Index

abortion, 8, 241, 243–63, 282 Benatar, David, 7, 237, 241

and euthanasia, 251–52 Benner, Steven, 18
extreme views of, 245–46 Bennett, Jonathan, 298
moderate views of, 244–45 Bernat, James, 96
and neo-Lockean persons, 243–63 bioconservativism, 215, 223
and potentiality account, 246, 256–59 Boden, Margaret, 13
and reprogramming objection, Boonin, David, 244
259–61 Boorse, Christopher, 299
and rights, 246, 250, 259 Bourne, Craig, 54
aiding others, 300–14 Braddock, G., 146
and directed versus undirected Bradley, Ben, 53, 54, 149, 152, 154, 160,
duties, 302 164, 196, 320
and duty of justice versus brain view, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41
benevolence, 304 Brake, E., 242
and imperfect duties, 301–14 Brandt, Richard, 117
Alexander of Aphrodisias, 130 Broome, John, 58, 163
animalism, 2, 31–45, 72, 91 Brown, Jessica, 61
animals Brueckner, Anthony, 180
death not bad for, 320 Buchanan, Allen, 222
killing of not wrong, 254 Burley, M., 180, 241
and meaninglessness, 198 Bykvist, Krister, 158, 160, 164
and species extinction, 316–29
unable to think, 45 Cairns-Smith, A. G., 14, 21
Annas, Julia, 131 Callahan, Joan, 196
Aristotle, 36, 120, 126, 130, 207 Campbell, T., 37, 46
asymmetrists, 6, 166, 168, 169, 175, 179 Camus, Albert, 208
atemporalism, 5, 149, 150, 151, 153–63 Chadwick, Ruth, 240
Chisholm, Roderick, 113
Bagley, R., 15 Cleland, Carol, 14, 19
Baier, Kurt, 202 Collins, John, 61
Baker, L. R., 41, 46, 97 Conly, S., 240
Bartlett, Edward, 97 Cottingham, J., 209
Becker, Lawrence, 96, 97 counterfactual intervener, 138–45
Beckwith, Francis, 245 Craig, William, 210
Belliotti, Raymond, 196 Crick, Francis, 15
Belshaw, Chris, 179, 180 Crisp, Roger, 117

348

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 Index 349

Dancy, Jonathan, 315 Epicurus, 118–30, 131, 133, 137, 139, 145,
Daniels, Norman, 228 149–58, 165–79, 209
de Grey, Aubrey, 226 Escobar, Jorge, 15
death euthanasia, see abortion; suicide
biological conception of, 88 existence requirement, 133–48, 167
cardiopulmonary standard of, 3, 80, experience machine, 105, 110, 206
81–87, 93–95 experience requirement, 5, 92, 136, 145,
and constitutionalism, 91 186, 187, 188, 197
higher-brain standard of, 3, 80, 87–93 extinction, species, 9, 216, 238, 316–29
and integrated bodiliy and frustrated preferences, 319, 324
functioning, 82–84 and welfare, 319–21, 324
irreversibility of, 82–83 and what we owe, 317–18, 323
and irreversible coma, 82, 88, 89
and irreversible loss of consciousness, Farmer, D., 14, 16
81, 87–93 Feinberg, Joel, 135, 196, 236
and mind essentialism, 89–91 Feit, Neil, 161
organismic dei nition of, 82 Feldman, Fred, 101, 117, 148, 150, 180
and persistent vegetative state, 81, 88 Fischer, John Martin, 180
and person essentialism, 88–92 Foot, Philippa, 290
and prudential value, 91–93 Ford, Norman, 245
and the timing problem, 149–58 Frankfurt, Harry, 138
and Uniform Determination of Frowe, Helen, 299
Death Act, 84, 96 Fukuyama, Francis, 222, 227
whole-brain standard of, 3, 80, functioning-brain view, 42, 43, 44,
81–87, 97 46, 90
and work of organism, 85
Dennett, Dan, 21 Gallois, A., 180
Descartes, René, 20, 35, 45 Gallup, G., 329
Diogenes, Laertius, 131 Gánti, Tibor, 16, 20
Doggett, Tyler, 287 Gautama, 209
Donagan, Alan, 280 Goldschmidt, V., 128
Dorsey, D., 158, 160, 164 goods
Douglas, Thomas, 223 external versus internal, 124, 229
dualism fundamental, 320
mind–life, 33, 35 global, 200
substance, 35, 43–45, 89 higher, 206
Dupré, John, 20 intrinsic, 13, 114, 123, 125, 150, 153,
157, 229, 275, 281
Edwards, Paul, 208 objective, 184
Emmeche, C., 21 overall, 150
endorsement constraint, 187 and summativity, 113, 121, 205
Engelhardt, Tristan, 97 temporal location of, 168
enhancement see also welfare or well-being
consistency test of, 217 Green, Michael, 97
and improving humanity, 216–17 Greenspan, Patricia, 315
means of, 217–21 Griffin, James, 97
and morality, 223, 227 Grover, Dorothy, 196
natural versus artiicial, 219
and target capacities, 221–24 Hadot, P., 128
entropy, 15, 82 Haji, I., 180

