Chapter 11

Thermochemistry: Heat changes that occur

Energy:
Chemical Potential Energy:
Heat = Q: Energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference
between them.
Law of Conservation of Energy: In any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created or
destroyed. All energy is accounted for as work, stored energy or heat.
System: The part of the universe you are focused upon.
Endothermic: The system gains heat as the surrounding heat up.
Exothermic: The system loses heat as the surrounding heat up.
Heat Capacity: Amount of heat required to raise the heat of an object by 1 degree.
Ex. Like Jordan Lake
Specific Heat: Amount of heat required to raise the heat of 1g of an object.

*Water Has a Very High Specific Heat*

*(4.186 J/g*˚C)*

1 Calorie = 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories

(food) (used except in food)
1 Joule = 0.2390 calories
1 calorie = 4.184 Joules

Formula:

C= specific heat
q= calories or joules
m= mass in g
Delta= heat
T= temperature

Ex:
To study the amount of heat released during a neutralization reaction, 25 ml of water containing
.025 mole HCl is added to 25 ml of water containing 25 mole of NaOH in a foam cup calorimeter. At the
start, the solution and calorimeter are all at 25˚C. During the reaction, the highest temperature
observed is 32˚C. Calculate the heat [in kJ] released during this reaction. Assume the densities of the
solution are 1.00g/ml.
 Chapter 11.2
Calorimeter: accurate and precise measurement of heat change for chemical and physical processes

 Insulated Container (like in Cu Metal Lab)

Chapter 11.3
[Phase Change Chart]

Enthalpy: Amount of heat a substance has, H

{Delta H}: Change in enthalpy
 {-Delta H} is exothermic, cooling, releasing of energy
 {+Delta H} is endothermic, heating, absorbing energy
 {Delta HFus} molar heat fusion, heat gained to go from solid to liquid
 {Delta HSolid} molar heat of solidification, heat lost to go from liquid to solid
 {Delta HVapor} molar heat of vaporization, heat gained to go from liquid to vapor
 {Delta HCond} molar heat of condensation, heat lost to go from gas (vapor) to liquid