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Philip V of Macedon
Philip  V (Greek: Φίλιππος; 238–
Philip V
179 BC) was King (Basileus) of the
ancient kingdom of Macedonia
from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign
was principally marked by an
unsuccessful struggle with the
emerging power of the Roman
Republic. Philip was attractive and
charismatic as a young man. A
dashing and courageous warrior, he
was inevitably compared to
Alexander the Great and was
Didrachm of Philip V of Macedon
nicknamed beloved  of  the  Hellenes
(ἐρώμενος τῶν Ἑλλήνων) because
Basileus of Macedonia
he became, as Polybius put it, Reign 221–179 BC
"...the beloved of the Hellenes for Predecessor Antigonus III Doson
his charitable inclination".[1][2][3][4]
Successor Perseus

Born 238 BC
Pella, Macedonia
Contents Died 179 BC (aged 59)
Early life Amphipolis,
Macedonia
The Social War
First Macedonian War Spouse Polycratia
Expansion in the Aegean Issue Perseus
Second Macedonian War Apame IV
Alliance with Rome Demetrius
Philippus
Final years

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Notes Greek Φίλιππος (Philippos)

References House Antigonid dynasty
Primary sources
Secondary sources Father Demetrius II
Aetolicus
External links
Mother Chryseis

Early life
The son of Demetrius II and
Chryseis, Philip was nine years old
at his father's death in 229 BC. He
had an elder paternal half sister
called Apame.[5] His cousin,
The Mediterranean world in 218 BC
Antigonus Doson, administered the
kingdom as regent until his death
in 221 BC when Philip was seventeen years old.

On his ascent to the throne, Philip quickly showed that while he was young,
this did not mean that Macedon was weak. In the first year of his rule, he
pushed back the Dardani and other tribes in the north of the kingdom.

The Social War
In the Social War (220–217 BC), the Hellenic League of Greek states was
assembled at Philip V’s instigation in Corinth. He then led the Hellenic League
in battles against Aetolia, Sparta and Elis. In this way he was able to increase
his own authority amongst his own ministers. His leadership during the Social
War made him well-known and respected both within his own kingdom and
abroad.

First Macedonian War

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After the Peace of Naupactus in 217 BC, Philip V tried to replace Roman
influence along the eastern shore of the Adriatic, forming alliances or lending
patronage to certain island and coastal provinces such as Lato on Crete. He
first tried to invade Illyria from the sea, but with limited success. His first
expedition in 216 BC had to be aborted, while he suffered the loss of his whole
fleet in a second expedition in 214 BC. A later expedition by land met with
greater success when he captured Lissus in 212 BC.

In 215 BC, he entered into a treaty with Hannibal, the Carthaginian general
then in the middle of an invasion of Roman Italy. Their treaty defined spheres
of operation and interest, but achieved little of substance or value for either
side. Philip became heavily involved in assisting and protecting his allies from
attacks from the Spartans, the Romans and their allies.

Rome's alliance with the Aetolian

League in 211 BC effectively
neutralised Philip's advantage on
land. The intervention of Attalus I
of Pergamum on the Roman side
further exposed Philip's position in
Macedonia. Philip was able to take
advantage of the withdrawal of
Attalus from the Greek mainland in
The ruins of Thermo capital of the
207 BC, along with Roman
Aetolian League, a town which was
inactivity and the increasing role of sacked by the army of Philip V.
Philopoemen, the strategos of the
Achaean League. Philip and his
troops sacked Thermum, the religious and political centre of Aetolia. His
troops destroyed 2,000 statues and hauled away vast sums of treasure which
included some fifteen thousand shields and suits of arms the Aetolians had
decorated their stoas with. These shields were the armor taken from the
enemies of the Aetolians during their previous military victories and included
the shields of the Gauls who had raided Greece in the 3rd century BC.[6] Philip
V took immense sums of gold and treasures and then burned down temples

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and public buildings of the Aetolians.[7] Philip was able to force the Aetolians
to accept his terms in 206 BC. The following year he was able to conclude the
Peace of Phoenice with Rome and its allies.

Expansion in the Aegean
Following an agreement with the Seleucid king Antiochus III to capture
Egyptian held territory from the boy king Ptolemy V, Philip was able to gain
control of Egyptian territory in the Aegean Sea and in Anatolia. This expansion
of Macedonian influence created alarm in a number of neighbouring states,
including Pergamum and Rhodes. Their navies clashed with Philip’s off Chios
and Lade (near Miletus) in 201 BC. At around the same time, the Romans were
finally the victors over Carthage.

Second Macedonian War
In 200 BC, with Carthage no longer
a threat, the Romans declared war
on Macedon, arguing that they
were intervening to protect the
freedom of the Greeks. After
campaigns in Macedonia in 199 BC
and Thessaly in 198 BC, Philip and
his Macedonian forces were
decisively defeated at the Battle of
Cynoscephalae in 197 BC. The war Kingdom of Macedon on the eve of
also proved the superiority of the the Second Macedonian War, c. 200
Roman legion over the Greek BC.
phalanx
formation.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Alliance with Rome

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The resulting peace treaty between Philip V and the Romans confined Philip to
Macedonia and required him to pay 1000 talents indemnity, surrender most of
his fleet and provide a number of hostages, including his younger son
Demetrius. After this, Philip cooperated with the Romans and sent help to
them in their fight against the Spartans under King Nabis in 195 BC. Philip also
supported the Romans against Antiochus III (192–189 BC).

