University of Gujrat

Department of Information Technology

Title Database Systems

Code IT-245

Credit Hours 4.0

Prerequisite

Instructor

To teach Students history of Database.

Aims and Objectives
To provide understanding of Data Models and teach their
Comparison.
To provide understanding of Analysis and Design issues of
Databases.
To provide Entity Relationship Diagram Concepts.
ERD Transformation into tables.
Develop strong skills of Structured Query Language
To provide an overview of Distributed Database and its
comparison with Centralize Databases
To create awareness of Contemporary Advance Topics of
Databases

Test Books 1. Database Systems by Thomas Connally

Reference Books 1. Database Systems Principles, Design and Implementation by

Catherine Ricardo
2. Fundamentals of Database Systems by Ramez Elmasri and
Shamkant Navathe

Assessment Criteria Sessional 25% Mid 25% Final 50%

Quizzes 10%

Assignments 5%

Presentation 10%
 Sixteen-week lecture plan

Week Lecture Topic

Introduction

Database Approach:

1 The Database Management System (DBMS)

Advantages & Disadvantages

Traditional File Based Systems (File-Based approach, Limitations)

1
Database Environment:

Data and Database Administrators

2 Database Designers

Application Developers

End-Users

ANSI-SPARC Architecture:

External Level
3
Conceptual Level

Internal Level

Database System Models:

2
Concept and Evaluation of Database Model

Flat file Model, Hierarchical model

4
Network Model, Relational Model

Object Relational Model

Object Based Data Model

 Overview of Information Engineering Methodology

Planning

Analysis

Develop Conceptual Data model

5 o Design

o Logical Database Design

o Physical Database Design

Implementation

Maintenance
3
Database planning

Uses of Fact-Finding Techniques

What Facts are collected?

o Fact Finding Techniques

6 o Examining Documentation

o Interviewing

o Observation

o Research

o Questionnaires

Database Design:

Approaches to Database Design

Data Modeling
4 7
Phases of Database Design

Conceptual Database Design

Introduction to Entity-Relational model

 Attributes:

Simple & Composite Attributes

Single Valued & Multi-Valued Attributes

8 Derived Attributes

Keys

Strong & weak Entity Types

Attributes on Relationships

Structural Constrains:

One-to-One Relationships

9 One-to-Many Relationships
5
Many-to-Many Relationships

Cardinality and Participation Constrain

10 Introduction to EERD

Logical Database Design

Normalization

Purpose of Normalization

Data Redundancy & Update Anomalies:

o Insertion Anomalies

6 11 o Deletion Anomalies

o Update Anomalies

The Process of Normalization

o First Normal Form (INF)

o Second Normal Form(2NF)

o Functional Dependency
 Third Normal Form:

Transitive Dependency

Boyce-Codd Normal Form

12
Forth Normal Form

Multi-valued Dependency

Fifth Normal Form (5 NF)

Introduction to SQL:

Objective of SQL

Categories of SQL Commands

Data Definition:
13
Create a Database

Creating Tables

Altering Table
7
Dropping Table

Data Integrity

Types of Data integrity

Entity Integrity
14
Domain Integrity

Referential Integrity

User-defined Integrity

8 15, 16 MID Term Exam

 Constraints

PRIMARY KEY Constraint

17 UNIQUE Constraint

IDENTITY Property

9 DEFAULT Definition

Constraints

FOREIGN Key Constraint

18
CHECK Constraint

NOT NULL Constraint

Data Manipulation:

19 Understanding the SELECT command Format

The SELECT Clause

10
Data Manipulation:

20 The FROM Clause

The WHERE Clause

Use of Operators:

21 Relational Operators

Logical Operators

11 Use of Operators:

Wildcard Characters
22
Understanding the NULL values and Expressions

ORDER BY Clause
 Aggregate Functions in SQL

23 The GROUP BY Clause

The HAVING Clause

12
Aggregate Functions in SQL

24 Querying from Multiple Tables

Sub Query

Joins

Types of Joins
25
Inner join

Outer Join
13

Joins

26 Left outer join

Right outer join

Views:

Creating Views

27 Removing views

Updating Views

Advantages and Disadvantages

14
Changing the Content of Tables

The INSERT table Statement

28 The DELETE table Statement

The UPDATE table Statement

Append Action Query

 29 Indexes
15
30 Backup/Recovery

Database Application Design: Information systems and database

development process
31
Introduction to Query Processing & Optimization

16 Foundations of Database Transaction Processing

Introduction to Protocols for Concurrency Control

32
Introduction to Database recovery protocols