goods. Physics: Knowledge and
Maintenance Equipment Operators; Reinforcing Iron and
prediction of physical principles and laws and their inter-
Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Se-
ers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; material, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, elec-
Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron
and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finish-
ers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPE
solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real- duction techniques, and disposal methods.

training
Refrigeration Mechanics Growth: 22.3%
Part-Time: 4.9%
Install and repair industrial and commercial refrigerat- nects pipe to functional components and water, power, or
ing systems. Mounts compressor, condenser, and other refrigeration system. Keeps records of repairs and replace-
components in specified location on frame, using hand ments made and causes of malfunctions. Reads blueprints
tools and acetylene welding equipment. Assembles struc- to determine location, size, capacity, and type of compo-
tural and functional components, such as controls, nents needed to build refrigeration system. Tests lines,
switches, gauges, wiring harnesses, valves, pumps, com- components, and connections for leaks. Lays out refer-
pressors, condensers, cores, and pipes. Replaces or adjusts ence points for installation of structural and functional
defective or worn parts to repair system and reassembles components, using measuring instruments. Dismantles
system. Installs expansion and control valves, using acety- malfunctioning systems and tests components, using elec-
lene torch and wrenches. Cuts, bends, threads, and con- trical, mechanical, and pneumatic testing equipment.
______________________________________________________________ Refrigeration Mechanics
Observes system operation, using gauges and instruments, cians; Medical Equipment Repairers; Meter Mechanics;
and adjusts or replaces mechanisms and parts according Millwrights; Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Ex-
to specifications. Adjusts valves according to specifications cept Engines; Motorboat Mechanics; Motorcycle Mechan-
and charges system with specified type of refrigerant. Lifts ics; Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Ophthalmic
and aligns components into position, using hoist or block Laboratory Technicians; Optical Instrument Assemblers;
R
and tackle. Drills holes and installs mounting brackets and Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Me-
hangers into floor and walls of building. Fabricates and chanics; Painters, Transportation Equipment; Percussion
assembles components and structural portions of refrig- Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Precision Instrument
eration system, using hand tools, powered tools, and weld- and Equipment Repairers, All Other; Rail Car Repairers;
ing equipment. Brazes or solders parts to repair defective Railroad Inspectors; Recreational Vehicle Service Techni-
joints and leaks. SKILLSInstallation: Installing equip- cians; Reed or Wind Instrument Repairers and Tuners;
ment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifica- Stringed Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Tire Repairers
tions. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, using and Changers; Valve and Regulator Repairers; Watch Re-
the needed tools. Troubleshooting: Determining causes pairers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
of operating errors and deciding what to do about them. cupations frequently involve work activities that include
Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspec- practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
tions of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
or performance. Equipment Maintenance: Performing wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
routine maintenance on equipment and determining when quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
and what kind of maintenance is needed. work or working closely with others.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Heating,
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.03. Mechani- Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Technology/Techni-
cal Work. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aircraft cian (ACH/ACR/ACHR/HRAC/HVAC/AC Technol-
Body and Bonded Structure Repairers; Aircraft Engine ogy); Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation, and
Specialists; Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians; Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC,
Airframe-and-Power-Plant Mechanics; Automotive Body HACR, HVAC, HVACR) . RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
and Related Repairers; Automotive Glass Installers and COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Repairers; Automotive Master Mechanics; Automotive edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
Service Technicians and Mechanics; Automotive Specialty repair, and maintenance. Engineering and Technology:
Technicians; Bicycle Repairers; Bridge and Lock Tenders; Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci-
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists; ence and technology. This includes applying principles,
Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers; Coin, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and
Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repair- production of various goods and services. Design: Knowl-
ers; Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
Mechanical Door; Farm Equipment Mechanics; Gas Ap- in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
pliance Repairers; Hand and Portable Power Tool Repair- drawings, and models. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
ers; Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics; Heating, administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and In- as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
stallers; HelpersElectricians; HelpersInstallation, phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
Maintenance, and Repair Workers; Industrial Machinery procedures and terminology. Building and Construction:
Mechanics; Keyboard Instrument Repairers and Tuners; Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
Locksmiths and Safe Repairers; Maintenance and Repair the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
Workers, General; Maintenance Workers, Machinery; structures, such as highways and roads.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Refuse and Recyclable Annual Earnings: $23,850
Growth: 16.6%
Material Collectors Annual Job Openings: 34,000
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 11.0%
Collect and dump refuse or recyclable materials from Moving Workers, All Other; Packers and Packagers, Hand;
containers into truck. May drive truck. Drives truck. Starts Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers; Tank Car,
hoisting device that raises refuse bin attached to rear of Truck, and Ship Loaders. PERSONALITY TYPEReal-
truck and dumps contents into opening in enclosed truck istic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work activi-
body. SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling ties that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions.
operations of equipment or systems. Operation Monitor- They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world mate-
ing: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make rials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
sure a machine is working properly. Troubleshooting: tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what paperwork or working closely with others.
to do about them.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Production. Work Group: 08.07. Hands-on Work: Load- Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for
ing, Moving, Hoisting, and Conveying. Other Job Titles moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
in This Work Group: Conveyor Operators and Tenders; the relative costs and benefits. Principles of Mechanical
Crane and Tower Operators; Dragline Operators; Excavat- Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
ing and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators; Freight, designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Geography: Knowl-
Stock, and Material Movers, Hand; Hoist and Winch Op- edge of principles and methods for describing the features
erators; Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators; Irradiated- of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical char-
Fuel Handlers; Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material acteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution
Movers, Hand; Machine Feeders and Offbearers; Material of plant, animal, and human life.

Registered Nurses

Growth: 25.6%
Self-Employed: 0.9%
Part-Time: 26.3%
Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and tice nursing is practiced by RNs who have specialized
implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical formal, post-basic education and who function in highly
records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, conva- autonomous and specialized roles. Provides health care,
lescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on first aid, and immunization in facilities such as schools,
health maintenance and disease prevention or provide hospitals, and industry. Observes patients skin color, di-
case management. Licensing or registration required. lation of pupils, and computerized equipment to monitor
Includes advance practice nurses such as nurse practitio- vital signs. Administers local, inhalation, intravenous, and
ners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse midwives, other anesthetics. Orders, interprets, and evaluates diag-
and certified registered nurse anesthetists. Advanced prac- nostic tests to identify and assess patients condition. Pre-
___________________________________________________________________ Registered Nurses
scribes or recommends drugs or other forms of treatment, Pharmacy Technicians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and
such as physical therapy, inhalation therapy, or related Surgeons, All Other; Psychiatrists; Surgeons; Surgical Tech-
therapeutic procedures. Refers students or patients to com- nologists. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social occu-
munity agencies furnishing assistance and cooperates with pations frequently involve working with, communicating
agencies. Delivers infants and performs postpartum ex- with, and teaching people. These occupations often in-
R
aminations and treatment. Instructs on topics such as volve helping or providing service to others.
health education, disease prevention, childbirth, and home
nursing and develops health improvement programs. Ad-
Health Nurse/Nursing; Clinical Nurse Specialist; Critical
vises and consults with specified personnel concerning
Care Nursing; Family Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioner;
necessary precautions to be taken to prevent possible con-
tamination or infection. Administers stipulated emergency Maternal/Child Health and Neonatal Nurse/Nursing;
Nurse Anesthetist; Nurse Midwife/Nursing Midwifery;
measures and contacts obstetrician when deviations from
NursingRegistered Nurse Training (RN, ASN, BSN,
standard are encountered during pregnancy or delivery.
MSN); Nursing Science (MS, PhD); Nursing, Other;
Informs physician of patients condition during anesthe-
Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing; Pedi-
sia. Discusses cases with physician or obstetrician. Pro-
atric Nurse/Nursing; Perioperative/Operating Room and
vides prenatal and postnatal care to obstetrical patients
under supervision of obstetrician. Contracts independently Surgical Nurse/Nursing; Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/
Nursing; Public Health/Community Nurse/Nursing.
to render nursing care, usually to one patient, in hospital
or private home. Directs and coordinates infection con-
trol program in hospital. Maintains stock of supplies.
Conducts specified laboratory tests. Prepares rooms, ster-
ile instruments, equipment, and supplies; hands items to
surgeon. Prepares patients for and assists with examina- tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
health-care measures. Biology: Knowledge of plant and
tions. Records patients medical information and vital signs.
environment. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- personal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
terrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking to
customer satisfaction. Chemistry: Knowledge of the
others to convey information effectively. Service Orienta-
tion: Actively looking for ways to help people. Instruct-
ing: Teaching others how to do something.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
Health Services. Work Group: 14.02. Medicine and Sur- and disposal methods. Therapy and Counseling: Knowl-
gery. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anesthesi- edge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagno-
ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists, sis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental
General; Medical Assistants; Obstetricians and Gynecolo- dysfunctions and for career counseling and guidance.
gists; Pediatricians, General; Pharmacists; Pharmacy Aides;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Rehabilitation Counselors Growth: 23.6%
Self-Employed: 0.6%
Part-Time: 18.0%
Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious
employability of persons coping with personal, social, Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists;
and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health
illness, disease, accidents, or the stress of daily life. Co- and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Mental Health
ordinate activities for residents of care and treatment fa- Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional Treat-
cilities. Assess client needs and design and implement ment Specialists; Religious Workers, All Other; Residen-
rehabilitation programs that may include personal and tial Advisors; Social and Human Service Assistants; Social
vocational counseling, training, and job placement. Workers, All Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Dis-
SKILLSNo data available. order Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
available.
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Assistive/
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, Augmentative Technology and Rehabilitation Engineer-
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists; ing; Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling/Counselor.
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data
nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling available.

training
Reinforcing Iron and Annual Earnings: $34,750
Growth: 17.5%
Rebar Workers Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 4.9%
Position and secure steel bars or mesh in concrete forms GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety of fasteners, tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
rod-bending machines, blowtorches, and hand tools. struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
Determines number, sizes, shapes, and locations of rein- Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
forcing rods from blueprints, sketches, or oral instructions. ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
Selects and places rods in forms, spacing and fastening Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
them together, using wire and pliers. Bends steel rods with Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
hand tools and rod-bending machine. Cuts rods to re- Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
quired lengths, using hacksaw, bar cutters, or acetylene Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
torch. Reinforces concrete with wire mesh. Welds rein- Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
forcing bars together, using arch-welding equipment. ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention to what and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
other people are saying, taking time to understand the Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
not interrupting at inappropriate times. ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
_____________________________________________ Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents
Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Con-

neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators; struction Trades, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers; COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators; materials, methods, and tools involved in the construc-
Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
R
Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumb- such as highways and roads. Design: Knowledge of de-
ers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and sign techniques, tools, and principles involved in produc-
Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi- tion of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Riggers; Roofers; Rough models. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; practical application of engineering science and technol-
Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; dures, and equipment to the design and production of
Structural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers various goods and services. Physics: Knowledge and pre-
and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSONALITY diction of physical principles and laws and their interrela-
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve tionships and applications to understanding fluid, material,
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes. Math-
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
of the occupations require working outside and do not culus, and statistics and their applications.

training
Reservation and Annual Earnings: $24,090
Growth: 14.5%
Transportation Ticket Agents Annual Job Openings: 39,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 31.7%
Make and confirm reservations for passengers and sell bus companies, railroad companies, and steamship lines.
tickets for transportation agencies such as airlines, bus Checks baggage and directs passenger to designated loca-
companies, railroads, and steamship lines. May check tion for loading. Assigns specified space to customers and
baggage and direct passengers to designated concourse, maintains computerized inventory of passenger space avail-
pier, or track. Arranges reservations and routing for pas- able. Determines whether space is available on travel dates
sengers at request of Ticket Agent. Examines passenger requested by customer. SKILLSService Orientation:
ticket or pass to direct passenger to specified area for load- Actively looking for ways to help people. Active Listen-
ing. Plans route and computes ticket cost, using sched- ing: Giving full attention to what other people are saying,
ules, rate books, and computer. Reads coded data on tickets taking time to understand the points being made, asking
to ascertain destination, marks tickets, and assigns board- questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
ing pass. Assists passengers requiring special assistance to priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
board or depart conveyance. Informs travel agents in other mation effectively. Reading Comprehension:
locations of space reserved or available. Sells travel insur- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
ance. Announces arrival and departure information, us- related documents. Coordination: Adjusting actions in
ing public-address system. Telephones customer or ticket relation to others actions.
agent to advise of changes with travel conveyance or to
confirm reservation. Sells and assembles tickets for trans-
mittal or mailing to customers. Answers inquiries made
Transportation and Lodging Services. Other Job Titles in
to travel agencies or transportation firms, such as airlines,
This Work Group: Baggage Porters and Bellhops; Con-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
cierges; Flight Attendants; Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including
Clerks; Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and the relative costs and benefits. Geography: Knowledge of
Travel Clerks; Transportation Attendants, Except Flight principles and methods for describing the features of land,
Attendants and Baggage Porters. PERSONALITY sea, and air masses, including their physical characteris-
TYPEConventional. Conventional occupations fre- tics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant,
quently involve following set procedures and routines. animal, and human life. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
These occupations can include working with data and administrative and clerical procedures and systems, such
details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line as word processing, managing files and records, stenogra-
of authority to follow. phy and transcription, designing forms, and other office
procedures and terminology. Computers and Electron-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Selling ics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, elec-
Skills and Sales Operations; Tourism and Travel Services
Marketing Operations; Tourism Promotion Operations.
including applications and programming. English Lan-
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCustomer
and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan- ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
Transportation: Knowledge of principles and methods for

Reservation and training
Transportation Ticket Growth: 14.5%
Agents and Travel Clerks Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 31.7%
Make and confirm reservations and sell tickets to pas- This Work Group: Baggage Porters and Bellhops; Con-
sengers for large hotel or motel chains. May check bag- cierges; Flight Attendants; Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk
gage and direct passengers to designated concourse, pier, Clerks; Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents;
or track; make reservations; deliver tickets; arrange for Transportation Attendants, Except Flight Attendants and
visas; contact individuals and groups to inform them of Baggage Porters. PERSONALITY TYPENo data avail-
package tours; or provide tourists with travel informa- able.
tion, such as points of interest, restaurants, rates, and
emergency service. SKILLSNo data available.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, Marketing Operations; Tourism Promotion Operations.
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.03. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data
Transportation and Lodging Services. Other Job Titles in available.
_________________________________________________________________ Residential Advisors

on-the-job training
Residential Advisors Growth: 24.0%
R
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 18.0%
Coordinate activities for residents of boarding schools, Activities and Education; Marriage and Family Therapists;
college fraternities or sororities, college dormitories, or Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health
similar establishments. Order supplies and determine and Substance Abuse Social Workers; Mental Health
need for maintenance, repairs, and furnishings. May Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional Treat-
maintain household records and assign rooms. May re- ment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious
fer residents to counseling resources if needed. Assigns Workers, All Other; Social and Human Service Assistants;
room, assists in planning recreational activities, and su- Social Workers, All Other; Substance Abuse and Behav-
pervises work and study programs. Orders supplies and ioral Disorder Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPESo-
determines need for maintenance, repairs, and furnish- cial. Social occupations frequently involve working with,
ings. Ascertains need for and secures service of physician. communicating with, and teaching people. These occu-
Chaperons group-sponsored trips and social functions. pations often involve helping or providing service to oth-
Plans menus of meals for residents of establishment. Sorts ers.
and distributes mail. Answers telephone. Hires and super-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Hotel/
vises activities of housekeeping personnel. Escorts indi-
Motel Administration/Management. RELATED
viduals on trips outside establishment for shopping or to
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCustomer and Personal
obtain medical or dental services. Compiles records of daily
activities of residents. Counsels residents in identifying Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for pro-
viding customer and personal services. This includes cus-
and resolving social and other problems. SKILLSSo-
tomer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
cial Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Psychol-
understanding why they react as they do. Active Listen-
ogy: Knowledge of human behavior and performance;
individual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
priate times. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation
tive disorders. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
to others actions. Speaking: Talking to others to convey
information effectively. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
tions and for career counseling and guidance.
lems. Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.02. Social Services. leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Child, Family, nation of people and resources. Personnel and Human
and School Social Workers; Clergy; Clinical Psychologists; Resources: Knowledge of principles and procedures for
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists; Commu- personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation
nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and person-
Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious nel information systems.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Respiratory Therapists

Growth: 34.8%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 20.8%
Assess, treat, and care for patients with breathing disor- conclusions, or approaches to problems. Active Learning:
ders. Assume primary responsibility for all respiratory care Understanding the implications of new information for both
modalities, including the supervision of respiratory current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
therapy technicians. Initiate and conduct therapeutic pro-
cedures; maintain patient records; and select, assemble, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
check, and operate equipment. Sets up and operates de-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; Mas-
vices such as mechanical ventilators, therapeutic gas admin-
sage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Occupa-
istration apparatus, environmental control systems, and
tional Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists;
aerosol generators. Operates equipment to administer me-
dicinal gases and aerosol drugs to patients following speci-
fied parameters of treatment. Reads prescription, measures Physical Therapists; Radiation Therapists; Recreational
arterial blood gases, and reviews patient information to as-
guage Pathologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONALITY
sess patient condition. Monitors patients physiological re-
sponses to therapy, such as vital signs, arterial blood gases,
involve working with ideas and require an extensive amount
and blood chemistry changes. Performs pulmonary func-
of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for
tion and adjusts equipment to obtain optimum results to
therapy. Inspects and tests respiratory therapy equipment facts and figuring out problems mentally.
to ensure equipment is functioning safely and efficiently. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Respira-
Determines requirements for treatment, such as type and tory Care Therapy/Therapist. RELATED KNOWL-
duration of therapy and medication and dosages. Deter- EDGE/COURSESMedicine and Dentistry: Knowledge
mines most suitable method of administering inhalants, of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and
precautions to be observed, and potential modifications treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This in-
needed, compatible with physicians orders. Performs bron- cludes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties
chopulmonary drainage and assists patient in performing and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
breathing exercises. Consults with physician in event of Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and
adverse reactions. Maintains patients chart, which contains their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and in-
pertinent identification and therapy information. Orders teractions with each other and the environment. Therapy
repairs when necessary. Demonstrates respiratory care pro- and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and
cedures to trainees and other health care personnel. procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ- physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. ing and guidance. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemi-
Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help cal composition, structure, and properties of substances
people. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other and of the chemical processes and transformations that
people are saying, taking time to understand the points being they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their
made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupt- interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and
ing at inappropriate times. Monitoring: Monitoring/As- disposal methods. Psychology: Knowledge of human be-
sessing your performance or that of other individuals or havior and performance; individual differences in ability,
organizations to make improvements or take corrective ac- personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
tion. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to iden- chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
tify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, ment of behavioral and affective disorders.
__________________________________________________________________ Retail Salespersons

vocational training
Respiratory Therapy Annual Earnings: $33,840
Growth: 34.6%
R
Self-Employed: 4.0%
Part-Time: 22.3%
Provide specific, well-defined respiratory care procedures Physical Therapists; Radiation Therapists; Recreational
under the direction of respiratory therapists and physi- Therapists; Respiratory Therapists; Speech-Language Pa-
cians. SKILLSNo data available. thologists; Therapists, All Other. PERSONALITY
Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Respira-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; tory Care Therapy/Therapist; Respiratory Therapy Tech-
Massage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Oc- nician/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
cupational Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists; COURSESNo data available.

training
Retail Salespersons Growth: 12.4%
Annual Job Openings: 1,124,000
Self-Employed: 4.0%
Part-Time: 40.2%
Sell merchandise such as furniture, motor vehicles, ap- questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
pliances, or apparel in a retail establishment. Prepares priate times. Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways
sales slip or sales contract. Sells or arranges for delivery, to help people. Speaking: Talking to others to convey in-
insurance, financing, or service contracts for merchandise. formation effectively. Mathematics: Using mathematics
Recommends, selects, and obtains merchandise based on to solve problems. Writing: Communicating effectively
customer needs and desires. Greets customer. Inventories in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
stock. Rents merchandise to customers. Wraps merchan-
dise. Estimates cost of repair or alteration of merchandise.
Estimates and quotes trade-in allowances. Maintains Marketing. Work Group: 10.03. General Sales. Other Job
Titles in This Work Group: Parts Salespersons; Real Es-
records related to sales. Tickets, arranges, and displays
tate Brokers; Real Estate Sales Agents; Sales Representa-
merchandise to promote sales. Estimates quantity and cost
tives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and
of merchandise required, such as paint or floor covering.
Scientific Products; Service Station Attendants; Stock
Fits or assists customers in trying on merchandise. Cleans
Clerks, Sales Floor; Travel Agents. PERSONALITY
shelves, counters, and tables. Requisitions new stock. Dem-
onstrates use or operation of merchandise. Totals purchases, TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently
involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occu-
receives payment, makes change, or processes credit trans-
pations can involve leading people and making many de-
action. Describes merchandise and explains use, opera-
cisions. They sometimes require risk taking and often deal
tion, and care of merchandise to customers. Computes
with business.
sales price of merchandise. SKILLSActive Listening:
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Floricul-
ing time to understand the points being made, asking ture/Floristry Operations and Management; Retailing and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Retail Operations; Sales, Distribution, and Marketing dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Operations, General; Selling Skills and Sales Operations. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and Mar- calculus, and statistics and their applications. English Lan-
keting: Knowledge of principles and methods for show- guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En-
ing, promoting, and selling products or services. This glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon- rules of composition, and grammar. Clerical Studies:
stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. Cus- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and
tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and systems, such as word processing, managing files and
processes for providing customer and personal services. This records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan- and other office procedures and terminology.

on-the-job training
Roofers Growth: 19.4%
Part-Time: 13.8%
Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
aluminum, wood, and related materials. May spray roofs, tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
or soundproof sections of structures. Fastens composi- Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
tion shingles or sheets to roof with asphalt, cement, or ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
nails. Cuts roofing paper to size and nails or staples paper Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
to roof in overlapping strips to form base for roofing ma- Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
terials. Cleans and maintains equipment. Removes snow, Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
water, or debris from roofs prior to applying roofing ma- Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
terials. Insulates, soundproofs, and seals buildings with Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
foam, using spray gun, air compressor, and heater. Punches ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
holes in slate, tile, terra cotta, or wooden shingles, using and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
punch and hammer. Applies gravel or pebbles over top Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
layer, using rake or stiff-bristled broom. Applies alternate lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
layers of hot asphalt or tar and roofing paper until roof ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
covering is completed as specified. Overlaps successive lay- Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
ers of roofing material, determining distance of overlap, neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
using chalkline, gauge on shingling hatchet, or lines on Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
shingles. Cuts strips of flashing and fits them into angles Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
formed by walls, vents, and intersecting roof surfaces. Mops Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying
or pours hot asphalt or tar onto roof base when applying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumb-
asphalt or tar and gravel to roof. Aligns roofing material ers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and
with edge of roof. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi-
actions in relation to others actions. Equipment Selec- als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and
tion: Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed Rebar Workers; Riggers; Rough Carpenters; Security and
to do a job. Operation and Control: Controlling opera- Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet
tions of equipment or systems. Repairing: Repairing ma- Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cut-
chines or systems, using the needed tools. ters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel
___________________________________________________________________ Rough Carpenters
Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools
Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re- involved in the construction or repair of houses, build-
alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that ings, or other structures, such as highways and roads. Prin-
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They ciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and
often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and mainte-
R
like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa- nance. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of practical application of engineering science and technol-
paperwork or working closely with others. ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Roofer.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuilding and

on-the-job training
Rough Carpenters Growth: 8.2%
Part-Time: 8.1%
Build rough wooden structures, such as concrete forms, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc-
scaffolds, tunnel, bridge, or sewer supports; billboard tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con-
signs; and temporary frame shelters according to sketches, struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
blueprints, or oral instructions. Assembles and fastens Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build-
material together to construct wood or metal framework ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet
of structure, using bolts, nails, or screws. Erects forms of Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and
prefabricated forms, framework, scaffolds, hoists, roof sup- Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction
ports, or chutes, using hand tools, plumb rule, and level. Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall
Anchors and braces forms and other structures in place, Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
using nails, bolts, anchor rods, steel cables, planks, wedges, Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay-
and timbers. Fabricates parts, using woodworking and ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders
metalworking machines. Digs or directs digging of post and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
holes and sets pole to support structure. Examines struc- Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
tural timbers and supports to detect decay and replaces lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
timber, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts. Installs rough ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
door and window frames, subflooring, fixtures, or tempo- Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
rary supports in structures undergoing construction or neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
repair. Bores boltholes in timber with masonry or con- Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
crete walls, using power drill. Studies blueprints and dia- Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
grams to determine dimensions of structure or form to be Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying
constructed or erected. Measures materials or distances, Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumb-
using square, measuring tape, or rule to lay out work. Cuts ers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and
or saws boards, timbers, or plywood to required size, us- Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi-
ing handsaw, power saw, or woodworking machine. als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and
SKILLSInstallation: Installing equipment, machines, Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Security and Fire Alarm
wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Operation and Systems Installers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Work-
Control: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carv-
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. ers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc- such as highways and roads. Engineering and Technol-
cupations frequently involve work activities that include ogy: Knowledge of the practical application of engineer-
practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often ing science and technology. This includes applying
deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations redesign and production of various goods and services. De-
quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper- sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
work or working closely with others. ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
blueprints, drawings, and models. Principles of Mechani-
cal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including
their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathemat-
COURSESBuilding and Construction: Knowledge of ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,

Sales Agents,

Growth: 22.3%
Financial Services Annual Job Openings: 55,000
Part-Time: 8.6%
Sell financial services, such as loan, tax, and securities GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and
counseling to customers of financial institutions and busi- Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other
ness establishments. Sells services and equipment, such as Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents;
trust, investment, and check processing services. Develops Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Securities and Com-
prospects from current commercial customers, referral leads, modities; Sales Representatives, Agricultural; Sales Repre-
and sales and trade meetings. Reviews business trends and sentatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical; Sales
advises customers regarding expected fluctuations. Makes Representatives, Electrical/Electronic; Sales Representatives,
presentations on financial services to groups to attract new Instruments; Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment
clients. Determines customers financial services needs and and Supplies; Sales Representatives, Medical; Sales Repre-
prepares proposals to sell services. Contacts prospective sentatives, Services, All Other; Sales Representatives,
customers to present information and explain available ser- Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific
vices. Prepares forms or agreement to complete sale. Evalu- Products; Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services
ates costs and revenue of agreements to determine Sales Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. En-
continued profitability. SKILLSPersuasion: Persuading terprising occupations frequently involve starting up and
others to change their minds or behavior. Active Learning: carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
Understanding the implications of new information for ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
both current and future problem-solving and decision- require risk taking and often deal with business.
making. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor-
and Personal/Financial Services Marketing Operations;
improvements or take corrective action. Systems Analysis:
Determining how a system should work and how changes Financial Planning and Services; Investments and Securi-
ties. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEconom-
in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect
ics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
outcomes. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning
to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative so-
lutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Reading
paragraphs in work-related documents. ods for showing, promoting, and selling products or ser-
________________________________________________ Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities
vices. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, prod- tent of the English language, including the meaning and
uct demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control sys- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Law
tems. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court
geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive
English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con- orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Sales Agents, Securities and

Growth: 22.3%
Commodities Annual Job Openings: 55,000
Part-Time: 8.6%
S
Buy and sell securities in investment and trading firms of system performance and the actions needed to improve
and develop and implement financial plans for individu- or correct performance relative to the goals of the system.
als, businesses, and organizations. Develops financial plan Persuasion: Persuading others to change their minds or
based on analysis of clients financial status and discusses behavior. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning
financial options with client. Contacts exchange or bro- to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative so-
kerage firm to execute order or buys and sells securities lutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Judgment
based on market quotation and competition in market. and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and
Records transactions accurately and keeps client informed benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropri-
about transactions. Analyzing market conditions to de- ate one.
termine optimum time to execute securities transactions.
Reads corporate reports and calculates ratios to determine
best prospects for profit on stock purchase and to moni-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents;
tor client account. Identifies potential clients, using ad-
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services;
vertising campaigns, mailing lists, and personal contacts,
Sales Representatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives,
and solicits business. Prepares financial reports to moni-
tor client or corporate finances. Informs and advises con- Chemical and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Elec-
trical/Electronic; Sales Representatives, Instruments; Sales
cerned parties regarding fluctuations and securities
Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and Supplies;
transactions affecting plan or account. Completes sales
Sales Representatives, Medical; Sales Representatives, Ser-
order tickets and submits for processing of client-requested
vices, All Other; Sales Representatives, Wholesale and
transaction. Prepares documents to implement plan se-
Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products; Secu-
lected by client. Reviews all securities transactions to en-
sure accuracy of information and ensure that trades rities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents.
conform to regulations of governing agencies. Interviews
client to determine clients assets, liabilities, cash flow, in-
surance coverage, tax status, and financial objectives. Keeps
informed about political and economic trends that influ-
ence stock prices. SKILLSManagement of Financial
Resources: Determining how money will be spent to get EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
the work done and accounting for these expenditures. and Personal/Financial Services Marketing Operations;
Systems Analysis: Determining how a system should work Financial Planning and Services; Investments and Securi-
and how changes in conditions, operations, and the envi- ties. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEconom-
ronment will affect outcomes. Active Learning: Under- ics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and
standing the implications of new information for both accounting principles and practices, the financial markets,
current and future problem-solving and decision-making. banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom- tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Sales processes for providing customer and personal services.
and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and methods for This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demon- isfaction. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative
stration, sales techniques, and sales control systems. En- and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro-
glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content cessing, managing files and records, stenography and tran-
of the English language, including the meaning and spell- scription, designing forms, and other office procedures and
ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Cus- terminology.

