University of Khartoum Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering 7 Diplomed/M.Sc, Program in Water Resources! Sanitary Engineering HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES OPEN BOOK - Test (1) L Date : 18/9/2017 il Time: 4hours Instruct 4) Answer ALL questions in any FOUR sections . 2) SECTI'ON-1 is compulsory 2) Neat ¢liagrams must be drawn whenever necessary. 3) Assume suitable data whenever necessary. SECTION-I 1) ANSWER QUESTIONS: a) Explain the role of dams in water resource development of a country — 4) Classify dams based on different criteria giving example of each type and what are their advantages and disadvantages? |. Explain the suitability of construction of a particular type of dam under the following criterion. i) Topography. ii) Spillway size and location. iii) Availability of construction material. c) Draw proportionate and neat labeled sketches of the following energy dissipaters. I. Roller bucket. Il. Ski-jump bucket, d) Discuss economics of lined and unlined canals hegense!determine the phreatic line through would you proceed to oe aah horizontal filter? homogenous earth dam with a 2) Write short notes about: a) Aeration in spillways. b) Morning glory spillway. 1°) Types of galleries. 4) Rockfill dams. ) Water hammer phenomena. f) Cost benefits consideration in planning dam reservolt. SECTION -2 1. Aconcrete gravity dam has the following features above Reference Level (RL of 100.00m): -Top of dam=200m RL -Water stands up to 195m RL - Width at top=7 m - Upstream batter of 1H to 10V at 150m RL - Downstream batter of 0.7H to 1V at 190m RL - Drainage gallery at 10 m from uls vertical face - Uplift coefficient at gallery=0.6 = Tail water depth=5m ~ Specific weight of dam material 24 kN /m i) Determine the normal stress at each end of base of dam when reservoir is empty and full. I With a neat sketch of gravity dam, explain any three forces and their effect on dam. a Use Khosla’s curves to calculate the percentage uplift pressure at points C1, E2, C2, D3 and E3 for a hydraulic structure foundation profile shown in figure below applying necessary corrections. Also determine the exit gradient. [Assume: floor thickness = 4 m]200, ity dam section below , and indicate a. Examine the stability of grav! f stresses that developed at heel and the values of various kinds o toe, given that : - Earthquake forces = 0.1g for horizontal forces and 0.05 g for vertical forces Uplift pressure = hydrostatic pressure at either ends and acts over 60% of section area The tail water is present when dam is full and no Tailwater when it’s empty ~ Unit of concrete = 24 KNim? and Water = 10 KNim? saniaSECTION-3: J 4) An earth dam of homogenous material has the following data : Level of the top of the dam = 200 m Level of deepest river bed = 178m. HF.L of reservoir = 197.5 m Width of top of dam= 4.5m. UIS slope = 3:1 DIS slope = 2:1 Length of horizontal filter from DIS toe inwards = 25m Cohesion of soil of dam = 24 KNim? Angle of internal friction of soil in the dam = 25° Angle of internal friction of soil in the foundation = 12° Dry weight of the soil in the dam = 18 KNim? ‘Submerged weight of the soil in the dam = 12 KNim? Dry unit weight of foundation soi 8.3 KNim3 ~ Coefficient of permeability of soil in the dam = 510 misec ‘The foundation soil consists of 8 m thick layer of clay , having negligible coefficient of permeability . Check dam stability and its foundations. /)) The figure below illustrates 4 depressed flooris to store 1mhead , find the values of pressure at points (A, B, C,D) 800M ——————A, Wee UE LLL o Bg B j+_—13.0M -}— 5.00 |on Gravity dam with the section below , determine the maximum height (H) which prevents dam from over-turning , given the Density of concrete 2400 Kgim? and density of water = 1000 Kal? 4m, F + Water level Ho > Ground level Wa mg SECTION -4 1) Acentrifugal pump has a (100mm) diameter suction pipe anda (75mm) diameter delivery pipe. When discharging 15 Lis of water, the inlet water-mercury manometer with one limb exposed to the atmosphere recorded a vacuum deflection of [198mm]; the mercury level on the suction side was [100mm] below the pipe centerline. The delivery pressure gauge, [200mm] above the pump inlet, recorded a pressure of [0.95] bar. The measured input power was [3.2KW]. Calculate the pump efficiency. 