9.nuclear and Particle Physics - NET-JRF - June 2011-June 2017

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
NET/JRF (JUNE-2011)
Q1. The radius of a 64

29 Cu nucleus is measured to be 4.8  10-13 cm.
(A). The radius of a 27
12 Mg nucleus can be estimated to be
(a) 2.86  10-13 cm (b) 5.2 10-13 cm (c) 3.6 10-13 cm (d) 8.6 10-13 cm
Ans: (c)
1/ 3
RMg  AMg 
1/ 3
 27 
Solution: Since R  R0  A      
1/ 3
RCu  ACu   64 
RMg 3 3
  RMg   4.8  10 13  3.6  10 13 cm.

RCu 4 4
(B). The root-mean-square (r.m.s) energy of a nucleon in a nucleus of atomic number A
in its ground state varies as:
(a) A4 / 3 (b) A1 / 3 (c) A1/ 3 (d) A2 / 3
Ans: (c)
Q2. A beam of pions (π+) is incident on a proton target, giving rise to the process
  p  n  
(A). Assuming that the decay proceeds through strong interactions, the total isospin I and
its third component I3 for the decay products, are
3 3 5 5
(a) I  , I 3  (b) I  , I 3 
2 2 2 2
5 3 1 1
(c) I  , I 3  (d) I  , I 3  
2 2 2 2
Ans: (c)
1 5 1 3
Solution:    p  n       ; I : 1 1  , I3 :  11 
2 2 2 2
(B). Using isospin symmetry, the cross-section for the above process can be related to
that of the process
(a)  n  p  (b)  p  n  
     
(c)  n  p  (d)  p  n 
     
Ans: (c)
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NET/JRF (DEC-2011)
Q3. According to the shell model the spin and parity of the two nuclei 125
51 Sb and 89
38 Sr are,
respectively,
   
5 5 5 7
(a)   and   (b)   and  
2 2 2 2
   
7 5 7 7
(c)   and   (d)   and  
2 2 2 2
Ans: (d)
Solution: 125
51 Sb ; Z  51 and N  74
Z  51
 s1/ 2   p3/ 2   p1/ 2   d5 / 2   s1/ 2   d3/ 2   f 7 / 2   p3/ 2   f5 / 2   p1/ 2   g9 / 2   g7 / 2 

2 4 2 6 2 4 8 4 6 2 10 1

7 7
 j  and l  4 . Thus spin and parity   
2 2
89
38 Sr ; Z  38 and N  51
N  51:
 s1/ 2   p3/ 2   p1/ 2   d5 / 2   s1/ 2   d3/ 2   f 7 / 2   p3/ 2   f5 / 2   p1/ 2   g9 / 2   g 7 / 2 

2 4 2 6 2 4 8 4 6 2 10 1

7 7
 j and l  4 . Thus spin and parity   
2 2
Q4. The difference in the Coulomb energy between the mirror nuclei 49
24 Cr and 49
25 Mn is
6.0 MeV . Assuming that the nuclei have a spherically symmetric charge distribution and
that e2 is approximately 1.0 MeV-fm, the radius of the 49

25 Mn nucleus is
(a) 4.9  10-13 m (b) 4.9  10-15 m

(c) 5.1  10-13 m (d) 5.1  10-15 m
3  1  10 15
Ans: (b) R
3e 2
5  W
Z1  Z 2  
2 2
5 6
25 2  24 2   4.9  10 15 m .
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2012)
1
Q5. The ground state of 12 Pb nucleus has spin-parity J  , while the first excited state
207 p
2
5
has J  p
.The electromagnetic radiation emitted when the nucleus makes a transition
2
from the first excited state to ground state are
(a) E2 and E3 (b) M2 or E3 (c) E2 or M3 (d) M2 or M3
Ans: (c)
Solution: No parity change; J  2,3
For El type,    1 , (for no parity change l  2 )

l
For M l type,    1 , (for no parity change l  3 )

l 1
J  2 , No parity change  E 2 ; J  3 , No parity change  M 3

Q6. The dominant interactions underlying the following processes
A. K   p      , B.       K   K  , C.    p   0 are
(a) A: strong, B: electromagnetic and; C: weak

(b) A: strong, B: weak and; C: weak
(c) A: weak, B: electromagnetic and; C: strong
(d) A: weak, B: electromagnetic and; C: weak
Ans: (a)
(A) K   p      (Strong interaction)
1 1
I 3 :    1  1 (Conserved)
2 2
(B)       K   K  (Electromagnetic interaction)
(C)    p   0 (Weak interaction)