Sales Engineers Growth: 17.7%
Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 4.5%
Sell business goods or services, the selling of which re- equipment and technology to serve user needs. Trouble-
quires a technical background equivalent to a baccalau- shooting: Determining causes of operating errors and de-
reate degree in engineering. Calls on management ciding what to do about them.
representatives at commercial, industrial, and other estab-
lishments to convince prospective client to buy products
or services offered. Assists sales force in sale of company
products. Demonstrates and explains product or service ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Aerospace
to customer representatives, such as engineers, architects,
and other professionals. Draws up sales or service contract
for products or services. Provides technical services to cli-
neers; Computer Software Engineers, Applications; Com-
ents relating to use, operation, and maintenance of equip-
puter Software Engineers, Systems Software; Electrical
ment. Arranges for trial installations of equipment. Designs
and drafts variations of standard products in order to meet Engineers; Electronics Engineers, Except Computer; En-
gineers, All Other; Environmental Engineers; Fire-Preven-
customer needs. Reviews customer documents to develop
tion and Protection Engineers; Health and Safety
and prepare cost estimates or projected production in-
Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspec-
creases from use of proposed equipment or services. Draws
tors; Industrial Engineers; Industrial Safety and Health
up or proposes changes in equipment, processes, materi-
Engineers; Landscape Architects; Marine Architects; Ma-
als, or services resulting in cost reduction or improvement
in customer operations. Assists in development of custom- rine Engineers; Marine Engineers and Naval Architects;
Materials Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; Mining and
made machinery. Diagnoses problems with equipment
Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers;
installed. Provides technical training to employees of cli-
Nuclear Engineers; Petroleum Engineers; Product Safety
ent. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others to convey in-
Engineers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
formation effectively. Operations Analysis: Analyzing
prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
needs and product requirements to create a design. Read-
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
paragraphs in work-related documents. Active Learning:
require risk taking and often deal with business.
both current and future problem-solving and decision- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Selling
making. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob- Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
lems. Technology Design: Generating or adapting COURSESSales and Marketing: Knowledge of prin-
____________________________________________________________________ Sales Managers
ciples and methods for showing, promoting, and selling duction of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings,
products or services. This includes marketing strategy and and models. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge
tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales of principles and processes for providing customer and
control systems. Engineering and Technology: Knowl- personal services. This includes customer needs assessment,
edge of the practical application of engineering science meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
and technology. This includes applying principles, tech- customer satisfaction. English Language: Knowledge of
niques, procedures, and equipment to the design and pro- the structure and content of the English language, includ-
duction of various goods and services. Design: Knowledge ing the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composi-
of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in pro- tion, and grammar.

plus degree
Sales Managers Growth: 32.8%
S
Self-Employed: 2.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Direct the actual distribution or movement of a product ments or take corrective action. Time Management: Man-
or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution aging ones own time and the time of others. Active Lis-
by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and tening: Giving full attention to what other people are
establish training programs for sales representatives. saying, taking time to understand the points being made,
Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at
potential and inventory requirements and monitor the inappropriate times.
preferences of customers. Confers with potential custom-
ers regarding equipment needs and advises customers on
Marketing. Work Group: 10.01. Managerial Work in Sales
types of equipment to purchase. Visits franchised dealers
and Marketing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
to stimulate interest in establishment or expansion of leas-
Advertising and Promotions Managers; First-Line Super-
ing programs. Advises dealers and distributors on policies
visors/Managers of Non-Retail Sales Workers; First-Line
and operating procedures to ensure functional effective-
ness of business. Reviews operational records and reports Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers; Marketing
Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
to project sales and determine profitability. Confers or
prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
consults with department heads to plan advertising ser-
carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
vices and secure information on appliances, equipment,
ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
and customer-required specifications. Directs clerical staff
require risk taking and often deal with business.
to maintain export correspondence, bid requests, and credit
collections and current information on tariffs, licenses, and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
restrictions. Resolves customer complaints regarding sales Administration and Management, General; Business/
and service. Directs product research and development. Commerce, General; Consumer Merchandising/Retailing
Directs conversion of products from USA to foreign stan- Management; Marketing, Other; Marketing/Marketing
dards. Inspects premises of assigned stores for adequate Management, General. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
security exits and compliance with safety codes and ordi- COURSESAdministration and Management: Knowl-
nances. Represents company at trade association meetings edge of business and management principles involved in
to promote products. SKILLSCoordination: Adjust- strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
ing actions in relation to others actions. Speaking: Talk- modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
ing to others to convey information effectively. coordination of people and resources. Sales and Market-
Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your performance or ing: Knowledge of principles and methods for showing,
that of other individuals or organizations to make improve- promoting, and selling products or services. This includes
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
sales techniques, and sales control systems. Customer and English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes words, rules of composition, and grammar. Mathemat-
for providing customer and personal services. This includes ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for and statistics and their applications.
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English

on-the-job training
Sales Representatives, Annual Earnings: $54,360
Growth: 7.5%
Agricultural Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell agricultural products and services, such as animal tatives, Electrical/Electronic; Sales Representatives, Instru-
feeds; farm and garden equipment; and dairy, poultry, ments; Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and
and veterinarian supplies. Solicits orders from customers Supplies; Sales Representatives, Medical; Sales Represen-
in person or by phone. Demonstrates use of agricultural tatives, Services, All Other; Sales Representatives, Whole-
equipment or machines. Recommends changes in cus- sale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products;
tomer use of agricultural products to improve production. Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales
Prepares reports of business transactions. Informs customer Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
of estimated delivery schedule, service contracts, warranty, prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
or other information pertaining to purchased products. carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
Displays or shows customer agricultural-related products. ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
Compiles lists of prospective customers for use as sales require risk taking and often deal with business.
leads. Prepares sales contracts for orders obtained. Con-
sults with customer regarding installation, setup, or lay-
out of agricultural equipment and machines. Quotes prices
and credit terms. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others Other; Selling Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing:
to convey information effectively. Active Listening: Giv-
moting, and selling products or services. This includes
marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration,
sales techniques, and sales control systems. Mathematics:
ate times. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing
as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
paragraphs in work-related documents. Mathematics:
Using mathematics to solve problems. Persuasion: Per-
position, and grammar. Economics and Accounting:
suading others to change their minds or behavior.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other and reporting of financial data. Customer and Personal
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for pro-
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; viding customer and personal services. This includes cus-
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre- tomer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
sentatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical; Sales Represen- services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
________________________________________ Sales Representatives, Chemical and Pharmaceutical

on-the-job training
Growth: 7.5%
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell chemical or pharmaceutical products or services, such sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Electrical/
as acids, industrial chemicals, agricultural chemicals, Electronic; Sales Representatives, Instruments; Sales Rep-
medicines, drugs, and water treatment supplies. Promotes resentatives, Mechanical Equipment and Supplies; Sales
and sells pharmaceutical and chemical products to poten- Representatives, Medical; Sales Representatives, Services,
tial customers. Explains water treatment package benefits All Other; Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manu-
to customer and sells chemicals to treat and resolve water facturing, Technical and Scientific Products; Securities,
S
process problems. Estimates and advises customer of ser- Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents. PER-
vice costs to correct water-treatment process problems. SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupa-
Discusses characteristics and clinical studies pertaining to tions frequently involve starting up and carrying out
pharmaceutical products with physicians, dentists, hospi- projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
tals, and retail/wholesale establishments. Distributes drug making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
samples to customer and takes orders for pharmaceutical ing and often deal with business.
supply items from customer. Inspects, tests, and observes
chemical changes in water system equipment, utilizing test
kit, reference manual, and knowledge of chemical treat-
Other; Selling Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED
ment. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to others to convey
information effectively. Active Listening: Giving full at- KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing:
tention to what other people are saying, taking time to
sales techniques, and sales control systems. Chemistry:
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Per-
suasion: Persuading others to change their minds or properties of substances and of the chemical processes and
behavior. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to
chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production
solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using logic and rea-
techniques, and disposal methods. Mathematics: Knowl-
understanding why they react as they do. of the structure and content of the English language, in-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and position, and grammar. Economics and Accounting:
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; and reporting of financial data.
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Growth: 7.5%
Electrical/Electronic Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell electrical, electronic, or related products or services, and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Instruments;
such as communication equipment, radiographic-inspec- Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and Sup-
tion equipment and services, ultrasonic equipment, elec- plies; Sales Representatives, Medical; Sales Representatives,
tronics parts, computers, and EDP systems. Analyzes Services, All Other; Sales Representatives, Wholesale and
communication needs of customer and consults with staff Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products; Secu-
engineers regarding technical problems. Trains establish- rities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents.
ment personnel in equipment use, utilizing knowledge of PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising oc-
electronics and product sold. Recommends equipment to cupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out
meet customer requirements, considering salable features projects. These occupations can involve leading people and
such as flexibility, cost, capacity, and economy of opera- making many decisions. They sometimes require risk tak-
tion. Negotiates terms of sale and services with customer. ing and often deal with business.
Sells electrical or electronic equipment such as computers,
data processing and radiographic equipment to businesses
and industrial establishments. SKILLSPersuasion: Per-
suading others to change their minds or behavior. Active
saying, taking time to understand the points being made, Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, pro-
moting, and selling products or services. This includes mar-
keting strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales
inappropriate times. Instructing: Teaching others how to
techniques, and sales control systems. Computers and
do something. Speaking: Talking to others to convey in-
formation effectively. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs
and product requirements to create a design. Negotiation:
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. ware, including applications and programming. Educa-
equipment needed to do a job.
tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and training effects. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other of economic and accounting principles and practices, the
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; financial markets, banking, and the analysis and report-
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; ing of financial data. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre- metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Chemical applications.
______________________________________________________ Sales Representatives, Instruments

on-the-job training
Growth: 7.5%
Instruments Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell precision instruments, such as dynamometers and Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales
spring scales, and laboratory, navigation, and surveying Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
instruments. Assists customer with product selection, uti- prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
lizing knowledge of engineering specifications and catalog carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
resources. Evaluates customer needs and emphasizes prod- ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
uct features based on technical knowledge of product ca- require risk taking and often deal with business.
S
pabilities and limitations. Sells weighing and other precision
instruments, such as spring scales, dynamometers, and labo-
ratory, navigational, and surveying instruments, to cus-
tomer. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention
to what other people are saying, taking time to understand KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing:
and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Persuasion:
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. Speak-
sales techniques, and sales control systems. English Lan-
Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences
and paragraphs in work-related documents. Service Ori- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Customer and
entation: Actively looking for ways to help people. Instruct-
ing: Teaching others how to do something. Mathematics:
Using mathematics to solve problems.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Com-
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other puters and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, pro-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; cessors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; hardware and software, including applications and pro-
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre- gramming. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of
sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Chemical the practical application of engineering science and tech-
and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Electrical/Elec- nology. This includes applying principles, techniques, pro-
tronic; Sales Representatives, Mechanical Equipment and cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
Supplies; Sales Representatives, Medical; Sales Represen- various goods and services. Principles of Mechanical De-
tatives, Services, All Other; Sales Representatives, Whole- vices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
sale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products; designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Sales Representatives, on-the-job training
Mechanical Equipment Growth: 7.5%
and Supplies Self-Employed: 10.7%
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell mechanical equipment, machinery, materials, and GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and
supplies, such as aircraft and railroad equipment and Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other
parts, construction machinery, material-handling equip- Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents;
ment, industrial machinery, and welding equipment. Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services;
Recommends and sells textile, industrial, construction, Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre-
railroad, and oil field machinery, equipment, materials, sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Chemical
and supplies and services, utilizing knowledge of machine and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Electrical/Elec-
operations. Computes installation or production costs, tronic; Sales Representatives, Instruments; Sales Represen-
estimates savings, and prepares and submits bid specifica- tatives, Medical; Sales Representatives, Services, All Other;
tions to customer for review and approval. Submits orders Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Tech-
for product and follows up on order to verify material list nical and Scientific Products; Securities, Commodities, and
accuracy and ensure that delivery schedule meets project Financial Services Sales Agents. PERSONALITY TYPE
deadline. Appraises equipment and verifies customer credit Enterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve
rating to establish trade-in value and contract terms. Re- starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations
views existing machinery/equipment placement and dia- can involve leading people and making many decisions.
grams proposal to illustrate efficient space utilization, using They sometimes require risk taking and often deal with
standard measuring devices and templates. Attends sales business.
and trade meetings and reads related publications to ob-
tain current market condition information, business trends,
and industry developments. Inspects establishment pre-
mises to verify installation feasibility and obtains building
blueprints and elevator specifications to submit to engi-
neering department for bid. Demonstrates and explains Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, pro-
use of installed equipment and production processes. Ar-
ranges for installation and test-operation of machinery and
recommends solutions to product-related problems. Con-
tacts current and potential customers, visits establishments
statistics and their applications. Economics and Account-
to evaluate needs, and promotes sale of products and ser-
vices. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full attention ing: Knowledge of economic and accounting principles
analysis and reporting of financial data. Principles of
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Speak-
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively. duction, communication, and dissemination techniques
entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
equipment needed to do a job. Operations Analysis: Ana-
lyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
_________________________________________________________Sales Representatives, Medical

on-the-job training
Growth: 7.5%
Medical Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell medical equipment, products, and services. Does not and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Electrical/Elec-
include pharmaceutical sales representatives. Promotes tronic; Sales Representatives, Instruments; Sales Represen-
sale of medical and dental equipment, supplies, and ser- tatives, Mechanical Equipment and Supplies; Sales
vices to doctors, dentists, hospitals, medical schools, and Representatives, Services, All Other; Sales Representatives,
retail establishments. Writes specifications to order cus- Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific
tom-made surgical appliances, using customer measure- Products; Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services
S
ments and physician prescriptions. Advises customer Sales Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising.
regarding office layout, legal and insurance regulations, Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up
cost analysis, and collection methods. Designs and fabri- and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve
cates custom-made medical appliances. Selects surgical ap- leading people and making many decisions. They some-
pliances from stock and fits and sells appliance to customer. times require risk taking and often deal with business.
Studies data describing new products to accurately rec-
ommend purchase of equipment and supplies. SKILLS
terrupting at inappropriate times. Reading Comprehen- Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, pro-
work-related documents. Writing: Communicating effec-
ence. Speaking: Talking to others to convey information
statistics and their applications. Engineering and Tech-
effectively. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind
of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Persuasion: nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi-
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
design and production of various goods and services. De-
ments to create a design.
sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other blueprints, drawings, and models. Economics and Ac-
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; ciples and practices, the financial markets, banking, and
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre- the analysis and reporting of financial data.
sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Chemical
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Sales Representatives, Education/Training Required: Moderate-term

on-the-job training
Wholesale and Manufacturing, Annual Earnings: $41,520
Growth: 5.7%
Except Technical and Scientific Annual Job Openings: 86,000
Products Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses Titles in This Work Group: Parts Salespersons; Real Es-
or groups of individuals. Work requires substantial knowl- tate Brokers; Real Estate Sales Agents; Retail Salespersons;
edge of items sold. Contacts regular and prospective cus- Service Station Attendants; Stock Clerks, Sales Floor; Travel
tomers to solicit orders. Recommends products to Agents. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enter-
customers based on customers specific needs and inter- prising occupations frequently involve starting up and
ests. Answers questions about products, prices, durability, carrying out projects. These occupations can involve lead-
and credit terms. Meets with customers to demonstrate ing people and making many decisions. They sometimes
and explain features of products. Prepares lists of prospec- require risk taking and often deal with business.
tive customers. Reviews sales records and current market
information to determine value or sales potential of prod-
and Accessories Marketing Operations; Business, Manage-
uct. Estimates delivery dates and arranges delivery sched-
ules. Completes sales contracts or forms to record sales ment, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Other;
Fashion Merchandising; General Merchandising, Sales, and
information. Instructs customers in use of products. As-
Related Marketing Operations, Other; Sales, Distribution,
sists and advises retail dealers in use of sales promotion
and Marketing Operations, General; Special Products
techniques. Investigates and resolves customer complaints.
Marketing Operations; Specialized Merchandising, Sales,
Forwards orders to manufacturer. Assembles and stocks
and Related Marketing Operations, Other. RELATED
product displays in retail stores. Writes reports on sales and
products. Prepares drawings, estimates, and bids to meet KNOWLEDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing:
specific needs of customer. Obtains credit information on
prospective customers. Oversees delivery or installation of
products or equipment. SKILLSSpeaking: Talking to
sales techniques, and sales control systems. Customer and
others to convey information effectively. Active Listening:
ing time to understand the points being made, asking ques- for providing customer and personal services. This includes
tions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate
services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. English
times. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Persuasion: Per-
suading others to change their minds or behavior. Service
Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
and statistics and their applications. Communications and
and decision-making. Negotiation: Bringing others to-
gether and trying to reconcile differences.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and and visual media.
Marketing. Work Group: 10.03. General Sales. Other Job
__________________________ Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education
Sales Representatives, Education/Training Required: Moderate-term

on-the-job training
Wholesale and Manufacturing, Annual Earnings: $54,360
Growth: 7.5%
Technical and Scientific Annual Job Openings: 24,000
Products Part-Time: 22.3%
Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where tech- and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Electrical/Elec-
nical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as tronic; Sales Representatives, Instruments; Sales Represen-
biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally tatives, Mechanical Equipment and Supplies; Sales
obtained from at least two years of post-secondary edu- Representatives, Medical; Sales Representatives, Services,
cation. SKILLSNo data available. All Other; Securities, Commodities, and Financial Ser-
vices Sales Agents. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
S
available.
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business,
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services,
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre- Other; Selling Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED
sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Chemical KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
Secondary School Teachers,

Except Special and Vocational Growth: 18.6%
Education Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 10.6%
Instruct students in secondary public or private schools diovisual aids and other materials to supplement presen-
in one or more subjects at the secondary level, such as tations. Assigns lessons and corrects homework. SKILLS
English, mathematics, or social studies. May be desig- Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/
nated according to subject matter specialty, such as typ- instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the
ing instructors, commercial teachers, or English teachers. situation when learning or teaching new things. Speak-
Instructs students, using various teaching methods such ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
as lecture and demonstration. Maintains discipline in class- Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
room. Selects, stores, orders, issues, and inventories class- tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. In-
room equipment, materials, and supplies. Performs structing: Teaching others how to do something.
advisory duties, such as sponsoring student organizations Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
or clubs, helping students select courses, and counseling
students with problems. Keeps attendance records. Par-
ticipates in faculty and professional meetings, educational and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser-
conferences, and teacher training workshops. Confers with
students, parents, and school counselors to resolve behav-
ioral and academic problems. Develops and administers
tests. Prepares course outlines and objectives according to
curriculum guidelines or state and local requirements.
Evaluates, records, and reports student progress. Uses au- nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, cation; Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Econom-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; ics Teacher Education; Foreign Language Teacher Educa-
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science tion; French Language Teacher Education; Geography
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; Teacher Education; German Language Teacher Education;
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; Health Occupations Teacher Education; Health Teacher
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- Education; History Teacher Education; Junior High/In-
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law termediate/Middle School Education and Teaching; Latin
Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom- Teacher Education; Mathematics Teacher Education;
ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Music Teacher Education; Physical Education Teaching
Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational, and Coaching; Physics Teacher Education; Reading
Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School Teacher Education; Sales and Marketing Operations/Mar-
Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach- keting and Distribution Teacher Education; Science
ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach- Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education;
ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers, Secondary Education and Teaching; Social Science Teacher
Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors; Education; Social Studies Teacher Education; Spanish
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Language Teacher Education; Speech Teacher Education;
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Teacher Education and Professional Development, Spe-
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching cific Subject Areas, Other; Teacher Education, Multiple
Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His- Levels; Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts
tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Teacher Education. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu- COURSESEducation and Training: Knowledge of
cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers, sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science and the measurement of training effects. English Lan-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians English language, including the meaning and spelling of
and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, words, rules of composition, and grammar. Mathemat-
Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and ics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus,
Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, and statistics and their applications. Therapy and Coun-
Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; seling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONAL- for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and
ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve mental dysfunctions and for career counseling and guid-
working with, communicating with, and teaching people. ance. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser- clerical procedures and systems, such as word processing,
vice to others. managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
nology. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and
tural Teacher Education; Art Teacher Education; Biology
performance; individual differences in ability, personality,
Teacher Education; Business Teacher Education; Chem-
and interests; learning and motivation; psychological re-
istry Teacher Education; Computer Teacher Education;
search methods; and the assessment and treatment of be-
Drama and Dance Teacher Education; Driver and Safety
Teacher Education; English/Language Arts Teacher Edu- havioral and affective disorders.
________________________________________________ Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
Securities, Commodities,

and Financial Services

Growth: 22.3%
Sales Agents Self-Employed: 22.4%
Part-Time: 8.6%
Buy and sell securities in investment and trading firms and Pharmaceutical; Sales Representatives, Electrical/Elec-
or call upon businesses and individuals to sell financial tronic; Sales Representatives, Instruments; Sales Represen-
services. Provide financial services such as loan, tax, and tatives, Mechanical Equipment and Supplies; Sales
securities counseling. May advise securities customers Representatives, Medical; Sales Representatives, Services,
about such things as stocks, bonds, and market condi- All Other; Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manu-
tions. SKILLSNo data available. facturing, Technical and Scientific Products. PERSON-
S
ALITY TYPENo data available.
Marketing. Work Group: 10.02. Sales Technology. Other EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business
Job Titles in This Work Group: Advertising Sales Agents; and Personal/Financial Services Marketing Operations;
Insurance Sales Agents; Sales Agents, Financial Services; Financial Planning and Services; Investments and Securi-
Sales Agents, Securities and Commodities; Sales Repre- ties. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data
sentatives, Agricultural; Sales Representatives, Chemical available.

vocational training
Security and Fire Alarm Annual Earnings: $30,490
Growth: 23.4%
Systems Installers Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Install, program, maintain, and repair security and fire lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
alarm wiring and equipment. Ensure that work is in ac- ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
cordance with relevant codes. SKILLSNo data avail- Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
able. neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and
Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Seg-
mental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and
Joiners; Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Struc-
tural Iron and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper TYPENo data available.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Electri- Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/

cian; Security System Installation, Repair, and Inspection COURSESNo data available.

training
Security Guards Growth: 35.4%
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 19.8%
Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, vio- effectively. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering
lence, or infractions of rules. Patrols industrial and com- the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose
mercial premises to prevent and detect signs of intrusion the most appropriate one. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assess-
and ensure security of doors, windows, and gates. Oper- ing your performance or that of other individuals or orga-
ates detecting devices to screen individuals and prevent nizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
passage of prohibited articles into restricted areas. Moni- Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and
tors and adjusts controls that regulate building systems, understanding why they react as they do.
such as air conditioning, furnace, or boiler. Escorts or drives
motor vehicle to transport individuals to specified loca-
tions and to provide personal protection. Writes reports of
daily activities and irregularities, such as equipment or prop-
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss-
erty damage, theft, presence of unauthorized persons, or
unusual occurrences. Answers telephone calls to take mes- ing Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves-
tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal
sages, answer questions, and provide information during
Investigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; De-
non-business hours or when switchboard is closed. Drives
and guards armored vehicle to transport money and valu-
and Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gam-
ables to prevent theft and ensure safe delivery. Inspects and
ing Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; High-
adjusts security systems, equipment, and machinery to
ensure operational use and to detect evidence of tamper- way Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors;
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective
ing. Monitors and authorizes entrance and departure of
Service Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and
employees, visitors, and other persons to guard against theft
Sheriffs Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Police Identi-
and maintain security of premises. Answers alarms and
fication and Records Officers; Police Patrol Officers; Pri-
investigates disturbances. Circulates among visitors, pa-
vate Detectives and Investigators; Sheriffs and Deputy
trons, and employees to preserve order and protect prop-
erty. Calls police or fire departments in cases of emergency, Sheriffs; Transit and Railroad Police. PERSONALITY
such as fire or presence of unauthorized persons. Warns
persons of rule infractions or violations; apprehends or evicts
violators from premises, using force when necessary.
vice to others.
other people are saying, taking time to understand the EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Securities
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and Services Administration/Management; Security and Loss
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Critical Think- Prevention Services. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths COURSESPublic Safety and Security: Knowledge of
and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
approaches to problems. Writing: Communicating effec- promote effective local, state, or national security opera-
tively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the auditions for the protection of people, data, property, and in-
ence. Speaking: Talking to others to convey information stitutions. Law and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal
_____________________________________________________ Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
codes, court procedures, precedents, government regula- edge of principles and processes for providing customer
tions, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
political process. English Language: Knowledge of the sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
structure and content of the English language, including ation of customer satisfaction. Telecommunications:
the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, con-
and grammar. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl- trol, and operation of telecommunications systems.

on-the-job training
Segmental Pavers Growth: 26.7%
Part-Time: 8.5%
S
Lay out, cut, and paste segmental paving units. Includes Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
installers of bedding and restraining materials for the neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
paving units. SKILLSNo data available. Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Se-
curity and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Sheet Metal
Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and
Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Concrete
lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work- Finishing/Concrete Finisher. RELATED KNOWL-
ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

