Sarvayogam Corp's Earthing Catalog

Sarvayogam Corp
ADVANCE EARTHING SOLUTION & EARLY STREAMER EMISSION

TYPE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EARTHING PRODUCT CATALOG AND

GUIDEBOOK TO SAFE EARTHING
Welcome to our Earthing Protection Catalogue
Sarvayogam Corp has been a name to reckon for

supply and erection of Advance Maintenance
Free Earthing systems and ESE Lightning
Protection systems. Based in Ahmedabad,
Sarvayogam boasts of a huge list of esteemed
clientele including corporate, Developers,
Leading Project Consultants, Eminent Architects
and Electricals Contractors. We have been
associated with esteemed organizations as
UltraTech Cement Limited, Prism Cement
Limited, Breach Candy Hospital to name a few.
Having been into supply of earthing since our

inception in 2012, we have catered to projects in
almost all cities of Gujarat. We have also spread
our wings to cater to projects in Mumbai, Delhi,
Goa, Chhattisgarh, Cochin, Udaipur, and Jaipur.
We have handled projects as sub-stations, RMC
Plants, Hospitals, IT companies with servers,
laboratories with sensitive equipments, Bank
ATMs and much more apart from the regular set
of Residential and Commercial construction
sites. Our products have been preferred choice
of Electrical Consultants, Electrical contractors
and project consultants and Architects. We not
only supply products in accordance with Indian
& International standards, but also provide
quality services. Over the years, we have gained
enough experience and technical know-how to
provide consulting services in terms of Earthing
planning and installation, testing resistivity of
the soil, & suggesting earthing material.
M: 09825316469 I E: sarvayogamcorp@gmail.com I W: sarvayogamcorp.wordpress.com

We are a bunch of dedicated individuals with substantial technical experience and adroit in
handling complex projects.
We work towards creating a safe environment at the projects we serve and maintaining a
professional, healthy and progressive environment at our office and manufacturing facility.
We strive to achieve our aim of providing complete satisfaction to our esteemed clients by
offering them quality products. Our ability to ensure timely delivery further cements our
relationship with our clients.
Each of our processes undergoes an evaluation based on a quality checklist. In terms of

earthing material and accessories, the parameters to be checked include material strength,
material grade, fabrication process, galvanization process, overall finishing, usage of
trademarks, packaging. The entire manufacturing process is in accordance with standards
like IS: 3043:1987 and IS: 2309. We also adhere to International standards like BS: 7430 &
UL: 467. Our products are tested & certified by ERDA, Vadodara which is a NABL accredited
Laboratory.
Other quality checks include proper documentation, taxation as per law, ensuring timely
dispatch-receipt of material, installation as suggested in Indian Standards 3043 and 2907.
Over the years we have supplied earthing material and provided installation service in 14
states in India. Hospitals in Delhi, Factories in Goa, telecom towers in Rajasthan, Schools in
Gujarat, Residential towers in Ahmedabad, Petro Chemical facilities in Dahej and Hajira,
Sub-stations in Bhuj and many more have utilized our products and services.
Apart from normal installation service for our products, we offer consultation for projects
for earthing, Earthing checking, Short circuit current calculation, and advice on critical
electrical requirements.

Our Product Range:
 Pipe in Pipe type Chemical Earthing Systems (Copper Bonded as well as Galvanized)
 Solid Rod type Chemical Earthing Systems (Copper Bonded)
 Early streamer Emission type Lightning Protection Systems
For any further information or feedback, please write to us over

sarvayogamcorp@gmail.com

EARTHING: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
What is Earthing?
“Earthing” may be described as a system of electrical connections to the general mass of

earth. The characteristic primarily determining the effectiveness of an earth
electrode is the conductivity, which it provides between the earthing system and the
general mass of earth. It eliminates the electrostatic discharge which can destroy
sensitive equipments and disrupt power supply. Major objectives of earthing are to
provide safe discharge path for short circuit currents and lightening discharges and to
provide stable potential differences for instrument accuracy.
Purpose of Earthing
The earthing of an electrical installation has two

purposes:
 To provide protection for persons or animals against the danger of electric shock.
 To maintain the proper function of the electrical system by dissipating fault current
and lightning current safely into the ground.
NEED FOR SUPERIOR EARTHING
Times have witnessed the emergence of sensitive equipments and electronic

