What is the author's argument?

In the context of participatory and presentational performance, there is a stark contrast

between the two. As per defined by Turino, participatory performance is a practice where
there isn't any distinction between the artist and the listeners, but "only participants and
potential participants performing different roles, and the primary goal is to involve the
maximum number of people in some performance role" (26). On the other hand,
presentational performance shows where the artists are the ones providing their
own/prepared music for another group whos sole purpose is to listen and not dance or make
the music themselves.

What are some of the differences between participatory and presentational performance?

Mainly with participatory performance, it's a "particular field of activity in which stylized sound
and motion are conceptualized most importantly as hieghtened social interaction"
Attention here is on "the sonic and kinesic interaction among participants"
The main goal of participatory performance is to bring the most attention on "the doing"
rather than the "end product" that comes from that activity (i.e., just the music)
NO artist-audience distinctions
Participatory music can tend to be very repetitive and have predictable improvisation, though
much of it is very loose as is.
With presentational music, the main thing is that there is a very clear divide between the
artists and the audience, where the main action that the audience would have as reaction for
the performance is not much more than sitting and watching (although there MAY be people
watching and dancing/bobbing their head to the music.
As a stark contrast, presentational music is more "Scripted" than participatory music, and
even the improvisation that may appear within the music is within a specific constraint.

What social role can each type of performance have?

Participatory music has its roots in connecting people that all come together for a specific
type of performance. For instance, people going to EDM concerts will all connect on the fact
that they're there for the same thing, and rappers in a cypher are all connecting themselves
because of their own craft. It can also be the basis for a specific tradition in many different
cultures (responsorial music in Church, etc.)
Performance music brings people together as is, since there are many different people that
like the same things they do. That's pretty much the main thing about performance music.