Self-Enrichment Education Annual Earnings: $28,880
Growth: 18.5%
Teachers Annual Job Openings: 34,000
Part-Time: 42.5%
Teach or instruct courses other than those that normally niques, procedures, or methods of designated subject. Plans
lead to an occupational objective or degree. Courses may and conducts field trips to enrich instructional programs.
include self-improvement, nonvocational, and nonaca- Orders, stores, and inventories books, materials, and sup-
demic subjects. Teaching may or may not take place in a plies. Writes instructional articles on designated subjects.
traditional educational institution. Conducts classes, Maintains records such as student grades, attendance, and
workshops, and demonstrations to teach principles, tech- supply inventory. Confers with leaders of government and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
other groups to coordinate training or to assist students in Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
fulfilling required criteria. Evaluates success of instruction erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
based on number and enthusiasm of participants and rec- tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
ommends retaining or eliminating course in future. Plans Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
course content and method of instruction. Selects and as- cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
sembles books, materials, and supplies for courses or Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
projects. Observes students to determine and evaluate Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
qualifications, limitations, abilities, interests, aptitudes, Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
temperament, and individual characteristics. Directs and Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
supervises student project activities, performances, tour- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
naments, exhibits, contests, or plays. Prepares outline of Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
instructional program and lesson plans and establishes Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
course goals. Administers oral, written, and performance vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
tests and issues grades in accordance with performance. Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
Presents lectures and conducts discussions to increase stu- Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
dents knowledge and competence. SKILLSWriting: Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONALITY TYPE
the needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others to Social. Social occupations frequently involve working with,
convey information effectively. Reading Comprehension: communicating with, and teaching people. These occu-
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- pations often involve helping or providing service to oth-
related documents. Instructing: Teaching others how to ers.
do something. Active Listening: Giving full attention to
what other people are saying, taking time to understand EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Adult
and Continuing Education and Teaching. RELATED
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- and groups, and the measurement of training effects. En-
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- glish Language: Knowledge of the structure and content
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and of the English language, including the meaning and spell-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; ing of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Admin-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; istration and Management: Knowledge of business and
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, technique, production methods, and coordination of
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, people and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- applications. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; and performance; individual differences in ability, person-
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, ality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychologi-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; cal research methods; and the assessment and treatment
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, of behavioral and affective disorders. Sociology and An-
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, thropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics,
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity,
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School and cultures and their history and origins. Computers and
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- ware, including applications and programming.
____________________________________________________________ Semiconductor Processors

Semiconductor Processors Growth: 32.4%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.7%
Perform any or all of the following functions in the manu- tains processing, production, and inspection information
facture of electronic semiconductors: load semiconduc- and reports. SKILLSOperation Monitoring: Watching
tor material into furnace; saw formed ingots into gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine
segments; load individual segment into crystal growing is working properly. Operation and Control: Controlling
chamber and monitor controls; locate crystal axis in in- operations of equipment or systems. Science: Using sci-
got, using X-ray equipment, and saw ingots into wafers; entific rules and methods to solve problems. Equipment
S
clean, polish, and load wafers into series of special-pur- Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
pose furnaces, chemical baths, and equipment used to needed to do a job. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
form circuitry and change conductive properties. Mea- ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
sures and weighs amounts of crystal growing materials, ments. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
mixes and grinds materials, and loads materials into con- problems. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing
tainer, following procedures. Forms seed crystal for crys- as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
tal growing or locates crystal axis of ingot, using X-ray
equipment, drill, and sanding machine. Aligns photo mask
pattern on photoresist layer, exposes pattern to ultraviolet
light, and develops pattern, using specialized equipment.
Attaches ampoule to diffusion pump to remove air from Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce-
ampoule and seals ampoule, using blowtorch. Places semi-
conductor wafers in processing containers or equipment
holders, using vacuum wand or tweezers. Monitors op-
eration and adjusts controls of processing machines and
equipment to produce compositions with specific elec-
tronic properties. Manipulates valves, switches, and but- Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders,
tons or keys commands into control panels to start
semiconductor processing cycles. Etches, laps, polishes, or
grinds wafers or ingots, using etching, lapping, polishing,
or grinding equipment. Operates saw to cut remelt into
sections of specified size or to cut ingots into wafers. Cleans
and dries materials and equipment, using solvent, etching erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
or sandblasting equipment, and drying equipment to re-
move contaminants or photoresist. Studies work order,
instructions, formulas, and processing charts to determine
specifications and sequence of operations. Loads and un-
loads equipment chambers and transports finished prod-
uct to storage or to area for further processing. Inspects ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
materials, components, or products for surface defects and
measures circuitry, using electronic test equipment, preci-
sion measuring instruments, and standard procedures.
Counts, sorts, and weighs processed items. Stamps or etches
identifying information on finished component. Main-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Industrial

Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and Electronics Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWL-
Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators; EDGE/COURSESProduction and Processing: Knowl-
Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal edge of raw materials, production processes, quality
Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry- control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the
ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers; effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Math-
Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace, ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass culus, and statistics and their applications. Principles of
Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish- including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practi-
Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY cal application of engineering science and technology. This
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems equipment to the design and production of various goods
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and and services. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and
of the occupations require working outside and do not computer hardware and software, including applications
involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. and programming.

Set and Exhibit Designers

Growth: 27.0%
Part-Time: 20.0%
Design special exhibits and movie, television, and the- Graphic Designers; Interior Designers; Merchandise
ater sets. May study scripts, confer with directors, and Displayers and Window Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists
conduct research to determine appropriate architectural and Animators; Painters and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set
styles. SKILLSNo data available. Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY TYPENo
data available.
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Design
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com- and Applied Arts, Other; Design and Visual Communi-
mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other; cations, General; Illustration; Technical Theatre/Theatre
Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Includ- Design and Technology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
ing Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers; COURSESNo data available.

Set Designers Growth: 27.0%
Part-Time: 20.0%
Design sets for theatrical, motion picture, and television research, budget, and available locations, to develop de-
productions. Integrates requirements, including script, sign. Presents drawings for approval and makes changes
________________________________________________________________ Sheet Metal Workers
and corrections as directed. Selects furniture, draperies, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter-
pictures, lamps, and rugs for decorative quality and ap- tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.04. Visual Arts.
pearance. Confers with heads of production and direc- Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cartoonists; Com-
tion to establish budget and schedules and discuss design mercial and Industrial Designers; Designers, All Other;
ideas. Directs and coordinates set construction, erection, Exhibit Designers; Fashion Designers; Fine Artists, Includ-
or decoration activities to ensure conformance to design, ing Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators; Floral Designers;
budget, and schedule requirements. Assigns staff to com- Graphic Designers; Interior Designers; Merchandise
plete design ideas and prepare sketches, illustrations, and Displayers and Window Trimmers; Multi-Media Artists
detailed drawings of sets or graphics and animation. Ex- and Animators; Painters and Illustrators; Sculptors; Set
amines dressed set to ensure that props and scenery do and Exhibit Designers; Sketch Artists. PERSONALITY
not interfere with movements of cast or view of camera. TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
Reads script to determine location, set, or decoration re- working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often
quirements. Estimates costs of design materials and con- require self-expression, and the work can be done without
struction or rental of location or props. Researches and following a clear set of rules.
consults experts to determine architectural and furnish-
S
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Design
ing styles to depict given periods or locations. Designs and
builds scale models of set design or miniature sets used in and Applied Arts, Other; Design and Visual Communica-
tions, General; Illustration; Technical Theatre/Theatre
filming backgrounds or special effects. Prepares rough draft
Design and Technology. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
and scale working drawings of sets, including floor plans,
scenery, and properties to be constructed. SKILLSRead-
technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Fine Arts:
paragraphs in work-related documents. Management of
Material Resources: Obtaining and seeing to the appro- Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to com-
priate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed
arts, drama, and sculpture. Building and Construction:
to do certain work. Active Listening: Giving full atten-
structures, such as highways and roads. Sociology and An-
Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others ac- thropology: Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics,
societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity,
and cultures and their history and origins. English Lan-
solving and decision-making. Management of Financial
glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Resources: Determining how money will be spent to get
rules of composition, and grammar. Psychology: Knowl-
the work done and accounting for these expenditures.
Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify edge of human behavior and performance; individual dif-
ferences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and
motivation; psychological research methods; and the assess-
ment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

on-the-job training
Sheet Metal Workers Growth: 23.0%
Self-Employed: 2.7%
Part-Time: 4.4%
Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal prod- pipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the
ucts and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drain- following: setting up and operating fabricating machines
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper
over anvils, blocks, or forms, using hammer; operating Operators; Hazardous Materials Removal Workers; Insu-
soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
parts; and inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
and joints of burred surfaces. Sets up and operates fabri- Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
cating machines, such as shears, brakes, presses, and rout- neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
ers, to cut, bend, block, and form materials. Selects gauge Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
and type of sheet metal or nonmetallic material according Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
to product specifications. Inspects assemblies and instal- Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying
lation for conformance to specifications, using measuring Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumb-
instruments such as calipers, scales, dial indicators, gauges, ers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and
and micrometers. Determines sequence and methods of Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi-
fabricating, assembling, and installing sheet metal prod- als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and
ucts, using blueprints, sketches, or product specifications. Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Se-
Welds, solders, bolts, rivets, screws, clips, caulks, or bonds curity and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pav-
component parts to assemble products, using hand tools, ers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners; Stone Cutters and
power tools, and equipment. Trims, files, grinds, deburrs, Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel Workers;
buffs, and smoothes surfaces, using hand tools and por- Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble
table power tools. Installs assemblies in supportive frame- Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
work according to blueprints, using hand tools, power cupations frequently involve work activities that include
tools, and lifting and handling devices. Lays out and marks practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
dimensions and reference lines on material, using scribes, deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
dividers, squares, and rulers. Shapes metal material over wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
anvil, block, or other form, using hand tools. SKILLS quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
Installation: Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or work or working closely with others.
programs to meet specifications. Mathematics: Using
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Sheet
mathematics to solve problems. Equipment Selection:
Metal Technology/Sheetworking. RELATED KNOWL-
do a job. Operation and Control: Controlling operations EDGE/COURSESProduction and Processing: Knowl-
edge of raw materials, production processes, quality
of equipment or systems. Coordination: Adjusting actions
control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the
in relation to others actions.
effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Principles
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools,
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet blueprints, drawings, and models. Computers and Elec-
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and tronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall ware, including applications and programming. Building
Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- tools involved in the construction or repair of houses,
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders buildings, or other structures, such as highways and roads.
___________________________________________________________ Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs

training
Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs Growth: 23.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.7%
Enforce law and order in rural or unincorporated dising Persons, and Unemployment Insurance Fraud Inves-
tricts or serve legal processes of courts. May patrol court- tigators; Correctional Officers and Jailers; Criminal In-
house, guard court or grand jury, or escort defendants. vestigators and Special Agents; Crossing Guards; Detectives
Serves subpoenas and summonses. Executes arrest war- and Criminal Investigators; Fire Investigators; Fish and
rants, locating and taking persons into custody and issues Game Wardens; Forensic Science Technicians; Gaming
citations. Patrols and guards courthouse, grand jury room, Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators; Highway
S
or assigned areas to provide security, enforce laws, main- Patrol Pilots; Immigration and Customs Inspectors; Life-
tain order, and arrest violators. Confiscates real or per- guards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Ser-
sonal property by court order and posts notices in public vice Workers; Parking Enforcement Workers; Police and
places. Takes control of accident scene to maintain traffic Sheriff s Patrol Officers; Police Detectives; Police Identi-
flow, assist accident victims, and investigate causes. Inves- fication and Records Officers; Police Patrol Officers; Pri-
tigates illegal or suspicious activities of persons. Transports vate Detectives and Investigators; Security Guards; Transit
or escorts prisoners or defendants between courtroom, and Railroad Police. PERSONALITY TYPESocial.
prison or jail, district attorneys offices, or medical facili- Social occupations frequently involve working with, com-
ties. Questions individuals entering secured areas to de- municating with, and teaching people. These occupations
termine purpose of business and directs or reroutes often involve helping or providing service to others.
individuals to destinations. Maintains records, submits
reports of dispositions, and logs daily activities. Arranges
delivery of prisoners arrest records from criminal investi-
gation unit at district attorneys request. Notifies patrol
units to take violators into custody or provide needed as-
sistance or medical aid. SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness:
Being aware of others reactions and understanding why or national security operations for the protection of people,
they react as they do. Active Listening: Giving full atten-
rules, and the democratic political process. Psychology:
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual
tively. Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and
motivation; psychological research methods; and the assess-
relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose
ment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
the most appropriate one. Coordination: Adjusting ac-
Geography: Knowledge of principles and methods for de-
tions in relation to others actions. Reading Comprehen-
scribing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including
their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships,
work-related documents.
and distribution of plant, animal, and human life. Clerical
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 04. Law, Law Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical proce-
Enforcement, and Public Safety. Work Group: 04.03. Law dures and systems, such as word processing, managing files
Enforcement. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: and records, stenography and transcription, designing
Animal Control Workers; Bailiffs; Child Support, Miss- forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Ship Carpenters and Joiners Growth: 8.2%
Part-Time: 8.1%
Fabricate, assemble, install, or repair wooden furnish- Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Workers, Mechanical; Manu-
ings in ships or boats. Reads blueprints to determine di- factured Building and Mobile Home Installers; Operating
mensions of furnishings in ships or boats. Shapes and Engineers; Operating Engineers and Other Construction
laminates wood to form parts of ship, using steam cham- Equipment Operators; Painters, Construction and Main-
bers, clamps, glue, and jigs. Repairs structural woodwork tenance; Paperhangers; Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping
and replaces defective parts and equipment, using hand Equipment Operators; Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters;
tools and power tools. Shapes irregular parts and trims Pipelayers; Pipelaying Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Ma-
excess material from bulkhead and furnishings to ensure sons; Plumbers; Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters;
that fit meets specifications. Constructs floors, doors, and Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Opera-
partitions, using woodworking machines, hand tools, and tors; Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons;
power tools. Cuts wood or glass to specified dimensions, Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers;
using hand tools and power tools. Assembles and installs Rough Carpenters; Security and Fire Alarm Systems In-
hardware, gaskets, floors, furnishings, or insulation, using stallers; Segmental Pavers; Sheet Metal Workers; Stone
adhesive, hand tools, and power tools. Transfers dimen- Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron and Steel
sions or measurements of wood parts or bulkhead on ply- Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and
wood, using measuring instruments and marking devices. Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Real-
Greases gears and other moving parts of machines on ship. istic occupations frequently involve work activities that
SKILLSInstallation: Installing equipment, machines, include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Monitoring: often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of other like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations
individuals or organizations to make improvements or take require working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
corrective action. Repairing: Repairing machines or sys- work or working closely with others.
tems, using the needed tools. Mathematics: Using math-
ematics to solve problems. Equipment Selection:
do a job.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- tion or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures,
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Construc- such as highways and roads. Design: Knowledge of de-
tion. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat Builders sign techniques, tools, and principles involved in produc-
and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Builders; tion of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet Install- models. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
ers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and Concrete practical application of engineering science and technol-
Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction Carpenters; ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall Installers; Elec- dures, and equipment to the design and production of
tricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, various goods and services. Principles of Mechanical De-
and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Layers, Except Carpet, vices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Finishers; Gla- designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics:
ziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper Operators; Hazard- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
ous Materials Removal Workers; Insulation Workers, Floor, statistics and their applications.
__________________________________________________ Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks

training
Shipping, Receiving, Annual Earnings: $22,710
Growth: 9.3%
and Traffic Clerks Annual Job Openings: 133,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 9.6%
Verify and keep records on incoming and outgoing ship- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
ments. Prepare items for shipment. Duties include as- Detail. Work Group: 09.08. Records and Materials Pro-
sembling, addressing, stamping, and shipping cessing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cargo
merchandise or material; receiving, unpacking, verify- and Freight Agents; Couriers and Messengers; Mail Clerks,
ing and recording incoming merchandise or material; Except Mail Machine Operators and Postal Service; Mark-
and arranging for the transportation of products. Exam- ing Clerks; Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales; Postal
S
ines contents and compares with records, such as mani- Service Mail Carriers; Postal Service Mail Sorters, Proces-
fests, invoices, or orders, to verify accuracy of incoming or sors, and Processing Machine Operators; Stock Clerks and
outgoing shipment. Confers and corresponds with estab- Order Fillers; Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or
lishment representatives to rectify problems such as dam- Storage Yard; Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Sam-
ages, shortages, and nonconformance to specifications. plers, Recordkeeping. PERSONALITY TYPEConven-
Requisitions and stores shipping materials and supplies to tional. Conventional occupations frequently involve
maintain inventory of stock. Delivers or routes materials following set procedures and routines. These occupations
to departments, using work devices such as hand truck, can include working with data and details more than with
conveyor, or sorting bins. Computes amounts such as space ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
available and shipping, storage, and demurrage charges
using calculator or price list. Records shipment data such EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)General
Office Occupations and Clerical Services; Traffic, Customs,
as weight, charges, space availability, and damages and
and Transportation Clerk/Technician. RELATED
discrepancies for reporting, accounting, and record-keep-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTransportation: Knowl-
ing purposes. Contacts carrier representative to make ar-
rangements and to issue instructions for shipping and
delivery of materials. Packs, seals, labels, and affixes post-
age to prepare materials for shipping, using work devices benefits. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative
such as hand tools, power tools, and postage meter. Pre-
pares documents such as work orders, bills of lading, and
shipping orders to route materials. Determines shipping
terminology. Production and Processing: Knowledge of
method for materials, using knowledge of shipping pro-
cedures, routes, and rates. SKILLSReading Compre-
hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu-
facture and distribution of goods. Mathematics: Knowl-
in work-related documents. Critical Thinking: Using logic
edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
statistics and their applications. Computers and Electron-
lems. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
people. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what including applications and programming. English Lan-
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Economics
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Com-
and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and account-
ing principles and practices, the financial markets, bank-
ing, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

vocational training
Signal and Track Annual Earnings: $42,390
Growth: 11.5%
Switch Repairers Annual Job Openings: 16,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 24.3%
Install, inspect, test, maintain, or repair electric gate cross- Data Processing Equipment Repairers; Electric Home
ings, signals, signal equipment, track switches, section Appliance and Power Tool Repairers; Electric Meter In-
lines, or intercommunications systems within a railroad stallers and Repairers; Electric Motor and Switch Assem-
system. Installs and inspects switch-controlling mechanism blers and Repairers; Electric Motor, Power Tool, and
on trolley wire and switch in bed of track bed, using hand Related Repairers; Electrical and Electronics Installers and
tools and test equipment. Inspects and tests gate cross- Repairers, Transportation Equipment; Electrical and Elec-
ings, signals, and signal equipment, such as interlocks and tronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment;
hotbox detectors. Inspects electrical units of railroad grade Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substa-
crossing gates to detect loose bolts and defective electrical tion, and Relay; Electrical Parts Reconditioners; Electrical
connections and parts. Tests signal circuit connections, Power-Line Installers and Repairers; Electronic Equipment
using standard electrical testing equipment. Replaces de- Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles; Electronic Home
fective wiring, broken lenses, or burned-out light bulbs. Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers; Eleva-
Tightens loose bolts, using wrench, and tests circuits and tor Installers and Repairers; Frame Wirers, Central Of-
connections by opening and closing gate. Tests air lines fice; Home Appliance Installers; Home Appliance
and air cylinders on pneumatically operated gates. Inspects Repairers; Office Machine and Cash Register Servicers;
batteries to ensure that batteries are filled with battery water Radio Mechanics; Station Installers and Repairers, Tele-
or to determine need for replacement. Lubricates moving phone; Telecommunications Equipment Installers and
parts on gate crossing mechanisms and swinging signals. Repairers, Except Line Installers; Telecommunications
Maintains high-tension lines, deenergizing lines for power Facility Examiners; Telecommunications Line Installers
company as repairs are requested. Cleans lenses of lamps and Repairers; Transformer Repairers. PERSONALITY
with cloths and solvent. Compiles reports indicating mile- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
age or track inspected, repairs made, and equipment re- work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
quiring replacement. SKILLSInstallation: Installing and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet speci- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
fications. Troubleshooting: Determining causes of oper- of the occupations require working outside and do not
ating errors and deciding what to do about them. involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine mainte-
nance on equipment and determining when and what kind
of maintenance is needed. Repairing: Repairing machines cian. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESPrin-
or systems, using the needed tools. Quality Control Analy-
tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and mainte-
sis: Conducting tests and inspections of products, services,
nance. Transportation: Knowledge of principles and meth-
or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
ods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, including the relative costs and benefits. Telecommuni-
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.02. Electrical cations: Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switch-
and Electronic Systems. Other Job Titles in This Work ing, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Group: Avionics Technicians; Battery Repairers; Central Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
Office and PBX Installers and Repairers; Communication ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
Equipment Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers; Com- fective local, state, or national security operations for the
puter, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers; protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
___________________________________________________________________________ Singers
Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practi- equipment to the design and production of various goods
cal application of engineering science and technology. This and services.

training
Singers Growth: 20.1%
Part-Time: 53.5%
Sing songs on stage, radio, or television or in motion and Orchestrators; Music Directors; Music Directors and
pictures. Sings before audience or recipient of message as Composers; Musicians and Singers; Musicians, Instrumen-
S
soloist or in group, as member of vocal ensemble. Memo- tal; Public Address System and Other Announcers; Radio
rizes musical selections and routines or sings following and Television Announcers; Talent Directors. PERSON-
printed text, musical notation, or customer instructions. ALITY TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently
Observes choral leader or prompter for cues or directions involve working with forms, designs, and patterns. They
in vocal presentation. Practices songs and routines to main- often require self-expression, and the work can be done
tain and improve vocal skills. Interprets or modifies mu- without following a clear set of rules.
sic, applying knowledge of harmony, melody, rhythm, and
voice production, to individualize presentation and main-
Studies; Music Pedagogy; Music Performance, General;
tain audience interest. Sings a cappella or with musical
Music, General; Music, Other; Piano and Organ; Voice
accompaniment. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full
attention to what other people are saying, taking time to and Opera. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
Fine Arts: Knowledge of the theory and techniques re-
quired to compose, produce, and perform works of music,
dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture. English Language:
tions. Speaking: Talking to others to convey information
effectively. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. rules of composition, and grammar. Communications and
and decision-making.
and visual media. Education and Training: Knowledge
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- of principles and methods for curriculum and training
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- and the measurement of training effects. Mathematics:
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers statistics and their applications.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Social and Community

Growth: 24.8%
Service Managers Annual Job Openings: 13,000
Part-Time: 7.2%
Plan, organize, or coordinate the activities of a social GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
service program or community outreach organization. and Social Service. Work Group: 12.01. Managerial Work
Oversee the program or organizations budget and poli- in Education and Social Service. Other Job Titles in This
cies regarding participant involvement, program require- Work Group: Education Administrators, All Other; Edu-
ments, and benefits. Work may involve directing social cation Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School;
workers, counselors, or probation officers. Confers and Education Administrators, Postsecondary; Education Ad-
consults with individuals, groups, and committees to de- ministrators, Preschool and Child Care Center/Program;
termine needs and plan, implement, and extend Instructional Coordinators; Park Naturalists. PERSON-
organizations programs and services. Determines organi- ALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently in-
zational policies and defines scope of services offered and volve working with, communicating with, and teaching
administration of procedures. Establishes and maintains people. These occupations often involve helping or pro-
relationships with other agencies and organizations in com- viding service to others.
munity to meet and not duplicate community needs and
services. Assigns duties to staff or volunteers. Plans, di-
Administration and Management, General; Business,
rects, and prepares fundraising activities and public rela-
tions materials. Researches and analyzes member or
community needs as basis for community development. Other; Business/Commerce, General; Community Orga-
nization and Advocacy; Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneur-
Participates in program activities to serve clients of agency.
ial Studies; Human Services, General; Non-Profit/Public/
Prepares, distributes, and maintains records and reports,
Organizational Management; Public Administration.
such as budgets, personnel records, or training manuals.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESAdministra-
Coordinates volunteer service programs, such as Red Cross,
tion and Management: Knowledge of business and man-
hospital volunteers, or vocational training for disabled in-
dividuals. Speaks to community groups to explain and agement principles involved in strategic planning, resource
interpret agency purpose, programs, and policies. Advises
volunteers and volunteer leaders to ensure quality of pro-
and resources. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
grams and effective use of resources. Instructs and trains
agency staff or volunteers in skills required to provide ser-
vices. Interviews, recruits, or hires volunteers and staff.
Observes workers to evaluate performance and ensure that sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
ation of customer satisfaction. Education and Training:
work meets established standards. SKILLSSpeaking:
Talking to others to convey information effectively. Co-
ordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions.
and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Per-
tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Social
Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and un- and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, train-
derstanding why they react as they do. Service Orienta-
tiation, and personnel information systems. English
tion: Actively looking for ways to help people. Instructing:
Teaching others how to do something. Writing: Commu-
of the audience.
____________________________________________________ Social and Human Service Assistants

on-the-job training
Social and Human Service Annual Earnings: $23,070
Growth: 54.2%
Assistants Annual Job Openings: 45,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 42.4%
Assist professionals from a wide variety of fields, such as SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware of others
psychology, rehabilitation, or social work, to provide cli- reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
ent services as well as support for families. May assist Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
clients in identifying available benefits and social and people. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
community services and help clients obtain them. May other people are saying, taking time to understand the
assist social workers with developing, organizing, and points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
S
conducting programs to prevent and resolve problems not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talk-
relevant to substance abuse, human relationships, reha- ing to others to convey information effectively. Reading
bilitation, or adult daycare. Visits individuals in homes Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
or attends group meetings to provide information on paragraphs in work-related documents.
agency services, requirements, and procedures. Interviews
individuals and family members to compile information
on social, educational, criminal, institutional, or drug his-
tory. Assists clients with preparation of forms, such as tax
or rent forms. Assists in planning of food budget, utiliz-
ing charts and sample budgets. Meets with youth groups
to acquaint them with consequences of delinquent acts. nity and Social Service Specialists, All Other; Counseling
Observes and discusses meal preparation and suggests al-
ternate methods of food preparation. Oversees day-to-day
Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health
group activities of residents in institution. Cares for chil-
dren in clients home during clients appointments. Keeps
Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional Treat-
records and prepares reports for owner or management
concerning visits with clients. Submits to and reviews re- ment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious
Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social Workers,
ports and problems with superior. Informs tenants of fa-
All Other; Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder
cilities such as laundries and playgrounds. Demonstrates
Counselors. PERSONALITY TYPESocial. Social oc-
use and care of equipment for tenant use. Explains rules
cupations frequently involve working with, communicat-
established by owner or management, such as sanitation
ing with, and teaching people. These occupations often
and maintenance requirements and parking regulations.
Transports and accompanies clients to shopping area and involve helping or providing service to others.
to appointments, using automobile. Consults with super- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mental
visor concerning programs for individual families. Observes and Social Health Services and Allied Professions, Other.
clients food selections and recommends alternate economi- RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCustomer
cal and nutritional food choices. Monitors free supple- and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
mentary meal program to ensure cleanliness of facility and cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
that eligibility guidelines are met for persons receiving includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality stan-
meals. Assists in locating housing for displaced individu- dards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
als. Provides information on and refers individuals to public Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth-
or private agencies and community services for assistance. ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and reha-
Advises clients regarding food stamps, child care, food, bilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for
money management, sanitation, and housekeeping. career counseling and guidance. Psychology: Knowledge
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
of human behavior and performance; individual differ- ing and instruction for individuals and groups, and the
ences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and measurement of training effects. Clerical Studies: Knowl-
motivation; psychological research methods; and the as- edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems,
sessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disor- such as word processing, managing files and records, ste-
ders. Education and Training: Knowledge of principles nography and transcription, designing forms, and other
and methods for curriculum and training design, teach- office procedures and terminology.