appliances, for various industrial, domestic, hospitals, and other applications. Human
safety, as well as costly and sensitive electronic equipments is vulnerable even to small
fault current which seriously affect the life and the performance of the equipments. The
GI Pipe earthing and the copper plate earthing placed amidst layers of Coal and Salt
(traditional earthing), in use since the advent of electricity are not able to cater to the
earthing demands of the sophisticated new generation sensitive equipments. The
problems arising are Corrosion of metal, lack of adequate moisture in case of dry terrains.
Thus there arises a need for long lasting, corrosion resistant, reliable and maintenance
free earthing system that retains moisture as well and dissipates the current fall within
microseconds into general mass of earth.
All the grounding connections should be as short and direct as possible to reduce peak
voltages induced in the connections and minimize inductance.
THE CHIEF REQUIREMENT OF GOOD EARTHING IS LOW SOIL RESISTIVITY
Soil Resistivity (specific resistance of the soil) is usually measured in Ohm meters, one
Ohm meter being the resistivity the soil has when it has a resistance of one Ohm
between the opposite faces of a cube of soil having one meter sides. The other unit
commonly used is the Ohm centimeter; to convert Ohm meters to Ohm centimeters,
multiply by 100.
Soil resistivity varies greatly from one location to another. For example, soil around the
banks of a river has a resistivity in the order o f1.5 Ohm meters. In the other extreme, dry
sand in elevated areas can have values as high as 10,000 Ohm meters.
THE EARTH PATH The resistance of the earth path is determined, (1) by the resistivity of
the soil surrounding the earth rod, (2) by its contact resistance between the earth
rod and the surrounding soil and, (3) by the resistance of the earth rod and connecting
conductors. When an electrical current passes into the soil from a buried earth rod, it
passes from a low resistance metal into an immediate area of high resistance soil.
Reference to Figures 1 depicts what happens when a current flows from an earth rod
into the surrounding earth. The areas of resistance can be described as being that of a
number of sheaths of ever increasing diameters. The current path passes into the first
sheath immediately adjacent to the earth rod and then into the second sheath which is
of a larger cross-section with a greater area for current flow and, therefore, of lower
resistance than the first sheath, and so on into a succession of sheaths or shells of ever
increasing area and, because of this, of ever decreasing resistance. Eventually at a
distance of three of four meters, the area of current dissipation becomes so large, and
the current density so small, the resistance at this point is negligible.
Measurements show that 90% of the total resistance around an earth rod is within a
radius of three meters. However, it is this resistance at the interface where the current
leaves the earth rod and flows into the main body of the earth resistivity, requiring
earth rods to be driven to even greater depths. See Table 2 for variations of soil
resistivity with moisture content that is important and explains why soil resistivity tests
are very necessary in order to secure lowest overall resistance.
THE FOLLOWING FACTORS AFFECT SOIL RESISTIVITY
1. Type of Soil
The soil composition can be: clay, gravel, loam, rock, sand, shale, silt, stones, etc. In
many locations, soil can be quite homogenous, while other locations may be mixtures of
these soil types in varying proportions. Very often, the soil composition is in layers or
strata, and it is the resistance of the varying strata, especially at sub-soil level and
lowers where the moisture content is not subject to drying out, that is important in
securing a good electrical earth. Refer Table 1 for typical soil resistivity values.
2. Seasonal Conditions
The effects of heat, moisture, drought and frost can introduce wide variations in
“normal” soil resistivity. Soil resistivity usually decreases with depth, and an increase of
only a few percent of moisture content in a normally dry soil will markedly decrease soil
resistivity. Conversely, soil temperatures below freezing greatly increase soil resistivity,
requiring earth rods to be driven to even greater depths. See Table 2 for variations of
soil resistivity with moisture content, and Table 3 for variations of soil resistivity with
temperature.
3. Other Factors
Other soil properties conducive to low resistivity are chemical composition, soil
ionization, homogeneous grain size and even grain distribution - all of which have
Much to do with retention of soil moisture, as well as providing good conditions for a
closely packed soil in good contact with the earth rod. In view of all the above factors,
there is a large variation of soil resistivity between different soil types and moisture
contents. Every earth is an individual and the only way to know that an earthing
installation meets code requirements is to carry out proper resistance measurements on
site.

MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY
1. Measuring Resistance
Figure 3 illustrates the test setup for measuring the resistance in Ohms between the
installed earth rod and the general mass of earth. Refer to the instrument
manufacturer’s manual on how to carry out the test. As a general rule, the distance
between the earth rod under test and the current probe “C” is not less than 15 meters.
2. Measuring Soil Resistivity
Figure 4 illustrates the simple test setup for measuring soil resistivity. The test results
give a resistivity profile of the earth beneath the surface. A four terminal instrument is
required for soil resistivity. The probes are installed in a straight line with an equal spacing
of “a” meters and inserted to a depth of no more than a/20 meters, i.e. For spacing of 2

meters, depth must be less than 100mm. Now keeping the centre position the same,
resistance measurements are taken at increasing spacing (e.g. a=2mm, 3mm, 4mm
etc.). Always ensure that the spacing between individual test probes is identical.
Four-terminal test instruments.
The soil resistivity can be obtained from the following formula: r = 2p a R (Ohm
meters)
Where p = apparent soil resistivity
a = spacing of probes in
meters
R = resistance value in Ohms (as indicated on the

tester)
The use of the resistivity at probe spacing “a” meters as the average resistivity to a depth
of “a” meters is a good enough approximation for most circumstances. From the
calculations, a soil resistivity versus depth profile can be drawn as shown in “Figures 5
and 6. The profile can be used to identify where low resistivity soil occurs so that
appropriate installation techniques can be used. As the soil resistivity decreases with
depth, deep driving earth rods are recommended. If the soil resistivity increases with
depth, earth rods should be installed in parallel to obtain a lower resistance reading.
Best results are achieved when the spacing of the parallel earth rods is greater than their
depth.
EARTH ROD LENGTH MORE IMPORTANT THAN DIAMETER
Apart from considerations of mechanical strength, there is little advantage to be gained