1
I3 :1  0 (Not conserved)
2
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NET/JRF (JUNE-2013)
Q7. The binding energy of a light nucleus Z , A in MeV is given by the approximate formula
B A, Z   16 A  20 A 2/3 3
 Z 2 A 1 / 3  30
N  Z  2
4 A
where N  A  Z is the neutron number. The value of Z of the most stable isobar for a
given A is
1 1 1
A A2 / 3  A A A2 / 3  A A4 / 3 
(a) 1   (b) (c) 1   (d) 1  
2 160  2 2 120  2 64 
Ans: (a)
1
B A A2 / 3 
Solution:  0  Z   1  
Z Z Z  2 160 
Q8. A spin-1/2 particle A undergoes the delay A  B  C  D , where it is known

that B and C are also spin-1/2 particles. The complete set of allowed values of the spin of
the particle D is
1 3 5 1 1 3 5 7
(a) ,1, , 2, , 3, ... (b) 0, 1 (c) only (d) , , , ,....
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Ans: (c)
Solution: Spin of the left side and combined spin of the products must be same to conserve the
spin angular momentum conservation law.
Q9. Muons are produced through the annihilation of particle a and its anti-particle, namely
the process a  a       . A muon has a rest mass of 105 MeV/c2 and its proper life
time is 2 s . If the center of mass energy of the collision is 2.1 GeV in the laboratory
frame that coincides with the center-of-mass frame, then the fraction of muons that will
decay before they reach a detector placed 6 km away from the interaction point is
(a) e 1 (b) 1  e 1 (c) 1  e 2 (d) e 10
Ans: (b)
t
 t N  2.1
Solution: N  N 0 e   e t  e  , where   2  10 6 s ,    10 3  20 and
N0 105
6  10 3
1
5 t 1 N 
t  2  10 sec . Thus    e 2
 1  e 1 .
3  10 8
 2 N0
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2013)
A
Q10. The intrinsic electric dipole moment of a nucleus Z X
(a) increases with Z , but independent of A
(b) decreases with Z , but independent of A
(c) is always zero
(d) increases with Z and A
Ans: (d)
Q11. According to the shell model, the total angular momentum (in units of  ) and the parity
of the ground state of the 37 Li nucleus is
3 3
(a) with negative parity (b) with positive parity
2 2
1 7
(c) with positive parity (d) with negative parity
2 2
Ans: (a)
Solution: Z  3, N  4
For odd Z  3; s12/ 2  p31 / 2   j  3 / 2, l  1 and parity   11  1 .
NET/JRF (JUNE-2014)
Q12. The recently-discovered Higgs boson at the LHC experiment has a decay mode into a
photon and a Z boson. If the rest masses of the Higgs and Z boson are 125 GeV/c 2 and
90 GeV/c 2 respectively, and the decaying Higgs particle is at rest, the energy of the
photon will approximately be
(a) 35 3 GeV (b) 35 GeV (c) 30 GeV (d) 15 GeV
Ans: (c)
Solution: Assume H is symbol of Higgs boson, H  Z 
E H2  E Z2 1252  902
E    30GeV
2EH 2  125
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Q13. In a classical model, a scalar (spin-0) meson consists of a quark and an antiquark bound
b
by a potential V r   ar  , where a  200 MeV fm -1 and b  100 MeV fm . If the
r
masses of the quark and antiquark are negligible, the mass of the meson can be estimated
as approximately
(a) 141 MeV/c 2 (b) 283 MeV/c 2 (c) 353 MeV/c 2 (d) 425 MeV/c 2
Ans: (b)
Solution: At equilibrium separation the potential is minimum, thus the equilibrium separation
can be determined as
dV  r  b b 100MeVfm 1
a  0  r0   1
 fm
dr r  r0
r02
a 200MeVfm 2
The equilibrium separation between particles is also estimated by uncertainty principle


r0  ct  r0  c ( where, Et  )
E
Where, c is the velocity of the virtual meson
 200 MeV . fm
r0  c 
E E MeV 
200MeV . fm 1
Using above two relation  fm
E MeV  2
E  200 2  283MeV  E  m  c 2
E
the mass of the meson m   283MeV / c 2
c 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2014)
Q14. Consider the four processes
(i) p   n  e   ve (ii) 0  p   e   v e
(iii)    e   ve (iv)  0    
which of the above is/are forbidden for free particles?
(a) only (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii)
Ans: (d)
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Solution: (i) p  n  e  e [Not allowed]
 