Social Sciences Teachers,

Annual Earnings: No data available.
Growth: 23.5%
Postsecondary, All Other Annual Job Openings: 184,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
All postsecondary social sciences teachers not listed sepa- Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
rately. SKILLSNo data available. ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
No data available.
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Social
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Science Teacher Education; Social Sciences, General. RE-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.
_______________________________________________________________________ Sociologists

Social Work Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in social work. SKILLSNo data ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
available. Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
S
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
No data available.
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical/
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School Medical Social Work; Social Work; Teacher Education and
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, Other.
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- available.

Sociologists

Growth: 17.2%
Self-Employed: 5.2%
Part-Time: 18.1%
Study human society and social behavior by examining nomena, such as community, associations, social institu-
the groups and social institutions that people form, as tions, ethnic minorities, and social change. Plans and di-
well as various social, religious, political, and business rects research on crime and prevention, group relations in
organizations. May study the behavior and interaction industrial organization, urban communities, and physical
of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the environment and technology. Directs work of statistical
influence of group activities on individual members. clerks, statisticians, and others. Collaborates with research
Collects and analyzes scientific data concerning social phe- workers in other disciplines. Prepares publications and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
reports on subjects such as social factors that affect health, gists; Anthropologists and Archeologists; Archeologists;
demographic characteristics, and social and racial discrimi- City Planning Aides; Economists; Historians; Industrial-
nation in society. Interprets methods employed and find- Organizational Psychologists; Political Scientists; Psycholo-
ings to individuals within agency and community. Consults gists, All Other; Social Science Research Assistants; Social
with lawmakers, administrators, and other officials who Scientists and Related Workers, All Other; Survey Research-
deal with problems of social change. Monitors group iners; Urban and Regional Planners. PERSONALITY
teraction and role affiliations to evaluate progress and to TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently
determine need for additional change. Develops interven- involve working with ideas and require an extensive amount
tion procedures, utilizing techniques such as interviews, of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for
consultations, role-playing, and participant observation of facts and figuring out problems mentally.
group interaction to facilitate solution. Analyzes and evalu-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Crimi-
ates data. Collects information and makes judgments
nology; Demography and Population Studies; Sociology;
through observation, interview, and review of documents.
Urban Studies/Affairs. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Constructs and tests methods of data collection. Devel-
COURSESSociology and Anthropology: Knowledge
ops approaches to solution of groups problems based on
of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and in-
findings and incorporating sociological research and study
in related disciplines. Develops research designs on basis fluences, human migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and
their history and origins. English Language: Knowledge
of existing knowledge and evolving theory. Observes group
interaction and interviews group members to identify prob-
lems and collect data related to factors such as group orga-
nization and authority relationships. SKILLSWriting:
the needs of the audience. Mathematics: Using mathemat- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
ics to solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Under-
methods, and coordination of people and resources. Edu-
documents. Active Learning: Understanding the implica-
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and ment of training effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
applications. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior
and performance; individual differences in ability, person-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, ality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychologi-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci- cal research methods; and the assessment and treatment
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthropolo- of behavioral and affective disorders.

Sociology Teachers,

Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 32.3%
Teach courses in sociology. Prepares and delivers lectures mittee providing professional consulting services to gov-
to students. Stimulates class discussions. Compiles, ad- ernment and industry. Acts as adviser to student organi-
ministers, and grades examinations or assigns this work to zations. Conducts research in particular field of knowledge
others. Compiles bibliographies of specialized materials and publishes findings in professional journals. Directs
for outside reading assignments. Serves on faculty com- research of other teachers or graduate students working
_____________________________________________________ Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary
for advanced academic degrees. Advises students on aca- Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
demic and vocational curricula. SKILLSReading Com- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
prehension: Understanding written sentences and tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
paragraphs in work-related documents. Instructing: Teach- Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
ing others how to do something. Speaking: Talking to cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
others to convey information effectively. Active Learning: Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
Understanding the implications of new information for Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
both current and future problem-solving and decision- Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
making. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
other people are saying, taking time to understand the Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Writing: Com- Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
municating effectively in writing as appropriate for the vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
needs of the audience. Learning Strategies: Selecting and Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
using training/instructional methods and procedures ap- Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
S
propriate for the situation when learning or teaching new Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
things. Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONALITY TYPE
Social. Social occupations frequently involve working with,
communicating with, and teaching people. These occu-
pations often involve helping or providing service to oth-
ers.
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Social
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Science Teacher Education; Sociology. RELATED
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training:
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, training design, teaching and instruction for individuals
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, and groups, and the measurement of training effects. So-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- ciology and Anthropology: Knowledge of group behav-
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- ior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; migrations, ethnicity, and cultures and their history and
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, origins. History and Archeology: Knowledge of histori-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; cal events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi-
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, lizations and cultures. Psychology: Knowledge of human
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, behavior and performance; individual differences in abil-
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- ity, personality, and interests; learning and motivation;
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School psychological research methods; and the assessment and
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special treatment of behavioral and affective disorders. English
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- English language, including the meaning and spelling of
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Solderers Growth: 19.3%
Self-Employed: 3.7%
Part-Time: 8.6%
Solder together components to assemble fabricated metal Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders;
products, using soldering iron. Melts and applies solder Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op-
along adjoining edges of workpieces to solder joints, using erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
soldering iron, gas torch, or electric-ultrasonic equipment. ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting
Grinds, cuts, buffs, or bends edges of workpieces to be and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
joined to ensure snug fit, using power grinder and hand Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
tools. Removes workpieces from molten solder and holds Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
parts together until color indicates that solder has set. Cleans Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
workpieces, using chemical solution, file, wire brush, or ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
grinder. Cleans tip of soldering iron, using chemical solu- Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
tion or cleaning compound. Melts and separates soldered chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
joints to repair misaligned or damaged assemblies, using truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
soldering equipment. Applies flux to workpiece surfaces in Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
preparation for soldering. Heats soldering iron or workpiece chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
to specified temperature for soldering, using gas flame or Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
electric current. Dips workpieces into molten solder or Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
places solder strip between seams and heats seam with iron Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
to band items together. Aligns and clamps workpieces to- Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
gether, using rule, square, or hand tools, or positions items Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
in fixtures, jigs, or vise. Melts and applies solder to fill holes, Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
indentations, and seams of fabricated metal products, using Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
ing soldering equipment. SKILLSOperation and Con- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
equipment needed to do a job. Equipment Maintenance: and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and de- ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
termining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con- Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
_____________________________________ Soldering and Brazing Machine Operators and Tenders
structures, such as highways and roads. Production and dures, and equipment to the design and production of
Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production pro- various goods and services. Chemistry: Knowledge of the
cesses, quality control, costs, and other techniques for chemical composition, structure, and properties of sub-
maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of stances and of the chemical processes and transformations
goods. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and
practical application of engineering science and technol- their interactions, danger signs, production techniques,
ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce- and disposal methods.

Soldering and Brazing training
Machine Operators and Growth: 15.1%
Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 8.6%
S
Operate or tend soldering and brazing machines that Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi-
braze, solder, or spot weld fabricated metal products or cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip-
components as specified by work orders, blueprints, and ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling
layout specifications. Operates or tends soldering and Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and
brazing machines that braze, solder, or spot weld fabri- Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders,
cated products or components. Adds chemicals and ma- Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op-
terials to workpieces or machines, using hand tools. Cleans erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con-
and maintains workpieces and machines, using equipment trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic;
and hand tools. Reads and records operational informa- Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders;
tion on specified production reports. Examines and tests Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op-
soldered or brazed products or components, using testing erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
devices. Removes workpieces and parts from machinery, ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting
using hand tools. Loads and adjusts workpieces, clamps, and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
and parts onto machine, using hand tools. Moves con- Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
trols to activate and adjust soldering and brazing machines. Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
Observes meters, gauges, and machine to ensure solder or Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
brazing process meets specifications. SKILLSOperation ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
to make sure a machine is working properly. Operation chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
and Control: Controlling operations of equipment or sys- truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
tems. Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine main- Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
tenance on equipment and determining when and what chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
kind of maintenance is needed. Equipment Selection: Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
do a job. Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
quality or performance. Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, qual-
ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters; ity control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing
Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. De-
TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve sign: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
work activities that include practical, hands-on problems ciples involved in production of precision technical plans,
and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and blueprints, drawings, and models. Chemistry: Knowledge
real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of
of the occupations require working outside and do not substances and of the chemical processes and transforma-
involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. tions that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding and disposal methods. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of
Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
repair, and maintenance. Production and Processing:

Soldering and Brazing on-the-job training
Machine Setters and Set-Up Growth: 15.1%
Operators Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 8.6%
Set up or set up and operate soldering or brazing ma- ponents. Starts machine to complete trial run, readjusts
chines to braze, solder, heat-treat, or spot weld fabri- machine, and records setup data. Fills hoppers and posi-
cated metal products or components as specified by work tions spout to direct flow of flux or manually brushes flux
orders, blueprints, and layout specifications. Selects torch onto seams of workpieces. SKILLSOperation and Con-
tips, alloy, flux, coil, tubing and wire, according to metal trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
type and thickness, data charts, and records. Sets dials and Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspec-
timing controls to regulate electrical current, gas flow pres- tions of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality
sure, heating/cooling cycles, and shutoff. Connects, forms, or performance. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges,
and installs parts to braze, heat-treat, and spot weld dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is work-
workpiece, metal parts, and components. Positions, aligns, ing properly. Instructing: Teaching others how to do some-
and bolts holding fixtures, guides, and stops onto or into thing. Installation: Installing equipment, machines,
brazing machine to position and hold workpieces. Cleans, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Equipment
lubricates, and adjusts equipment to maintain efficient Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment
operation, using air hose, cleaning fluid, and hand tools. needed to do a job.
Examines workpiece for defective seams, solidification, and
adherence to specifications and anneals finished workpiece
to relieve internal stress. Disconnects electrical current and
removes and immerses workpiece into water or acid bath
to cool and clean component. Operates and trains work- Assemblers; Aircraft Structure Assemblers, Precision; Air-
ers to operate heat-treating equipment to bond fabricated
metal components according to blueprints, work orders,
or specifications. Manipulates levers to synchronize braz-
ing action or to move workpiece through brazing process.
Assembles, aligns, and clamps workpieces into holding fix-
ture to bond, heat-treat, or solder fabricated metal coming, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters and Set-Up
_______________________________________________ Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
ters, Operators, and Tenders; Combination Machine Tool hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting, plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten- and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians; outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and closely with others.
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrical and Electronic Equip-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plas- edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
structures, such as highways and roads. Engineering and
S
Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of
Gem and Diamond Workers; Grinding, Honing, Lapping, engineering science and technology. This includes apply-
Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and prin-
blueprints, drawings, and models. Physics: Knowledge and
Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip- prediction of physical principles and laws and their inter-
terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER- instruction for individuals and groups, and the measure-
ment of training effects.
SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations

Special Education Teachers,

Growth: 24.4%
Middle School

Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.9%
Teach middle school subjects to educationally and physi- dents in academic subjects, utilizing various teaching tech-
cally handicapped students. Includes teachers who spe- niques, such as phonetics, multisensory learning, and rep-
cialize and work with audibly and visually handicapped etition, to reinforce learning. Instructs students in daily
students and those who teach basic academic and life living skills required for independent maintenance and
processes skills to the mentally impaired. Teaches socially economic self-sufficiency, such as hygiene, safety, and food
acceptable behavior, employing techniques such as behav- preparation. Plans curriculum and other instructional
ior modification and positive reinforcement. Instructs stu- materials to meet students needs, considering such fac-
dents, using special educational strategies and techniques tors as physical, emotional, and educational abilities. Ad-
to improve sensory-motor and perceptual-motor devel- ministers and interprets results of ability and achievement
opment, memory, language, and cognition. Instructs stu- tests. Confers with other staff members to plan programs
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
designed to promote educational, physical, and social de- Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
velopment of students. Provides consistent reinforcement Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
to learning and continuous feedback to student. Meets ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
with parents to provide support, guidance in using com- Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
munity resources, and skills in dealing with students learn- erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
ing impairment. Observes, evaluates, and prepares reports tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
on progress of students. Works with students to increase Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
motivation. Confers with parents, administrators, testing cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
specialists, social workers, and others to develop individual Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
educational plan for student. Selects and teaches reading Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
material and math problems related to everyday life of Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
individual student. SKILLSLearning Strategies: Select- Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
ing and using training/instructional methods and proce- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
dures appropriate for the situation when learning or Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
teaching new things. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
of others reactions and understanding why they react as vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
they do. Instructing: Teaching others how to do some- Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
thing. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
people are saying, taking time to understand the points Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONALITY TYPE
terrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talking to Social. Social occupations frequently involve working with,
others to convey information effectively. Monitoring: communicating with, and teaching people. These occu-
Monitoring/Assessing your performance or that of other pations often involve helping or providing service to oth-
individuals or organizations to make improvements or take ers.
corrective action.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Special
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Education and Teaching, General. RELATED KNOWL-
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- EDGE/COURSESEducation and Training: Knowl-
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; and the measurement of training effects. Psychology:
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; Knowledge of human behavior and performance; indi-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn-
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, disorders. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of prin-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- ciples, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment,
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; for career counseling and guidance. English Language:
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Knowledge of the structure and content of the English
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, rules of composition, and grammar. Customer and Per-
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, sonal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- providing customer and personal services. This includes
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
_____________________ Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and Elementary School

Preschool, Kindergarten,

Growth: 36.8%
and Elementary School Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.9%
Teach elementary and preschool school subjects to edu- priate times. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your per-
cationally and physically handicapped students. Includes formance or that of other individuals or organizations to
teachers who specialize and work with audibly and visu- make improvements or take corrective action. Speaking:
ally handicapped students and those who teach basic Talking to others to convey information effectively.
academic and life processes skills to the mentally im-
paired. Teaches socially acceptable behavior, employing
S
techniques such as behavior modification and positive re-
inforcement. Instructs students in academic subjects, uti-
lizing various teaching techniques, such as phonetics,
multisensory learning, and repetition, to reinforce learn-
ing. Instructs students, using special educational strate- Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary;
gies and techniques to improve sensory-motor and
perceptual-motor development, memory, language, and
cognition. Plans curriculum and other instructional ma-
terials to meet students needs, considering such factors as
physical, emotional, and educational abilities. Adminis-
ters and interprets results of ability and achievement tests. logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
Confers with other staff members to plan programs de-
signed to promote educational, physical, and social devel-
opment of students. Provides consistent reinforcement to
learning and continuous feedback to student. Meets with
parents to provide support, guidance in using community
resources, and skills in dealing with students learning Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
impairment. Observes, evaluates, and prepares reports on
progress of students. Works with students to increase
motivation. Confers with parents, administrators, testing
specialists, social workers, and others to develop individual
educational plan for student. Selects and teaches reading
material and math problems related to everyday life of Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
individual student. Instructs students in daily living skills
required for independent maintenance and economic self-
sufficiency, such as hygiene, safety, and food preparation.
SKILLSLearning Strategies: Selecting and using train-
ing/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for
the situation when learning or teaching new things. So- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
cial Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and
understanding why they react as they do. Instructing:
Teaching others how to do something. Active Listening:
ing time to understand the points being made, asking
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion Including Blindness; Special Education and Teaching, Gen-
Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary; eral; Special Education and Teaching, Other. RELATED
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and Training:
Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONALITY TYPE Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
Social. Social occupations frequently involve working with, training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
communicating with, and teaching people. These occu- groups, and the measurement of training effects. Psychol-
pations often involve helping or providing service to oth- ogy: Knowledge of human behavior and performance; in-
ers. dividual differences in ability, personality, and interests;
learning and motivation; psychological research methods;
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Educa-
tion/Teaching of Individuals with Autism; Education/ tive disorders. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of
Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances; Edu-
cation/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments,
Including Deafness; Education/Teaching of Individuals with
tions and for career counseling and guidance. English
Mental Retardation; Education/Teaching of Individuals
with Multiple Disabilities; Education/Teaching of Individu-
als with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impair- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Customer and
ments; Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific
Learning Disabilities; Education/Teaching of Individuals
with Speech or Language Impairments; Education/Teach-
ing of Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injuries; Educa-
tion/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments,


Growth: 24.6%
Secondary School Annual Job Openings: 8,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.9%
Teach secondary school subjects to educationally and of ability and achievement tests. Instructs students in aca-
physically handicapped students. Includes teachers who demic subjects, utilizing various teaching techniques, such
specialize and work with audibly and visually handi- as phonetics, multisensory learning, and repetition, to re-
capped students and those who teach basic academic and inforce learning. Instructs students in daily living skills
life processes skills to the mentally impaired. Teaches required for independent maintenance and economic self-
socially acceptable behavior, employing techniques such sufficiency, such as hygiene, safety, and food preparation.
as behavior modification and positive reinforcement. Con- Selects and teaches reading material and math problems
fers with parents, administrators, testing specialists, social related to everyday life of individual student. Plans cur-
workers, and others to develop individual educational plan riculum and other instructional materials to meet students
for student. Works with students to increase motivation. needs, considering such factors as physical, emotional, and
Meets with parents to provide support, guidance in using educational abilities. Instructs students, using special edu-
community resources, and skills in dealing with students cational strategies and techniques to improve sensory-
learning impairment. Observes, evaluates, and prepares motor and perceptual-motor development, memory,
reports on progress of students. Provides consistent rein- language, and cognition. SKILLSLearning Strategies:
forcement to learning and continuous feedback to stu- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and
dent. Confers with other staff members to plan programs procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or
designed to promote educational, physical, and social de- teaching new things. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware
velopment of students. Administers and interprets results of others reactions and understanding why they react as
_________________________________________________________ Speech-Language Pathologists
they do. Instructing: Teaching others how to do some- Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
thing. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
mance or that of other individuals or organizations to make Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
improvements or take corrective action. Active Listening: Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak- Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
ing time to understand the points being made, asking Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
mation effectively. Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
Social. Social occupations frequently involve working with,
communicating with, and teaching people. These occu-
pations often involve helping or providing service to oth-
S
ers.
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Special
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, Education and Teaching, General. RELATED KNOWL-
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, EDGE/COURSESEducation and Training: Knowl-
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach- design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; and the measurement of training effects. Therapy and
Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers, Counseling: Knowledge of principles, methods, and pro-
Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary; cedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, physical and mental dysfunctions and for career counsel-
Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers, ing and guidance. Psychology: Knowledge of human be-
Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu- havior and performance; individual differences in ability,
cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English ment of behavioral and affective disorders. English
Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi- Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and English language, including the meaning and spelling of
Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Customer and
erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva- Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and processes
tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers, for providing customer and personal services. This includes
Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe- customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for
cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers, services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Speech-Language

Growth: 39.2%
Pathologists Annual Job Openings: 4,000
Part-Time: 20.8%
Assess and treat persons with speech, language, voice, cation systems and teach their use. May perform research
and fluency disorders. May select alternative communi- related to speech and language problems. Administers
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
hearing or speech/language evaluations, tests, or examina- Physical Therapists; Radiation Therapists; Recreational
tions to patients to collect information on type and de- Therapists; Respiratory Therapists; Respiratory Therapy
gree of impairment. Counsels and instructs clients in Technicians; Therapists, All Other. PERSONALITY
techniques to improve speech or hearing impairment, in- TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
cluding sign language or lip-reading. Refers clients to ad- working with, communicating with, and teaching people.
ditional medical or educational services if needed. These occupations often involve helping or providing ser-
Participates in conferences or training to update or share vice to others.
knowledge of new hearing or speech disorder treatment
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Audiol-
methods or technology. Advises educators or other medi-
ogy/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Patholo-
cal staff on speech or hearing topics. Records and main-
tains reports of speech or hearing research or treatments. gist; Communication Disorders Sciences and Services,
Other; Communication Disorders, General; Speech-Lan-
Evaluates hearing and speech/language test results and
guage Pathology/Pathologist. RELATED KNOWL-
medical or background information to determine hearing
EDGE/COURSESTherapy and Counseling:
or speech impairment and treatment. Conducts or directs
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for di-
research and reports findings on speech or hearing topics
agnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and
to develop procedures, technology, or treatments.
SKILLSWriting: Communicating effectively in writ- mental dysfunctions and for career counseling and guid-
ance. Medicine and Dentistry: Knowledge of the infor-
ing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Reading
mation and techniques needed to diagnose and treat
paragraphs in work-related documents. Instructing: Teach-
ing others how to do something. Speaking: Talking to
interactions, and preventive health-care measures. English
others to convey information effectively. Critical Think-
ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Education and
approaches to problems. Active Learning: Understanding
riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
future problem-solving and decision-making. Learning
Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional meth-
ods and procedures appropriate for the situation when effects. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of
learning or teaching new things.
lection, training, compensation and benefits, labor rela-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and tions and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Health Services. Work Group: 14.06. Medical Therapy. Administration and Management: Knowledge of busi-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Audiologists; ness and management principles involved in strategic plan-
Massage Therapists; Occupational Therapist Aides; Oc- ning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
cupational Therapist Assistants; Occupational Therapists; leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
Physical Therapist Aides; Physical Therapist Assistants; nation of people and resources.

training
Spotters, Dry Cleaning Growth: 11.4%
Part-Time: 26.3%
Identify stains in wool, synthetic, and silk garments and type of fabric and nature of stain. Inspects spots to ascer-
household fabrics and apply chemical solutions to re- tain composition and select solvent. Operates drycleaning
move stain. Determine spotting procedures on basis of machine. Applies chemicals to neutralize effect of solvents.
____________________________________________________________________ Statement Clerks
Sprays steam, water, or air over spot to flush out chemi- Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
cals, dry material, raise nap, or brighten color. Cleans fab- include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
ric, using vacuum or air hose. Spreads article on worktable often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
and positions stain over vacuum head or on marble slab. like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
Mixes bleaching agent with hot water in vats and soaks tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
material until it is bleached. Applies bleaching powder to paperwork or working closely with others.
spot and sprays with steam to remove stains from certain
fabrics which do not respond to other cleaning solvents.
Sprinkles chemical solvents over stain and pats area with
brush or sponge until stain is removed. SKILLSEquip-
ment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equip- ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical
processes and transformations that they undergo. This in-
ment needed to do a job.
cludes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 11. Recreation, signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. Cus-
Travel, and Other Personal Services. Work Group: 11.06. tomer and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and
S
Apparel, Shoes, Leather, and Fabric Care. Other Job Titles processes for providing customer and personal services.
in This Work Group: Custom Tailors; Fabric Menders, This includes customer needs assessment, meeting qual-
Except Garment; Laundry and Drycleaning Machine ity standards for services, and evaluation of customer sat-
Operators and Tenders, Except Pressing; Laundry and Dry- isfaction. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
Cleaning Workers; Precision Dyers; Pressers, Delicate Fab- geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
rics; Pressers, Hand; Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
Materials; Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers; Shop ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
and Alteration Tailors; Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom fective local, state, or national security operations for the
Sewers; Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers, All protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Other; Upholsterers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic.

training
Statement Clerks Growth: 8.5%
Self-Employed: 4.0%
Part-Time: 19.1%
Prepare and distribute bank statements to customers, age. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding
answer inquiries, and reconcile discrepancies in records written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
and accounts. Compares previously prepared bank statements. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
ments with canceled checks, prepares statements for dis- other people are saying, taking time to understand the
tribution to customers, and reconciles discrepancies in points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
records and accounts. Keeps canceled checks and customer not interrupting at inappropriate times. Mathematics:
signature files. Encodes and cancels checks, using machine. Using mathematics to solve problems. Speaking: Talking
Takes orders for imprinted checks. Posts stop-payment to others to convey information effectively. Critical Think-
notices to prevent payment of protested checks. Routes ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths
statements for mailing or over-the-counter delivery to and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or
customers. Recovers checks returned to customer in error, approaches to problems.
adjusts customer account, and answers inquiries. Matches
statement with batch of canceled checks by account num-
Detail. Work Group: 09.03. Bookkeeping, Auditing, and
ber. Inserts statements and canceled checks in envelopes
and affixes postage or stuffs envelopes and meters post- Accounting. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bill-
ing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators; Billing,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Cost, and Rate Clerks; Bookkeeping, Accounting, and office procedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowl-
Auditing Clerks; Brokerage Clerks; Payroll and Timekeep- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
ing Clerks; Tax Preparers. PERSONALITY TYPECon- tics and their applications. Economics and Accounting:
ventional. Conventional occupations frequently involve Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and
following set procedures and routines. These occupations practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis
can include working with data and details more than with and reporting of financial data. Customer and Personal
ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. Service: Knowledge of principles and processes for provid-
ing customer and personal services. This includes customer
needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services,
and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Computers and
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESClerical Studies: Knowl- Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
ware, including applications and programming.

training
Stevedores, Annual Earnings: $19,440
Growth: 13.9%
Except Equipment Operators Annual Job Openings: 519,000
Self-Employed: 1.6%
Part-Time: 16.2%
Manually load and unload ship cargo. Stack cargo in tran- PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
sit shed or in hold of ship, using pallet or cargo board. frequently involve work activities that include practical,
Attach and move slings to lift cargo. Guide load lift. hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
Carries or moves cargo by hand truck to wharf and stacks plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
cargo on pallets to facilitate transfer to and from ship. and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
Stacks cargo in transit shed or in hold of ship as directed. outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Attaches and moves slings used to lift cargo. Guides load closely with others.
being lifted to prevent swinging. Shores cargo in ships
hold to prevent shifting during voyage. SKILLSActive
inappropriate times. Reading Comprehension: Under-
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related distribution of goods. Transportation: Knowledge of prin-
ciples and methods for moving people or goods by air,
documents.
rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta- Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
tion. Work Group: 07.08. Support Work. Other Job Titles methods, and tools involved in the construction or repair
in This Work Group: Freight Inspectors; Railroad Yard of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as highways
Workers; Train Crew Members; Transportation Inspectors. and roads.
______________________________________________________________ Stock Clerks, Sales Floor

training
Stock Clerks and Order Fillers Growth: 8.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 12.8%
Receive, store, and issue sales floor merchandise, mate- ing Clerks; Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales; Postal
rials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, ware- Service Mail Carriers; Postal Service Mail Sorters, Proces-
house, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or sors, and Processing Machine Operators; Shipping, Re-
customers orders. May mark prices on merchandise and ceiving, and Traffic Clerks; Stock ClerksStockroom,
set up sales displays. SKILLSNo data available. Warehouse, or Storage Yard; Weighers, Measurers, Check-
ers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping. PERSONALITY
S
Detail. Work Group: 09.08. Records and Materials Pro-
cessing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cargo EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Retailing
and Freight Agents; Couriers and Messengers; Mail Clerks, and Retail Operations. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Except Mail Machine Operators and Postal Service; Mark- COURSESNo data available.