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 350 Index

Harman, Elizabeth, 236 borderline cases of, 20, 26

Harris, John, 218, 224 cluster conception of, 17, 18
Heatherington, Stephen, 146 consumer perspective on, 275
hedonism, 4, 108–13, 127, 154, 205, 274 degrees of, 21
see also welfare or well-being extraterrestrial, 22, 254
Heidegger, Martin, 212 Gánti’s eight hallmarks of, 24
Hershenov, David, 149, 152 meaning of, 6, 198–212
Hohfeld, Wesley, 314 minimal system of, 23
homeostasis, 16, 86 obituary-writers perspective on, 276
Hooker, Brad, 280 PMC model of, 22, 23
Howard-Snyder, Frances, 298 life-plans, 126–27, 131, 191, 199
Hudson, H., 39, 46 Lipson, H., 14
Hull, D., 329 living world, 16
Hurka, Thomas, 102 Locke, John, 8, 30, 32, 34, 71, 249
Husserl, Edmund, 212 Luisi, Pier, 14, 22
Huxley, Aldous, 222 Luper, Steven, 51, 121, 122, 131, 149,
152, 153, 155, 160, 161, 163, 179,
immortality, 4, 211 196

Jackman, Henry, 61 McDaniel, Kris, 154

Johansson, Jens, 159, 163, 179, 180 Machery, Edouard, 18
Johnston, M., 37 McInerney, Peter, 248
Joyce, G. F., 15 MacIntyre, Alasdair, 126, 131, 229
McMahan, Jeff, 37, 46, 97, 137, 235, 284,
Kamm, Frances, 171, 179, 180, 287, 314 293–95, 296, 298, 315
Kant, Immanuel, 8, 264, 271–74, 276 Markosian, Ned, 48
Kates, C. A., 241 Marquis, Don, 246–63
Kaufman, Fred, 179, 180 Maturana, H., 15
Kaufman, Whitley, 298 Maynard Smith, J., 14, 15, 16, 20
Keller, Evelyn, 18 Mayr, E., 16
killing meaning
in self-defense, 283–97 and absurdity, 208–12
versus letting die, 278, 282–83, 286 and achievements, 198–201
see also abortion; extinction, species and identity, 203–05
and suicide and purpose, 201–03
Koshland, D. E., 16 transcendent, 212
Kramer, M., 314 and welfare, 205–08
Kramer, Peter, 67 Merricks, Trenton, 54
Kumar, R., 236 Metz, Theodore, 207
Küppers, B. O., 15 Mill, John Stuart, 117, 206, 207, 281
Kurzweil, Ray, 225, 226, 227 Mitsis, Philip, 180
Moller, D., 180
Langer, Richard, 244 Monod, J., 15
Lee, Patrick, 245 Moore, G. E., 113, 275, 281
Levenbook, Barbara, 196 Moreland, J. P., 245
Lewis, David, 48, 56, 299
life Nagel, Thomas, 134, 146, 148, 179, 196,
Aristotelian versus Cartesian 208, 232
approach to, 20 narrative unity, 126, 131, 276
author’s persective on, 276 neo-Lockean persons, 8, 72, 243–63

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 Index 351

Noonan, H., 46 and noncomparative harm, 235

Nozick, Robert, 179, 206, 268, 280 and nonidentity problem, 233–36
right to, 239
objective list theory, 4, 113–16, 281 Puccetti, R., 46
see also welfare or well-being
Olson, Eric, 79, 97, 163 Qoheleth, 208
O’Neill, Onora, 236 question of personal ontology, 31, 32
Otsuka, Michael, 288–93 Quinn, P., 201
Quinn, Warren, 315
Pace, Norman, 18 Quong, Jonathan, 299
Pallis, Christopher, 97
Parit, Derek, 42, 65, 76, 113, 115, 116, Rae, Scott, 245
179, 180, 233 Rasmussen, S., 22, 23
Partridge, Ernest, 196 Rawls, John, 131
Paske, Gerald, 248, 254 Ray, T. S., 16
Pennock, Robert, 17 Raz, Joseph, 180, 315
personal identity Regan, Donald, 329
and alienation, 68–70, 74, 75 remnant-person problem, 36, 38, 43, 46
and identiication, 68–70, 74 requiring force versus justifying
malleability of, 64–79 force, 308
and nonidentity problem, 233–36 Robertson, John, 239
psychological v. biological Rolston, Holmes, 329
accounts, 70–74 Rosen, R., 15
and teletransportation, 72, 76–79 Rosenbaum, Stephen, 136, 179
thick notion of, 174, 178, 180 Ross, W. D., 114
thin notion of, 176 Routley, R., 329
personhood question, 30, 31 Ruiz-Mirazo, K., 14, 15
Persson, Ingmar, 180, 223
Pettigrove, G., 179, 180 Sagan, Carl, 14
Pitcher, George, 149, 155, 196 Sagre, D., 24
Plotinus, 4, 118, 119–22, 126, 128, 129, Sartre, Jean-Paul, 212
130, 131 Savulescu, Julian, 219, 223
Pollack, J. B., 14 Scanlon, Tim, 102
Portmore, Douglas, 197 Schaffer, Jonathan, 299
posthumous harm, 6, 52–56, 61, 149–58, Schiffrin, S., 236
181–96 Schrödinger, E., 15
see also time Schwartz, Stephen, 245
Poundstone, W., 14 self-defense
preferentism or the desire-satisfaction and asymmetry problem, 284
theory, 4, 92, 103–08, 116, 130, 154, and Falling Man argument, 286–93
197, 199 and rights forfeit account,
see also welfare or well-being 284–86, 287
Principle of Alternative simple view of, 283–84
Possibilities, 138 and trolley cases, 286–95, 299
Prior, A. N., 54, 180 self-respect, 8, 273, 280
priorism, 5, 149, 150, 151, 153–63, 164 Shewmon, Alan, 97
see also death: and the timing Shoemaker, S., 46
problem Sider, Ted, 55
procreation Silverstein, Harry, 53
duty of, 238 Simon, J. R., 180

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