Bourdieu and Putnam conception of social capital and its evaluation in Pakistani setup

under prisms of creative destruction theory:

Social capital is about the value of social networks, bonding similar people and bridging between
diverse people, with norms of reciprocity. It is an individual’s personal network and elite
institutional affiliations. It is the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an
individual or a group by possessing a durable network of institutionalized relationships of mutual
acquaintance and recognition. In Putman’s work “making democracy work” regarding reforms in
Italian government the main question he puts is “what are the preconditions for the development
of strong, responsive representative institutions and a prosperous economy?”. He views growth
of social capital as key solution to it. Putnam's concept of social capital revolves around trust
theory and principle of interdependence. It has three components: moral obligations and norms,
social values (especially trust) and social networks (especially voluntary associations). Putnam's
central thesis is that if a region has a well-functioning economic system and a high level of
political integration, these are the result of the region’s successful accumulation of social capital.
Bourdieu’s concept of social capital puts the emphasis on conflicts and the power
function (social relations that increase the ability of an actor to advance her/his interests). He
explains symbolic capital briefly. Social positions and the division of economic, cultural and
social resources in general are legitimized with the help of symbolic capital. From the Bordieuan
perspective, social capital becomes a resource in the social struggles that are carried out in
different social arenas or fields. For example, the problem of trust (which Bourdieu does not
discuss much explicitly) can now be dealt with as a part of the symbolic struggle (or the absence
of the practice of symbolic power and symbolic exchange. All such conception suggests that
social capital is social support provided for few for the welfare of all and open for all to
participate.
Critical cross section of our history clearly shows the devastation of local corporation and
industries due to the excessive operationalization of multinational and transnational corporations.
On other hand, we also examine the destruction of local saloons that were functional in history to
settle local issues and even decide state future. The importance of these saloons can be seen in
history where the movement of East Pakistan succession started from a small-town salon in
Agartala. Local justice system like jirga and panchayat also lost its significance to birth of new
institution as substitute. Modernization of structures created relief on one hand but created chaos
on another. Thus Schumpeter argument that new created structure engulf the older one may seem
to be applicable here.