training
Stock Clerks, Sales Floor Growth: 8.5%
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 13.7%
Receive, store, and issue sales floor merchandise. Stock related materials to size requested by customer. Packs cus-
shelves, racks, cases, bins, and tables with merchandise tomer purchases in bags or cartons. Transports packages
and arrange merchandise displays to attract customers. to customer vehicle. SKILLSReading Comprehension:
May periodically take physical count of stock or check Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-
and mark merchandise. Receives, opens, and unpacks related documents. Active Listening: Giving full atten-
cartons or crates of merchandise and checks invoice against tion to what other people are saying, taking time to
items received. Takes inventory or examines merchandise understand the points being made, asking questions as
to identify items to be reordered or replenished. Requisi- appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
tions merchandise from supplier based on available space, Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
merchandise on hand, customer demand, or advertised people. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of others re-
specials. Stamps, attaches, or changes price tags on mer- actions and understanding why they react as they do.
chandise, referring to price list. Stocks storage areas and Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
displays with new or transferred merchandise. Sets up ad-
vertising signs and displays merchandise on shelves,
Marketing. Work Group: 10.03. General Sales. Other Job
counters, or tables to attract customers and promote sales.
Titles in This Work Group: Parts Salespersons; Real Es-
Cleans display cases, shelves, and aisles. Itemizes and to-
tate Brokers; Real Estate Sales Agents; Retail Salespersons;
tals customer merchandise selection at checkout counter,
using cash register, and accepts cash or charge card for Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Ex-
cept Technical and Scientific Products; Service Station
purchases. Answers questions and advises customer in se-
Attendants; Travel Agents. PERSONALITY TYPERe-
lection of merchandise. Cuts lumber, screening, glass, and
alistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work ac-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
tivities that include practical, hands-on problems and so- edge of principles and processes for providing customer
lutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real- and personal services. This includes customer needs as-
world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of sessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evalu-
the occupations require working outside and do not in- ation of customer satisfaction. Sales and Marketing:
volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, pro-
cessing, managing files and records, stenography and edge of the structure and content of the English language,
and terminology. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-

on-the-job training
Stock ClerksStockroom, Annual Earnings: $19,060
Growth: 8.5%
Warehouse, or Storage Yard Annual Job Openings: 467,000
Self-Employed: 0.1%
Part-Time: 13.7%
Receive, store, and issue materials, equipment, and other records with sales orders, invoices, or requisitions to verify
items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard. Keep accuracy and receipt of items. Locates and selects mate-
records and compile stock reports. Receives, counts, and rial, supplies, tools, equipment, or other articles from stock
stores stock items and records data, manually or using or issues stock item to workers. Compiles, reviews, and
computer. Assists or directs workers to other stockroom, maintains data from contracts, purchase orders, requisi-
warehouse, or storage yard. Adjusts, repairs, assembles, or tions, and other documents to determine supply needs.
prepares products, supplies, equipment, or other items Determines method of storage, identification, and stock
according to specifications or customer requirements. Ex- location based on turnover, environmental factors, and
amines and inspects stock items for wear or defects, re- physical capacity of facility. Packs, unpacks, and marks
ports damage to supervisor, and disposes of or returns items stock items, using identification tag, stamp, electric mark-
to vendor. Confers with engineering and purchasing per- ing tool, or other labeling equipment. Records nature,
sonnel and vendors regarding procurement and stock avail- quantity, value, or location of material, supplies, or equip-
ability. Purchases or prepares documents to purchase new ment received, shipped, used, or issued to workers.
or additional stock and recommends disposal of excess, SKILLSMathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
defective, or obsolete stock. Receives and fills orders or lems. Reading Comprehension: Understanding written
sells supplies, materials, and products to customers. Pre- sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
pares documents such as inventory balance, price lists, Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appro-
shortages, expenditures, and periodic reports, using com- priate for the needs of the audience. Active Listening:
puter, typewriter, or calculator. Verifies computations Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak-
against physical count of stock, adjusts for errors, or in- ing time to understand the points being made, asking
vestigates discrepancies. Delivers products, supplies, and questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
equipment to designated area and determines sequence priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
and release of backorders according to stock availability. mation effectively.
Drives truck to pick up incoming stock or deliver parts to
designated locations. Cleans and maintains supplies, tools,
equipment, instruments, and storage areas to ensure com-
pliance to safety regulations. Compares office inventory cessing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cargo
______________________________________________________________________ Stonemasons
and Freight Agents; Couriers and Messengers; Mail Clerks, cessing, managing files and records, stenography and tran-
Except Mail Machine Operators and Postal Service; Mark- scription, designing forms, and other office procedures and
ing Clerks; Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales; Postal terminology. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
Service Mail Carriers; Postal Service Mail Sorters, Proces- gebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
sors, and Processing Machine Operators; Shipping, Re- tions. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit
ceiving, and Traffic Clerks; Stock Clerks and Order Fillers; boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com-
Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, puter hardware and software, including applications and
Recordkeeping. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. programming. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge
Conventional occupations frequently involve following set of economic and accounting principles and practices, the
procedures and routines. These occupations can include financial markets, banking, and the analysis and report-
working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu- ing of financial data. English Language: Knowledge of
ally there is a clear line of authority to follow. the structure and content of the English language, includ-
tion, and grammar. Production and Processing:
S
tive and clerical procedures and systems, such as word pro- the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

training
Stonemasons Growth: 20.8%
Part-Time: 8.7%
Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abut- place according to layout or pattern. Aligns and levels stone
ments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special types of ma- or marble, using measuring devices such as rule, square,
sonry for vats, tanks, and floors. Shapes, trims, faces, and and plumbline. SKILLSEquipment Selection: Deter-
cuts marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power mining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a
saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools. Mixes mortar job. Operation and Control: Controlling operations of
or grout and pours or spreads mortar or grout on marble equipment or systems. Mathematics: Using mathematics
slabs, stone, or foundation. Cleans excess mortar or grout to solve problems.
from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge,
brush, water, or acid. Lines interiors of molds with treated
paper and fills molds with composition-stone mixture.
Repairs cracked or chipped areas of ornamental stone or struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat
marble surface, using blowtorch and mastic. Drills holes
in marble or ornamental stone and anchors bracket. Digs
trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.
Removes sections of monument from truck bed and guides
stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane.
Positions mold along guidelines of wall, presses mold in Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance
place, and removes mold and paper from wall. Smoothes,
polishes, and bevels surfaces, using hand tools and power
tools. Finishes joints between stones, using trowel. Lays
out wall pattern or foundation of monument, using
straightedge, rule, or staked lines. Sets stone or marble in
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi- often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators; like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers; tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators; paperwork or working closely with others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Mason/
curity and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pav- and roads. Principles of Mechanical Devices: Knowledge
of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, re-
pair, and maintenance. Design: Knowledge of design tech-
Stone Cutters and Carvers; Structural Iron and Steel Work-
ers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finishers; Tile and
Marble Setters. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Re-
els. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, ge-
alistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They ometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.

Storage and Distribution Annual Earnings: $57,240
Growth: 20.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, and coordinate the storage and distribution equipment and prepares work orders for testing, mainte-
operations within an organization or the activities of nance, or repair. Develops and implements plans for facil-
organizations that are engaged in storing and distribut- ity modification or expansion, such as equipment purchase
ing materials and products. Establishes standard and or changes in space allocation or structural design. Nego-
emergency operating procedures for receiving, handling, tiates contracts, settlements, and freight-handling agree-
storing, shipping, or salvaging products or materials. Ex- ments to resolve problems between foreign and domestic
amines products or materials to estimate quantities or shippers. Plans, develops, and implements warehouse safety
weight and type of container required for storage or trans- and security programs and activities. Confers with depart-
port. Interacts with customers or shippers to solicit new ment heads to coordinate warehouse activities, such as
business, answer questions about services offered or reproduction, sales, records control, and purchasing.
quired, and investigate complaints. Prepares or directs SKILLSManagement of Personnel Resources: Moti-
preparation of correspondence, reports, and operations, vating, developing, and directing people as they work, iden-
maintenance, and safety manuals. Schedules air or surface tifying the best people for the job. Negotiation: Bringing
pickup, delivery, or distribution of products or materials. others together and trying to reconcile differences. Writ-
Interviews, selects, and trains warehouse and supervisory ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
personnel. Examines invoices and shipping manifests for for the needs of the audience. Coordination: Adjusting
conformity to tariff and customs regulations and contacts actions in relation to others actions. Monitoring: Moni-
customs officials to effect release of shipments. Reviews toring/Assessing your performance or that of other indi-
invoices, work orders, consumption reports, and demand viduals or organizations to make improvements or take
forecasts to estimate peak delivery periods and issue work corrective action. Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs
assignments. Supervises the activities of worker engaged and product requirements to create a design. Speaking:
in receiving, storing, testing, and shipping products or Talking to others to convey information effectively.
materials. Inspects physical condition of warehouse and
_______________________________________________________ Structural Iron and Steel Workers
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Aeronau-

Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General tics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General;
Management Work and Management of Support Func- Aviation/Airway Management and Operations; Business
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex- Administration and Management, General; Business/
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, Commerce, General; Logistics and Materials Management;
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- Public Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral COURSESAdministration and Management: Knowl-
Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government edge of business and management principles involved in
Service Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources
Resources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and
Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private coordination of people and resources. Personnel and
Sector Executives; Property, Real Estate, and Community Human Resources: Knowledge of principles and proce-
Association Managers; Public Relations Managers; Pur- dures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, com-
chasing Managers; Training and Development Managers; pensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation,
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers; Trea- and personnel information systems. Mathematics: Knowl-
S
surers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers. PER- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising tics and their applications. Transportation: Knowledge of
occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying principles and methods for moving people or goods by
out projects. These occupations can involve leading people air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and ben-
and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk efits. Production and Processing: Knowledge of raw ma-
taking and often deal with business. terials, production processes, quality control, costs, and
ture and distribution of goods.

training
Structural Iron and Steel Annual Earnings: $38,950
Growth: 18.4%
Workers Annual Job Openings: 12,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 4.9%
Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, using tongs. Verifies vertical and horizontal alignment of
and other structural members to form completed struc- structural-steel members, using plumb bob and level. Bolts
tures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage aligned structural-steel members in position until they can
tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings. Guides be permanently riveted, bolted, or welded in place. Pulls,
structural-steel member, using tab line (rope), or rides on pushes, or pries structural-steel member into approximate
member in order to guide it into position. Fastens struc- position while member is supported by hoisting device.
tural-steel members to cable of hoist, using chain, cable, Forces structural-steel members into final position, using
or rope. Signals worker operating hoisting equipment to turnbuckles, crowbars, jacks, and hand tools. Drives drift
lift and place structural-steel member. Sets up hoisting pins through rivet holes to align rivet holes in structural-
equipment for raising and placing structural-steel mem- steel member with corresponding holes in previously placed
bers. Inserts sealing strips, wiring, insulating material, lad- member. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting actions in
ders, flanges, gauges, and valves, depending on type of relation to others actions. Installation: Installing equip-
structure being assembled. Cuts and welds steel members ment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifica-
to make alterations, using oxyacetylene welding equip- tions. Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools
ment. Bucks (holds) rivets while pneumatic riveter uses and equipment needed to do a job. Operation and Con-
air-hammer to form heads on rivets. Catches hot rivets trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
tossed by rivet heater in bucket and inserts rivets in holes,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- involve work activities that include practical, hands-on
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani-
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma-
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and with others.
struction Trades, Other; Metal Building Assembly/Assem-
bler. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuilding
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods, and
tools involved in the construction or repair of houses,
buildings, or other structures, such as highways and roads.
tenance. Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of rel-
neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators; evant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to
stitutions. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of
Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi- cedures, and equipment to the design and production of
various goods and services. Mathematics: Knowledge of
physical principles and laws and their interrelationships
Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Tapers; Terrazzo
Workers and Finishers; Tile and Marble Setters. PERSON- mospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical, atomic,
and sub-atomic structures and processes.
ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently

on-the-job training
Structural Metal Fabricators Annual Earnings: $28,000
Growth: 19.5%
and Fitters Annual Job Openings: 20,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.3%
Fabricate, lay out, position, align, and fit parts of struc- ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling
tural metal products. SKILLSNo data available. Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
_______________________________________ Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma- Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex- and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma- Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass TYPENo data available.
Shop Technology/Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
S
Substance Abuse and

Behavioral Disorder

Growth: 35.0%
Counselors Self-Employed: 8.4%
Part-Time: 20.8%
Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Criti-
disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the
or engage in prevention programs. Plans and conducts strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu-
programs to prevent substance abuse or improve health sions, or approaches to problems. Service Orientation:
and counseling services in community. Supervises and di- Actively looking for ways to help people. Management of
rects other workers providing services to client or patient. Financial Resources: Determining how money will be
Intervenes as advocate for client or patient to resolve emer- spent to get the work done and accounting for these ex-
gency problems in crisis situation. Counsels clients and penditures. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
patients, individually and in group sessions, to assist in other people are saying, taking time to understand the
overcoming dependencies, adjusting to life, and making points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and
changes. Counsels family members to assist in understand- not interrupting at inappropriate times.
ing, dealing with, and supporting client or patient. Inter-
views clients, reviews records, and confers with other GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education
professionals to evaluate mental or physical condition of
client or patient. Formulates or coordinates program plan
for treatment, care, and rehabilitation of client or patient,
based on social work experience and knowledge. Modifies
treatment plan to comply with changes in clients status.
Refers patient, client, or family to community resources Psychologists; Counselors, All Other; Directors, Religious
to assist in recovery from mental or physical illness. Moni-
Medical and Public Health Social Workers; Mental Health
tors, evaluates, and records client progress according to
measurable goals described in treatment and care plan.
Counselors; Probation Officers and Correctional Treat-
SKILLSSocial Perceptiveness: Being aware of others
ment Specialists; Rehabilitation Counselors; Religious
reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Workers, All Other; Residential Advisors; Social and Hu-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
man Service Assistants; Social Workers, All Other. PER- ences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and
SONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently motivation; psychological research methods; and the as-
involve working with, communicating with, and teach- sessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disor-
ing people. These occupations often involve helping or ders. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge of
providing service to others. principles and processes for providing customer and per-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Clinical/
Medical Social Work; Mental and Social Health Services
customer satisfaction. Education and Training: Knowl-
and Allied Professions, Other; Substance Abuse/Addiction
edge of principles and methods for curriculum and train-
Counseling. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
ing design, teaching and instruction for individuals and
Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles, meth- groups, and the measurement of training effects. English
ods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and
rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for
career counseling and guidance. Psychology: Knowledge
of human behavior and performance; individual differ-

degree
Surgeons Growth: 17.9%
Part-Time: 7.2%
Treat diseases, injuries, and deformities by invasive meth- effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the
ods, such as manual manipulation or by using instru- audience.
ments and appliances. Operates on patient to correct
deformities, repair injuries, prevent diseases, or improve
or restore patients functions. Analyzes patients medical
history, medication allergies, physical condition, and ex-
amination results to verify operations necessity and to de- ologists; Family and General Practitioners; Internists,
termine best procedure. Examines patient to provide
information on medical condition and patients surgical
Pharmacy Technicians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and
risk. Refers patient to medical specialist or other practi-
Surgeons, All Other; Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Sur-
tioners when necessary. Conducts research to develop and
gical Technologists. PERSONALITY TYPEInvestiga-
test surgical techniques to improve operating procedures
and outcomes. Examines instruments, equipment, and op- tive. Investigative occupations frequently involve working
with ideas and require an extensive amount of thinking.
erating room to ensure sterility. Directs and coordinates
activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, and other medi-
cal staff. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Adult
documents. Judgment and Decision Making: Consider- Reconstructive Orthopedics (Orthopedic Surgery); Co-
ing the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to lon and Rectal Surgery; Critical Care Surgery; General
choose the most appropriate one. Science: Using scien- Surgery; Hand Surgery; Neurological Surgery/Neurosur-
tific rules and methods to solve problems. Critical Think- gery; Orthopedic Surgery of the Spine; Orthopedics/Or-
ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths thopedic Surgery; Otolaryngology; Pediatric Orthopedics;
and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or Pediatric Surgery; Plastic Surgery; Sports Medicine; Tho-
approaches to problems. Coordination: Adjusting actions racic Surgery; Urology; Vascular Surgery. RELATED
in relation to others actions. Writing: Communicating KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine and Dentistry:
_______________________________________________________________ Surgical Technologists
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to duction techniques, and disposal methods. Administra-
diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi- tion and Management: Knowledge of business and man-
ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug agement principles involved in strategic planning, resource
properties and interactions, and preventive health-care allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
measures. Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal or- nique, production methods, and coordination of people
ganisms and their tissues, cells, functions, interdependen- and resources. Psychology: Knowledge of human behav-
cies, and interactions with each other and the environment. ior and performance; individual differences in ability, per-
Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, struc- sonality, and interests; learning and motivation;
ture, and properties of substances and of the chemical pro- psychological research methods; and the assessment and
cesses and transformations that they undergo. This includes treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

vocational training
S
Surgical Technologists Growth: 34.7%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 22.9%
Assist in operations under the supervision of surgeons, sions, or approaches to problems. Active Learning: Un-
registered nurses, or other surgical personnel. May help derstanding the implications of new information for both
set up operating room, prepare and transport patients current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
for surgery, adjust lights and equipment, pass instruments
and other supplies to surgeons and surgeons assistants, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 14. Medical and
hold retractors, cut sutures, and help count sponges,
needles, supplies, and instruments. Places equipment and
supplies in operating room and arranges instruments ac-
cording to instruction. Maintains supply of fluids, such as
plasma, saline, blood, and glucose, for use during opera-
tion. Cleans operating room. Washes and sterilizes equip- Pharmacy Technicians; Physician Assistants; Physicians and
Surgeons, All Other; Psychiatrists; Registered Nurses; Sur-
ment, using germicides and sterilizers. Puts dressings on
geons. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic oc-
patient following surgery. Aids team to don gowns and
gloves. Scrubs arms and hands and dons gown and gloves.
Assists team members in placing and positioning patient
on table. Counts sponges, needles, and instruments be-
fore and after operation. Hands instruments and supplies wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
to surgeon, holds retractors and cuts sutures, and performs
other tasks as directed by surgeon during operation.
SKILLSReading Comprehension: Understanding writ- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Pathol-
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. ogy/Pathologist Assistant; Surgical Technology/Technolo-
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other gist. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMedicine
people are saying, taking time to understand the points and Dentistry: Knowledge of the information and tech-
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- niques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, dis-
terrupting at inappropriate times. Coordination: Adjust- eases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment
ing actions in relation to others actions. Critical alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preven-
Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the tive health-care measures. Biology: Knowledge of plant
strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclu- and animal organisms and their tissues, cells, functions,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
interdependencies, and interactions with each other and mar. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition,
the environment. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemi-
algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their appli- cal processes and transformations that they undergo. This
cations. English Language: Knowledge of the structure includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger
and content of the English language, including the mean- signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.

Survey Researchers Growth: 34.5%
Design or conduct surveys. May supervise interviewers ans; Industrial-Organizational Psychologists; Political Sci-
who conduct the survey in person or over the telephone. entists; Psychologists, All Other; Social Science Research
May present survey results to client. SKILLSNo data Assistants; Social Scientists and Related Workers, All
available. Other; Sociologists; Urban and Regional Planners. PER-
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Applied
ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthro- Economics; Business/Managerial Economics; Economics,
pologists; Anthropologists and Archeologists; General; Marketing Research. RELATED KNOWL-
Archeologists; City Planning Aides; Economists; Histori- EDGE/COURSESNo data available.

on-the-job training
Surveying and Mapping Annual Earnings: $28,210
Growth: 25.3%
Self-Employed: 7.3%
Part-Time: 4.5%
Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar-
the direction of a surveyor, cartographer, or photogram- chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali-
metrist, to obtain data used for construction, bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers
mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other pur- and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering
poses. May calculate mapmaking information and cre- Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft-
ate maps from source data such as surveying notes, aerial ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech-
photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topo- nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical
graphical features, political boundaries, and other fea- Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me-
tures. May verify accuracy and completeness of chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics En-
topographical maps. SKILLSNo data available. gineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except
Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering Techni-
cians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mapping Tech-
nicians; Mechanical Drafters; Mechanical Engineering
Technicians; Numerical Tool and Process Control Pro-
_______________________________________________________________ Surveying Technicians
grammers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Surveying Techni- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cartogra-

cians; Surveyors. PERSONALITY TYPENo data phy; Surveying Technology/Surveying. RELATED
available. KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo data available.

training
Surveying Technicians Growth: 25.3%
Self-Employed: 7.3%
Part-Time: 4.5%
Adjust and operate surveying instruments, such as the cians; Industrial Engineering Technicians; Mapping Tech-
theodolite and electronic distance-measuring equipment, nicians; Mechanical Drafters; Mechanical Engineering
S
and compile notes, make sketches and enter data into Technicians; Numerical Tool and Process Control Pro-
computers. Obtains land survey data, such as angles, el- grammers; Pressure Vessel Inspectors; Surveying and Map-
evations, points, and contours, using electronic distance ping Technicians; PERSONALITY TYPERealistic.
measuring equipment and other surveying instruments. Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
Compiles notes, sketches, and records of survey data ob- include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
tained and work performed. Directs work of subordinate often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
members of party, performing surveying duties not requir- like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
ing licensure. SKILLSMathematics: Using mathemat- tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
ics to solve problems. Reading Comprehension: paperwork or working closely with others.
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Cartogra-
phy; Surveying Technology/Surveying. RELATED
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEngineering and Tech-
Time Management: Managing ones own time and the
nology: Knowledge of the practical application of engi-
time of others.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the
Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.08. Engineer- design and production of various goods and services.
ing Technology. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians; Ar- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Design:
chitectural and Civil Drafters; Architectural Drafters; Cali- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
bration and Instrumentation Technicians; Cartographers volved in production of precision technical plans, blue-
and Photogrammetrists; Civil Drafters; Civil Engineering prints, drawings, and models. Computers and
Technicians; Construction and Building Inspectors; Draft- Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
ers, All Other; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tech- electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
nicians; Electrical and Electronics Drafters; Electrical ware, including applications and programming. Geogra-
Drafters; Electrical Engineering Technicians; Electro-Me- phy: Knowledge of principles and methods for describing
chanical Technicians; Electronic Drafters; Electronics En- the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their
gineering Technicians; Engineering Technicians, Except physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and
Drafters, All Other; Environmental Engineering Techni- distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Talent Directors Growth: 27.1%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Audition and interview performers to select most ap- and Television Announcers; Singers. PERSONALITY
propriate talent for parts in stage, television, radio, or TYPEArtistic. Artistic occupations frequently involve
motion picture productions. Auditions and interviews working with forms, designs, and patterns. They often
performers to identify most suitable talent for broadcast- require self-expression, and the work can be done without
ing, stage, or musical production. Maintains talent file, following a clear set of rules.
including information about personalities, such as special-
ties, past performances, and availability. Directs recording
sessions for musical artists. Promotes record sales by per-
sonal appearances and contacts with broadcasting person-
alities. Negotiates contract agreements with performers.
Selects performer or submits list of suitable performers to Film/Cinema Studies; Radio and Television; Theatre/The-
producer or director for final selection. Arranges for screen
tests or auditions for new performers. SKILLSSpeak-
Negotiation: Bringing others together and trying to rec-
oncile differences. Active Listening: Giving full attention
to what other people are saying, taking time to under- ods for showing, promoting, and selling products or ser-
priate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Social
Perceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and un-
derstanding why they react as they do. Reading Compre-
in work-related documents. negotiation, and personnel information systems. Admin-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- management principles involved in strategic planning, re-
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.05. Performing source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership
Arts. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Actors; Cho- technique, production methods, and coordination of
reographers; Composers; Dancers; DirectorsStage, people and resources. Communications and Media:
Motion Pictures, Television, and Radio; Music Arrangers Knowledge of media production, communication, and
and Orchestrators; Music Directors; Music Directors and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes al-
Composers; Musicians and Singers; Musicians, Instrumen- ternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral,
tal; Public Address System and Other Announcers; Radio and visual media.
______________________________________________________________________ Tax Preparers

on-the-job training
Tax Preparers Growth: 17.4%
Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses Cost, and Rate Clerks; Bookkeeping, Accounting, and
but do not have the background or responsibilities of an Auditing Clerks; Brokerage Clerks; Payroll and Timekeep-
accredited or certified public accountant. Reviews finan- ing Clerks; Statement Clerks. PERSONALITY TYPE
cial records, such as income statements and documenta- Conventional. Conventional occupations frequently
tion of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare involve following set procedures and routines. These oc-
return. Calculates form preparation fee according to com- cupations can include working with data and details more
plexity of return and amount of time required to prepare than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to
forms. Computes taxes owed, using adding machine or follow.
personal computer, and completes entries on forms, fol-
lowing tax form instructions and tax tables. Consults tax
law handbook or bulletins to determine procedure for ing Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping; Taxation.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics:
preparation of atypical returns. Verifies totals on forms
prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic or proce-
statistics and their applications. Economics and Account-
dure as needed. Interviews client to obtain additional in-
ing: Knowledge of economic and accounting principles
formation on taxable income and deductible expenses and
allowances. SKILLSReading Comprehension: Under-
T
standing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related analysis and reporting of financial data. Law and Govern-
ment: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures,
documents. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve
precedents, government regulations, executive orders,
problems. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what
agency rules, and the democratic political process. Cleri-
not interrupting at inappropriate times. Speaking: Talk-
ing to others to convey information effectively. Active files and records, stenography and transcription, design-
ing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
Learning: Understanding the implications of new infor-
mation for both current and future problem-solving and
decision-making.
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,
Detail. Work Group: 09.03. Bookkeeping, Auditing, and processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer
Accounting. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Bill- hardware and software, including applications and pro-
ing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators; Billing, gramming.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs Growth: 24.4%
Part-Time: 21.5%
Drive automobiles, vans, or limousines to transport pas- nicians; Bus Drivers, School; Bus Drivers, Transit and In-
sengers. May occasionally carry cargo. Drives taxicab, lim- tercity; Driver/Sales Workers; Parking Lot Attendants.
ousine, company car, hearse, or privately owned vehicle PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
to transport passengers. Communicates with taxicab dis- frequently involve work activities that include practical,
patcher by radio or telephone to receive requests for pas- hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
senger service. Collects and documents fees, payments, plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
and deposits determined by rental contracts or taximeter and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
recordings. Assists passengers in entering and exiting ve- outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
hicle, assists with luggage, and holds umbrellas in wet closely with others.
weather. Maintains vehicle by performing such duties as
regulating tire pressure and adding gasoline, oil, and wa- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Truck
ter. Delivers automobiles to customers from rental agency,
car dealership, or repair shop. Tests performance of ve-
hicle accessories, such as lights, horn, and windshield wip-
ers. Performs errands for customers, such as carrying mail
costs and benefits. Customer and Personal Service: Knowl-
to and from post office. Vacuums, sweeps, and cleans in-
terior and washes and polishes exterior of automobile. edge of principles and processes for providing customer
Makes minor repairs on vehicle, such as fixing punctures,
cleaning spark plugs, or adjusting carburetor. SKILLS
ation of customer satisfaction. Geography: Knowledge of
principles and methods for describing the features of land,
ment or systems. Service Orientation: Actively looking
sea, and air masses, including their physical characteris-
for ways to help people. Repairing: Repairing machines
or systems, using the needed tools. Operation Monitor- tics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant,
animal, and human life. Principles of Mechanical De-
vices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
sure a machine is working properly. Mathematics: Using
designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. English Language:
mathematics to solve problems. Writing: Communicat-
the audience.
rules of composition, and grammar. Law and Government:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
tion. Work Group: 07.07. Other Services Requiring Driv- dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
ing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Ambulance rules, and the democratic political process.
Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Tech-
___________________________________________________________________ Teacher Assistants

