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Train The Trainer

Latvia 2017
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OSPF
Special Area
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Ahmad Rosid Komarudin


Indonesian

Trainer at ID-Networkers (idn.id)

MTCNA, MTCWE, MTCRE, MTCUME,


MTCINE

ahmadrosid30121997@gmail.com

trainingmikrotik.com

+6285 646 504 140


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Objective
• What is OSPF?
• What is area in OSPF?
• What is LSA?
• Why we need special area?
• How special area work?
• How to configure special area OSPF?
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What is OSPF?
• Open Shortest Path First is one of Interior Gateway Protocol,
OSPF uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm.

Distance Vector Link State


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Distance vector vs link state


R1 R2 R3
12.12.12.0/24 23.23.23.0/24 10.10.10.0/24

.1 .2 .2 .3

Distance Vector Link State

• (R1) I don't know where is • (R1) I know that 10.10.10.0/24 is


10.10.10.0/24, but i know which in the behind of R3
way must be used to reach it
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Advantage & Disadvantage


• Imposible to get routing loop, since link state routing protocol will
have a complete map of the network

• Need more CPU intensive than a distance vector routing protocol.


What is area?
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• Why we need area concept?

Backbone high

high high

high

low low low

low low low


What is area? 9

• Why we need area concept?

Backbone high

high high

high

low low low

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3


low low low
router type
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• Internal Router (IR) -> all of interface in the same area


• