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MANIPAL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA

Test 1 – Solution

EKB 2063 MOMENTUM TRANSFER

Date: 29th March 2017 Duration: 1.5 hrs Total: 50 marks

1. Newtonian fluids, Non Newtonian fluids – Dilatant fluid, bingham plastic fluid, pseudo-
plastic fluid
1 mark

1 mark
1 mark
1 mark

Examples of different type of fluids: (1 mark each)

i. Newtonian fluid – water, air
ii. Bingham plastic fluid – sewage sludge, toothpaste
iii. Pseudoplastic fluid – rubber, starch
iv. Dilatant fluid – wet beach sand
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2.
Gauge pressure:
1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑝 = 55 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 55 𝑘𝑃𝑎 × 105 𝑃𝑎 = 0.55 𝑏𝑎𝑟 [1 mark]
𝑝 55 ×103
ℎ = 𝜌𝑔 = 9.81×1000 = 5.607 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 [2 marks]
𝑝 55 ×103
ℎ = 𝜌𝑔 = 9.81×13.6×1000 = 0.412 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 [2 marks]

Absolute pressure:
Barometer reading (atmospheric pressure) = 740 mm mercury
740×13.6
= = 10.06 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 [1 mark]
1000

Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure

𝑝𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 10.06 + 5.607 = 15.667 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 [2 marks]
𝑝𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 15.667 × 9.81 × 1000 = 15.37 𝑃𝑎 = 1.53 𝑏𝑎𝑟 [2 marks]
15.667
𝑝𝑎𝑏𝑠 = = 1.152 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 [2 marks]
13.6

3. The pressure heads in the left and right limbs below the datum line X-X are equal.

Pressure in the left limb below X-X:

𝑝𝐴 − 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (1000)(9.81)(2) − (1000)(9.81)(0.3) = 16 677 𝑃𝑎
2 marks

Pressure in the right limb below X-X:

𝑝𝐵 − 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝜌𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑔ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 𝑝𝐵 − (1000)(9.81)(0.1) − (800)(9.81)(0.15) = 𝑝𝐵 −
981 − 1177.2 2 marks
Equating two pressures:
16 677 𝑃𝑎 = 𝑝𝐵 − 981 − 1177.2 2 marks
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𝑝𝐵 = 18835.2 𝑃𝑎 = 18.84 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 marks

4. a) SG mercury = 13.6
𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 = 13.6 × 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 1 mark
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 755 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 = 𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 𝑔ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 = 13600 × 9.81 × 0.755 =
100729.08 𝑃𝑎 = 100.73 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 mark

𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 + 𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦 𝑔ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑦

100.73 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 + (13600)(9.81)(0.6) 2 marks
𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 (𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒) = 100729.08 − 80049.6 = 20679.48 𝑃𝑎 = 20.7 𝑘𝑃𝑎 2 marks

b) 𝐿 = 𝑃𝑎𝑖𝑟 + 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

= 20679.48 𝑃𝑎 + (1000)(9.81)(2) 2 marks
= 40299 𝑃𝑎 (absolute) 1 mark

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒

𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 = 40299 𝑃𝑎 − 100729.08 𝑃𝑎 = −60.38 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 mark
Gauge reading = 60.38 kPa (vacuum) 1 mark
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5.

1 mark

3 marks

3 marks

2 marks

1 mark
2 mark