from increasing the earth rod diameter with the object in mind of increasing surface area
in contact with the soil. The usual practice is to select a diameter of earth rod, which
will have enough strength to enable it to be driven into the particular soil conditions
without bending or splitting. Large diameter rods may be more difficult to drive than
smaller diameter rods. The depth to which an earth rod is driven has much more
influence on its electrical resistance characteristics than has its diameter. This is because
it is not the actual area of contact with the soil that counts, so much as the total
resistance area of the sheath or shell surrounding the earth rod.
The curve is based upon this formula where the earth resistance using a 25mm diameter
earth rod is plotted against its length for soil having a resistivity of 10 Ohm meters. Note
that if the diameter of the earth rod is halved (or doubled), the resistance is changed by
some 12½%.

It can be seen from the curve that a much more dramatic effect is obtained by increasing
the length of the earth rod. The combined resistance of parallel rods is a complex function
of the number of rods, rod diameter, rod length, rod separation, configuration of earth rods
and soil resistivity. In most cases, fewer rods coupled together for deep driving will achieve
a lower resistance than the same number in parallel.
The earth rod spacing should not be less than the earth rod length to avoid overlap
or resistance areas. This is because multiple earth rods, unless spaced well apart, so not
follow the law of resistance in parallel as their earth conducting paths overlap.
Accordingly, the installation of multiple earth rods at sufficient distances apart takes up a
large area, involves long cabling and many connections, all adding up to higher costs in
time, labor and equivalent.
USE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHING ELECTRODES
At one time or another, all manners of conductor materials and shapes have been
installed in the ground to provide an electrical earth. These materials range from cast iron
plates, copper plates, tubes, galvanized steel stakes, copper strip, metallic rod, wire and
water pipe. Taking into account conductivity, high resistance to atmospheric corrosion and
soil attack, ease and economy of installation and overall reliability, the steel rod clad with
either copper or stainless steel has proven its superiority over all others. The clad steel rod
is simple to install, its connection to the earthing system is easily made, and the
installation is readily accessible for inspection and test. Additionally, by the use of deep
driving techniques, extendible earth rods gave been developed to reach underlying strata
of low permanent resistivity unaffected by seasonal drying.
STEEL CORE RODS
Electrically, a good earth electrode should have a low intrinsic resistance and be of
sufficient section to carry high currents without damage when called upon.
Mechanically, its physical properties should exhibit strength, have a rigid core for
easy driving and be of durable, corrosion resistant material.
COPPER V/S STEEL
The permanence of copper in most soils, its resistance to chemical attack, and its inherent
low resistance, brings it into widespread use throughout the electrical industry in India
and around the world. However, there are certain soils where it is inadvisable to use
copper such as in tidal land salt marshes, swamps, and land filled with ashes, coke breeze
and like materials. Stainless steel earth rods have a high resistance to both atmospheric
and soil corrosion being clad with an austenitic grade stainless steel having chromium
content of approximately 17%.

Typical of the applications where stainless steel clad earth rods are favored over copper
clad is:
1. Where the chemical composition of the soil reacts more unfavorably than copper -
as per conditions described above.
2. Where the earthed item needs to be protected against galvanic attack and corrosion,
e.g. lead sheathed cables, steel poles, etc.
3. Where the tougher sheathing of stainless steel will provide for a more durable and rigid
earth rod better suited to hard driving conditions than its copper counterpart.
Moreover, the cladding operation imparts an extra toughness to the stainless steel through
hardening.

SARVAYOGAM CORP ADVANCE EARTHING SYSTEM
We adhere to IS: 3043-1987 rules while constructing earthing materials. We also make sure
the earthing pipes and rods follow the International standards as mentioned by UL. We have
the following to offer in terms of Advance Maintenance Free Earthing Systems
1. Pipe in Pipe type earthing system

The earth rod has 2 pipes made of low carbon tensile steel one inserted
inside the other. Both pipes are subjected to a copper bonding or
galvanization of 250 microns. The pipes used in manufacturing bear ISI
1239 medium mark. The empty space between the 2 pipes is filled with
crystalline conductive mixture. Appropriate lugs with hole and SS nut bolts
are provided for fixing strip or concealed wire. Alternately the strip can also
be welded on the lug. Alternately, we can also provide Strip-in-pipe, where
the internal pipe is replaced with a thick strip made of same material and
having efficient conducting capacity.
Salient Features of Earthing Systems:
 Maintenance Free: No need to add water in regular intervals as

required in conventional system.
 Consistency: Maintains same (approx) resistance value over long time
regardless of the Soil and climatic conditions.
 More Surface area: Conductive Backfill Compound in and around the
electrode creates a conductive zone which provides greater surface area for
peak current dissipation.
 Easy Installation: Can be installed indoors as well as outdoors and in all soil
conditions.
 Corrosion Resistance: The inner rod does not come in contact with the
soil or other active chemicals or contaminants. This enhances the life of
the rod as the effect of corrosion is minimized.
 Adherence to IS 3043- 1987. The Earthing systems follow the norms of
Indian Standard IS: 3043- 1987 indicating directions for safe & effective
earthing systems. (Refer Annexure for details)
 Unique Anti-theft robust design

