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Class: 06
Algebra
Chapter: 11
Exercise: 11.1
Q.1) Find the rule which gives the number of matchsticks required to make the following
matchstick patterns. Use a variable to write the rule.
m
(c)A pattern of letter U as
co
(d)A pattern of letter V as
y.
da
(e)A pattern of letter E as
to
es
We see that 2 matchsticks are required for making one letter T. So,
For 𝑛 = 1, the number of matchsticks required is 2 × 1 = 2. [T]
For 𝑛 = 2, the number of matchsticks required is 2 × 2 = 4. [TT]
For 𝑛 = 3, the number of matchsticks required is 2 × 3 = 6. [TTT] …
For 𝑛 number of T’s, the number of matchsticks requires is = 2 × 𝑛 = 2𝑛
We see that 3 matchsticks are required for making one letter Z. So,
For 𝑛 = 1, the number of matchsticks required is 3 × 1 = 3. [Z]
For 𝑛 = 2, the number of matchsticks required is 3 × 2 = 6. [ZZ]
For 𝑛 = 3, the number of matchsticks required is 3 × 3 = 9. [ZZZ]…
For 𝑛 number of Z’s, the number of matchsticks requires is = 3 × 𝑛 = 3𝑛
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We see that 2 matchsticks are required for making one letter V. So,
For 𝑛 = 1, the number of matchsticks required is 2 × 1 = 2. [V]
m
For 𝑛 = 2, the number of matchsticks required is 2 × 2 = 4. [VV]
For 𝑛 = 3, the number of matchsticks required is 2 × 3 = 6. [VVV] …
co
For 𝑛 number of V’s, the number of matchsticks requires is = 2 × 𝑛 = 2𝑛
y.
e) Let us write the letter n for the number of E’s.
da
If one E is made, 𝑛 = 1; if two E’s are made, 𝑛 = 2 and so on;
thus, 𝑛 can be any natural number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 …
to
We see that 5 matchsticks are required for making one letter E. So,
es
We see that 5 matchsticks are required for making one letter S. So,
w
We see that 6 matchsticks are required for making one letter A. So,
For 𝑛 = 1, the number of matchsticks required is 6 × 1 = 6. [A]
For 𝑛 = 2, the number of matchsticks required is 6 × 2 = 12. [AA]
For 𝑛 = 3, the number of matchsticks required is 6 × 3 = 18. [AAA] …
For 𝑛 number of A’s, the number of matchsticks requires is = 6 × 𝑛 = 6𝑛
Q.2) We already know the rule for the pattern of letters L, C and F. Some of the letters from
Q.1 (given above) give us the same rule as that given by L. Which are these? Why does
this happen?
Sol.2) (a) And (d), that is, letters T and V have the same pattern rule as for letters L, C and F as
the number of matchsticks required to make the letter is 2.
Q.3) Cadets are marching in a parade. There are 5 cadets in a row. What is the rule which
gives? The number of cadets, given the number of rows? (Use 𝑛 for the number of rows.)
Sol.3) Number of rows = 𝑛
𝑛 is a variable that can take any value 1, 2, 3, 4, …
m
Sol.4) Number of boxes is given by the variable 𝑏.
co
Number of mangoes in one box = 50
So, total number of mangoes is given by the rule = 50 × number of boxes
Q.5) y. = 50𝑏
The teacher distributes 5 pencils per student. Can you tell how many pencils are needed
da
given the number of students? (Use 𝑠 for the number of students.)
Sol.5) Number of students is given by the variable 𝑠.
to
= 5𝑠
Q.6) A bird flies 1 kilometre in one minute. Can you express the distance covered by the bird
di
in, terms of its flying time in minutes? (Use 𝑡 for flying time in minutes.)
tu
Distance covered by the bird in minutes is given by the rule = distance covered in 1 min
w
Q.7) Radha is drawing a dot Rangoli (a beautiful pattern of lines joining dots) with chalk powder.