training
Teacher Assistants Growth: 23.9%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 46.8%
Perform duties that are instructional in nature or deliver Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
direct services to students or parents. Serve in a position ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
for which a teacher or another professional has ultimate Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
responsibility for the design and implementation of edu- Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
cational programs and services. Presents subject matter Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
to students, using lecture, discussion, or supervised role- ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
playing methods. Helps students, individually or in groups, ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
with lesson assignments to present or reinforce learning Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
concepts. Prepares lesson outline and plan in assigned area Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
and submits outline to teacher for review. Plans, prepares, Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
and develops various teaching aids, such as bibliographies, Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
charts, and graphs. Discusses assigned teaching area with Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
classroom teacher to coordinate instructional efforts. Pre- tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
pares, administers, and grades examinations. Confers with Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
parents on progress of students. SKILLSActive Listen- cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
ing: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
T
taking time to understand the points being made, asking Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro- Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
priate times. Learning Strategies: Selecting and using train- Special and Vocational Education; Museum Technicians
ing/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for and Conservators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers,
the situation when learning or teaching new things. Speak- Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
ing: Talking to others to convey information effectively. Religion Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers,
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something. Read- Postsecondary; Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ing Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONAL-
paragraphs in work-related documents. ITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently involve
vice to others.
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Teacher
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; Assistant/Aide; Teaching Assistants/Aides, Other. RE-
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation and
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, Eth- Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for cur-
nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; effects. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science content of the English language, including the meaning
Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary; and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers; mar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, ge-
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci- ometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and cleri-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
cal procedures and systems, such as word processing, man- meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of
aging files and records, stenography and transcription, de- customer satisfaction. Psychology: Knowledge of human
signing forms, and other office procedures and behavior and performance; individual differences in abil-
terminology. Customer and Personal Service: Knowledge ity, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy-
of principles and processes for providing customer and chological research methods; and the assessment and
personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

on-the-job training
Team Assemblers Growth: 5.9%
Self-Employed: 2.2%
Part-Time: 5.9%
Work as part of a team having responsibility for assem- Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
bling an entire product or component of a product. Team Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
assemblers can perform all tasks conducted by the team Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
in the assembly process and rotate through all or most ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
of them rather than being assigned to a specific task on a Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
permanent basis. May participate in making manage- chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
ment decisions affecting the work. Team leaders who truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
work as part of the team should be included. SKILLS Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
No data available. chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)No data
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- available. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting data available.
_________________________________________________________ Technical Directors/Managers

training
Technical Directors/Managers Growth: 27.1%
Part-Time: 25.3%
Coordinate activities of technical departments, such as ers; Producers and Directors; Program Directors. PER-
taping, editing, engineering, and maintenance, to pro- SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations fre-
duce radio or television programs. Coordinates activities quently involve work activities that include practical,
of radio or television studio and control-room personnel hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with
to ensure technical quality of programs. Coordinates ele- plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools,
ments of program, such as audio, camera, special effects, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working
timing, and script, to ensure production objectives are met. outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
Schedules use of studio and editing facilities for producers closely with others.
and engineering and maintenance staff. Directs personnel
in auditioning talent and programs. Operates equipment
to produce programs or broadcast live programs from re- tography and Film/Video Production; Directing and The-
mote locations. Trains workers in use of equipment, such
as switcher, camera, monitor, microphones, and lights.
Monitors broadcast to ensure that programs conform with
station or network policies and regulations. Supervises and
assigns duties to workers engaged in technical control and
T
production of radio and television programs. Observes pic- edge of business and management principles involved in
ture through monitor and directs camera and video staff
concerning shading and composition. SKILLSCoordi-
coordination of people and resources. Communications
and Media: Knowledge of media production, communi-
cation, and dissemination techniques and methods. This
ment or systems. Equipment Selection: Determining the
kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Speak- includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via writ-
ten, oral, and visual media. Telecommunications: Knowl-
operation of telecommunications systems. Education and
best people for the job.
riculum and training design, teaching and instruction for
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 01. Arts, Enter- individuals and groups, and the measurement of training
tainment, and Media. Work Group: 01.01. Managerial effects. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
Work in Arts, Entertainment, and Media. Other Job Titles content of the English language, including the meaning
in This Work Group: Agents and Business Managers of and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Artists, Performers, and Athletes; Art Directors; Produc-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

Technical Writers Growth: 29.6%
Part-Time: 18.5%
Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, terrupting at inappropriate times. Active Learning: Un-
appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. derstanding the implications of new information for both
May assist in layout work. Organizes material and com- current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
pletes writing assignment according to set standards re- Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify
garding order, clarity, conciseness, style, and terminology. the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, con-
Studies drawings, specifications, mock-ups, and product clusions, or approaches to problems.
samples to integrate and delineate technology, operating
procedure, and production sequence and detail. Assists in
laying out material for publication. Interviews production
Editing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Copy
and engineering personnel and reads journals and other
material to become familiar with product technologies and Writers; Creative Writers; Editors; Poets and Lyricists;
Writers and Authors. PERSONALITY TYPEArtistic.
production methods. Reviews published materials and
Artistic occupations frequently involve working with
recommends revisions or changes in scope, format, con-
forms, designs, and patterns. They often require self-ex-
tent, and methods of reproduction and binding. Reviews
manufacturers and trade catalogs, drawings, and other data
clear set of rules.
relative to operation, maintenance, and service of equip-
ment. Analyzes developments in specific field to deter- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Business/
mine need for revisions in previously published materials Corporate Communications; Family and Consumer Sci-
and development of new material. Selects photographs, ences/Human Sciences Communication; Technical and
drawings, sketches, diagrams, and charts to illustrate ma- Business Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
terial. Draws sketches to illustrate specified materials or COURSESEnglish Language: Knowledge of the struc-
assembly sequence. Confers with customer representatives, ture and content of the English language, including the
vendors, plant executives, or publisher to establish techni- meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
cal specifications and to determine subject material to be grammar. Communications and Media: Knowledge of
developed for publication. Arranges for typing, duplica- media production, communication, and dissemination
tion, and distribution of material. Maintains records and techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
files of work and revisions. Observes production, devel- to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
opmental, and experimental activities to determine oper- dia. Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit
ating procedure and detail. Edits, standardizes, or makes boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and com-
changes to material prepared by other writers or establish- puter hardware and software, including applications and
ment personnel. SKILLSWriting: Communicating ef- programming. Education and Training: Knowledge of
fectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the principles and methods for curriculum and training de-
audience. Reading Comprehension: Understanding writ- sign, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
ten sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents. and the measurement of training effects. Design: Knowl-
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
people are saying, taking time to understand the points in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- drawings, and models.
___________________________________________ Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers

training
Telecommunications Line Annual Earnings: $39,200
Growth: 27.6%
Installers and Repairers Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 0.9%
String and repair telephone and television cable, includ- Tool Repairers; Electric Meter Installers and Repairers; Elec-
ing fiber optics and other equipment for transmitting tric Motor and Switch Assemblers and Repairers; Electric
messages or television programming. Installs terminal Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers; Electrical and
boxes and strings lead-in-wires, using electricians tools. Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equip-
Ascends poles or enters tunnels and sewers to string lines ment; Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and
and install terminal boxes, auxiliary equipment, and appli- Industrial Equipment; Electrical and Electronics Repair-
ances according to diagrams. Repairs cable system, defec- ers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay; Electrical Parts
tive lines, and auxiliary equipment. Pulls lines through ducts Reconditioners; Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repair-
by hand or with use of winch. Collects installation fees. ers; Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor
Explains cable service to subscriber. Cleans and maintains Vehicles; Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment In-
tools and test equipment. Fills and tamps holes, using ce- stallers and Repairers; Elevator Installers and Repairers;
ment, earth, and tamping device. Digs holes, using power Frame Wirers, Central Office; Home Appliance Installers;
auger or shovel, and hoists poles upright into holes, using Home Appliance Repairers; Office Machine and Cash Reg-
truck-mounted winch. Installs and removes plant equip- ister Servicers; Radio Mechanics; Signal and Track Switch
ment, such as callboxes and clocks. Measures signal strength Repairers; Station Installers and Repairers, Telephone; Tele-
at utility pole, using electronic test equipment. Connects communications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Ex-
T
television set to cable system, evaluates incoming signal, cept Line Installers; Telecommunications Facility Examiners;
and adjusts system to ensure optimum reception. Computes Transformer Repairers. PERSONALITY TYPERealis-
impedance of wire from pole to house to determine addi- tic. Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities
tional resistance needed for reducing signal to desired level. that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions.
SKILLSInstallation: Installing equipment, machines, They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world mate-
wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Repairing: Re- rials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
pairing machines or systems, using the needed tools. tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
Troubleshooting: Determining causes of operating errors paperwork or working closely with others.
and deciding what to do about them. Mathematics: Using
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Commu-
mathematics to solve problems. Equipment Maintenance:
nications Systems Installation and Repair Technology.
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and deter-
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESTelecommuni-
mining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. cations: Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switch-
Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other people ing, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards,
asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hard-
inappropriate times. ware and software, including applications and program-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 05. Mechanics, ming. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
Installers, and Repairers. Work Group: 05.02. Electrical and practical application of engineering science and technol-
Electronic Systems. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
Avionics Technicians; Battery Repairers; Central Office and dures, and equipment to the design and production of
PBX Installers and Repairers; Communication Equipment various goods and services. Principles of Mechanical De-
Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers; Computer, Automated vices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including their
Teller, and Office Machine Repairers; Data Processing designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Mathematics:
Equipment Repairers; Electric Home Appliance and Power Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

training
Telemarketers Growth: 22.2%
Part-Time: 22.3%
Solicit orders for goods or services over the telephone. pations can involve leading people and making many de-
Contacts customers by phone, by mail, or in person to cisions. They sometimes require risk taking and often deal
offer or persuade them to purchase merchandise or ser- with business.
vices. Delivers merchandise, serves customer, collects
money, and makes change. Maintains records of accounts EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Sales,
Distribution, and Marketing Operations, General; Sell-
and orders and develops prospect lists. Sets up and dis-
ing Skills and Sales Operations. RELATED KNOWL-
plays sample merchandise at parties or stands. Orders or
EDGE/COURSESSales and Marketing: Knowledge of
purchases supplies and stocks cart or stand. Distributes
principles and methods for showing, promoting, and sell-
product samples or literature that details products or ser-
ing products or services. This includes marketing strategy
vices. Arranges buying party and solicits sponsorship of
parties to sell merchandise. Explains products or services and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and
sales control systems. Customer and Personal Service:
and prices and demonstrates use of products. Writes or-
ders for merchandise or enters order into computer. Cir-
culates among potential customers or travels by foot, truck,
automobile, or bicycle to deliver or sell merchandise or
evaluation of customer satisfaction. Economics and Ac-
services. SKILLSPersuasion: Persuading others to
change their minds or behavior. Speaking: Talking to oth- counting: Knowledge of economic and accounting prin-
ers to convey information effectively. Social Perceptive-
the analysis and reporting of financial data. English Lan-
ness: Being aware of others reactions and understanding
why they react as they do. Service Orientation: Actively
looking for ways to help people. Mathematics: Using
words, rules of composition, and grammar. Telecommu-
mathematics to solve problems.
nications: Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 10. Sales and switching, control, and operation of telecommunications
Marketing. Work Group: 10.04. Personal Soliciting. Other systems. Communications and Media: Knowledge of
Job Titles in This Work Group: Demonstrators and Prod- media production, communication, and dissemination
uct Promoters; Door-To-Door Sales Workers, News and techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways
Street Vendors, and Related Workers. PERSONALITY to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual me-
TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently dia. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, ge-
involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occu- ometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
______________________________________________________________ Tile and Marble Setters

training
Tile and Marble Setters Growth: 15.6%
Part-Time: 8.4%
Apply hard tile, marble, and wood tile to walls, floors, lation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall; Insulation Work-
ceilings, and roof decks. Positions and presses or taps tile ers, Mechanical; Manufactured Building and Mobile
with trowel handle to affix tile to plaster or adhesive base. Home Installers; Operating Engineers; Operating Engi-
Cuts and shapes tile, using tile cutters and biters. Measures neers and Other Construction Equipment Operators;
and cuts metal lath to size for walls and ceilings, using tin Painters, Construction and Maintenance; Paperhangers;
snips. Installs and anchors fixtures in designated positions, Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators;
using hand tools. Brushes glue onto manila paper on which Pile-Driver Operators; Pipe Fitters; Pipelayers; Pipelaying
design has been drawn and positions tiles finished side Fitters; Plasterers and Stucco Masons; Plumbers; Plumb-
down onto paper. Mixes and applies mortar or cement to ers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters; Rail-Track Laying and
edges and ends of drain tiles to seal halves and joints. Wipes Maintenance Equipment Operators; Refractory Materi-
grout between tiles and removes excess, using wet sponge. als Repairers, Except Brickmasons; Reinforcing Iron and
Tacks lath to wall and ceiling surfaces, using staple gun or Rebar Workers; Riggers; Roofers; Rough Carpenters; Se-
hammer. Selects tile and other items to be installed, such curity and Fire Alarm Systems Installers; Segmental Pav-
as bathroom accessories, walls, panels, and cabinets, ac- ers; Sheet Metal Workers; Ship Carpenters and Joiners;
cording to specifications. Spreads mastic or other adhesive Stone Cutters and Carvers; Stonemasons; Structural Iron
base on roof deck to form base for promenade tile, using and Steel Workers; Tapers; Terrazzo Workers and Finish-
T
serrated spreader. Measures and marks surfaces to be tiled ers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupa-
and lays out work, following blueprints. Cuts tile backing tions frequently involve work activities that include
to required size, using shears. Spreads plaster or concrete practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often
over surface to form tile base and levels to specified thick- deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like
ness, using brush, trowel, and screed. SKILLSMathemat- wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
ics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Equipment quire working outside and do not involve a lot of paper-
Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment work or working closely with others.
needed to do a job. Installation: Installing equipment,
machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection,
Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBuild-
ments or take corrective action. ing and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods,
and tools involved in the construction or repair of houses,
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 06. Construc- buildings, or other structures, such as highways and roads.
tion, Mining, and Drilling. Work Group: 06.02. Con- Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry,
struction. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Boat calculus, and statistics and their applications. Design:
Builders and Shipwrights; Boilermakers; Brattice Build- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles in-
ers; Brickmasons and Blockmasons; Carpenters; Carpet volved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints,
Installers; Ceiling Tile Installers; Cement Masons and drawings, and models. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
Concrete Finishers; Commercial Divers; Construction Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
Carpenters; Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers; Drywall uses, repair, and maintenance. Physics: Knowledge and
Installers; Electricians; Explosives Workers, Ordnance prediction of physical principles and laws and their interre-
Handling Experts, and Blasters; Fence Erectors; Floor Lay- lationships and applications to understanding fluid, mate-
ers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles; Floor Sanders rial, and atmospheric dynamics and mechanical, electrical,
and Finishers; Glaziers; Grader, Bulldozer, and Scraper atomic, and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________

on-the-job training
Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Growth: 19.8%
Self-Employed: 9.2%
Part-Time: 9.9%
Drive tractor-trailer truck to transport products, livestock, GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta-
or materials to specified destinations. Drives tractor-trailer tion. Work Group: 07.05. Truck Driving. Other Job Titles
combination, applying knowledge of commercial driving in This Work Group: Truck Drivers, Heavy; Truck Driv-
regulations, to transport and deliver products, livestock, ers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer; Truck Drivers, Light or
or materials, usually over long distance. Maneuvers truck Delivery Services. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic.
into loading or unloading position, following signals from Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
loading crew as needed. Drives truck to weigh station be- include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
fore and after loading and along route to document weight often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
and conform to state regulations. Maintains driver log ac- like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
cording to I.C.C. regulations. Inspects truck before and tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
after trips and submits report indicating truck condition. paperwork or working closely with others.
Reads bill of lading to determine assignment. Fastens chain
or binders to secure load on trailer during transit. Loads or
unloads or assists in loading and unloading truck. Works
as member of two-person team driving tractor with sleeper
bunk behind cab. Services truck with oil, fuel, and radia-
tor fluid to maintain tractor-trailer. Obtains customers sig- or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative
nature or collects payment for services. Inventories and
inspects goods to be moved. Wraps goods using pads, pack-
air masses, including their physical characteristics, loca-
ing paper, and containers; secures load to trailer wall, us-
ing straps. Gives directions to helper in packing and moving
mal, and human life. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
goods to trailer. SKILLSOperation and Control: Con-
trolling operations of equipment or systems. Reading Com- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs,
uses, repair, and maintenance. Law and Government:
paragraphs in work-related documents. Equipment Main-
rules, and the democratic political process. Public Safety
and determining when and what kind of maintenance is
needed. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as
appropriate for the needs of the audience. Troubleshoot- procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state,
data, property, and institutions.
what to do about them.
___________________________________________________ Training and Development Managers

plus degree
Training and Development Annual Earnings: $61,880
Growth: 12.7%
Self-Employed: 0.5%
Part-Time: 3.6%
Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex-
activities and staff of an organization. Analyzes training ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm,
needs to develop new training programs or modify and Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man-
improve existing programs. Plans and develops training agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral
procedures, utilizing knowledge of relative effectiveness Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government
of individual training, classroom training, demonstrations, Service Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human
on-the-job training, meetings, conferences, and workshops. Resources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All
Formulates training policies and schedules, utilizing knowl- Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private
edge of identified training needs. Evaluates effectiveness Sector Executives; Property, Real Estate, and Community
of training programs and instructor performance. Devel- Association Managers; Public Relations Managers; Pur-
ops and organizes training manuals, multimedia visual aids, chasing Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers;
and other educational materials. Coordinates established Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers; Trea-
courses with technical and professional courses provided surers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers. PER-
by community schools and designates training procedures. SONALITY TYPEEnterprising. Enterprising
Develops testing and evaluation procedures. Confers with occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying
management and supervisory personnel to identify train- out projects. These occupations can involve leading people
T
ing needs based on projected production processes, and making many decisions. They sometimes require risk
changes, and other factors. Reviews and evaluates train- taking and often deal with business.
ing and apprenticeship programs for compliance with gov-
ernment standards. Prepares training budget for
Resources Development; Human Resources Management/
department or organization. Trains instructors and super-
Personnel Administration, General. RELATED KNOWL-
visors in effective training techniques. Interprets and clari-
fies regulatory policies governing apprenticeship training EDGE/COURSESEducation and Training: Knowl-
edge of principles and methods for curriculum and training
programs and provides information and assistance to train-
design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups,
ees and labor and management representatives. SKILLS
and the measurement of training effects. Administration
clusions, or approaches to problems. Reading Compre-
hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs allocation, human resources modeling, leadership tech-
in work-related documents. Speaking: Talking to others
and resources. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowl-
to convey information effectively. Instructing: Teaching
others how to do something. Management of Personnel
as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Learn-
ing Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional tems. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when
learning or teaching new things.
mar. Law and Government: Knowledge of laws, legal
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General codes, court procedures, precedents, government regula-
Management and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General tions, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic
Management Work and Management of Support Func- political process. Psychology: Knowledge of human be-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
havior and performance; individual differences in ability, chological research methods; and the assessment and treat-
personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psy- ment of behavioral and affective disorders.

Training and Development

Growth: 19.4%
Specialists Annual Job Openings: 20,000
Self-Employed: 2.6%
Part-Time: 6.9%
Conduct training and development programs for em- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General
ployees. Develops and conducts orientation and training Management and Support. Work Group: 13.02. Manage-
for employees or customers of industrial or commercial ment Support. Other Job Titles in This Work Group:
establishment. Confers with managers, instructors, or cus- Accountants; Accountants and Auditors; Appraisers and
tomer representatives of industrial or commercial estab- Assessors of Real Estate; Appraisers, Real Estate; Asses-
lishment to determine training needs. Assigns instructors sors; Auditors; Budget Analysts; Claims Adjusters, Exam-
to conduct training and assists them in obtaining required iners, and Investigators; Claims Examiners, Property and
training materials. Coordinates recruitment and placement Casualty Insurance; Compensation, Benefits, and Job
of participants in skill training. Attends meetings and semi- Analysis Specialists; Cost Estimators; Credit Analysts;
nars to obtain information useful to train staff and to in- Employment Interviewers, Private or Public Employment
form management of training programs and goals. Screens, Service; Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Spe-
hires, and assigns workers to positions based on qualifica- cialists; Financial Analysts; Human Resources, Training,
tions. Refers trainees with social problems to appropriate and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other; Insurance Ad-
service agency. Monitors training costs to ensure budget is justers, Examiners, and Investigators; Insurance Apprais-
not exceeded and prepares budget report to justify expen- ers, Auto Damage; Insurance Underwriters; Loan
ditures. Supervises instructors, monitors and evaluates in- Counselors; Loan Officers; Logisticians; Management
structor performance, and refers instructors to classes for Analysts; Market Research Analysts; Personnel Recruiters;
skill development. Maintains records and writes reports Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products; Purchas-
to monitor and evaluate training activities and program ing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products;
effectiveness. Organizes and develops training procedure Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents; Whole-
manuals and guides. Schedules classes based on availabil- sale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products. PERSON-
ity of classrooms, equipment, and instructors. Evaluates ALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently
training materials, such as outlines, text, and handouts, involve working with, communicating with, and teach-
prepared by instructors. SKILLSLearning Strategies: ing people. These occupations often involve helping or
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and providing service to others.
procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or
teaching new things. Writing: Communicating effectively
Resources Management/Personnel Administration, Gen-
eral; Organizational Behavior Studies. RELATED
ments or take corrective action. Management of Finan- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and
cial Resources: Determining how money will be spent to
and groups, and the measurement of training effects. Per-
get the work done and accounting for these expenditures.
tively. Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other
being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not in- tiation, and personnel information systems. Psychology:
_____________________________________________________________ Transportation Managers
vidual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learn- uct demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control sys-
ing and motivation; psychological research methods; and tems. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of eco-
the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective nomic and accounting principles and practices, the
disorders. English Language: Knowledge of the structure financial markets, banking, and the analysis and report-
and content of the English language, including the meaning of financial data. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram- ministrative and clerical procedures and systems, such as
mar. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and word processing, managing files and records, stenography
methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, prod- cedures and terminology.

Transportation Managers Growth: 20.2%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, and coordinate the transportation opera- recommendations, such as need for increasing fares, tar-
tions within an organization or the activities of organi- iffs, or expansion or changes to existing schedules. Over-
zations that provide transportation services. Directs and sees activities relating to dispatching, routing, and tracking
coordinates, through subordinates, activities of operations transportation vehicles, such as aircraft and railroad cars.
department to obtain use of equipment, facilities, and Analyzes expenditures and other financial reports to de-
human resources. Participates in union contract negotia- velop plans, policies, and budgets for increasing profits
T
tions and settlement of grievances. Negotiates and autho- and improving services. Confers and cooperates with man-
rizes contracts with equipment and materials suppliers. agement and others in formulating and implementing
Oversees procurement process, including research and test- administrative, operational, and customer relations, poli-
ing of equipment, vendor contacts, and approval of requi- cies, and procedures. SKILLSCoordination: Adjusting
sitions. Inspects or oversees repairs and maintenance to actions in relation to others actions. Reading Compre-
equipment, vehicles, and facilities to enforce standards for hension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs
safety, efficiency, cleanliness, and appearance. Acts as or- in work-related documents. Management of Personnel
ganization representative before commissions or regula- Resources: Motivating, developing, and directing people
tory bodies during hearings, such as those to increase rates as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Man-
and change routes and schedules. Oversees workers as- agement of Material Resources: Obtaining and seeing to
signing tariff classifications and preparing billing accord- the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials
ing to mode of transportation and destination of shipment. needed to do certain work. Judgment and Decision Mak-
Oversees process of investigation and response to customer ing: Considering the relative costs and benefits of poten-
or shipper complaints relating to operations department. tial actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Recommends or authorizes capital expenditures for ac-
quisition of new equipment or property to increase effi-
tion. Work Group: 07.01. Managerial Work in Transpor-
ciency and services of operations department. Enforces
tation. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: First-Line
compliance of operations personnel with administrative
Supervisors/Managers of Transportation and Material-
policies, procedures, safety rules, and government regula-
Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators; Railroad Conduc-
tions. Reviews transportation schedules, worker assign-
tors and Yardmasters. PERSONALITY TYPE
ments, and routes to ensure compliance with standards
Enterprising. Enterprising occupations frequently involve
for personnel selection, safety, and union contract terms.
starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations
Conducts investigations in cooperation with government
can involve leading people and making many decisions.
agencies to determine causes of transportation accidents They sometimes require risk taking and often deal with
and to improve safety procedures. Prepares management
business.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Aeronau- source allocation, human resources modeling, leadership

tics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General; technique, production methods, and coordination of people
Aviation/Airway Management and Operations; Business and resources. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
Administration and Management, General; Business/Com- gebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
merce, General; Logistics and Materials Management; Pub- tions. Economics and Accounting: Knowledge of economic
lic Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/ and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar-
COURSESTransportation: Knowledge of principles and kets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial
methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or data. Personnel and Human Resources: Knowledge of prin-
road, including the relative costs and benefits. Adminis- ciples and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection,
tration and Management: Knowledge of business and training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and
management principles involved in strategic planning, re- negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Transportation, Storage, and Annual Earnings: $57,240
Growth: 20.2%
Distribution Managers Annual Job Openings: 13,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 6.1%
Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or Sector Executives; Property, Real Estate, and Community
distribution activities in accordance with governmental Association Managers; Public Relations Managers; Pur-
policies and regulations. SKILLSNo data available. chasing Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers;
Training and Development Managers; Treasurers, Con-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General trollers, and Chief Financial Officers. PERSONALITY
tions. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Ex- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Aeronau-
ecutives; Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, tics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General;
Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Man- Aviation/Airway Management and Operations; Business
agers; Financial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral Administration and Management, General; Business/
Directors; General and Operations Managers; Government Commerce, General; Logistics and Materials Management;
Service Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human Public Administration. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Resources Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All COURSESNo data available.
Other; Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private

training
Travel Clerks Growth: 14.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 31.7%
Provide tourists with travel information, such as points sporting events, concerts, and plays. May make reserva-
of interest, restaurants, rates, and emergency service. tions, deliver tickets, arrange for visas, or contact indi-
Duties include answering inquiries, offering suggestions, viduals and groups to inform them of package tours.
and providing literature pertaining to trips, excursions, Provides customers with travel suggestions and informa-
________________________________________ Treasurers, Controllers, and Chief Financial Officers
tion such as guides, directories, brochures, and maps. GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 09. Business
Contacts motel, hotel, resort, and travel operators by mail Detail. Work Group: 09.05. Customer Service. Other Job
or telephone to obtain advertising literature. Studies maps, Titles in This Work Group: Adjustment Clerks; Bill and
directories, routes, and rate tables to determine travel route Account Collectors; Cashiers; Counter and Rental Clerks;
and cost and availability of accommodations. Calculates Customer Service Representatives; Customer Service Rep-
estimated travel rates and expenses, using items such as resentatives, Utilities; Gaming Cage Workers; Gaming
rate tables and calculators. Informs client of travel dates, Change Persons and Booth Cashiers; New Accounts
times, connections, baggage limits, medical and visa re- Clerks; Order Clerks; Receptionists and Information
quirements, and emergency information. Obtains reser- Clerks; Tellers. PERSONALITY TYPEConventional.
vations for air, train, or car travel and hotel or other housing Conventional occupations frequently involve following set
accommodations. Confirms travel arrangements and res- procedures and routines. These occupations can include
ervations. Assists client in preparing required documents working with data and details more than with ideas. Usu-
and forms for travel, such as visas. Plans itinerary for travel ally there is a clear line of authority to follow.
and accommodations, using knowledge of routes, types
of carriers, and regulations. Provides information concern-
ing fares, availability of travel, and accommodations, ei-
Marketing Operations; Tourism Promotion Operations.
ther orally or by using guides, brochures, and maps.
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESCustomer
Confers with customers by telephone, in writing, or in
and Personal Service: Knowledge of principles and pro-
person to answer questions regarding services and deter-
cesses for providing customer and personal services. This
mine travel preferences. SKILLSService Orientation:
Actively looking for ways to help people. Active Listen-
cluding their physical characteristics, locations, interrela-
T
priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- tionships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human
mation effectively. Reading Comprehension: life. Transportation: Knowledge of principles and meth-
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work- ods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road,
related documents. Writing: Communicating effectively including the relative costs and benefits. Mathematics:
in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Co- statistics and their applications. Telecommunications:
ordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others actions. Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, con-
trol, and operation of telecommunications systems.

