I have played a computer game (recently). (Eu am jucat un joc pe calculator [recent]).

I played a computer game yesterday. (Eu am jucat un joc pe calculator ieri.)

Daca se foloseste DID in fata unui verb la Infinitiv atunci inseamna ca acctentuez pe
actiune: E.g. I loved him. (Eu l-am iubit) -> I DID LOVE him. (Eu chiar l-am iubit)
I will visit you when I have time. (simultaneity) (Te voi vizita cand voi avea timp. ->
actiunile sunt simultane)
I will visit you once I have finished my work here. (anteriority – first finish work then
visit)
Present Perfect Simple vs.
Present Perfect Continuous

•I have lived here since 1990. (Eu locuiesc aici din 1990.)
I have been living here since 1990. (Eu locuiesc
aici din 1990.)
(both possible – Present Perfect Continuous stresses on duration - ambele timpuri sunt
posibile dar Prezentul Perfect Continuu accentueaza pe durata)

•Who has eaten my cake? (Cine mi-a mancat

prajitura?) Who has been eating my cake? (Cine
mi-a mancat din prajitura?)
(there is no cake left [nu mai este prajitura deloc] -> completed
action) (there is some cake left [a mai ramas ceva din prajitura] ->
incomplete action)
Cand folosim Prezent Perfect Simplu inseamna ca actiunea este terminata -deci nu mai
este prajitura deloc, iar cand folosim Prezent Perfect Continuu inseamna ca actiunea este
incompleta -deci in acest caz mai este ceva prajitura ramasa.
E.g. Do you know who ... my cookies? There is none left. (Sti cine mi-a mancat
prajiturile? Nu a mai ramas nici una.)
a) has been eating
b) ate
c) has eaten
d) is eating
 •What have you done with my pen? (Ce ai facut cu stiloul meu?)
What have you been doing with my pen? (Ce i-ai facut
stiloului meu?)
(I cannot find it/ I don’t know where it is - nu pot sa il
gasesc) (I have it but it is broken - il am dar este
stricat)
Daca folosim Prezent Perfect Simplu inseamna ca nu stim ce s-a intamplat cu obiectul,
iar daca folosim Prezent Perfect Continuu inseamna ca avem obiectul dar este stricat/
schimbat/ modificat.
E.g. Why is my pen bent? What ... with it? (De ce este stiloul meu indoit? Ce ai facut cu
el?)
a) have you done
b) are you doing
c) did you do
d) have you been doing

•I have read ten books so far. (Eu am citit zece carti pana acum.)
I have been reading ten books so far. (Eu am citit carti pana
acum.)
(completed action done ten times - actiune completeta facuta de zece
ori) (an incomplete action - o actiune incompleta)
Putem folosi Prezentul Perfect Simplu pentru a spune de cate ori am facut o actiune
(deci putem sa folosim numere), dar nu putem sa spunem de cate ori am facut o actiune
cu Prezentul Perfect Continuu deoarece acesta arata o actiune incompleta (deci nu
folosim numere cu el)
E.g. My little brother ... three toys so far. (Fratiorul meu a stricat trei jucarii pana acum.)
a) has broken
b) broke
c) has been breaking
d) is breaking
My little brother ... a lot of toys so far. (Fratiorul meu a sticat multe jucarii pana
acum.)
a) has been breaking
b) is breaking
c) broke
d) breaks
+ I/ we shall leave - I/ we shan’t leave ? Shall I/ we leave? (SHALL se foloseste
la persoana I singular si plural)
You will leave You won’t leave Will you leave? (WILL se foloseste la
persoana a II-a si a III-a singular si plural)
He will leave He won’t leave Will he leave?
TO BE ABOUT TO - a fi pe punctul sa (near future - viitor apropiat):
E.g. The film is about to begin. (Filmul este pe punctul sa inceapa.)

TO BE ON THE VERGE OF + Vb.-ING - a fi pe punctul sa (near future - viitor

apropiat):
E.g. The plane is on the verge of crushing. (Avionul este pe punctul sa se prabuseasca.)

TO BE ON THE POINT OF + Vb.-ING - a fi pe punctul sa (near future - viitor

apropiat):
E.g. Mary is on the point of crying. (Maria este pe punctul sa planga.)

TO BE TO (used to describe formal arrangements - folosit pentru a descrie aranjamente

formale):
E.g. All students are to assemble in the hall at five. (Toti elevii trebuie sa se adune in hol
la cinci.)

TO BE DUE TO (used to refer to scheduled times which are not necessarily fixed
events):
(se foloseste pentru a se referi la orare care nu sunt neaparat evenimente fixe)
E.g. The play is due to start in five minutes./ The baby is due (to be born) in May./ The
train is due to arrive at 5, but it is a little late.
(Piesa de teatru trebuie sa inceapa in cinci minute./ Copilul trebuie sa se nasca in mai./
Trenul trebuie sa soseasca la ora 5 dar este in intarziere.)