She has 9 dots in a row. How many dots will her Rangoli have for r rows? How many dots
w
Total number of dots in 8 rows = number of dots in one row × number of rows
= 9 × 8 = 72
Total number of dots in 10 rows = number of dots in one row × number of rows
= 9 × 10 = 90
Q.8) Leela is Radha's younger sister. Leela is 4 years younger than Radha. Can you write
Leela's age in terms of Radha's age? Take Radha's age to be 𝑥 years.
Sol.8) Radha's age = 𝑥 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
Leela is 4 years younger than Radha, i.e. Radha’s age – 4
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m
= 2𝑥 + 10
Q.11) (a) Look at the following matchstick pattern of squares (Fig 11.6). The squares are not
co
separate. Two neighbouring squares have a common matchstick. Observe the patterns
and find the rule that gives the number of matchsticks in terms of the number of
squares.
y.
da
to
es
(b) Fig 11.7 gives a matchstick pattern of triangles. As in Exercise 11 (a) above, find the
di
Sol.11)
w
1 square - 4 matchsticks – 3 × 1 + 1
2 squares - 7 matchsticks − 3 × 2 + 1
3 squares - 10 matchsticks − 3 × 3 + 1
4 squares - 13 matchsticks − 3 × 4 + 1
So, the pattern for 𝑛 number of squares is 1 more than 3 times the number of
squares, 𝑛, OR 3𝑛 + 1.
b) 1 triangle - 3 matchsticks – 2 × 1 + 1
2 triangles - 5 matchsticks − 2 × 2 + 1
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reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,
recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission.
3 triangles - 7 matchsticks − 2 × 3 + 1
4 triangles - 9 matchsticks −2 × 4 + 1
So the pattern for n number of triangles is 1 more than twice the number of triangles, 𝑛,
OR 2𝑛 + 1
Exercise: 11.2
Q.1) The side of an equilateral triangle is shown by 𝑙. express the perimeter of the equilateral
triangle using 𝑙.
Sol.1) An equilateral triangle has three equal sides, 𝑙 and its perimeter is the sum of the three
sides,
Length of side of equilateral triangle = 𝑙
Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙 = 3𝑙 .
Q.2) The side of a regular hexagon (fig: 11.10) is denoted by 𝑙. Express the perimeter of the
m
hexagon using 𝑙.
co
y.
da
Sol.2) Given, the each side of a regular hexagon = 𝑙
to
= 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑙 = 6𝑙
Q.3) A cube is a three-dimensional figure as shown in fig: 11.11. It has six faces and all of
them are identical squares. The length of an edge of the cube is given by l. Find the
di
m
Sol.1) Some expressions that can be formed using 5, 8 and 7 are given below.
co
5 – (8 + 7), 5 + (8 + 7), 5 × (8 + 7), 5 – (8 × 7), 5 + (8 × 7), 5 – (8 – 7) …
[Many such expressions can be formed using the numbers]
Q.2)
y.
Which out of the following are expressions with numbers only?
da
(a) 𝑦 + 3 (b) (7 × 20) – 8𝑧 (c) 5(21 – 7) + 7 × 2 (𝑑) 5
(e) 3𝑥 (f) 5 – 5𝑛 (g) (7 × 20) − (5 × 10) − 45 + 𝑝
Sol.2) Expression (c) and (d) are expressions with only numbers.
to
Q.3) Identify the operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication) in forming the
es
following expressions and tell how the expressions have been formed.
(a) 𝑧 + 1, 𝑧 – 1, 𝑦 + 17, 𝑦 – 17
di
𝑦
(b) 17𝑦, ,5𝑧
17
tu
(c) 2𝑦 + 17, 2 𝑦 – 17
.s
(d) 7 𝑚, – 7 𝑚 + 3, – 7 𝑚 – 3
Sol.3) a) 1 is added to 𝑧, 1 is subtracted from 𝑧, 17 is added to y and 17 is subtracted from y.
w
𝑝
c) 7 𝑝 d)
7
e) – 𝑚 – 7 f) −5𝑝
𝑝
g) – h) −5𝑝
5
Q.5) Give expressions in the following cases.