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION:
Model Lug Cross External Internal KA Suggested Suggested

Size Section Wall Wall Ratings Load Usage
Area Thickness Thickness of RMS
48 MM 40 X 481 3.2 MM 2.0 MM 31.28 ka Upto 250 Domestic &
6 MM2 KVA Load Commercial
complexes
78 MM 50 X 892 3.6 MM 2.4 MM 63.52 ka Above Medium &
6 MM2 500 Heavy
KVA Load Industrial
applications
1. Materials Available: Copper Bonded, Galvanized, Stainless Steel (SS 304)

2. Core: Low Carbon Tensile Steel
3. Thickness of Coating: 250 Microns of Copper Bonding or Galvanization as
the case may be
4. Standard Lengths: 2 Meter, 3 Meter. (Dimensions can be
customized to suit the requirement of the project)
5. All pipes used in manufacturing are of ‘ISI 1239’ marked medium.
2. Solid Rod type Advance Maintenance Free Earthing System:

Solid Copper Bonded rods, often called Grounding rods are selected as an ideal earthing
solution due to mechanical stability, enhanced life and low costs over longer period of time.
Galvanized steel rods are one of the most economic options available. However the flip side
is that these rods have lower service life. Solid rods of Pure Copper or Stainless Steel are
expensive and have high chance of theft and pilferage. Alternately, steel core solid rods
bonded with copper serve as a good option. These copper bonded rods are economic and
can be driven deep into the soil satisfactorily.
We manufacture Copper Bonded rods using electrolytic process of coating copper on a layer
of nickel. We apply 99.9 % pure electrolytic copper. This ensures a long lasting molecular
bond between copper layer and the steel core. Sarvayogam Corp recommends Copper
Bonded rods because the Copper layer will not slip or tear when hard driven. Nor will the
rod crack if bent. The tough low carbon, high tensile strength steel core has good
characteristics for deep driving. Copper Bonding provides the rods, the resistance to
corrosion and low resistance path for the fault current.

The above image shows two ground rods subjected to same pressure load test. Our Copper Bonded earthing rod, shown in left will
bend without tears or cracks.
Certain soils or landfills not compatible with Copper can avail Stainless Steel rods.
We can provide the Solid rods with an option of a continuous rod of specified length or
short, threaded (threaded using cold rolling process) pieces of one meter length, with
hardened top and tapering, sharp hardened bottom. (Refer image). The table depicts our
standard Copper Bonded rods.

Thickness Length Thread Size Approx. Weight
17 mm Dia 1200 mm, M8 5.5 Kg
2000 mm,
3000 mm
25 mm Dia 1200 mm, M 12 12.1 Kg
2000 mm,
3000 mm
32 mm Dia 1200 mm, M 16 19.5 Kg
2000 mm,
3000 mm
38 mm Dia 1200 mm, M 19 27.5 Kg
2000 mm,
3000 mm
Salient features of “Sarvayogam” make Copper Bonded Solid rods
 Certified by ERDA, Vadodara; ERDA is accredited by NABL.

 We provide the biggest range of Copper Bonded solid rods in India
 Layer of Nickel between Copper and Steel core ensures better bonding
 Tensile strength greater than 80000 PSI, to sustain earth movements and ground
pressures
 Robust design with unique top for easy fitting of incoming metal strip/ wire
 Driving Sleeves/ Driving heads provided for quicker and safe hammering/ drilling

BACK FILL COMPOUND
Ground Improving Materials or the Backfill compounds consist of highly conductive
natural materials which enhances the efficiency of the earthing systems. It is useful in
areas with high resistivity and frequent fluctuations in moisture content of the soil.
Chemically, the compound is hygroscopic in nature and retains moisture.
The Backfill compound is non toxic, non explosive, non corrosive, non reactive,
thermally stable and swells considerably. Bonding resins added to the compound keeps
the soil around the earthrod intact and helps in retaining moisture
Advantages of Back Fill Compound
1. Maintains moisture near the influence of the earthrod.

2. Provides protection to the earthrod by acting as a barrier to corrosive elements.
3. Enhances soil conductivity as it contains added metal powders.
Back Fill Compound Technical Data Sheet

Product Name: Ground Improving Material/ Backfill Compound (BFC)
General Description:
 Highly swelling Bentonite based specially formulated compound.

 Used to create low resistivity in and around the earth pit as desired.
 Provides better conductivity and moisture retaining capacity and free from any toxic
material and hence safe to use as aquifers.
 The greatest advantage of this material is that it eliminates the use of charcoal and
salt and does not shrink or crack with time.

