Objective

To determine quinine in the isotonic water by using fluorescence in emission spectroscopy.

Introduction

The experiment objective to determine quinine contain in tonic water by using Fluorescence
Emission Spectroscopy, (FES) In order to measure the fluorence of sample, radiation was
emitted from xenon lamp and split after coming into contact with excitation monochromator.
One beam travel to a reference photomultiplier tube and the other passes through the sample, it is
bounced to the emission monochromater and the dispersion of radiation. In a spectrofluorometer,
instrument reading will vary greatly from day-to-day if left in corrected because of variances
among the instrument such as source intensity, transducer sensitivity, and the synchronization of
monochrometer. In order to negate these variances, three method are used in order to provide
correction. First establish the reproducible sensitivity level by testing a set of standard. The
second involves manually setting parameter for the emission spectra. Array-detector
spectrofluorometer are able to use CCD detector to measure the intensity of a sample for the
entire range of visible wavelength by measuring the entire emission spectra at a single excitation
wavelength. This to determine the calibration factor, and a resulting correction factor is stored on
the compute to correct subsequent spectra atomically. The third involves finding the limit of
detection which is basically blanking the blamnk.it involves taking many trials of the blank in
order to find the lowest value the instrument can read.
Apparatus

1. Brown bottle
2. Volumetric flask
3. Measuring pipette
4. Burette
5. Beaker
6. Glass rod
7. Measuring cylinder

Chemical

1. H2SO4
2. Deionized water
3. Sulfate dehydrate
Procedures:

Standard Preparation

I. 100mg/L quinine stock solution has been prepared by combining 10 mg quinine and 5ml
of 1M H2SO4 in a 100 ml volumetric flask.
II. 500 ml of 0.05 M H2SO4 was prepared from the stock solution of 18M H2SO4
III. 10ppm standard has been prepared by diluting solution the 100ppm standard with 0.05M
H2SO4
IV. 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 ppm quinine calibration standard was prepared by diluting
the 10ppm stock solution with 0.05M H2SO4using 10ml volumetric flask.
V. Total volume of each standard is 25ml

Sample Preparation

I. 0.5ml of Drive energy drink was diluted with 0.05M H2SO4 into the 25 volumetric flask.
And analysis it by using FES

Data and result

II. student Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 average

Rahimi 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.0177

latif 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.0186

asma 0.017 0.018 0.015 0.0167

iffa 0.020 0.019 0.018 0.019

Discussion

The experiment have done by using FES instrument. The purpose of the experiment to determine
the quinine contain in tonic water. Base on the experiment, the concentration of the Drive sample
has been determine. The determination of concentration of sample is done 3 time which is
sample 1 is 0.020, sample 2 is 0.018 and sample 3 is 0.018 ppm. The standard was prepared
depend on different concentration to get the calibration curve. By using M1V1=M2V2 can
determine the volume to prepared the standard. From the other result with another student the
average concentration of samples is about 0.0177, 0.018, 0.0167 and 0.019 so the experiment
look like successful done because the precise result each other.

In this experiment have several precaution should avoid to prevent mistake when doing
the experiment such as when to prepare the standard solution or sample preparation should
prepare in the dark room to prevent the solution contaminate and other the standard and the
sample must store in the dark bottle or any bottle the light cant pass through the bottle. In other
the any precaution should avoid is clean any apparatus before doing the experiment to prevent
any chemical contain in the apparatus that can disturb when to prepare standard and solution. In
other should sonnicate the sample to remove the gas contain in the sample and in addition should
prevent parallax error and zero error .Parallax error is an error in reading an instrument due to the
eye of the observer and pointer are not in line perpendicular to the plane of the scale, and zero
error is error arises when the measuring instrument does not start from exactly zero.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, the concentration of the quinine in the Drive energy drink sample is 0.0186
References
(2014, august 14). Retrieved from Skoog, D. A.; Holler, F. J.; Crouch, S. R.; Instrumental Analysis, India
Edition.

(2014, august 14). Retrieved from I. Seton Hall University. Fluorescence Detectors.
<http://hplc.chem.shu.edu/NEW/HPLC_Book/