2) Calculate the steady discharge of water and the power consumption between two tanks. Pipe diameter (Ds=Da) = 200mm; Length = 2000mm; k = 0.03mm (uPVC). Losses in valves, bends plus the velocity head amount to (6.2 V2/2g). Static lift = 10.0m. ©Discharge(tis) Total head Efficiency (percent) 0 25 = 10 232 45 20 208 65 30 165 74 40 124 65. 50 73 45 Note: The efficiencies given are the overall efficiencies of the pump and motor combined. 3) A 2800 m long pipeline conveys water at a velocity of 2 m/sec, tf the valve at the DIS end is closed suddenly, calculate the maximum pressure rise. Sketch the variation of the water hammer pressure with time at: i) The valve end. ii) _ Mid-point B of the pipe. iil) At point ¢ 2100 m upstream the valve. ‘Assume pipe is rigid, with A bulk modulus of the liquid = 1.956 x 10° Pa. SECTION -5: 4) Consider an arch dam with a width of 15.25 m is to store water of density 1000 kg/m: , the parabolic shape equation is 220 (xlxo)? with xo= 3m and zo= 7.3m . Compute the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force on the dam. 2) Given an ogee spillway with the following data : ~ Design discharge = 15000 m/sec ~ Crest length = 190 m - Spillway crest level = 204 m ~ Mean ground level = 170 mThroat width = 4m Tail water elevation =7 m below the summit at the design discharge Head water elevation is 2m above the summit Determine: i) Siphon capacity using orifice flow principles (Cd = 0.65). ii) An ogee spillway (3.8 m long) is proposed to be constructed, determine the head assuming the same capacity at (i) , (Cd = 2.3). An ogee weir with a head of 2.2 m onthe crest is proposed as a second alternative , determine the fength of spillway assuming the same capacity at () SECTI 4) Monthly inflows at a proposed reservoir site for a drought period of 15 months are given along with targeted demands , compute the required storage Month’ [June |Jul [Aug | Sep | Oct [Nov [Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr inflows (250 350 400 |200 | 150 150 |100 | 50 (iim?) _ ‘Demand 150 | 150/200 | 250 350/400 250 | 200 i May | Jun [Jul [Aug 450 300/400 | 450 | 150 | 200 450 450 150 | 100 | 250 | 350 | 300 100 2) Design a concrete lined channel to carry discharge of 350 cumecs at a slope of 1 in 5,000 , the side slope of channelis 1.5: 4 , the value of n for lining is 0.014 . Assume limiting velocity in the channel as 2 misec. 3) Given a rectangular box culvert: 8m 75m - L=15m - Manning's = 0.012 - $70.15- Tallwater = 0.45m - Discharge = 0.95 m/sec - Ke=0.7 (Ke is an empirical constant depends on type of structure and entrance design). Determine the head water depth USBR STILLING BASINTYPE |Obtain USBR profile for this spillway 4) For spillway in the previ rg previous problem , stilling basin given : COTM ~ Taliweter level at design discharge = 181m - Given Hand H2for different discharges « 5000 | 15000 1 13 4 19 4) A semi-circle gate focated in a dam as shown below, what is the inet the gate. hydrostatic force agail ith Froude number of 8 , water YA ‘Adrop of a hydraulic jump pool wi depth was 0.7m, What will be the length of the hydraulic jump and the power dissipated due to the jump assuming discharge ‘of 2000 m/sec. 3) Asiphon spillway with the following characteristics: Throat height = 1.5™