Product Features:
 Based upon highly swelling bentonite

 Swells up to 20% of its volume
 Low Seepage rate
 High moisture retaining capacity
 High conducting property
 Non corrosive
 Non Toxic
Technical Specification:
 Colour: Light Grey

 Swelling Volume: 28 ml per 100 ml
 Dispersion rate: High
 Plate water absorption: 555%
 pH: 7-9
 Moisture content: 10-11 %
Chemical Analysis:
 Silica as SiO: 28 %- 43 %
 Alumina as Al2O3: 18 %- 32 %
 Iron as Fe2O3: 4 %- 11 %
 Calcium as CaO: 1 %- 3 %
 Carbon as C: 10 %- 14 %
 Copper as Cu: 3 %- 5 %
Note: The property of GIM largely depends on quality of water used. In hard water,
properties may differ.

BACKFILL COMPOUND
NEPA HAZARD RATING
4 Extreme
3 High
2 Moderate
1 Slight
0 Insignificant
1. Identification of the substance
Product Name: Ground Improving Material/ Back Fill Compound
Product Code: GIM/BFC
Nature of material: Granular Solid
2. Composition/ Information on Ingredients
Ingredients:
- Bentonite
- Hydrous Aluminium Silicates
- Graphite
- Conducting metal powders
- Bonding Resins
Note: Ground Improving material is enhanced, activates and chemically modified

homogenous mixture based upon Bentonite and is made suitable for earthing purpose in
order to increase the effectiveness of the earthing system.

3. Hazards Identification
Main Hazards: No Significant hazard
Minor Hazards: Combustible. Exposure limits (Dust): 10 mg/ m3 total dust; 4 mg/ m3
repairable dust
4. Exposure symptoms, first aid measures and remedies and Exposure control/
Personal protection
Body Part Symptoms Remedy Precautionary

measures
Skin contact There may be Wash the affected area using a mild Wear protective
mild irritation antiseptic detergent soap. clothing with
at the site of elasticized cuffs
contact and closed neck
while handling the
material.
Eye contact There may be Wash the eye with running water for 5 Encourage use of
irritation and minutes. Consult a doctor immediately Safety glasses with
redness. if problem persists. side shields.
Ingestion It is unlikely that
this substance
will be
swallowed due
to its physical
properties.
Inhalation There may be Remove the casualty from exposure, Do not create
irritation of the ensuring one’s own safety while doing dust.
throat with a so. use mask or other
feeling of protective device
tightness in the with particle filter.
chest.
Occupational
exposure limits
TWA (8 Hour
exposure limit): 4
mg/m3 Res Dust
STEL (15 min
exposure limit): 4
mg/m3 Res Dust

5. Handling and storage
Handling requirements: Do not use hook or any sharp object to handle. Use gloves and
mask while handling.
Storage conditions: Ensure sufficient ventilation of the storage area. Avoid the
formation or spread of dust in the air. Store in cool, well ventilated area.
Environmental precautions: Do not discharge into drains or rivers.
6. Physical properties
State: Solid powder 75 mesh
Colour: Light Grey
Odour: Odourless
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Viscosity: Non-viscous
Relative density: 1890-1990 kg/m3
7. Stability and reactivity
Stability: Stable under normal conditions.
Conditions to avoid: Sources of ignition.
Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous decomposed products: In case of combustion, emits toxic fumes of carbon

dioxide/ carbon monoxide.
8. Ecological Information:
Mobility: Non-volatile. Insoluble in water Heavier than water
Persistence and degradability: No data available
Bio accumulative potential: No data available
Persistence and degradability: No data
Other hazards: Negligible eco toxicity
Legal Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport
to be inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. We shall not be held liable for any
damages resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.
Comparative study of Salt and Charcoal used in Conventional Earthing against
Backfill Compound used in Advance Maintenance Free Chemical Earthing
SALT AND CHARCOAL BACK FILL COMPOUND
Salt along with Moisture is a highly corrosive We use naturally occuring substances which
mixture and reduces the life of the electrode do not corrode the electrode inspite of
considerably. moisture.
Needs constant moisture recharge for The substance is hygroscopic, holds water up
normal functioning. to 2 times its’ own weight. Hence eliminates
water recharge to a great extent.
Salt gets washed away with addition of Forms a gel, which acts as a barrier to
surplus moisture, thus reduces the prevent additives from being washed away,
effectiveness of the system. hence maintains the effectiveness of the
system.
The mixture contains air gaps when poured The compound swells to the extent of 23%
in the pit for installation and have loose of its’ volume and eliminates air gaps.
formation thus leading to low conductivity.
Frequent maintenance in terms of water There is no maintenance required in terms

addition and salt addition is required. of additives. Compound retains moisture
and required lesser water recharge.
The salt percolates into ground due to high It provides a sheathing effect around the
water solubility. electrode due to gel formation ability and
does not get dispersed in ground.
Efficiency is not maintained over a long Back Fill Compound maintains constant
period of time. efficiency for life time of the earthing.
Salt and Charcoal can easily react with other Bentonite, used in compound is non toxic,
chemicals dissolved in soil leading to non reactive, non explosive and non
corrosion. corrosive, thermally stable.
Comparative study of Conventional Earthing against Pipe type Advance

