OBJECTIVE

To determine iron in food and to study uv-visible spectrometer.

INTRODUCTION

The operation of instrument uv-visible spectroscopy follow by operation manual in lab.in the lab
that have five main component such as source, wavelength selector, sample container, Detector
and readout. In the uv instrument that have two kind of lamps, a deuterium for measured in the
ultraviolet range and tungsten lamp for measurement in the visible and near-infrared ranges, are
used as the light sources of a spectrophotometer. UV-visible spectroscopy that can detect latip
compound. The absorption or reflection in visible range directly affect the perceived colour of
the chemical involved. The colour chemical is a physical property of chemical that in most cases
comes from the excitation of electron due to absorption of energy performed by the chemical. Uv
visible spectroscopy it measured the intensity of light passing through a sample, compares it to
the intensity of light before it passes through the sample.in the lab we determine iron in sample
and the sample uses is Honey Star. The iron contain in Honey Star is about 14mg in 100g cereal.
This experiment was carried out to analyst the iron content in the breakfast cereal and to compare
its content with the iron that listed in nutritious fact label. S=wavelength used is 458 nm on the
UV-VIS.
Apparatus

1. 250ml volumetric flask

2. Bunsen burner
3. Dropper
4. Crucible
5. Glass rod
6. 5ml, 10ml measuring cylinder
7. Filter paper
8. Beaker
9. 20x150mm test tubes

Chemical

1. Distilled water
2. Dry cereal
3. 0.1M KSCN
4. 0.1M HCL
5. 2.0M HCL

6 0.001 M Fe (NO3)3 solution in 0.1 M HCL

Procedures:

Preparation of standard solutions

I. Iron (III) nitrate hydrate, potassium thiocyante, and hydrochloric acid solution was
prepared and uses to prepared standards.
II. The chemical has been prepared by following concentration of 0.1 M HCL and 0.1M
KSCN solution
III. The five test tube was prepared which is standard by following table below.
.

Test Tube Volume of Volume of Volume of Total Concentration

0.001M 0.1M HCl in 0.1M KSCN Volume in (mM/L)
Fe(NO3)3.9H2O ml added into ml
in ml test tubes in
ml
1 0 20 0.00
2 5 15 0.25
3 10 10 2.5 22.5 0.50
4 15 5 0.75
5 20 0 1.00

Preparation of food samples (honey stars)

I. 2.5g of the honey stars has been weighed out and was placed in a crucible.
II. Crucible was heated with a hot burner flame until the food sample has turned into ash. It
has been take 15 minutes to turn ash.
III. The burner has been remove to allow it cool down. When it has cooled, it was transferred
into a small beaker.
IV. 10ml of 2.0M HCl was added and it has been stirred thoroughly for about one minute. 10ml
of distilled water was then added and stirred again.
V. The mixture has been filter and the collect the filtered. Then, 2.5ml of 0.1M KSCN
was added and it was mixed well.
Finding the Absorbance

1. Each standard solution and the food solution was placed into a separate cuvette.
2. The absorbance of each solution was measured and recorded.
Data and Result

rahimi eifa latif asma

Concentration of 0.00019 0.00019 0.00012 0.00011

sample mol/L
Discussion

The experiment have successful done to determine iron contain in Honey star by follow the
procedure using instrument in lab. The instrument used is uv-visible spectrcopy we used about
3/4 analyte in the cuvette. The concentration of the sample is 0.00011 mol/L. The series of 5
standard solution was prepared which different concentration and other to obtain the calibration
curve. By using formula M1V1=M2V2 can determine amount of volume needed to dilute the
standard solution. When doing the experiment that have several precaution should be done which
is to obtain exactly result such as prevent the parallax error and zero error. Parallax error is an
error in reading an instrument due to the eye of the observer and pointer are not in line
perpendicular to the plane of the scale, and zero error is error arises when the measuring
instrument does not start from exactly zero and in addition its should avoid because it may cause
affect for the dilution and make hard to obtain 0.999 for the coefficient. When to use the
instrument we need to rinse the cuvette 3 times with the distilled water to make sure the other
standard not contain inside the cuvette.in addition when want to place the cuvette inside the
instrument must make sure no thumbprint on the outer surface of the cuvette because it may
affect the reading when run the instrument.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, the concentration of the Honey Starts sample determined by the UV-Visible
spectroscopy is 0.00012 mol/L
References
1. (2014, August 14). Retrieved from www2.chemistry.msu.edu, n.d.
2. (2014, 8 14). Retrieved from http://www.innovateus.net/, n.d.
3 (2014, 8 14). Retrieved from
http://teaching.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/uvvisab3.htm< n.d.