12/22/2017 Pendawaian Elektrik: Elektrik dan Pembumian

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P E N D AWA I A N
ELEKTRIK
B L O G I N I H A N YA S E B A G A I R U J U K A N U N T U K D I K O N G S I D A N
B E R K A I TA N D E N G A N E L E K T R I K D A N P E N D AWA I A N
TERMASUKLAH PEMASANGAN DOMESTIK DAN INDUSTRI.

T H U R S D A Y, A U G U S T 2 0 , 2 0 0 9 PEMBACA

Elektrik dan Pembumian 167794

MY ELECTRICAL POWER
I N F O R M AT I O N S I T E

Mohammad Ismail | Create Your Badge

EARTHING

KANDUNGAN BLOG
1.0 Introduction
▼ 2009 (5)
As required by various authority such as Jabatan Bekalan Elektrik & August (5)
Gas Malaysia, which is now known as Suruhanjaya Tenaga, MSIEC and
TNB, it is essential to ascertain the earthing arrangement at the ► 2011 (1)
source of supply of an installation and the type of path intended for
earth fault current to flow in order to select the appropriate
protective measures to be used for the protection against electric KEPUASAN PEMBACA
shock. A D A L A H K E U TA M A A N
KAMI
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2.0 Classification of Earthing System

The earthing system is classified with the following letter

designations:

Supply authority or supply source earthing arrangements are

indicated by the first letter:

T : One or more points of supply are directly connected to earth

FOLLOWERS

I : Supply system not earth, or one point earth through a fault Followers (12)

limiting impedance

Relationship of exposed conductive parts to earth are indicated by

the second letter

T : Exposed conductive parts connected directly to earth and which is

independent of the supply earth Follow

N : Exposed conductive parts connected directly to the earth point of

the source of the electrical supply KOMEN DAN MAKLUM
BALAS
Arrangement of neutral and protective conductors in T-N System is
Komen dan maklum balas boleh
indicated by a third letter
dibuat dibawah setiap artikal dengan
menghantar e-mail anda ataupun di
S : Separate neutral and protective conductors
post comment.

C : Neutral and protective conductors combined in a single conductor

B I O D ATA P E N U L I S
Thus the types of system are:
MOHAMMAD ISMAIL

TN – C Thanks for your

TN – S support. TIPS ON
TN – C – S HOW TO MAKE
TT OTHERS HAPPY There are times when
IT even a small or simple act of a
praise, a warm smile, friendly hug, a
pat on the back, a firm handshake or
The earthing system that are commonly used by consumer here in by just telling them of your trust and
Malaysia are as follows: belief in them is enough to make
them happy. Give yourself freely.
a. TT system is used by consumers connected to TNB supply by When you live for others and for
overhead lines service. greater good, you will feel blessed
b. Combination of TT and TN–S system are used when supply is and happy in return.
connected by underground cable. This practice is used when VIEW MY COMPLETE PROF ILE
consumer is unable to provide earthing resistance of adequate value.
The normal indemnity clause will be include in the supply contract.
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TA H U K A H A N D A ?

The importance of earthing lies in the fact that it deals with safety.
Earthing requirements for electrical system are well define in
ELECTRICAL REGULATIONS, 1994. The system earthing is the
responsibility of TNB but the consumer is responsible for the earthing
of his installation.

The important of earthing are:

1. In power systems it helps to maintain the voltage of any part of

the network at a definite potential with respect to earth.
2. And it allows enough current to flow fast enough under earth fault
Thomas Edison yang mencipta lampu
conditions to operate the protective devices installed in the circuits.
seorang yang pekak dan mencipta
3. Preventing exposed conductive parts of the equipment from rising
peti muzik.
in potential for a period sufficient to cause danger from
electrocution.
LINK LIST
For normal installation practice, earthing is to connect together the
exposed conductive parts of various items of the equipment and to a Iklan Malaysia - buy and sell ads
common terminal (main earthing terminal) : this in turn is connected Mudah.my - Malaysia buy and sell ads
by the earthing conductor to an earth electrode, buried in the mass Harian Metro online
of earth. The earth installation must be capable of carrying the Utusan Malaysia online
prospective fault currents without danger and without excessive Majlis Amanah Rakyat Malaysia
heat. It must have low resistance at all times with good resistance to Maybank2u online
corrosion.