Maintenance Free Chemical Earthing
PIPE TYPE ADVANCE MAINTENANCE FREE
TRADITIONAL EARTHING SYSTEM
CHEMICAL EARTHING SYSTEM
Only one C.I/ G.I. pipe of particular diameter There are two pipes, one inside another. i.e.
is used. Pipe in Pipe technology.
Here the inner pipe is sorrounded by non

The earth electrode is in direct contact with corrosive, highly conductive material. Here
the soil, thus gets rusted in few years. the life of the rod is enhanced as it is not in
direct contact with soil.
Liable to faster corrosion and hence lesser Scientifically designed to make it corrosion
conductivity. resistant and highly conductive.
Fluctuations of Ohmic value results in

It has been proved at many sites that ohmic
frequent maintenance of gadgets/ machines
values of PIP remains constant.
and may endanger human life too.
Since electrode is sorrounded by highly

Distribution of fault current is lesser due to
conductive and homogenous material,
heterogenous mixture of salt and charcoal,
charge dissipation through the electrode is
which also differs from pit to pit. Therefore
very high and the current density across the
it generates high potential at the pit which
electrode is very low, resulting in very high
results in low fault current in comparison to
fault current, sufficient to trip the fault
required tripping circuit of fault protection.
relays.
Galvanization is not adequate as normal Coating whether copper or galvanization is

water pipes are used. 250 microns.

Practically no need to change due to long
Need to be changed frequently.
shell life of 15 years.
There is not much variation in Ohmic values

The corrosion leads to high resistances, one
due to very less corrosion over the period of
gets high ohmic values.
time.
The Back fill compound is not soluble in

Salt used will be washed away in rainy
water and it becomes the part of soil around
seasons and will result in high ohmic values.
the electrode.
It requires a larger space and time to install It requires less space, time and cost to install
the earthing electrode. the earthing electrode.
The technology is outdated and does not The technology is modern and comes at
provide additional benefits. competitive costs.
Wall thickess of 3.2 mm or 3.6 mm provides

Wall Thickness of the pipe varies as ordinary
adequate mechanical strength during the
water pipes are used.
time of fault current.
The cross section area is more than

There is no standardization as the material sufficient, and the wall thickness ensures
used are of varying nature and properties. fault current is carried even after outer pipe
corrodes.

Excerpts from IS: 3043
3043: 1987 Description Our Comments
8.1 The resistance to earth of a given electrode We advise and recommend
depends upon the electrical resistivity of the soil testing prior to earthing
soil in which it is installed. This factor is finalization to use the soil
therefore important in deciding which of conditions to best of means
many protective systems to adopt. While to get optimum resistivity.
the fundamental nature and properties of a
soil in a given area cannot be changed, use
can be made of purely local conditions in
choosing suitable electrode sites and
method of preparing the site selected to
secure optimum resistivity.
8.1.1 Earth conductivity is, however essentially Our BACK FILL COMPOUND
electrolytic in nature and is affected by the maintains adequate
moisture content of the soil and by the moisture percentage and
chemical composition and concentration of takes care of all these
salts dissolved in the contained water. Grain aspects and astonishingly
size and distribution, and closeness of provides very good
packing are also contributory factors since conductivity.
they control the manner in which the
moisture is held in soil.
8.3 A site should be chosen that is not naturally The even mixture of our
well drained. A water logged situation is not BACK FILL COMPOUND
however, essential unless the soil is sands or maintains adequate
gravels as in general no advantage result moisture and takes care of
from an increase in moisture content above all these aspects.
about 20 %. The abundance of water will
not provide the soil with additional
conductivity. The value of high moisture in
the soil will increase solubility of natural
elements which are artificially introduced to
improve soil conductivity.
8.5 If a greater degree of permanence is We provide enhanced, pH
envisaged, earth electrodes packed in balanced and chemically
material such as BENTONITE are preferable. activated BENTONITE
Bentonites or similar material may be used modified for grounding
to advantage rocky terrain. Where holes are purpose, as back fill
bored for insertion of vertical electrodes or compound with our
where strip electrodes are laid radically electrode.
under shallow areas of low resistivity
overlaying rocky strata, Bentonite packing
will increase the contact efficiency with the
general mass of ground.
8.6 At above 20 % moisture the resistivity is Our back fill compound is
very little affected while below 20 % , the Highly hygroscopic in
resistivity increases very abruptly. The nature and has a capacity to
normal moisture content of soils range from retain moisture up to 20
10 % in dry seasons to 35 % in wet seasons times of its volume. Due to
and an approximate average may be this property the moisture
perhaps 16-18 %. % is maintained during dry
seasons.
8.8.1 Approximately 90 % of the resistance Our back fill compounds
between a driven rod and earth lies within a filled in vicinity if earthing
radius of about 2 meters from the rod. This rods is highly conductive in
should be kept in mind when applying the nature and that helps in
agents for artificial treatment. lowering earth resistivity.
8.8.3 The artificial treatment may be effective We wholly support this and
over a period of many years. However it is base our earthing system
recommended that annual or bi-annual on this fact.
measurements of earth resistivity should be
made.
9.1.1 To obtain a low overall resistance the Our earthing system is
current density should be as low as possible constructed out with
in the medium adjacent to the electrode compliance to dimensions
which should be so designed as to cause the specified in INDIAN
current density to decrease rapidly with STANDARDS for best
distance from the electrode. This possible results.
requirement is made by making the
dimension in one direction large compared
with those in the other two. Thus a pipe or
a rod has much lower resistance compared
than a plate of equal surface area.
9.2.1 The use of coke breeze as an infill We have eliminated the use
compound is not recommended. It may of charcoal/ coke and salt.
result in rapid corrosion not only of
electrode but also cable sheaths which may
be bonded.
9.2.1 It is apparent that the resistance diminishes We provide electrodes if 3
rapidly with the first few feet of driving, Meter length to fulfil this.
but less so at depths greater than 2 to 3
meter in soil of uniform resistivity.
9.2.1 Pipes may be of Cast Iron of not less than We use from 38 mm dia to
100 mm diameter, 2.5 to 3 meter long and 50 mm dia pipe as per
13 mm thick. Such pipes cannot be driven requirements set by INDIAN
satisfactorily and may, therefore be more STANDARDS 3043:1983.
expensive to install than plates for the same
effective area. Alternatively, mild steel
water-pipes of 38 to 50 mm diameter are
employed.
9.2.1 The current loading capacity of 1.2 m x 1.2 Our 50 mm diameter model
m plate is of the order of 1600 A for 2 is tested for 20 KA for 1
Seconds and 1300 A for 3 Seconds. second for short current
and 50 KA peak.
9.3 Although electrode material does not affect We use different types of
initial earth resistance, care should be taken HEAVY COATED pipes. Thus
to select a material that is resistance to life of our system exceeds
corrosion in the type of soil in which it will more than 10 years in
be used. normal soil conditions.
10.3 Long duration loading due to normal We recommend earthing
unbalance of the system will not cause system of appropriate
failure of earth electrode provided that the capacity, diameter and
current density at the electrode surface surface area as per
does not exceed 40 A/mm2 limitation to application.
values below this would generally be caused
by the necessity to secure a low resistance
earth.

Installation Procedure
Trench Installation:
1. Premix GIM/BFC into a slurry form. Use 5-7 Litres of clean potable water per bag of
GIM. Use a cement mixer or mix in a mining box or a wheelbarrow. Do not mix GIM
with hard water.
2. Spread out enough GIM to uniformly cover bottom of trench-about 1 inch deep.
3. Place conductor on top of GIM. (See note 1)
4. Spread more GIM on top of the conductor to completely cover conductor- about 1
inch deep. Allow GIM to harden. Wait for 30 minutes to one hour before filling the
trench with soil backfill.
5. Carefully cover the GIM with soil to a depth of about 4 inches, making sure not to
expose the conductor.
6. Tamp down the soil, and then fill in the trench.
Note 1: Wait for the GIM to harden, about 15-20 minutes, before placing the conductor
on the top of the GIM. You must apply 4 inches of insulating material to the conductors
and ground rods exiting the GIM, starting 2 inches inside the GIM.
Note 2: Excess standing water must be removed from trench.
Ground Rod Backfill Installation:
1. Auger a 5 Inch diameter hole with appropriate length (depending on length of

ground rod. Auger at least 6 inches more than the length of the rod).
2. Place ground rod into augered hole. The top of the ground rod must be
approximately 6 inches below ground level. At this moment, make any connections
to the ground rod, whether exothermic connection or using simple nut-bolts.
3. Premix GIM/BFC into a slurry form. Use 5-7 Litres of clean potable water per bag of
GIM. Use a cement mixer or mix in a mining box or a wheelbarrow. Do not mix GIM
with hard water.
4. Pour the appropriate amount of GIM around the ground rod. To ensure the GIM
material completely fills the hole, tamp around the ground rod with a pole or a stick.
Wait for about 30 minutes before filling the hole with soil backfill.
5. Fill remainder of the augered hole with soil removed during auguring.
6. Make sure the pit remains watered for first few days or a week.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Why is the pricing high for Chemical Earthing?
A section of iron pipe driven into the ground with a wire conductor connected from the pipe
to the electrical circuit will not always give a suitable low resistance path for electric current
to protect personnel and equipment. Our pipe technology has been developed after a
decade of experience and effort to match the present day of electric / electronic
environment. It gives very low earth resistance value to match the sensitive electronic
equipment, unlike the conventional system. It gives the customer the value for money as
our system is corrosion resistant, maintenance free and lasts over years. A cost comparison
shows that over a period of 15 plus years, the maintenance cost of a conventional system
will be three times more than the one time cost of our Electrode Earthing System. We have
proven track record that ours is a more superior alternative to the conventional GI Pipe
Earthing and Plate Earthing. Considering all these aspects, the cost is not at all high, in fact if
it is compared to conventional methods of earthing.
Why ISI marking is not on the product?
Except for the mild steel pipes used in the manufacturing process, there is no BIS mark for
any Chemical Maintenance Free Earthing electrodes. We follow the Code of Practice for
Earthing as stipulated by INDIAN STANDARD in IS 3043 - 1987. However we use ISI marked
MS pipes for making of earthing electrodes.
What material you are using inside the Earthing pipe and in backfill compound material?
We fill crystalline conductive mixture inside the electrode, the ingredients of which are high
conductive and corrosion resistant minerals. The backfill compound, which is hygroscopic by
nature, consists of a mixture of minerals and soil friendly chemicals. Laboratory tests have
shown that it can retain moisture 25 times its dry volume and enhance the area of
conductivity around the electrode.
What shall be the earth resistance value?
Please bear in mind that soil differs from place to place even in a small area. The type of soil
determines the resistivity. Therefore, the earth resistance value of any given Earthing
electrode will depend upon the soil resistivity of the area where the electrode is installed.
The advantage of our electrode is that if the conventional Earthing shows a value of 3 ohms,
ours will show a much lower value, and the value will come down over a period of three
weeks, by which time the system sets itself.

