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Apparent resistance
For a more accurate measurement,
the resistance of the voltmeter must
be taken into account (Loading effect).
Actual resistance
Loading effect of a voltmeter
• If voltmeter resistance is not high enough,
• the measured resistance will be less than
actual resistance
• Since the insertion of test instrument into
the circuit causes measurement error
• The difference between circuit performance
with and without voltmeter in the circuit is
called
• Loading effect of voltmeter
What is loading effect of a voltmeter?
Neglecting Considering
Loading effect Loading effect
of voltmeter of voltmeter
Actual
resistance
Minimizing Loading effect of a voltmeter
and
Measurement of High Resistances
Using ohmmeter
Principle of operation
b) Actual resistance
ohm/volt
ohm/A