DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR FOR A

SIMPLE CYCLE GAS TURBINE ENGINE

Elkin Gutirrez
Grupo de Estudos em Tecnologias de
Converso de Energia - GETEC
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Group presentation

Introduction

Objectives

Compressor design

CFD simulation

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
ABOUT US
The Study Group on Energy Conversion Technologies
GETEC of Federal University of Itajub UNIFEI, was
created in 2009.
In the area of energy conversion, GETEC has experience in
analysis and simulation of gas turbine cycles, and CFD
simulations of compressors, turbines, combustion chambers
and compact heat exchangers recuperators, as well as
laboratory experiments.
GETEC offers training courses in gas turbines engine,
centrifugal and reciprocating compressors, internal
combustion engines, among others.
INTRODUCTION

Solutions to present and future energy shortages will rely

increasingly on improved designs of high-efficiency turbo
machinery.
Centrifugal compressors are used in a wide range of
applications in which performance and mechanical integrity
are invariably among the paramount design objectives.
OBJECTIVE

This work presents the validation and results of a one-

dimensional code for the design of a centrifugal
compressor impeller as a tool for very fast and reliable
preliminary results
Compressor design

PRELIMINAR CYCLE
SIMULATION
ENGINE DESIGN POINT SELECTION
Parameter Value Units
Ambient temperature 288 K
Ambient pressure 101.32 kPa
Turbine inlet temperature 1123 K
Fuel temperature 288 K
Pressure ratio 4 --
Compressor adiabatic efficiency 80 %
Combustion adiabatic efficiency 99 %
Turbine efficiency 85 %
Gas turbine power output 600 kW
THERMAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Stream Temperature Pressure Flow

S1 288 101.3 4.29
S2 461 405.3 4.29
S3 288 500.0 0.07
S4 1123 397.2 4.4
S5 846 101.3 4.4
Compressor design

ONE DIMENSIONAL CODE

CODE INPUT DATA

m
.
NON-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS

Parameter Equation Parameter Equation

Mass Flow U2
Incidence
1 tan 2 / tan 2 Parameter a01
factor
Blade Loading
1/2
2s
k 1
Coefficient
U 2 ( PR) 1
k
Impeller Speed 1

a01 s (k 1) Specific Ns
2

Speed 4

Flow 2 2
r C a
Coefficient 1 1s (1 2 ) 1 01 . U
2

01 r2 a01 U 2 Power W ND 2
Coefficient a01
ONE-DIMENSIONAL CODE OUTPUT DATA
Compressor design

CODE VALIDATION
VALIDATION RESULTS

Parameter Experimental* Code Dev [%]

Hub Radius 35.4 35.5 0.28
Shroud Radius 91.7 92.0 0.36
Exit Radius 200.0 200.9 0.44
Rotation [rpm] 22360 22839 2.14
Exit Absolute Mach 0.96 0.92 3.89
Tangential Velocity 468.3 480.5 2.60

* Krain H. Test Case 2: Centrifugal Impeller, DLR. In: Group ETS, editor. Seminar
and Workshop on 3D Turbomachinery Prediction II. Val dIsre, France; 1994.
Compressor design

CFD SIMULATION
CFD GEOMETRY

Parameter Value Units Parameter Value Units

Shroud radius 95.25 mm Inlet radius 209.56 mm
2
Hub radius 26.67 mm Discharge area 14270 mm
2
Inlet area 26270 mm Discharge radius 282.90 mm
Discharge radius 190.51 mm Blade length 143.00 mm
Blade height 10.84 mm Blade spacing 93.55 mm
Axial length 95.25 mm Blades number 19 ----
2
Discharge area 12970 mm
Blades number 20 ----
ASSEMBLE IMPELLER-DIFFUSER
MESH CHARACTERISTICS

Domain Nodes Elements

Impeller - R1 79 552 69 800
Diffuser - S1 103 114 92 244
Both Domains 182 666 162 044
BOUNDARY PARAMETERS
Inlet
Domain R1
Flow regime Subsonic
Heat transfer Stat. frame total temperature (288 K)
Mass and momentum Stat. Frame Total Pressure (101.32 kPa)
Turbulence: Eddy Viscosity Ratio
Interface
Domain interface R1 to S1
Interface type Fluid-Fluid
Frame change Stage
Mesh connection General Grid Interface
BOUNDARY PARAMETERS
Outlet
Domain S1
Flow regime Subsonic
Mass and momentum Average static pressure (274.52 kPa)
Pressure profile blend 0.05
Wall
Domain R1, S1
Location Hub, Shroud, Blade
Heat transfer Adiabatic
Mass and momentum No slip wall
Wall roughness Smooth wall
CFD RESULTS
COMPARISON RESULTS

Stage parameter CFD Code Dev [%]

Input power 780.4 752.2 3.6
TPR 4.08 4.00 2.0
TTR 1.69 1.61 4.7
i 74.58 80.00 7.3
COMPARISON RESULTS

Inlet parameter
Outlet parameter CFD Code Dev [%]
Static pressure 89.84
280.0 89.84
232.4 0.00
17.0
Total pressure 101.3
512.4 101.3
429.0 0.00
16.3
Static temperature 278.3
402.7 278.3
388.6 0.00
3.50
Total temperature 288.1
486.6 288.0
463.0 0.03
4.87
Absolute Mach 0.41
0.93 0.42
0.98 0.93
4.69
Tangential
Relative Mach
velocity 228.6
0.58 250.9
0.56 9.75
2.83
Absolute velocity 138.5
377.2 144.8
386.5 4.58
2.48
COMPARISON RESULTS

Outlet parameter CFD Code Dev [%]

Absolute velocity 144.7 142.3 1.67
Absolute mach
Inlet parameter 0.33
CFD 0.33 Dev
Code 1.12
[%]
Flow angle
Absolute velocity 33.78
380.6 35.19
349.5 4.01
8.18
Static pressure
Absolute Mach 375.8
0.94 375.8
0.88 0.00
6.32
Total pressure
Flow angle 413.6
26.36 405.3
24.32 2.07
8.37
Static temperature 467.3 453.1 3.13
Total temperature 486.1 463.0 4.99
Mass flow rate 4.11 4.28 4.12
COMPRESSOR CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
100% SPEED

4,2

4,1
Design point

4
Pressure Ratio

3,9

3,8

3,7

3,6

3,5

3,4
4 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6
Mass Flow [kg/s]
CONCLUSIONS

The developed code constitutes a practical and reliable

preliminary design tool for determining the basic
configuration of centrifugal compressors.
Through of a one dimensional code is feasible to obtain
fairly close results, which can be optimized subsequently by
mean of more detailed CFD processes.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Petrobras Research and Development Center (CENPES)

National Council of Technological and Scientific
Development (CNPq)
Foundation for Research Support of Minas Gerais
(FAPEMIG)