(a) 11 added to 2𝑚
(b) 11 subtracted from 2𝑚
(c) 5 times 𝑦 to which 3 is added
(d) 5 times 𝑦 from which 3 is subtracted
(e) 𝑦 is multiplied by – 8
(f) 𝑦 is multiplied by – 8 and then 5 is added to the result
(g) 𝑦 is multiplied by 5 and the result is subtracted from 16
(h) 𝑦 is multiplied by – 5 and the result is added to 16.
Sol.5) a) 11 + 2𝑚
b) 2𝑚 – 11
c) 5𝑦 + 3
m
d) 5𝑦 – 3
co
e) −8𝑦
f) −8𝑦 + 5
g) 16 – 5𝑦
h) −5𝑦 + 16 y.
da
Q.6) (a) Form expressions using 𝑡 and 4. Use not more than one number operation. Every
expression must have 𝑡 in it.
to
(b) Form expressions using 𝑦, 2 and 7. Every expression must have 𝑦 in it. Use only two
es
4 𝑡
tu
2𝑦 7
b) 2𝑦 + 7, 2𝑦 – 7, , , 2 + 7𝑦 …
7 2𝑦
.s
(b) The length of a rectangular hall is 4 meters less than 3 times the breadth of the hall.
What is the length, if the breadth is b meters?
(c) A rectangular box has height h cm. Its length is 5 times the height and breadth is 10 cm
less than the length. Express the length and the breadth of the box in terms of the height.
(d) Meena, Beena and Leena are climbing the steps to the hill top. Meena is at step s,
Beena is 8 steps ahead and Leena 7 steps behind. Where are Beena and Meena? The total
number of steps to the hill top is 10 less than 4 times what Meena has reached. Express
the total number of steps using 𝑠.
(e) A bus travels at v km per hour. It is going from Daspur to Beespur. After the bus has
travelled 5 hours, Beespur is still 20 km away. What is the distance from Daspur to
Beespur? Express it using 𝑣.
Sol.1) a)
i) Sarita’s present age is y years.
Her age 5 years from now will be her present age + 5 = 𝑦 + 5 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠.
ii) Her age 3 years back will be her present age – 3 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 𝑦 – 3 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
m
length of the hall = 4 meters less than 3 times the breadth = 3𝑏 – 4 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
co
c) height of the rectangular box = ℎ 𝑐𝑚
length = 5 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 the height = 5ℎ 𝑐𝑚
breadth = 10 𝑐𝑚 less than the length = 5ℎ – 10 𝑐𝑚y.
da
d) Step at which Meena is 𝑠
to
Q.2) Change the following statements using expressions into statements in ordinary 𝑠
language.
w
(For example, Given Salim scores 𝑟 runs in a cricket match, Nalin scores (r + 15) runs. In
ordinary language – Nalin scores 15 runs more than Salim.)
(a) A notebook costs 𝑅𝑠 𝑝. A book costs 𝑅𝑠 3 𝑝.
(b) Tony puts 𝑞 marbles on the table. He has 8 𝑞 marbles in his box.
(c) Our class has 𝑛 students. The school has 20 𝑛 students.
(d) Jaggu is 𝑧 years old. His uncle is 4 𝑧 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 old and his aunt is (4𝑧 – 3) 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑.
(e) In an arrangement of dots there are 𝑟 rows. Each row contains 5 𝑑𝑜𝑡𝑠.
Sol.2) a) The cost of a book is three times the cost of a notebook.
b) Tony has 8 times the number of marbles in his box than on the table.
d) Jaggu’s uncle is 4 times the age of Jaggu and his aunt is 3 less than 4 times the age of
Jaggu.
Q.3) (a) Given Munnu’s age to be 𝑥 years, can you guess what (𝑥 – 2) may show?
Can you guess what (𝑥 + 4) may show? What (3 𝑥 + 7) may show?
(b) Given Sara’s age today to be 𝑦 years. Think of her age in the future or in the past.