It violate energy conservation. The mass of proton is less than mass of neutron. Free
proton is stable and can not decay to neutron. Proton can decay to neutron only inside the
nucleus, where energy violation is taken care by Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
(ii)  0  p   e   e [Not allowed]. In this decay charge is not conserved
(iii)    e   e [allowed through Weak interaction]
(iv)  0     [allowed through Electromagnetic interaction]

Q15. In deep inelastic scattering electrons are scattered off protons to determine if a proton has
any internal structure. The energy of the electron for this must be at least
(a) 1.25  10 9 eV (b) 1.25  1012 eV (c) 1.25  10 6 eV (d) 1.25  10 8 eV
Ans: (b)
Solution: The internal structure of proton can only be determined if the wavelength of the
incoming electron is nearly equal to the size of the proton
i.e.   R  1.2 A1/ 3  fm   1.2 fm  1.2  1015 m
h h
According to de-Broglie relation,   
p 2mE
 0 150
This can be also written as    
  E  eV 
150 150
 E  eV     1.04  1012  E  1.04 1012 eV
1.2  10 
2 5 2
  0
    
 
The bet suitable answer is option (b).
Q16. If the binding energy B of a nucleus (mass number A and charge Z ) is given by
 2Z  A
2
aC Z 2
B  aV A  aS A 2/3
 asym  1/ 3
A A
where aV  16 MeV , a S  16 MeV , a sym  24 MeV and aC  0.75 MeV , then for the most
stable isobar for a nucleus with A  216 is

(a) 68 (b) 72 (c) 84 (d) 92
Ans: (c)
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dB 2  2Z  A   2 2aC Z
Solution: For the most stable isobar for a nucleus  0  asym  1/ 3  0
dZ A A
2  2Z  216   2 2Z 4  2Z  216  3 2Z
 24  0.75 0   0
 216 
1/ 3
216 9 4 6
4  2Z  216  Z
   0  16  2 Z  216   9 Z  0  41Z  216  16  Z  82.3
9 4
NET/JRF (JUNE-2015)
Q17. The reaction 2
1 D 12 D 42 He   0 cannot proceed via strong interactions because it
violates the conservation of
(a) angular momentum (b) electric charge
(c) baryon number (d) isospin
Ans. (d)
Solution: 1 D 2  1 D 2  2 He 4   0 (Not conserved)
I: 0 0  0 1
This isopin is not conserved in above reaction.
Q18. Let us approximate the nuclear potential in the shell model by a three dimensional
isotropic harmonic oscillator. Since the lowest two energy levels have angular momenta
l  0 and l  1 respectively, which of the following two nuclei have magic numbers of
protons and neutrons?
(a) 42 He and 16
8 O (b) 12 D and 84 Be (c) 42 He and 84 Be (d) 42 He and 12
6 C
Ans. (a)
Solution: 2 He 4 has Z  2, N  2
and 8 O16 has Z  8, N  8 magic numbers  2,8, 20, 28,50,82,126 
Q19. The charm quark S assigned a charm quantum number C  1 . How should the
Gellmann-Nishijima formula for electric charge be modified for four flavors of quarks?
1 1
(a) I 3  B  S C (b) I 3  B  S  C
2 2
1 1
(c) I 3  B  S C (d) I 3  B  S  C
2 2
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Ans. (d)
1
Solution: From Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula Q  I 3  B  S
2
1
For Quark it is generalized as Q  I 3  B  S  C
2
NET/JRF (DEC-2015)
Q20. Consider the following processes involving free particles
(i) n  p  e   ve (ii) p  n   
(iii) p  n      0   0 (iv) p  ve  n  e 
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Process (i) obeys all conservation laws
(b) Process (ii) conserves baryon number, but violates energy-momentum conservation
(c) process (iii) is not allowed by strong interaction but is allowed by weak interactions
(d) Process (iv) conserves baryon number, but violates lepton number conservation
Ans.: (b)
Solution: (i) n  p  e   ve
q 0 1 1 0 (conserved)
1 1 1 1
spin     (not conserved)
2 2 2 2
Le 0 0  1  1 (not conserved)
(ii) Baryon number is conserved but energy and momentum conservation violated.
(iii) spin is not conserved
(iv) obeys all conservation laws.
Q21. Of the nuclei of mass number A  125 , the binding energy calculated from the liquid
drop model (given that the coefficients for the Coulomb and the asymmetry energy are
ac  0.7 MeV and asym  22.5 MeV respectively) is a maximum for
(a) 125
54 Xe (b) 124
53 I (c) 125
52 Te (d) 125
51 Sb
Ans.: (c)
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4  22.5 125  0.7  53 
2/3
4aa  ac A1/ 3 4aa A  ac A2 / 3
Solution: Z 0    Z0 
2ac A1/ 3  8aa A1 8aa  2ac A2 / 3 8  22.5  2  0.7  53 
2/3
11250  17.5 11267.5