The most important part of the earthing system is the electrodes. I K L A N A L AT J I M AT

Earth electrodes are made from a number of materials like cast iron, ELEKTRIK
steel, copper or stainless steel, and they may be in the from of
plates, tubes , rods or strips.

The most favored material is copper. It has good conductivity, is

corrosion resistance to many of the salts that exist in the soil and it is
a material that easily worked.

The earth resistance depends on soil resistivity and characteristics. Teknologi Power Saver - email untuk
The types of soil suitable for earth electrode are: - pertanyaan lanjut.

Wet marshy ground

Clay, loam soil, arable land I K L A N A L AT J I M AT
Clayey soil, loam mixed with small quantity of sand ELEKTRIK
Damp and wet sand

The site should not be well drained and without flowing water which
will wash away the salt in the soil.

Achieving a good earth will depend on local soil condition. Three

factors that affect the soil resistivity are:-
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Moisture content of the soil

Chemical composition of the soil

2.1 Temperature Of The Soil

In area of high soil resistivity, it is difficult to obtain an earth

resistance of, say one ohm or less. Several options are available in
the form of soil conditioning agents. e.g. copper sulphate, sodium
carbonate, bentonite and marconite. Mengurangkan sehingga 35% bil anda.

The key to arriving at a successful earthing electrode system is not to

IKLAN BEG DEUTER
sacrifice quality for cost. Many products currently on the market fall
far short of the recommended standards. The redraft of CP 1013,
when available, will contain recommendations for materials
specification to ensure components are corrosive resistance and
provide adequate mechanical strength.

3.0 Earth Electrodes ( 542–10 to 15 )

These consist of some form of deeply buried conductor since the

major earth resistance lies on the top soil.

Buried copper or galvanized earth plates have largely given place to Deuter waterbag 2 liter. New design.
threaded copper-clad steel-cored rods. Penetration is by hammer
blows, the threading permitting the linking of successive lengths.
IKLAN BEG DEUTER
The following items are recognized by the IEE regulations as suitable
earth electrodes.

Earth roots or pipes

Earth tapes or wires
Earth plates
Earth electrodes embedded in foundation
Metallic reinforcement of concrete structures
Metal pipes
Lead sheaths or other metallic coverings of cables

Deuter backpack 45Liter. New

4.0 Earth Electrodes for Area of Rocky – Soil Structure design. ( klik disini )

In area where there is rock at or near to the surface of the soil,

copper tape, stranded conductors or wire mesh electrodes may be
used.

These types of electrodes should be buried to a depth of not less than

457 mm to minimize the risk of their becoming damaged and to
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protect them from climatic conditions such as frost.

5. Methods of Installing Tapes or Stranded Conductors

Copper tapes and stranded conductors can be arranged in single

lengths, or as parallel or radial groups. The usual size of copper tape
is 25 mm wide by 3 mm thick.

6. Earth Rods

Earth rods are used where low prospective fault currents exist and
the soil resistivity high.

7. Method of Installing Earth Rods

Earth rods are driven completely below ground using hand – held
hammer or power hammer.

They are set out at a distance of not LESS than their own length apart
( CP 1013 1965 )

8. Inspection Covers

Constructed of concrete with a galvanised steel lifting handle. The

underside is recessed to enclose and protect the electrode
connection

Standard parthway covers with cast iron frames with a concrete

filling may also be used

Glazed earthenware and fibre glass covers are also available

9. Termination To Earth Electrodes

The connections of earthing conductors to electrodes require

adequate insulation where they enter the ground, to avoid possible
dangerous voltage gradient at the surface. All electrode connections
must be thoroughly protected against corrosion and mechanical
failure.

It is important that the electrode is made accessible for inspection

purpose, and a label should be fitted at or near the point of
connection.

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POSTED BY MOHAMMAD ISMAIL AT 10:03 AM
REACTIONS:  interesting to read (3)

LABELS: PEMBUMIAN ELEKTRIK

2 COMMENTS:

Venessa March 4, 2016 at 3:41 AM

alum powder online 
Reply

Anonymous August 24, 2016 at 9:10 AM

i need help. my floor in my bedroom sometimes have leakage
which everyone dont know from where. it happened
sometimes when touching my bed or iron table. I have check
and doing new earthing system but the problem still exist.
Reply

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