plus degree
Treasurers, Controllers, and Annual Earnings: $70,210
Growth: 18.5%
Chief Financial Officers Annual Job Openings: 53,000
Self-Employed: 1.4%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Plan, direct, and coordinate the financial activities of an required by regulatory agencies. Delegates authority for
organization at the highest level of management. Includes receipt, disbursement, banking, protection, and custody
financial reserve officers. Coordinates and directs finan- of funds, securities, and financial instruments. Analyzes
cial planning, budgeting, procurement, and investment past, present, and expected operations. Advises manage-
activities of organization. Prepares reports or directs prepa- ment on economic objectives and policies, investments,
ration of reports summarizing organizations current and and loans for short- and long-range financial plans. Evalu-
forecasted financial position, business activity, and reports ates need for procurement of funds and investment of
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
surplus. Arranges audits of company accounts. Ensures that ecutives; Property, Real Estate, and Community Associa-
institution reserves meet legal requirements. Interprets tion Managers; Public Relations Managers; Purchasing
current policies and practices and plans and implements Managers; Storage and Distribution Managers; Training and
new operating procedures to improve efficiency and re- Development Managers; Transportation, Storage, and Dis-
duce costs. SKILLSManagement of Financial Re- tribution Managers. PERSONALITY TYPEEnterpris-
sources: Determining how money will be spent to get the ing. Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting
work done and accounting for these expenditures. Judg- up and carrying out projects. These occupations can in-
ment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs volve leading people and making many decisions. They
and benefits of potential actions to choose the most ap- sometimes require risk taking and often deal with business.
propriate one. Systems Analysis: Determining how a sys-
tem should work and how changes in conditions, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Account-
ing and Business/Management; Accounting and Finance;
operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Credit Management; Finance and Financial Management
Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators
Services, Other; Finance, General; International Finance;
of system performance and the actions needed to improve
Public Finance. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
or correct performance relative to the goals of the system.
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. Criti-
cal Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the economic and accounting principles and practices, the fi-
of financial data. Administration and Management:
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 13. General Man- volved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human
agement and Support. Work Group: 13.01. General Man- resources modeling, leadership technique, production
agement Work and Management of Support Functions. methods, and coordination of people and resources. Math-
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Chief Executives; ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
Compensation and Benefits Managers; Farm, Ranch, and culus, and statistics and their applications. Law and
Other Agricultural Managers; Financial Managers; Finan- Government: Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court pro-
cial Managers, Branch or Department; Funeral Directors; cedures, precedents, government regulations, executive
General and Operations Managers; Government Service orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Executives; Human Resources Managers; Human Resources English Language: Knowledge of the structure and con-
Managers, All Other; Legislators; Managers, All Other; tent of the English language, including the meaning and
Postmasters and Mail Superintendents; Private Sector Ex- spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

training
Tree Trimmers and Pruners Growth: 16.3%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 25.4%
Cut away dead or excess branches from trees or shrubs and belts, or climbs ladders to gain access to work area.
to maintain right-of-way for roads, sidewalks, or utili- Prunes, cuts down, fertilizes, and sprays trees as directed
ties or to improve appearance, health, and value of tree. by tree surgeon. Uses truck-mounted hydraulic lifts and
Prune or treat trees or shrubs using handsaws, pruning pruners and power pruners. Scrapes decayed matter from
hooks, shears, and clippers. May use truck-mounted lifts cavities in trees and fills holes with cement to promote
and power pruners. May fill cavities in trees to promote healing and to prevent further deterioration. Applies tar
healing and prevent deterioration. Cuts away dead and or other protective substances to cut surfaces to seal sur-
excess branches from trees, using handsaws, pruning hooks, faces against insects. SKILLSOperation and Control:
shears, and clippers. Climbs trees, using climbing hooks Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
________________________________________________________________ Truck Drivers, Heavy
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 03. Plants and world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of
Animals. Work Group: 03.03. Hands-on Work in Plants the occupations require working outside and do not in-
and Animals. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: volve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Agricultural Equipment Operators; Fallers; Farmworkers
and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Applied
Horticulture/Horticultural Business Services, Other. RE-
Farmworkers, Farm and Ranch Animals; Fishers and Re-
lated Fishing Workers; Forest and Conservation Techni-
cians; Forest and Conservation Workers; General
Farmworkers; Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other;
Biology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and
Hunters and Trappers; Landscaping and Groundskeeping
Workers; Logging Equipment Operators; Logging Trac- their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and in-
teractions with each other and the environment. Chemis-
tor Operators; Logging Workers, All Other; Nursery Work-
try: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure,
ers; Pest Control Workers; Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers,
and Applicators, Vegetation. PERSONALITY TYPE
solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real- tion techniques, and disposal methods.

training
Truck Drivers, Heavy Growth: 19.8%
Self-Employed: 9.2%
T
Part-Time: 9.9%
Drive truck with capacity of more than three tons to trans- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 07. Transporta-
port materials to specified destinations. Drives truck with tion. Work Group: 07.05. Truck Driving. Other Job Titles
capacity of more than three tons to transport and deliver in This Work Group: Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers; Truck
cargo, materials, or damaged vehicle. Maintains radio or Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer; Truck Drivers, Light
telephone contact with base or supervisor to receive in- or Delivery Services. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic.
structions or be dispatched to new location. Maintains truck Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that
log according to state and federal regulations. Keeps record include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They
of materials and products transported. Positions blocks and often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials
ties rope around items to secure cargo for transport. Cleans, like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupa-
inspects, and services vehicle. Operates equipment on ve- tions require working outside and do not involve a lot of
hicle to load, unload, or disperse cargo or materials. Ob- paperwork or working closely with others.
tains customer signature or collects payment for goods
delivered and delivery charges. Assists in loading and un-
loading truck manually. SKILLSEquipment Mainte-
nance: Performing routine maintenance on equipment and
determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people
ment or systems. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges,
dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is work-
air masses, including their physical characteristics, loca-
ing properly. Reading Comprehension: Understanding
ments. Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as mal, and human life. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
uses, repair, and maintenance. Clerical Studies: Knowl- dures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or
edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems, national security operations for the protection of people,
such as word processing, managing files and records, ste- data, property, and institutions. Law and Government:
nography and transcription, designing forms, and other Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece-
office procedures and terminology. Public Safety and Se- dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency
curity: Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, proce- rules, and the democratic political process.

on-the-job training
Truck Drivers, Heavy and Annual Earnings: $32,580
Growth: 19.8%
Tractor-Trailer Annual Job Openings: 240,000
Drive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with a ca- in This Work Group: Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers; Truck
pacity of at least 26,000 GVW to transport and deliver Drivers, Heavy; Truck Drivers, Light or Delivery Services.
goods, livestock, or materials in liquid, loose, or pack- PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
aged form. May be required to unload truck. May re-
quire use of automated routing equipment. Requires
commercial drivers license. SKILLSNo data available.
tion. Work Group: 07.05. Truck Driving. Other Job Titles

training
Truck Drivers, Light or Annual Earnings: $23,330
Growth: 19.2%
Delivery Services Annual Job Openings: 153,000
Self-Employed: 9.2%
Part-Time: 9.9%
Drive a truck or van with a capacity of under 26,000 tenance is needed. Operation and Control: Controlling
GVW primarily to deliver or pick up merchandise or to operations of equipment or systems. Repairing: Repair-
deliver packages within a specified area. May require use ing machines or systems, using the needed tools. Opera-
of automatic routing or location software. May load and tion Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other
unload truck. Drives truck, van, or automobile with ca- indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
pacity under three tons to transport materials, products, Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sen-
or people. Loads and unloads truck, van, or automobile. tences and paragraphs in work-related documents. Writ-
Communicates with base or other vehicles using telephone ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate
or radio. Maintains records such as vehicle log, record of for the needs of the audience.
cargo, or billing statements in accordance with regulations.
Inspects and maintains vehicle equipment and supplies.
tion. Work Group: 07.05. Truck Driving. Other Job Titles
Presents billing invoice and collects receipt or payment.
in This Work Group: Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers; Truck
Performs emergency roadside repairs. SKILLSEquip- Drivers, Heavy; Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer.
ment Maintenance: Performing routine maintenance on
equipment and determining when and what kind of main-
__________________________________________________________ Urban and Regional Planners
hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with principles and methods for describing the features of land,
plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteris-
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working tics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant,
outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working animal, and human life. Public Safety and Security:
closely with others. Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures,
and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national
security operations for the protection of people, data, prop-
erty, and institutions. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of ad-
or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative and transcription, designing forms, and other office pro-
costs and benefits. Principles of Mechanical Devices:
cedures and terminology.
uses, repair, and maintenance. Geography: Knowledge of

Urban and Regional

Growth: 16.4%
Planners

Self-Employed: 3.5%
Part-Time: 18.1%
Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of tive costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the
land and physical facilities of local jurisdictions, such as most appropriate one. Complex Problem Solving: Iden-
towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas. Devel- tifying complex problems and reviewing related informa-
ops alternative plans with recommendations for program tion to develop and evaluate options and implement
or project. Compiles, organizes, and analyzes data on eco- solutions. Systems Analysis: Determining how a system
nomic, social, and physical factors affecting land use, us- should work and how changes in conditions, operations,
ing statistical methods. Recommends governmental and the environment will affect outcomes. Critical Think-
measures affecting land use, public utilities, community ing: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths
facilities, housing, and transportation. Evaluates informa- and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or
tion to determine feasibility of proposals or to identify approaches to problems. Reading Comprehension: Un-
U
factors requiring amendment. Reviews and evaluates en- derstanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-re-
vironmental impact reports applying to specific private lated documents.
and public planning projects and programs. Discusses
purpose of land use projects, such as transportation, con- GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science,
servation, residential, commercial, industrial, and com- Math, and Engineering. Work Group: 02.04. Social Sci-
munity use, with planning officials. Determines regulatory ences. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Anthro-
limitations on project. Advises planning officials on feasi- pologists; Anthropologists and Archeologists;
bility, cost-effectiveness, regulatory conformance, and al- Archeologists; City Planning Aides; Economists; Histori-
ternative recommendations for project. Maintains ans; Industrial-Organizational Psychologists; Political Sci-
collection of socioeconomic, environmental, and regula- entists; Psychologists, All Other; Social Science Research
tory data related to land use for governmental and private Assistants; Social Scientists and Related Workers, All
sectors. Conducts field investigations, economic or pub- Other; Sociologists; Survey Researchers. PERSONALITY
lic opinion surveys, demographic studies, or other research TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations frequently
to gather required information. Prepares or requisitions involve working with ideas and require an extensive
graphic and narrative report on land use data. SKILLS amount of thinking. These occupations can involve search-
Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the rela- ing for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)City/Ur- words, rules of composition, and grammar. Economics

ban, Community, and Regional Planning. RELATED and Accounting: Knowledge of economic and account-
KNOWLEDGE/COURSESMathematics: Knowledge ing principles and practices, the financial markets, bank-
of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics ing, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
and their applications. Sociology and Anthropology: Building and Construction: Knowledge of materials,
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends methods, and tools involved in the construction or repair
and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, and cultures of houses, buildings, or other structures, such as highways
and their history and origins. Law and Government: and roads. Administration and Management: Knowledge
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, prece- of business and management principles involved in strate-
dents, government regulations, executive orders, agency gic planning, resource allocation, human resources mod-
rules, and the democratic political process. English Lan- eling, leadership technique, production methods, and
guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the coordination of people and resources.

degree
Veterinarians Growth: 31.8%
Part-Time: 10.5%
Diagnose and treat diseases and dysfunctions of animals. of animals. Conducts postmortem studies and analysis
May engage in a particular function, such as research results to determine cause of death. SKILLSReading
and development, consultation, administration, techni- Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and
cal writing, sale or production of commercial products, paragraphs in work-related documents. Active Learning:
or rendering of technical services to commercial firms or Understanding the implications of new information for
other organizations. Includes veterinarians who inspect both current and future problem-solving and decision-
livestock. Examines animal to detect and determine na- making. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to
ture of disease or injury and treats animal surgically or solve problems. Critical Thinking: Using logic and rea-
medically. Inspects and tests horses, sheep, poultry flocks, soning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alter-
and other animals for diseases and inoculates animals native solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
against various diseases, including rabies. Establishes and Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems
conducts quarantine and testing procedures to prevent and reviewing related information to develop and evalu-
spread of disease and compliance with governmental regu- ate options and implement solutions.
lations. Participates in research projects, plans procedures,
and selects animals for scientific research based on knowl-
edge of species and research principles. Oversees activities
concerned with feeding, care, and maintenance of animal
Animal Trainers; Nonfarm Animal Caretakers; Veterinary
quarters to ensure compliance with laboratory regulations.
Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers; Veterinary
Exchanges information with zoos and aquariums concern-
ing care, transfer, sale, or trade of animals to maintain all- Technologists and Technicians. PERSONALITY TYPE
Investigative. Investigative occupations frequently involve
species nationwide inventory. Trains personnel in handling
working with ideas and require an extensive amount of
and care of animals. Participates in planning and execut-
thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts
ing nutrition and reproduction programs for animals.
and figuring out problems mentally.
Ensures compliance with regulations governing humane
and ethical treatment of animals used in scientific research. EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Compara-
Inspects housing and advises animal owners regarding sani- tive and Laboratory Animal Medicine (Cert, MS, PhD);
tary measures, feeding, and general care to promote health
_____________________________________ Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
Laboratory Animal Medicine; Large Animal/Food Animal LATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBiology: Knowl-

and Equine Surgery and Medicine (Cert, MS, PhD); Small/ edge of plant and animal organisms and their tissues, cells,
Companion Animal Surgery and Medicine (Cert, MS, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each
PhD); Theriogenology; Veterinary Anatomy (Cert, MS, other and the environment. Medicine and Dentistry:
PhD); Veterinary Anesthesiology; Veterinary Biomedical Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to
and Clinical Sciences, Other (Cert, MS, PhD); Veterinary diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformi-
Dentistry; Veterinary Dermatology; Veterinary Emergency ties. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug
and Critical Care Medicine; Veterinary Infectious Diseases properties and interactions, and preventive health-care
(Cert, MS, PhD); Veterinary Internal Medicine; Veteri- measures. English Language: Knowledge of the structure
nary Medicine (DVM); Veterinary Microbiology; Veteri- and content of the English language, including the mean-
nary Microbiology and Immunobiology (Cert, MS, PhD); ing and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
Veterinary Nutrition; Veterinary Ophthalmology; Veteri- mar. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition,
nary Pathology; Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical
(Cert, MS, PhD); Veterinary Physiology (Cert, MS, PhD); processes and transformations that they undergo. This in-
Veterinary Practice; Veterinary Preventive Medicine; Vet- cludes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs,
erinary Preventive Medicine Epidemiology and Public production techniques, and disposal methods. Education
Health (Cert, MS, PhD); Veterinary Radiology; Veterinary and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for
Residency Programs, Other; Veterinary Sciences/Veterinary curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction
Clinical Sciences, General (Cert, MS, PhD); Veterinary for individuals and groups, and the measurement of train-
Surgery; Veterinary Toxicology; Veterinary Toxicology and ing effects. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
Pharmacology (Cert, MS, PhD); Zoological Medicine. RE- bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.

training
Veterinary Assistants and Annual Earnings: $17,470
Growth: 39.8%
Laboratory Animal Caretakers Annual Job Openings: 8,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 38.1%
Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm ani- projects in commercial, public health, or research labora-
mals for signs of illness, disease, or injury in laboratories tories. Completes routine laboratory tests and cares for
and animal hospitals and clinics. Clean and disinfect cages and feeds laboratory animals. SKILLSReading Com-
and work areas; sterilize laboratory and surgical equip- prehension: Understanding written sentences and para-
ment. May provide routine post-operative care, admin- graphs in work-related documents. Active Listening:
ister medication orally or topically, or prepare samples Giving full attention to what other people are saying, tak-
for laboratory examination under the supervision of vet- ing time to understand the points being made, asking
erinary or laboratory animal technologists or technicians, questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappro-
veterinarians, or scientists. Assists veterinarian in variety priate times. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor-
of animal health care duties, including injections, mation effectively. Social Perceptiveness: Being aware of
venipunctures, and wound dressings. Prepares examina- others reactions and understanding why they react as they
tion or treatment room and holds or restrains animal dur- do. Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve
ing procedures. Prepares patient, medications, equipment, problems.
V
and instruments for surgical procedures, using specialized

knowledge. Assists veterinarian during surgical procedures,
passing instruments and materials in accordance with oral
instructions. Inspects products or carcasses to ensure com-
Animal Trainers; Nonfarm Animal Caretakers; Veterinar-
pliance with health standards when employed in food pro-
cessing plant. Assists professional personnel with research ians; Veterinary Technologists and Technicians. PERSON-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
ALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently tistry: Knowledge of the information and techniques
involve work activities that include practical, hands-on needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and
problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, ani- deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alterna-
mals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and ma- tives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive
chinery. Many of the occupations require working outside health-care measures. Therapy and Counseling: Knowl-
and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely edge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis,
with others. treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dys-
functions and for career counseling and guidance. Math-
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Veteri-
nary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary
Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESBi- guage: Knowledge of the structure and content of the En-
ology: Knowledge of plant and animal organisms and their
glish language, including the meaning and spelling of words,
tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions
rules of composition, and grammar.
with each other and the environment. Medicine and Den-

Veterinary Technologists

Growth: 39.3%
and Technicians Annual Job Openings: 6,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 11.7%
Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Animal Breeders;
use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in ani- Animal Trainers; Nonfarm Animal Caretakers; Veterinar-
mals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of dis- ians; Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Care-
eases. Prepare tissue samples; take blood samples; and takers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data available.
execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Veteri-
counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and
maintain equipment and machines. SKILLSNo data nary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veteri-
nary Assistant. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
available.

Vocational Education Annual Earnings: $38,540
Growth: 23.5%
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 42.5%
Teach or instruct vocational or occupational subjects at persons to operate industrial machinery and equipment
the postsecondary level (but at less than the baccalaure- and transportation and communications equipment.
ate) to students who have graduated or left high school. Teaching may take place in public or private schools
Includes correspondence school instructors; industrial, whose primary business is education or in a school asso-
commercial and government training instructors; and ciated with an organization whose primary business is
adult education teachers and instructors who prepare other than education. Conducts on-the-job training,
_____________________________________________Vocational Education Teachers, Postsecondary
classes, or training sessions to teach and demonstrate prin- logical Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teach-
ciples, techniques, procedures, or methods of designated ers, Postsecondary; Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary;
subjects. Plans course content and method of instruction. Child Care Workers; Communications Teachers,
Selects and assembles books, materials, supplies, and equip- Postsecondary; Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
ment for training, courses, or projects. Participates in Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
meetings, seminars, and training sessions and integrates Postsecondary; Curators; Economics Teachers,
relevant information into training program. Recommends Postsecondary; Education Teachers, Postsecondary; Edu-
advancement, transfer, or termination of student or trainee cational Psychologists; Educational, Vocational, and School
based on mastery of subject. Arranges for lectures by sub- Counselors; Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
ject matter experts in designated fields. Reviews enroll- Education; Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary; English
ment applications and corresponds with applicants. Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary; Envi-
Prepares reports and maintains records, such as student ronmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Farm and
grades, attendance, training activities, production records, Home Management Advisors; Foreign Language and Lit-
and supply or equipment inventories. Develops teaching erature Teachers, Postsecondary; Forestry and Conserva-
aids, such as instructional software, multimedia visual aids, tion Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Geography Teachers,
computer tutorials, or study materials for instruction in Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching Assistants; Health Spe-
vocational or occupational subjects. Corrects, grades, and cialties Teachers, Postsecondary; History Teachers,
comments on lesson assignments. Determines training Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary;
needs of students or workers. Administers oral, written, Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education; Law
or performance tests to measure progress and to evaluate Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library Assistants,
effectiveness of training. Solves operational problems and Clerical; Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Library
provides technical assistance with equipment and process Technicians; Mathematical Science Teachers,
techniques. Prepares outline of instructional program and Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
training schedule and establishes course goals. Observes Vocational Education; Museum Technicians and Conser-
and evaluates students work to determine progress, pro- vators; Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary;
vide feedback, and make suggestions for improvement. Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and Religion
Presents lectures and conducts discussions to increase stu- Teachers, Postsecondary; Physics Teachers, Postsecondary;
dents knowledge and competence, using visual aids such Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Postsecondary
as graphs, charts, videotapes, and slides. SKILLSWrit- Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONALITY TYPE
ing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate Social. Social occupations frequently involve working with,
for the needs of the audience. Speaking: Talking to others communicating with, and teaching people. These occu-
to convey information effectively. Reading Comprehen- pations often involve helping or providing service to oth-
sion: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in ers.
work-related documents. Active Listening: Giving full
attention to what other people are saying, taking time to EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Agricul-
tural Teacher Education; Business Teacher Education;
Health Occupations Teacher Education; Sales and Mar-
keting Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher
Instructing: Teaching others how to do something.
Education; Teacher Education and Professional Develop-
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 12. Education ment, Specific Subject Areas, Other; Technical Teacher
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Education; Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts
vices. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Adult Lit- Teacher Education; Trade and Industrial Teacher Educa-
eracy, Remedial Education, and GED Teachers and tion. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEduca-
Instructors; Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary; tion and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods
V
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary; for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruc-
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary; Archivists; Area, tion for individuals and groups, and the measurement of
Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art, training effects. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric, ture and content of the English language, including the
Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and
Postsecondary; Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Bio- grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica- nology. Administration and Management: Knowledge of
tions. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and business and management principles involved in strategic
clerical procedures and systems, such as word processing, planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling,
managing files and records, stenography and transcription, leadership technique, production methods, and coordi-
designing forms, and other office procedures and termination of people and resources.

Vocational Education

Growth: 13.4%
Teachers, Secondary School Annual Job Openings: 7,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 42.5%
Teach or instruct vocational or occupational subjects at nic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary; Art,
the secondary school level. Instructs students, using vari- Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary; Atmospheric,
ous teaching methods, such as lecture and demonstration. Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary;
Assigns lessons and corrects homework. Develops and Audio-Visual Collections Specialists; Biological Science
administers tests. Prepares course outlines and objectives Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Postsecondary;
according to curriculum guidelines or state and local re- Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary; Child Care Workers;
quirements. Uses audiovisual aids and other materials to Communications Teachers, Postsecondary; Computer Sci-
supplement presentations. Evaluates, records, and reports ence Teachers, Postsecondary; Criminal Justice and Law
student progress. Confers with students, parents, and Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary; Curators; Econom-
school counselors to resolve behavioral and academic prob- ics Teachers, Postsecondary; Education Teachers,
lems. Maintains discipline in classroom. Participates in Postsecondary; Educational Psychologists; Educational,
faculty and professional meetings, educational conferences, Vocational, and School Counselors; Elementary School
and teacher training workshops. Selects, stores, orders, is- Teachers, Except Special Education; Engineering Teach-
sues, and inventories classroom equipment, materials, and ers, Postsecondary; English Language and Literature Teach-
supplies. Keeps attendance records. Performs advisory ers, Postsecondary; Environmental Science Teachers,
duties, such as sponsoring student organizations or clubs, Postsecondary; Farm and Home Management Advisors;
helping students select courses, and counseling students Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary;
with problems. SKILLSLearning Strategies: Selecting Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary;
and using training/instructional methods and procedures Geography Teachers, Postsecondary; Graduate Teaching
appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching Assistants; Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary; His-
new things. Speaking: Talking to others to convey infor- tory Teachers, Postsecondary; Home Economics Teachers,
mation effectively. Reading Comprehension: Understand- Postsecondary; Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Edu-
ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related cation; Law Teachers, Postsecondary; Librarians; Library
documents. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve Assistants, Clerical; Library Science Teachers,
problems. Instructing: Teaching others how to do some- Postsecondary; Library Technicians; Mathematical Science
thing. Teachers, Postsecondary; Middle School Teachers, Except
and Social Service. Work Group: 12.03. Educational Ser- Postsecondary; Personal Financial Advisors; Philosophy and
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other; others. PERSONAL-
______________________________________________________________ Waiters and Waitresses
These occupations often involve helping or providing ser- tions. Therapy and Counseling: Knowledge of principles,
vice to others. methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and
rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions and for
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Technol-
career counseling and guidance. Psychology: Knowledge
ogy Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education. of human behavior and performance; individual differ-
W
RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESEducation
ences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and
motivation; psychological research methods; and the as-
ders. Clerical Studies: Knowledge of administrative and
ing effects. English Language: Knowledge of the struc-
ture and content of the English language, including the managing files and records, stenography and transcription,
grammar. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
nology.
bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-

training
Waiters and Waitresses Growth: 18.3%
Self-Employed: 0.6%
Part-Time: 57.0%
Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tion to what other people are saying, taking time to un-
tables in dining establishment. Takes order from patron derstand the points being made, asking questions as ap-
for food or beverage, writing order down or memorizing propriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
it. Observes patrons to respond to additional requests and Service Orientation: Actively looking for ways to help
to determine when meal has been completed or beverage people. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve prob-
consumed. Presents menu to patron, suggests food or bev- lems. Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing your perfor-
erage selections, and answers questions regarding prepa- mance or that of other individuals or organizations to
ration and service. Obtains and replenishes supplies of make improvements or take corrective action. Social Per-
food, tableware, and linen. Computes cost of meal or ceptiveness: Being aware of others reactions and under-
beverage. Serves, or assists patrons to serve themselves, at standing why they react as they do.
buffet or smorgasbord table. Serves meals or beverages to
patrons. Relays order to kitchen or enters order into com-
puter. Accepts payment and returns change or refers pa-
Food and Beverage Services. Other Job Titles in This
tron to cashier. Removes dishes and glasses from table or
counter and takes them to kitchen for cleaning. Prepares Work Group: Bakers; Bakers, Bread and Pastry; Bartend-
ers; Butchers and Meat Cutters; Chefs and Head Cooks;
hot, cold, and mixed drinks for patrons and chills bottles
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Includ-
of wine. Cleans and arranges assigned station, including
ing Fast Food; Cooks, All Other; Cooks, Fast Food; Cooks,
side stands, chairs, and table pieces such as linen, silver-
Institution and Cafeteria; Cooks, Restaurant; Cooks, Short
ware, and glassware. Prepares salads, appetizers, and cold
Order; Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession,
dishes; portions desserts; brews coffee; and performs other
services as determined by establishments size and prac- and Coffee Shop; Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants
and Bartender Helpers; Dishwashers; Food Preparation
tices. Fills salt, pepper, sugar, cream, condiment, and nap-
and Serving Related Workers, All Other; Food Prepara-
kin containers. Carves meats, bones fish and fowl, and
tion Workers; Food Servers, Nonrestaurant; Hosts and
prepares special dishes and desserts at work station or
Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop. PER-
patrons table. Garnishes and decorates dishes preparatory
SONALITY TYPESocial. Social occupations frequently
to serving. SKILLSActive Listening: Giving full atten-
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
involve working with, communicating with, and teach- tions. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and
ing people. These occupations often involve helping or content of the English language, including the meaning
providing service to others. and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
mar. Sales and Marketing: Knowledge of principles and
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Food Ser- methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or
services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, prod-
Manager. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSES
uct demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control sys-
tems. Psychology: Knowledge of human behavior and
performance; individual differences in ability, personality,
and interests; learning and motivation; psychological re-
quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer search methods; and the assessment and treatment of be-
satisfaction. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, al-
havioral and affective disorders.