 Z0    52.4  Z 0  52
180  35 215
NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)
Q22. A radioactive element X decays to Y , which in turn decays to a stable element Z . The
decay constant from X to Y is 1 , and that from Y to Z is 2 . If, to begin with, there are
1 1
only N 0 atoms of X , at short times ( t  as well as ) the number of atoms of Z
1 2
will be
1 12
(a) 12 N 0t 2 (b) N 0t
2 2  1  2 
(c)  1  2  N 0t 2 (d)  1  2  N 0t
2
Ans: (a)
1 2
X   Y  Z
Solution: t  0 N0 0 0
t N1 N2 N3
dN dN
Rate equations N1  N 0 e  1t , 2  1 N1  2 N 2 , 3  2 N 2
dt dt
  e 2t  e  1 t 
N 3  N 0 1  1  2 
  2  1   2  1  
 1  22t 2  2  12t 2  
 N 0 1   1   t     1   t  
  2  1   2   2  1  
2 1
2  
 1  t 1 22t 2 2 2 1t 2 12t 2 
 N 0 1   1 2     
  2  1   2  1   2  1  2  2  1   2  1   2  1  2 
 1  2t 2 2  2t 2    t 2   1  1
 N0   2   1   1 2 N0  2    12 N 0t
2
  2 1 
   2  2 1
   2  2  
 2 1 2  1 2
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Q23. In the large hadron collider  LHC  , two equal energy proton beams traverse in opposite
directions along a circular path of length 27 km . If the total centre of mass energy of a
proton-proton pair is 14 TeV , which of the following is the best approximation for the
proper time taken by a proton to traverse the entire path?
(a) 12 ns (b) 1.2  s (c) 1.2 ns (d) 0.12  s
Ans: (a)
Solution: The proton travel at nearly speed of light in LHC , therefore
d 27 103
t   9 105 sec
c 3 108
v2 t
Since, proton is relativistic, t0  t 1  2 
c 
1 m0 c 2 938 MeV 938  106 eV
 E   m0 c 2      1.34 104
 E 7 TeV 7 1012 eV
t
Thus, t0   9  105  1.34 104  1.2 108 sec  12 ns

Q24. Let ES denotes the contribution of the surface energy per nucleon in the liquid drop
model. The ratio ES  27

13 
Al : ES  64
30 
Zn is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 3 : 2

Ans: (b)
2 1 1
E  Al   27  3  64  3 4
1 
B A3 
Solution: ES   A3 S   
A A ES  Z n  1 1
 64  3  27  3 3

Q25. According to the shell model, the nuclear magnetic moment of the 27
13 Al nucleus is (Given
that for a proton gl  1, g s  5.586 , and for a neutron gl  0, g s  3.826 )
(a) 1.913  N (b) 14.414  N (c) 4.793  N (d) 0

Ans: (c)
5
Solution: 13 Al 27 : Z  13, N  14 for Z  13, S1/2 2 , P3/4 2 , P1/22 , d55/ 2  j  , l  2
2
 2 j  1  g S   N   2   1  5.586  N    4.793  N
1 1 5
Magnetic moment,  
2 2 2 
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NET/JRF (DEC-2016)
Q26. What should be the minimum energy of a photon for it to split an  -particle at rest into a
tritium and a proton?
(The masses of 4
2 He, 13 H and 1
1 H are 4.0026 amu,3.0161 amu and 1.0073 amu
respectively, and 1 amu  938 MeV )