In return for his help when Roman forces under Publius Cornelius Scipio
Africanus and his brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus moved through
Macedon and Thrace in 190 BC, the Romans forgave the remaining indemnity
that he had to pay and his son Demetrius was freed. Philip then focused on
consolidating power within Macedon. He reorganised the country's internal
affairs and finances, mines were reopened, and a new currency was issued.

Final years
However, Rome continued to be suspicious of Philip's intentions. Accusations
by Macedon's neighboring states, particularly Pergamon, led to constant
interference from Rome. Feeling the threat growing that Rome would invade
Macedon and remove him as king, he tried to extend his influence in the
Balkans by force and diplomacy. However, his efforts were undermined by the
pro-Roman policy of his younger son Demetrius, who was encouraged by
Rome to consider the possibility of succession ahead of his older brother,
Perseus. This eventually led to a quarrel between Perseus and Demetrius which
forced Philip to decide reluctantly to execute Demetrius for treason in 180 BC.
This decision had a severe impact on Philip's health and he died a year later at
Amphipolis.[17]

He was succeeded by his eldest son Perseus, who ruled as the last king of
Macedon.

Notes
1. Russell, Eugenia (2013). Literature and Culture in Late Byzantine
Thessalonica. A&C Black. p. xxvi. ISBN 9781441161772. "Philip V was

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indeed very charismatic and was notably called by Polybius the beloved of
Hellas: 'διότι κοινός τις οἱον ἐρώμενος ἐγένετο των Ἑλλήνων διὰ τὸ
της αἱρέσεως εὐεργετικόν' [that he became the beloved of all Hellenes
for his charitable inclination]"
2. Polybius, 7.12 (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plb.+7.12&f
romdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234), on Perseus
3. Polybius, 7.11.8 (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%
3Atext%3A1999.01.0233%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D11) (Greek text),
on Perseus
4. Shipley, p. 56.
5. http://www.livius.org/de-dh/demetrius/demetrius_ii.html
6. Mackil, Emily (2013). Creating a Common Polity: Religion, Economy, and
Politics in the Making of the Greek Koinon. University of California Press.
p. 214. ISBN 9780520953932. "When Philip V sacked Thermon in 218,
Polybios tells us that his army hauled away some fifteen thousand shields
that been laid up in the stoas. Although the number is surely exaggerated,
Polybios’s report suggests that the Aitolians had decorated their stoas with
armor taken from enemies, and Jean Bousquet is certainly correct to
surmise that at least some of these were Gallic shields taken as booty in
279. Yet the dedication of shields taken from defeated enemies appears to
have been a traditional privilege of the Aitolian strategos, and it would be
misleading to assume that all or even most of the dedicated armor at
Thermon was Gallic."
7. Vandenberg, Philipp (2007). Mysteries of the Oracles: The Last Secrets of
Antiquity. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 37. ISBN 9781845114022. "Philip V
of Macedonia, with whom the Epirotes were in league, exacted terrible
revenge for the Aetolian raid the following year. He razed Thermum, the
national shrine of the Aetolians and the meeting-place of the Aetolian
League, to the ground. Temples and public building were burned down
and more than two thousand votive statues were smashed; only statues of
the gods themselves were spared. The booty in money and gold was so
vast that Philip was able to rebuild his sacred city of Dion at the foot of
Olympus, and the Epirotes, the sacred precinct of Dodona, bigger and
better than before."
8. Lawrence Keppie, The Making of the Roman Army from Republic to
Empire, Barnes & Noble Inc., 1984. pp. 41–43
9. John Warry, Warfare in the Classical World, Barnes & Noble Inc., 1993.
pp. 124–25
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10. Sinnigen & Boak, A History of Rome to A.D. 565, 6th ed., MacMillan
Publishing Co. 1977. p. 121
11. Cook & Adcock & Charlesworth, editors, The Cambridge Ancient History,
Vol. VIII, Cambridge University Press, 1930. p. 175
12. H.M.D. Parker, The Roman Legions, Barnes & Noble Inc., 1993. p. 19
13. Arthur Cotterell, ed., The Penguin Encyclopedia of Ancient Civilizations,
Penguin Group, 1980. p. 233
14. Hammond & Scullard, editors, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd
edition, Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 809
15. R. Malcolm Errington, A History of Macedonia, Barnes & Noble, Inc.,
1990. p. 203
16. Peter Green, Alexander to Actium, University of California Press, 1993.
pp. 310–11
17. Polybius, Polybius (2014). Delphi Complete Works of Polybius
(Illustrated). Delphi Classics. p. 495. "Philip V. died at Amphipolis towards
the end of B.C. 179."

References

Primary sources
Polybius, Histories (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.
+1.1), Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New York. Macmillan
(1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).

Secondary sources
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public
domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Philip V., king of Macedonia".
Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (1964)
The Oxford History of the Classical World (1995)
The Oxford Who's Who in the Classical World (2000)
Shipley, Graham (2008). "Approaching the Macedonian Peloponnese" (htt
ps://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/7696/5/Shipley%202008%20Mac%20Pel%
20in%20Tours%20vol%20007Shipley2..pdf) (PDF). Ausonius études.

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Bordeaux/Paris: Ausonius/De Boccard. 21: 53–68. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

External links
Philip V (http://virtualreligion.net/iho/philip_5.html) entry in historical
sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

Philip V of Macedon
Antigonid dynasty
Born: 238 BC  Died: 179 BC

Preceded by
King of Macedon Succeeded by
Antigonus III
221–179 BC Perseus
Doson

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