What will the following expression indicate?
1 1
𝑦 + 7, 𝑦 – 3, 𝑦 + 4 , 𝑦 – 2
2 2
𝑛
(c) Given n students in the class like football, what may 2𝑛 show? What may show?
2
Sol.3) a) If Munnu’s age is 𝑥 years, then (𝑥 – 2) may show the age is 2 years younger than
Munnu.
(𝑥 + 4) shows that the age is 4 years older than Munnu and 3𝑥 + 7 shows that the age
considered is 7 more than thrice the age of Munnu.
m
𝑦 + 7 represents her future age, i.e., her age after 7 years.
𝑦 – 3 represents her past age, i.e. her age 3 years ago.
co
1 1
𝑦 + 4 represents her future age, i.e her age after 4 years
2 2
1 1
𝑦 – 2 represents her past age, i.e. her age 2 years ago.
2 2
y.
da
c) 2n represents twice the number of students who like football.
𝑛
represents half the number of students who like football.
to
2
It may represent the number of students who like cricket, or basketball etc.
es
Exercise 11.5
di
Q.1) State which of the following are equations (with a variable). Give reason for your answer.
tu
2
d) (7 × 3) − 19 = 8 e) 5 × 4 − 8 = 2𝑥 f) (7 × 3) − 19 = 8
w
k) 20 + 5𝑦 l) < 5
2
m) 𝑧 + 12 > 24 n) 20 − (10 − 5) = 3 × 5 o) 7 − 𝑥 = 5
w
m
(o) p+3=1 p=0
(p) p+3=1 p=–1
co
(q) p+3=1 p=–2
Sol.2)
S. No. Equation Value of variable
y.
Calculation
Equation satisfied
Yes/No
da
LHS 10 × 10 = 100
(a) 10𝑦 = 80 𝑦 = 10 No
RHS 80
to
LHS 10 × 8 = 80
(b) 10𝑦 = 80 𝑦 = 8 Yes
RHS 80
es
LHS 10 × 5 = 50
(c) 10𝑦 = 80 𝑦 = 5 No
RHS 80
di
LHS 4 × 20 = 80
tu
(d) 4𝑙 = 20 𝑙 = 20 No
RHS 20
.s
LHS 4 × 80 = 360
e) 4𝑙 = 20 𝑙 = 80 No
RHS 20
w
LHS 4 × 5 = 20
(f) 4𝑙 = 20 𝑙 = 5 Yes
w
RHS 20
LHS 5 + 5 = 10
w
(g) 𝑏 + 5 = 9 𝑏 =5 No
RHS 9
LHS 9 + 5 = 14
(h) 𝑏 + 5 = 9 𝑏 = 9 No
RHS 9
LHS 4 + 5 = 9
(i) 𝑏 + 5 = 9 𝑏 = 4 Yes
RHS 9
LHS 13 − 8 = 5
(j) ℎ − 8 = 5 ℎ = 13 Yes
RHS 5
LHS 8 − 8 = 0
(k) ℎ − 8 = 5 ℎ = 8 No
RHS 5
LHS 0 − 8 = −8
(l) ℎ − 8 = 5 ℎ = 0 No
RHS 5
LHS 3 + 3 = 6
(m) 𝑝 + 3 = 1 𝑝 = 3 No
RHS 1
LHS 1 + 3 = 4
(n) 𝑝 + 3 = 1 𝑝 = 1 No
RHS 1
LHS 0 + 3 = 3
(o) 𝑝 + 3 = 1 𝑝 = 0 No
RHS 1
LHS −1 + 3 = 2
(p) 𝑝 + 3 = 1 𝑃 = −1 No
RHS 1
LHS −2 + 3 = 1
(q) 𝑝 + 3 = 1 𝑃 = −2 Yes
RHS 1
Q.3) Pick out the solution from the values given in the bracket next to each equation.
Show that the other values do not satisfy the equation.