(a) 32.2 MeV (b) 3MeV (c) 19.3 MeV (d) 931.5 MeV
Ans. : (c)
Solution: From conservation of energy
E  m c 2  m1H 3 c 2  m1H 1 c 2
or E   m1H 3  m1H 1  m   938 MeV  19.5 MeV
Q27. Which of the following reaction(s) is/are allowed by the conservation laws?
(i)    n   0  K 
(ii)    p   0  K 0
(a) both (i) and (ii) (b) only (i)
(c) only (ii) (d) neither (i) nor (ii)
Ans. : (a)
Solution: (i)    n   0  K 
q :1  0  0  1
B : 0 1  1 0
S : 0  0  1  1
Reaction is allowed
(ii)    p   0  K 0
q : 1  1  0  0
B : 0 1  1 0
S : 0  0  1  1
Reaction is allowed
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Q28. A particle, which is a composite state of three quarks u , d and s , has electric charge,
spin and strangeness respectively, equal to
1 1 1
(a) 1, , 1 (b) 0, 0, 1 (c) 0, , 1 (d) 1,   1
2 2 2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: charge, spin and strangers of Quarks u , d & s are given as
U D S Total
Charge 2 1 1 0
3 3 3
Spin 1 1 1 1 3
or
2 2 2 2 2
Strangeness 0 0 1 1
If a particle x is a composite of u, d & s , then net charge, spin and strangeness on x is
net charge  0
1 3
net spin  or and net strangeness  1
2 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2017)
Q29. If in a spontaneous  - decay of 232
92 U at rest, the total energy released in the reaction is
Q , then the energy carried by the  - particle is

(a) 57Q / 58 (b) Q / 57 (c) Q / 58 (d) 23Q / 58
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Energy carried by the   particle is
 A4 228 57
KE   Q  Q Q
 A  232 58
Q30. The range of the nuclear force between two nucleons due to the exchange of pions is
1.40 fm . If the mass of pion is 140 MeV / c 2 and the mass of the rho-meson is
770 MeV / c 2 , then the range of the force due to exchange of rho-mesons is
(a) 1.40 fm (b) 7.70 fm (c) 0.25 fm (d) 0.18 fm
Ans. : (c)
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c
Solution: Range for nuclear force between nucleon will be R  ct  and c  199MeVfm
mc 2
199 MeVfm
R  0.25 fm
MeV 2
770 2  c
c
Q31. A baryon X decays by strong interaction as X         0 , where   is a member
of the isotriplet    ,  0 ,    . The third component I 3 of the isospin of X is
(a) 0 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 1 (d) 3 / 2

Ans. : (a)
Solution: X        0
I 3 :1
1 0
 I 3 for X is 0 .
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9.nuclear and Particle Physics - NET-JRF - June 2011-June 2017

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fiziks

Q1. The radius of a 64

 s1/ 2   p3/ 2   p1/ 2   d5 / 2   s1/ 2   d3/ 2   f 7 / 2   p3/ 2   f5 / 2   p1/ 2   g9 / 2   g7 / 2 

 s1/ 2   p3/ 2   p1/ 2   d5 / 2   s1/ 2   d3/ 2   f 7 / 2   p3/ 2   f5 / 2   p1/ 2   g9 / 2   g 7 / 2 

that e2 is approximately 1.0 MeV-fm, the radius of the 49

(a) 4.9  10-13 m (b) 4.9  10-15 m

For El type,    1 , (for no parity change l  2 )

For M l type,    1 , (for no parity change l  3 )

J  2 , No parity change  E 2 ; J  3 , No parity change  M 3

(a) A: strong, B: electromagnetic and; C: weak

(C)    p   0 (Weak interaction)

Q8. A spin-1/2 particle A undergoes the delay A  B  C  D , where it is known

For odd Z  3; s12/ 2  p31 / 2   j  3 / 2, l  1 and parity   11  1 .

The equilibrium separation between particles is also estimated by uncertainty principle

(iii)    e   e [allowed through Weak interaction]

(iv)  0     [allowed through Electromagnetic interaction]

stable isobar for a nucleus with A  216 is

and 8 O16 has Z  8, N  8 magic numbers  2,8, 20, 28,50,82,126 

11250  17.5 11267.5

model. The ratio ES  27

(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 3 : 2

that for a proton gl  1, g s  5.586 , and for a neutron gl  0, g s  3.826 )

(a) 1.913  N (b) 14.414  N (c) 4.793  N (d) 0

respectively, and 1 amu  938 MeV )

or E   m1H 3  m1H 1  m   938 MeV  19.5 MeV

Q , then the energy carried by the  - particle is

(a) 0 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 1 (d) 3 / 2

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