Code No: 07A50503 R07 Set No.

2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations,June 2010
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Common to Information Technology, Electronics And Computer
Engineering, Computer Science And Engineering, Computer Science And
Systems Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write Bresenham’s algorithm for line generation which is suitable for any
slope.

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(b) Using the above algorithm, generate the intermediate points of the line seg-

. c
ment, if the two end-points are given as (30,18) and (20,10). [8+8]

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2. (a) What are the stages involved in two-dimensional viewing transformation pipeline.
Explain briefly about each stage.

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(b) What is parametric representation of a line? What is its form? What are the
typical range of values for parametric variable. [10+6]

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3. (a) How does the z-buffer algorithm determine which surfaces are hidden.

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(b) Show how the calculation of the intersection of an edge with a scan line can
be made incremental as opposed to absolute. [8+8]

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4. (a) Prove that a uniform scaling (sx = sy ) and a rotation form a commutative pair
of operations, but that, in general, scaling and rotation are not commutative.

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(b) Derive the transformation matrix for rotation about origin.
5. Explain the procedure to generate the in-betweens for the key frames.
[8+8]
[16]

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6. (a) Suppose we have a computer with 32 bits per word and a transfer rate of 1
mips (one million instructions per second). How long would it take to fill the
frame buffer of a 300 dpi (dots per inch) laser printer with a page size of 81/2
inches by 11 inches.
(b) Explain the applications of computer graphics in [10+6]
i. entertainment and
ii. education and training.
7. Find a transformation which aligns the vector V = I + J + K with the vector N =
2I-J-K. [16]
8. (a) Explain the approach followed in computing the blending function for non-
uniform non-rational B-splines.
(b) Compare the effects of multiple control points and of multiple knots. [8+8]

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Code No: 07A50503 R07 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations,June 2010
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Common to Information Technology, Electronics And Computer
Engineering, Computer Science And Engineering, Computer Science And
Systems Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write an algorithm to implement scan-line algorithm for displaying visible

surfaces of a given polyhedron.

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(b) Explain how the coherence property is used to evaluate points along and be-
tween scan-lines.

. c [8+8]

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2. Explain the algorithm for polygon clipping by Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithm.
Illustrate with an example. [16]

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3. (a) Consider three different raster systems with resolutions of 640 × 480, 1280 ×
1024 and 2560 × 2048. What size frame buffer (in bytes) is needed for each

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of these systems to store 12 bits per pixel?
(b) Explain the working of plasma panel. [8+8]

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4. (a) Define the B-spline geometry vector GBS and B-spline basis matrix MBS .
(b) Compute the B-spline blending functions. [8+8]

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5. (a) How can scaling with respect to a point P0 (x0 , y0 , z0 ) be defined in terms of
scaling with respect to the origin.

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(b) Explain the step-wise procedure in aligning an arbitrary plane with one of the

w principal planes. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain how the linear interpolation is implemented when the key-frame po-
sitions of an object are given.
(b) Describe linear list notation of animation languages. [16]
7. Show that the transformation matrix for a reflection about the line y=x is equivalent
to a reflection relative to the x - axis followed by a counter clockwise rotation of
900 . [16]
8. (a) Show graphically that an ellipse has four-way symmetry by plotting four points
on the ellipse:
x = a cos θ + h, y = b sin θ + k where a =2, b=1, h=0 and k=0.
(b) When 8-way symmetry of circle is used to obtain a full circle from pixel coor-
dinates generated from first octant, does overstrike occur? Where? [8+8]

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Code No: 07A50503 R07 Set No. 1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations,June 2010
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Common to Information Technology, Electronics And Computer
Engineering, Computer Science And Engineering, Computer Science And
Systems Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Describe the transformations used in magnification and reduction with respect
to the origin.

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(b) Find the new Coordinates of the triangle A(0,0), B(1,1) and C(5,2) after it
has been

. c [8+8]

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i. magnified to twice its size and
ii. reduced to half its size.

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2. Explain the construction of the following devices with suitable sketches and their
operating characterstics

(a) Raster- refresh devices

(b) Vector- refresh devices.
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3. (a) What are the basic rules of animation?

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(b) Give a brief note about the following:
i. Storey board
ii. In-betweening
[8+8]

w iii. Morphing.

4. (a) Suppose point P1 with intensity I1 is on scan line y1 and the point P2 with
intensity I2 is on scan line y2 . Find an incremental formula to compute inten-
sity values I 1 for the scan lines between P1 and P2 using linear interpolation
in the Y-direction.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of interpolated shading method.
[10+6]

5. Explain how the shearing of an object with respect to the three coordinate axes are
implemented. What are the corresponding input values for the shearing parameters.
[16]

6. (a) Write an algorithm to implement the flood-fill algorithm, using the 4-connected
definition for region pixels.
(b) Write the steps involved in Bresenham’s method for line generation whose
slope is between 450 and 900 . [8+8]

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Code No: 07A50503 R07 Set No. 1
7. (a) Distinguish between object-space and image-space methods of visible surface
detection algorithms. Give examples for each.
(b) Given points P1 (1, 2, 0), P2 (3, 6, 20) P3 (2, 4, 6) and a view point C (0, 0, -10),
determine which points obscure the others when viewed from C. [8+8]

8. (a) How the 4-bit outcodes are computed which are used in Cohen-Sutherland
algorithm.
(b) If PEi is a point on the window edge, Ni is the normal vector of the same
window edge and P0 and P1 are the two end-points of a line segment, determine
the parametric variable ‘t’ which determines the Coordinates of intersection
point. [8+8]

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Code No: 07A50503 R07 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations,June 2010
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Common to Information Technology, Electronics And Computer
Engineering, Computer Science And Engineering, Computer Science And
Systems Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What are the steps involved in Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm for |m| > 1,
where m is slope of the line.

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(b) Generate all intermediate points on the line segment, if the two end-points are

. c
given as (10,20) and (18,30) using the above algorithm. [8+8]

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2. (a) Briefly describe various types of input devices used in computer graphics.
(b) Write short notes on:
i. Stroke writing
ii. Raster scan.
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3. (a) Express as a composite transformation matrix, the transformation which mag-
nifies an object about its center C (h,k) by s units in each direction.

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(b) Derive the transformation that rotates an object point θo about the origin.
Write the matrix representation for their rotation. [8+8]
4. Explain the procedure to convert a perspective projection frustrum to a regular

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parallelepiped. [16]
5. (a) Explain the possible relationships between polygon surfaces while implement-

w ing area-subdivision method. How to handle these cases.

(b) Illustrate with an example a scene consisting of three or more planes and
explain how the BSP tree is constructed to represent the scene.
6. (a) Explain the approach followed in subdividing the Bezier curve.
[8+8]

(b) Analyse the effect on B-spline of having in sequence four collinear control
points. [8+8]
7. (a) Illustrate with suitable examples how the three Categories of lines are pro-
cessed using Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.
(b) What is the significance of dot products in decision making in Cyrun-Beck
algorithm? [8+8]
8. Explain the steps involved in transforming a sphere into a specified polyhedron.
[16]

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