TO BE GOING TO:
- Intention (intentie): E.g. I am going to buy a car next week. (Intentionez sa
cumpar o masina saptamana viitoare.)
- Future action which will happen due to a present event (actiune viitoare care se
va intampla din cauza unui eveniment din prezent):
E.g. You are driving too fast. We are going to have an accident. (Conduci prea repede. O
sa ai un accident.)
!!! NEVER USE WILL or WOULD in a TIME CLAUSE (NU FOLOSITI NICIODATA
WILL SAU WOULD IN SUBORDONATE TEMPORALE)

e.g. They will give you a call as soon as they ... in town. (Ei o sa te sune de indata ce
sosesc in oras.)

a) will arrive
b) would arrive
c) arrive
d) had arrived
“It is sunny today,” he says. => He says that it is sunny today./ He’s said that it is sunny
today.
She is going to buy me a car. => I am going to be bought a car.
He had given the money and then he left. => Having given the money, he left. =>The
money having been given, he left.
I saw her leave. -> She was seen to leave. (Am vazut-o plecand. => Ea a fost vazuta
plecand.)
I heard them laugh. -> They were heard to laugh.
They let me go yesterday. => I was allowed to go. (permission) (Ei m-au lasat sa plec
ieri. => Mi s-a permis sa plec ieri.)

LET la Diateza Pasiva inseamna TO RENT (a inchiria): The apartment was let last
week. (Apartamentul a fost inchiriat saptamana trecuta.)
People say /that he is handsome./(Oamenii spun ca el este frumos.) => It is said /that
he is handsome./(impersonal) (Se spune ca el este frumos.)
=> He is said to be handsome. (personal) (El este spus
ca este frumos.)
Insist => make : He insisted that I stay. -> He made me stay. (Make + Infinitiv Scurt)
(El a insistat ca eu sa stau.)

Ask => have: He asked me to stay. -> He had me stay. (Have + Infinitiv Scurt)
 (El m-a rugat sa stau.)

Persuade => get: He persuaded me to work.->He got me to work. (Get + Infinitiv Lung)
(El m-a convins sa muncesc.)
In Conditionale inversiunea se face inlocuind IF cu SHOULD la tipul
I si WERE la tipul II si III. Tipul III mai poate inlocui IF cu HAD.
Type 1. IF + S + SHOULD + VB. INF. ... => SHOULD + S + Vb. INF. ...
If I should meet him, I will tell him the news. (Daca se intampla sa il
intalnesc, ii voi spune vestile.) =>
Should I meet him, I will tell him the news. (Daca se intampla sa il intalnesc, ii voi
spune vestile.)
Type 2. IF + S + PAST SIMPLE + ... => WERE + S + LONG INFINITIVE + ...
If I saw her there, I would be surprised. (Daca as vedea-o acolo, as fi
surprins.)
If I were to see her there, I would be surprised. (PAST SIMPLE se transforma
in WERE + Long Inf.)
Were I to see her there, I would be surprised.
!!! Atentie: nu se foloseste WAS in tipul II de conditionala ci se foloseste WERE pentru
toate persoanele
Pentru expresia: If I were you/ if I were in your place (daca as fi tu/ daca as fi in locul
tau), inversiunea este: Were I you/ Were I in your place
Type 3. IF + S + PAST PERFECT + ... => HAD + S + Vb. III/ -ED + ...
If I had seen him, I would have talked with him. (Daca l-as fi vazut, as fi
vorbit cu el.)
Had I seen him, I would have talked with him.
If it were not for (de n-ar fi) her, they’d be in trouble.
Type II Were it not for (de n-ar fi) her, they’d be in trouble.
But for (de n-ar fi) her, they’d be in trouble.
De n-ar fi ea, ei ar avea probleme. (dupa aceste expresii se foloseste
un pronume sau un substantiv)

If it hadn’t been for (de n-ar fi fost) her, I would have died.
Type III Had it not been for (de n-ar fi fost) her, I would have died.
 But for (de n-ar fi fost) her , I would have died.
De n-ar fi fost ea, as fi murit. (dupa aceste expresii se foloseste
un pronume)
IF poate fi inlocuit cu:
UNLESS (daca nu), ON CONDITION THAT (cu conditia), SO LONG AS (atata timp
cat), AS LONG AS (atata timp cat), PROVIDING (cu conditia), PROVIDED (cu
conditia), SUPPOSE (sa presupunem), SUPPOSING (sa presupunem), OTHERWISE
(altminteri), ONLY IF (doar daca), WHAT IF (ce ar fi daca), EVEN IF (chiar daca), IN
CASE (in caz ca)
Daca incepem cu secundara si avem ONLY IF la inceput, atunci se face inversiune intre
WILL si Subiect in principala:
I will come only if I have time. (Voi veni numai daca voi avea timp.)
Only if I have time, WILL I come. (Numai daca voi avea timp, voi veni.)
!!!!! Dupa unless (daca nu) nu se folosesc negatii, will sau would: