The energy levels of a single harmonic oscillator is

� 1�
e n = �n + � hw
� 2�
The allowed energies of each oscillator are,
1 3 5
e n = hw , hw , hw.....................
2 2 2
The partition function is given by
Z = �e - b E ( s )
s
�1 � �3 � �5 � �7 �
- b � hw � - b � hw � - b � hw � - b � hw �
=e �2 �
+e �2 �
+e �2 �
+e �2 �
+ ...
�1 �
- b � hw � � �- b � 1 3
� hw �� �- b � hw �� �- b � hw ��
1 � �1 � �1 �
2
�
=e �2 � �
1+ �
e �2 ��+ � e �2 ��+ � e �2 ��+ .......�
� � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � �
�1 �
- b � hw �
�2 �
Let x = e , then
�1 �

(1+ x + x + ...)
- b � hw �
�2 � 2
Z= e
Use the following series expansion
1 x
= 1+
1- x 1- x
x2
= 1+ x +
1- x
x3
= 1 + x + x2 +
1- x
Use the above equation, the partiton function can be writte as follows,
� -b � 1 �
� hw � �
�2 �
�e �
Z =� �1 � �
- b � hw �
�
1
� - e �2 � �
�
Therefore this is proved.
1
Here, the constant parameter b = .
kT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b)
Average energy of n harmonic oscillator are,
1�
Z
E=-
b
Z�
�� - b � 1 �
� hw � ��
1 ��� e �2 �
��
=- �� �1 � � �
� �1 �
- b � hw � ��b� - b � hw �
�
�e �2 �
� ���
1 - e �2 � �
��
� -b � 1 �
� hw �
�
�
�1- e 2 �� �
�
�� �1 �
� �1 ��
�- b � hw ��
�
- b � hw �e �2 ��
�1 �
� hw �
�
�
�� �1 �� �
- b � hw ��1
�1
2 ��
�
� �
�2 � �
�
�
�2 �
� �
�
- b � hw �1- e � hw �
+e � �
�� �2 �� � �
�
�
�2 � �
�
1 �� e � �
�
�
=-
� -b �1 �
� hw � ��� � - b � hw ��
�1 �
2 �
�
�e �2 �
��� � 1 - e �2 �� �
�
� - b � hw � ��
1 � � � � �
�
� �
� � �
�
1- e �2 � � � � �
�
� �

�
� -b � 1 � ��
2
� ��
� hw ��
�
�1 - e �2 �
� � �� �1 �
- b � hw � ��
1 �
� � �� � 1+ e �2 � ��
�
= hw � � �
�1 �
�� 2 ��
2 � -b � hw �
�2 � �� �� - b � � hw ��
1 �
��
� e �� ��
�
1 - e �2 ��
� ��
� �� � ��
�� � �
1
= hw �
2 � (
1 + e - b ( hw ) �
� )
1
� 1 �
= hw � + b ( hw ) -1 �
2 e
� �
Therefore this is proved.