(a) 5m = 60 (10, 5, 12, 15)
(b) n + 12 = 20 (12, 8, 20, 0)
(c) p − 5 = 5 (0, 10, 5 − 5)
𝑞
(d) = 7 (7, 2, 10, 14)
2
(e) r − 4 = 0 (4, − 4, 8, 0)
m
(f) x + 4 = 2 (− 2, 0, 2, 4)
Sol.3) a) 5𝑚 = 60
co
For 𝑚 = 10, 5𝑚 = 5(10) = 50
For 𝑚 = 5, 5𝑚 = 5(5) = 25
For 𝑚 = 12, 5𝑚 = 5(12) = 60
y.
da
For 𝑚 = 15, 5𝑚 = 5(15) = 75
to
b) 𝑛 + 12 = 20
For 𝑛 = 12, 𝑛 + 12 = 12 + 12 = 24
di
For 𝑛 = 8, 𝑛 + 12 = 8 + 12 = 20
tu
For 𝑛 = 20, 𝑛 + 12 = 20 + 12 = 32
.s
For 𝑛 = 0, 𝑛 + 12 = 0 + 12 = 12
w
c) 𝑝 – 5 = 5
Let's try the equation of each given value of 𝑝
For 𝑝 = 0, 𝑝 – 5 = 0 – 5 = −5
For 𝑝 = 10, 𝑝 – 5 = 10 – 5 = 5
For 𝑝 = 5, 𝑝 – 5 = 5 – 5 = 0
For 𝑝 = −5, 𝑝 – 5 = −5 – 5 = −10
𝑞 14
For 𝑞 = 14, = = 7
2 2
e) 𝑟 – 4 = 0
For 𝑟 = 4, 𝑟 – 4 = 4 – 4 = 0
For 𝑟 = −4, 𝑟 – 4 = −4 – 4 = −8
For 𝑟 = 8, 𝑟 – 4 = 8 – 4 = 4
For 𝑟 = 0, 𝑟 – 4 = 0 – 4 = −4
m
For 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
co
So, we see that 𝑥 = −2 satisfy the equation and is the solution.
Q.4)
y.
(a) Complete the table and by inspection of the table, find the solution to the
equation 𝑚 + 10 = 16.
da
𝑚 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 …
to
𝑚 + 10 − − − − − − − − − − −
es
b) Complete the table and by inspection of the table, find the solution to the equation
5𝑡 = 35.
di
𝑡 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 …
tu
5𝑡 − − − − − − − − − −
𝑧
(c) Complete the table and find the solution of the equation = 4 using the table.
.s
3
𝑧 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 …
w
8 10
3 − − − − − − −
w
3 3
w
(d) Complete the table and find the solution to the equation 𝑚 − 7 = 3
𝑚 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 …
𝑚 − 7 − − − − − − − − − −
Sol.4) a)
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 …
m + 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 −
From the table, solution for 𝑚 + 10 = 16 is 𝑚 = 6
b)
t 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 …
5t 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 −
From the table, solution for 5𝑡 = 35 is 𝑡 = 7
c)
z 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 …
𝑧 8 10 11 13 14 16
3 4 5 −
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
𝑧
From the table, solution for = 4 is 𝑧 = 12
3
d)
m 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 …
m−7 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 −
From the table, solution for equation 𝑚 − 7 = 3 is 𝑚 = 10
Q.5) Solve the following riddles, you may yourself construct such riddles.
Who am I?
(i) Go round a square
Counting every corner
Thrice and no more!
Add the count to me
To get exactly thirty-four!
m
(ii) For each day of the week
co
Make an up count from me
If you make no mistake
You will get twenty-three!
y.
da
(iii) I am a special number
to
ii)
If 23 is the number for Sunday,
Then counting up,
Saturday is 22, Friday is 21, Thursday is 20, Wednesday is 19, Tuesday is 18, Monday is
17 and Sunday is 16.
Therefore, the number considered is 16.
iii)
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reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,
recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission.
iv)
Let the number be 𝑥.
22 – 𝑥 = 𝑥
22 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥
22
𝑥 = = 11
2
The number is 11.
m
co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
w