Water and Liquid Waste training
Treatment Plant and System Growth: 18.1%
Operators Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 1.8%
Operate or control an entire process or system of ma- Quality Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspec-
chines, often through the use of control boards, to trans- tions of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality
fer or treat water or liquid waste. Operates and adjusts or performance.
controls on equipment to purify and clarify water, process
or dispose of sewage, and generate power. Collects and
Production. Work Group: 08.06. Systems Operation.
tests water and sewage samples, using test equipment and
Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Auxiliary Equip-
color analysis standards. Cleans and maintains tanks and
ment Operators, Power; Boiler Operators and Tenders,
filter beds, using hand tools and power tools. Directs and
Low Pressure; Chemical Plant and System Operators; Gas
coordinates plant workers engaged in routine operations
and maintenance activities. Maintains, repairs, and lubri- Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators; Gas
Compressor Operators; Gas Distribution Plant Operators;
cates equipment, using hand tools and power tools.
Gas Plant Operators; Gas Processing Plant Operators; Gas
Records operational data, personnel attendance, and meter
Pumping Station Operators; Gaugers; Nuclear Power Re-
and gauge readings on specified forms. Inspects equip-
actor Operators; Petroleum Pump System Operators; Pe-
ment and monitors operating conditions, meters, and
troleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and
gauges to determine load requirements and detect mal-
functions. Adds chemicals, such as ammonia, chlorine, Gaugers; Petroleum Refinery and Control Panel Opera-
tors; Plant and System Operators, All Other; Power Dis-
and lime, to disinfect and deodorize water and other liq-
tributors and Dispatchers; Power Generating Plant
uids. SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling op-
Operators, Except Auxiliary Equipment Operators; Power
erations of equipment or systems. Operation Monitoring:
Plant Operators; Ship Engineers; Stationary Engineers;
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a
Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators; Wellhead
machine is working properly. Science: Using scientific rules
and methods to solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Pumpers. PERSONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic
occupations frequently involve work activities that include
related documents. Critical Thinking: Using logic and
wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations re-
lems. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
________________________________Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Water ing: Knowledge of raw materials, production processes,

Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Re- quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximiz-
cycling Technology/Technician. RELATED KNOWL- ing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
EDGE/COURSESChemistry: Knowledge of the Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geom-
chemical composition, structure, and properties of sub- etry, calculus, and statistics and their applications. Cleri-
W
stances and of the chemical processes and transformations cal Studies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical
that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and procedures and systems, such as word processing, manag-
their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, ing files and records, stenography and transcription, de-
and disposal methods. Principles of Mechanical Devices: signing forms, and other office procedures and
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, terminology.
uses, repair, and maintenance. Production and Process-

Weighers, Measurers, training
Checkers, and Samplers, Growth: 17.9%
Recordkeeping Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 16.2%
Weigh, measure, and check materials, supplies, and Operates or tends machines to clean or sanitize equip-
equipment for the purpose of keeping relevant records. ment or manually washes equipment, using detergent,
Duties are primarily clerical by nature. Weighs or mea- brushes, and hoses. Collects fees and issues receipts for
sures materials or products, using volume meters, scales, payments. Examines blueprints and prepares plans, lay-
rules, and calipers. Compares product labels, tags, or tick- outs, or drawings of facility or finished products to iden-
ets; shipping manifests; purchase orders; and bills of lad- tify storage locations or verify parts assemblies. Collects,
ing to verify that the contents, quantity, or weight of prepares, or attaches measurement, weight, or identifica-
shipments is accurate. Removes products or loads not tion labels or tickets to products. Documents quantity,
meeting quality standards from stock and notifies super- quality, type, weight, and value of materials or products
visor or appropriate department of discrepancy or short- to maintain shipping, receiving, and production records
age. Transports materials, products, or samples to and files. Examines products or materials, parts, and sub-
processing, shipping, or storage areas manually or by us- assemblies for damage, defects, or shortages, using speci-
ing conveyors, pumps, or hand trucks. Unloads or un- fication sheets, gauges, and standards charts. Counts or
packs incoming shipments or arranges, packs, or prepares estimates quantities of materials, parts, or products received
materials and products for display, distribution, outgoing or shipped. SKILLSOperation and Control: Control-
shipment, or storage. Fills orders for products and samples, ling operations of equipment or systems. Mathematics:
following order tickets, and forwards or mails items. Col- Using mathematics to solve problems. Equipment Selec-
lects and prepares product samples for laboratory analysis tion: Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed
or testing. Maintains perpetual inventory of samples and to do a job. Operation Monitoring: Watching gauges,
replenishes stock to maintain required levels. Sorts prod- dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is work-
ucts or materials into predetermined sequence or group- ing properly. Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation
ings for packing, shipping, or storage. Prepares to others actions. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
measurement tables and conversion charts, using standard ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
formulae. Computes product totals and charges for shipments.
ments, using calculator. Works with, signals, or instructs
other workers to weigh, move, or check products. Com-
municates with customers and vendors to exchange infor-
cessing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Cargo
mation regarding products, materials, and services.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
and Freight Agents; Couriers and Messengers; Mail Clerks, edge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems,
Except Mail Machine Operators and Postal Service; Mark- such as word processing, managing files and records, ste-
ing Clerks; Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales; Postal nography and transcription, designing forms, and other
Service Mail Carriers; Postal Service Mail Sorters, Proces- office procedures and terminology. Mathematics: Knowl-
sors, and Processing Machine Operators; Shipping, Re- edge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statis-
ceiving, and Traffic Clerks; Stock Clerks and Order Fillers; tics and their applications. Production and Processing:
Stock ClerksStockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard. Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, qual-
PERSONALITY TYPEConventional. Conventional ity control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing
occupations frequently involve following set procedures the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Trans-
and routines. These occupations can include working with portation: Knowledge of principles and methods for mov-
data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a ing people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the
clear line of authority to follow. relative costs and benefits. Design: Knowledge of design
of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
models.

training
Welder-Fitters Growth: 19.3%
Self-Employed: 7.0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Lay out, fit, and fabricate metal components to assemble torch and adjusts valves, amperage, or voltage to obtain
structural forms, such as machinery frames, bridge parts, desired flame or arc. Analyzes engineering drawings and
and pressure vessels, using knowledge of welding tech- specifications to plan layout, assembly, and welding op-
niques, metallurgy, and engineering requirements. In- erations. Develops templates and other work aids to hold
cludes experimental welders who analyze engineering and align parts. Determines required equipment and weld-
drawings and specifications to plan welding operations ing method, applying knowledge of metallurgy, geometry,
where procedural information is unavailable. Lays out, and welding techniques. SKILLSMathematics: Using
positions, and secures parts and assemblies according to mathematics to solve problems. Equipment Selection:
specifications, using straightedge, combination square, Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to
calipers, and ruler. Tack-welds or welds components and do a job. Repairing: Repairing machines or systems, us-
assemblies, using electric, gas, arc, or other welding equip- ing the needed tools. Equipment Maintenance: Perform-
ment. Cuts workpiece, using powered saws, hand shears, ing routine maintenance on equipment and determining
or chipping knife. Melts lead bar, wire, or scrap to add when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Quality
lead to joint or to extrude melted scrap into reusable form. Control Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of
Installs or repairs equipment, such as lead pipes, valves, products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or per-
floors, and tank linings. Observes tests on welded surfaces, formance.
such as hydrostatic, X-ray, and dimension tolerance, to
evaluate weld quality and conformance to specifications. GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial
Inspects grooves, angles, or gap allowances, using microme-
ter, caliper, and precision measuring instruments. Removes
rough spots from workpiece, using portable grinder, hand
file, or scraper. Welds components in flat, vertical, or over-
head positions. Heats, forms, and dresses metal parts, us-
ing hand tools, torch, or arc welding equipment. Ignites cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip-
_________________________________________________________________ Welders and Cutters
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con- work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
W
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- of the occupations require working outside and do not
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
repair, and maintenance. Design: Knowledge of design
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex- of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and
models. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
practical application of engineering science and technol-
ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
various goods and services. Building and Construction:
Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
structures, such as highways and roads. Production and
Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production pro-
cesses, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass goods.

training
Welders and Cutters Growth: 19.3%
Self-Employed: 7.0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Use hand welding and flame-cutting equipment to weld conformance to specifications. Chips or grinds off excess
together metal components and parts or to cut, trim, or weld, slag, or spatter, using hand scraper or power chip-
scarf metal objects to dimensions as specified by layouts, per, portable grinder, or arc-cutting equipment. Positions
work orders, or blueprints. Welds metal parts or compo- workpieces and clamps together or assembles in jigs or
nents together, using brazing, gas, or arc welding equip- fixtures. Preheats workpiece, using hand torch or heating
ment. Repairs broken or cracked parts, fills holes, and furnace. Ignites torch or starts power supply and strikes
increases size of metal parts, using welding equipment. arc. Reviews layouts, blueprints, diagrams, or work orders
Welds in flat, horizontal, vertical, or overhead position. in preparation for welding or cutting metal components.
Cleans or degreases parts, using wire brush, portable Selects and inserts electrode or gas nozzle into holder and
grinder, or chemical bath. Inspects finished workpiece for connects hoses and cables to obtain gas or specified
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
amperage, voltage, or polarity. Connects and turns regu- Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
lator valves to activate and adjust gas flow and pressure to Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
obtain desired flame. Selects and installs torch, torch tip, Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
filler rod, and flux according to welding chart specifica- Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
tions or type and thickness of metal. Guides electrodes or Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
torch along weld line at specified speed and angle to weld, ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
melt, cut, or trim metal. SKILLSOperation Monitor- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
ing: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
sure a machine is working properly. Operation and Con- Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
trol: Controlling operations of equipment or systems. and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems. ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
Equipment Selection: Determining the kind of tools and Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
equipment needed to do a job. Equipment Maintenance: TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and de- work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
termining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 08. Industrial of the occupations require working outside and do not
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce- EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling repair, and maintenance. Building and Construction:
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and Knowledge of materials, methods, and tools involved in
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- structures, such as highways and roads. Production and
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con- Processing: Knowledge of raw materials, production pro-
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; cesses, quality control, costs, and other techniques for
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- goods. Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools,
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- and principles involved in production of precision techni-
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting cal plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Physics:
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; Knowledge and prediction of physical principles and laws
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; and their interrelationships and applications to understand-
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and ing fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics and me-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat- chanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic structures and
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and processes. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, alge-
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma- bra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applica-
chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex- tions. Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the
truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders, practical application of engineering science and technol-
Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma- ogy. This includes applying principles, techniques, proce-
chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass dures, and equipment to the design and production of
Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting various goods and services.
_________________________________________________________________ Welders, Production

training
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, Annual Earnings: $28,490
Growth: 19.3%
and Brazers Annual Job Openings: 51,000
W
Self-Employed: 7.0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand soldering, or Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
products. SKILLSNo data available. chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and COURSESNo data available.

training
Welders, Production Growth: 19.3%
Self-Employed: 7.0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Assemble and weld metal parts on production line, us- mixture. Ignites torch and regulates flow of gas and air to
ing welding equipment requiring only a limited knowl- obtain desired temperature, size, and color of flame. Pre-
edge of welding techniques. Welds or tack welds metal heats workpieces preparatory to welding or bending, us-
parts together, using spot welding gun or hand, electric, ing torch. Fills cavities or corrects malformation in lead
or gas welding equipment. Connects hoses from torch to parts and hammers out bulges and bends in metal
tanks of oxygen and fuel gas and turns valves to release workpieces. Examines workpiece for defects and measures
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
workpiece with straightedge or template to ensure con- chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
formance with specifications. Climbs ladders or works on truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
scaffolds to disassemble structures. Signals crane operator Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
to move large workpieces. Dismantles metal assemblies or chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
cuts scrap metal, using thermal-cutting equipment such Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
as flame-cutting torch or plasma-arc equipment. Positions Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
and secures workpiece, using hoist, crane, wire and band- Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
ing machine, or hand tools. Selects, positions, and secures Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
torch, cutting tips, or welding rod according to type, thick- Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
ness, area, and desired temperature of metal. Guides and Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
directs flame or electrodes on or across workpiece to ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
straighten, bend, melt, or build up metal. Fuses parts to- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
gether, seals tension points, and adds metal to build up Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
parts. SKILLSOperation and Control: Controlling Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
operations of equipment or systems. Operation Monitor- and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
ing: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
sure a machine is working properly. Equipment Selection: Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations frequently involve
do a job. Equipment Maintenance: Performing routine work activities that include practical, hands-on problems
maintenance on equipment and determining when and and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and
what kind of maintenance is needed. Mathematics: Us- real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many
ing mathematics to solve problems. of the occupations require working outside and do not
Production. Work Group: 08.03. Production Work. Other EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding
Job Titles in This Work Group: Bakers, Manufacturing; Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
Bindery Machine Operators and Tenders; Brazers; Ce- COURSESPrinciples of Mechanical Devices: Knowl-
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; edge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses,
Chemical Equipment Controllers and Operators; Chemi- repair, and maintenance. Production and Processing:
cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, qual-
ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling ity control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing
Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and the effective manufacture and distribution of goods. Build-
Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders, ing and Construction: Knowledge of materials, methods,
Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op- and tools involved in the construction or repair of houses,
erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con- buildings, or other structures, such as highways and roads.
trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic; Public Safety and Security: Knowledge of relevant equip-
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders; ment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote ef-
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op- fective local, state, or national security operations for the
erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut- protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles
and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders; and laws and their interrelationships and applications to
Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics
Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and and mechanical, electrical, atomic, and sub-atomic struc-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat- tures and processes. Mathematics: Knowledge of arith-
ing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and metic, algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics and their
Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma- applications.
________________________________________________ Welding Machine Operators and Tenders

on-the-job training
Welding Machine Operators Annual Earnings: $28,220
Growth: 15.1%
and Tenders Annual Job Openings: 9,000
W
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Operate or tend welding machines that join or bond to- cal Equipment Operators and Tenders; Chemical Equip-
gether components to fabricate metal products and as- ment Tenders; Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling
semblies according to specifications and blueprints. Equipment Operators and Tenders; Coating, Painting, and
Operates or tends welding machines that join or bond Spraying Machine Operators and Tenders; Coil Winders,
components to fabricate metal products and assemblies. Tapers, and Finishers; Combination Machine Tool Op-
Turns and presses knobs and buttons to adjust and start erators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Computer-Con-
welding machine. Enters operating instructions into com- trolled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic;
puter to adjust and start welding machine. Stops and opens Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders;
holding device on welding machine, using hand tools. Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Op-
Reads production schedule and specifications to ascertain erators, and Tenders; Cutters and Trimmers, Hand; Cut-
product to be fabricated. Positions and adjusts fixtures, ting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders; Cutting
attachments, or workpiece on machine, using hand tools and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders;
and measuring devices. Observes and listens to welding Design Printing Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators;
machine and its controls to ensure welding process meets Electrolytic Plating and Coating Machine Operators and
specifications. Inspects metal workpiece to ensure specifi- Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Electrolytic Plating and Coat-
cations are met, using measuring devices. Transfers coming Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and
ponents, metal products, and assemblies, using moving Plastic; Electrotypers and Stereotypers; Embossing Ma-
equipment. Cleans and maintains workpieces and weld- chine Set-Up Operators; Engraver Set-Up Operators; Ex-
ing machine parts, using hand tools and equipment. Adds truding and Forming Machine Operators and Tenders,
chemicals or solutions to welding machine to join or bind Synthetic or Glass Fibers; Extruding and Forming Ma-
components. Tends auxiliary equipment used in the weld- chine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass
ing process. SKILLSOperation and Control: Control- Fibers; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting
ling operations of equipment or systems. Operation Machine Operators and Tenders; Fabric and Apparel
Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators Patternmakers; Fiber Product Cutting Machine Setters and
to make sure a machine is working properly. Equipment Set-Up Operators; Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators;
Selection: Determining the kind of tools and equipment Film Laboratory Technicians; Fitters, Structural Metal
needed to do a job. Equipment Maintenance: Perform- Precision; Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Dry-
ing routine maintenance on equipment and determining ing Machine Operators and Tenders; Food Batchmakers;
when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Reading Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders; Furnace,
Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders; Glass
paragraphs in work-related documents. Mathematics: Cutting Machine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Graders
Using mathematics to solve problems. Quality Control and Sorters, Agricultural Products; Grinding and Polish-
Analysis: Conducting tests and inspections of products, ing Workers, Hand; Hand Compositors and Typesetters;
services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. Heaters, Metal and Plastic; others. PERSONALITY
menting and Gluing Machine Operators and Tenders; involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Welding content of the English language, including the meaning

Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/ and spelling of words, rules of composition, and gram-
COURSESProduction and Processing: Knowledge of mar. Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition,
raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemi-
and other techniques for maximizing the effective manu- cal processes and transformations that they undergo. This
facture and distribution of goods. Principles of Mechani- includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger
cal Devices: Knowledge of machines and tools, including signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. Math-
their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance. Engineering ematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, cal-
and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application culus, and statistics and their applications. Computers and
of engineering science and technology. This includes ap- Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips,
plying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment electronic equipment, and computer hardware and soft-
to the design and production of various goods and ser- ware, including applications and programming.
vices. English Language: Knowledge of the structure and

vocational training
Welding Machine Setters and Annual Earnings: $28,220
Growth: 15.1%
Set-Up Operators Annual Job Openings: 9,000
Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Set up or set up and operate welding machines that join processes to evaluate quality or performance. Operation
or bond together components to fabricate metal prod- Monitoring: Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators
ucts or assemblies according to specifications and blue- to make sure a machine is working properly. Operation
prints. Sets up and operates welding machines that join and Control: Controlling operations of equipment or sys-
or bond components to fabricate metal products or as- tems. Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
semblies. Feeds workpiece into welding machine to join
or bond components. Observes and listens to welding
machine and its gauges to ensure welding process meets Production. Work Group: 08.02. Production Technology.
specifications. Turns and presses controls, such as cranks,
knobs, and buttons, to adjust and activate welding pro-
cess. Operates welding machine to produce trial workpieces
for examination and testing. Lays out, fits, or tacks
workpieces together, using hand tools. Examines metal
product or assemblies to ensure specifications are met. Bindery Workers; Bookbinders; Buffing and Polishing Set-
Tends auxiliary equipment used in welding process. Tests
products and records test results and operational data on
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set-
specified forms. Devises and builds fixtures used to bond
components during the welding process. Cleans and main-
Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting,
tains workpieces and welding machine parts, using hand
tools and equipment. Adds components, chemicals, and Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians;
solutions to welding machine, using hand tools. Stops and
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
opens holding device on welding machine, using hand
tools. Positions and adjusts fixtures, attachments, or
workpieces on machine, using hand tools. SKILLS
equipment needed to do a job. Quality Control Analysis: and Other Machine Assemblers; Extruding and Drawing
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or
_______________________ Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma- outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working
chine Setters and Set-Up Operators; Extruding, Forming, closely with others.
ders, Metal and Plastic; Foundry Mold and Coremakers; Technology/Welder. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
W
repair, and maintenance. Production and Processing:
Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip-
duction techniques, and disposal methods. Design: Knowl-
Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma- edge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved
terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER-
drawings, and models. Engineering and Technology:
SONALITY TYPERealistic. Realistic occupations
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering sci-
ence and technology. This includes applying principles,
techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and
and machinery. Many of the occupations require working production of various goods and services.

Welding, Soldering, and on-the-job training
Brazing Machine Setters, Growth: 15.1%
Operators, and Tenders Self-Employed: 0%
Part-Time: 2.6%
Set up, operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing Setters and Set-Up Operators, Metal and Plastic; Cutting,
machines or robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Ten-
metal products, components, or assemblies. SKILLS ders, Metal and Plastic; Dental Laboratory Technicians;
No data available. Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
craft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers; tic; Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Ma-
Operators; Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Set- and Deburring Machine Set-Up Operators; Grinding,
Part II ____________________________________________________________________________
Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heat Treating Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and
Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Log Graders and Scalers; Ma-
Plastic; Heat Treating, Annealing, and Tempering Machine terials Inspectors; Mechanical Inspectors; others. PER-
Operators and Tenders, Metal and Plastic; Heating Equip- SONALITY TYPENo data available.

Writers and Authors Growth: 28.4%
Part-Time: 18.5%
Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Broadcast

stories, advertisements, and other material. SKILLS Journalism; Business/Corporate Communications; Com-
No data available. munication Studies/Speech Communication and Rheto-
ric; Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs,
Editing. Other Job Titles in This Work Group: Copy Journalism; Mass Communication/Media Studies;
Writers; Creative Writers; Editors; Poets and Lyricists;
Technical Writers. PERSONALITY TYPENo data
Writing. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/COURSESNo
available.
data available.

Zoologists and Wildlife

Growth: 21.0%
Biologists Annual Job Openings: 5,000
Self-Employed: 4.9%
Part-Time: 6.6%
Study the origins, behavior, diseases, genetics, and life mental studies, using chemicals and various types of sci-
processes of animals and wildlife. May specialize in wild- entific equipment. Raises specimens for study and obser-
life research and management, including the collection vation or for use in experiments. Prepares collections of
and analysis of biological data to determine the environ- preserved specimens or microscopic slides for species iden-
mental effects of present and potential use of land and tification and study of species development or animal dis-
water areas. Studies origin, interrelationships, classifica- ease. SKILLSScience: Using scientific rules and methods
tion, life histories and diseases, development, genetics, and to solve problems. Reading Comprehension: Understand-
distribution of animals. Studies animals in their natural ing written sentences and paragraphs in work-related docu-
habitats and assesses effects of environment on animals. ments. Active Learning: Understanding the implications
Analyzes characteristics of animals to identify and classify of new information for both current and future problem-
animals. Collects and dissects animal specimens and ex- solving and decision-making. Writing: Communicating
amines specimens under microscope. Conducts experi- effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the
_______________________________________________________ Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
audience. Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning EDUCATION/TRAINING PROGRAM(S)Animal

to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative so- Behavior and Ethology; Animal Physiology; Cell/Cellular
lutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems. Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other; Ecology; Ento-
mology; Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management;
GOE INFORMATIONInterest Area: 02. Science, Wildlife Biology; Zoology/Animal Biology; Zoology/Ani-
mal Biology, Other. RELATED KNOWLEDGE/
dencies, and interactions with each other and the envi-
ronment. Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,
gists; Biophysicists; Conservation Scientists; Environmen- geometry, calculus, and statistics and their applications.
Epidemiologists; Food Science Technicians; Food Scien-
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists; Microbiolo-
Z
gists; Plant Scientists; Range Managers; Soil and Plant
duction techniques, and disposal methods. Clerical Stud-
Scientists; Soil Conservationists; Soil Scientists. PERSON- ies: Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures
ALITY TYPEInvestigative. Investigative occupations
and systems, such as word processing, managing files and
frequently involve working with ideas and require an ex-
records, stenography and transcription, designing forms,
tensive amount of thinking. These occupations can in-
and other office procedures and terminology. English Lan-
volve searching for facts and figuring out problems
mentally.

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JISTs Best Jobs Series

Best Jobs for

Developed by Michael Farr

Also in JISTs Best Jobs Series

Americas Career Publisher

Published by JIST Works, an imprint of JIST Publishing, Inc.

Phone: 1-800-648-JIST Fax: 1-800-JIST-FAX E-mail: info@jist.com

Some Other Books by the Author

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress.

How We Selected the Best Jobs for the 21st Century

Some Things You Can Do with This Book

Fastest-Growing Jobs for Workers Best Jobs Employing a High

Advertising Sales Agents .............................. 165 Auditors ...................................................... 192

Business Teachers, Postsecondary .................. 220 Clergy ......................................................... 246

Computer Software Engineers, Dental Assistants ......................................... 296

Electronics Engineers, Except Computer ...... 325 Financial Managers, Branch or

First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and

Human Resources Managers ........................ 412 Legal Secretaries .......................................... 437

Medical Records and Health Information Network and Computer Systems

Pediatricians, General ................................. 510 Preschool Teachers, Except

Refuse and Recyclable Material Securities, Commodities, and Financial

Spotters, Dry Cleaning ................................ 618 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution

Who This Book Is For and What It

Where the Information Comes From

Earnings, Growth, and Number of Openings

Projected Growth and Number of Job Openings

Information in the Job Descriptions

How the 500 Best Jobs Were Selected

Why This Book Has More Than 500 Jobs

The Data in This Book Can Be Misleading

Part I: The Best Jobs Lists

Best Jobs Overall: Lists of Jobs with the Highest

Best Jobs Lists with High Percentages of

Best Jobs Lists Based on Levels of Education and

Best Jobs Lists Based on Interests

Best Jobs Lists Based on Personality Types

Part II: The Job Descriptions

Sources of Additional Information

Understand the Limitations

Some Details on the Lists

Postsecondary; Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary; Business Teachers, Post-

Best Jobs Overall: Lists of Jobs with the

The 500 Best Jobs OverallJobs with the

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

1. Computer Software Engineers, Applications $70,210 100.0% 28,000

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

35. Truck Drivers, Heavy and Tractor-Trailer $32,580 19.8% 240,000

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

68. Legal Secretaries $34,610 20.3% 36,000

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

98. Cost Estimators $46,960 16.5% 28,000

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

131. Elementary School Teachers, Except Special

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

195. Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters $28,000 19.5% 20,000

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

225. Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

255. First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Landscaping,

The 500 Best Jobs Overall

285. Travel Clerks $24,090 14.5% 39,000

The 500 Best Jobs Overall