How long will it take to install this earthing?
This new method of earthing is very simple and fast to install compared to conventional
earthing. Our service team is capable enough to install 8-10 earthing electrodes in a single
day.
Why don’t we get lower resistance values?
Refer to the section, factors affecting soil resistivity. Soil conditions vary from place to place
and depend on climatic factors, constitution of the soil and the contamination. One needs to
take precaution while installing earthing pipes/ rods. Back fill compound must be poured in
form of slurry in the earth pits. In case of rocky terrains, construction site with debris and
other contaminated site, it is recommended to conduct a soil resistivity test before deriving
the proper earthing system. It is also recommended to dig deep in such soil conditions to
lower the resistivity.
Why we install such heavy electrodes when earthing can be done by thinner wire also?
Soil corrodes the metal parts. A thin wire will get corroded easily in a span of few weeks.
Secondly, the wire or a thin metallic rod is capable to withstand the high fault current. We
recommend the thickness of the earthing electrode based on the calculations of the fault
current.

Sarvayogam Corp
15 GHB Colony, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad
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Our Team
Mr. Shrikant Iyer
(Proprietor)
M: +91-9825316469
Mr. N. Venkatraman Iyer
M: +91-9825306469
(Sales & Marketing)
Mr. Narayan Das
(Sales & Marketing- Goa)
Mr. Adarsh Awasthi
(Sales & Marketing- Mumbai & Maharashtra)

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Sarvayogam Corp

ADVANCE EARTHING SOLUTION & EARLY STREAMER EMISSION

EARTHING PRODUCT CATALOG AND

Sarvayogam Corp has been a name to reckon for

Having been into supply of earthing since our

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Each of our processes undergoes an evaluation based on a quality checklist. In terms of

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For any further information or feedback, please write to us over

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“Earthing” may be described as a system of electrical connections to the general mass of

The earthing of an electrical installation has two

NEED FOR SUPERIOR EARTHING

Times have witnessed the emergence of sensitive equipments and electronic

THE FOLLOWING FACTORS AFFECT SOIL RESISTIVITY

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2. Measuring Soil Resistivity

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Four-terminal test instruments.

Where p = apparent soil resistivity

R = resistance value in Ohms (as indicated on the

EARTH ROD LENGTH MORE IMPORTANT THAN DIAMETER

Apart from considerations of mechanical strength, there is little advantage to be gained

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USE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHING ELECTRODES

STEEL CORE RODS

COPPER V/S STEEL

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1. Pipe in Pipe type earthing system

Salient Features of Earthing Systems:

 Maintenance Free: No need to add water in regular intervals as

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Model Lug Cross External Internal KA Suggested Suggested

1. Materials Available: Copper Bonded, Galvanized, Stainless Steel (SS 304)

2. Solid Rod type Advance Maintenance Free Earthing System:

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Salient features of “Sarvayogam” make Copper Bonded Solid rods

 Certified by ERDA, Vadodara; ERDA is accredited by NABL.

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Advantages of Back Fill Compound

1. Maintains moisture near the influence of the earthrod.

Back Fill Compound Technical Data Sheet

 Highly swelling Bentonite based specially formulated compound.

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 Based upon highly swelling bentonite

 Colour: Light Grey

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NEPA HAZARD RATING

1. Identification of the substance

Product Name: Ground Improving Material/ Back Fill Compound

Product Code: GIM/BFC

Nature of material: Granular Solid

2. Composition/ Information on Ingredients

Note: Ground Improving material is enhanced, activates and chemically modified

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Main Hazards: No Significant hazard

Body Part Symptoms Remedy Precautionary

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Environmental precautions: Do not discharge into drains or rivers.

State: Solid powder 75 mesh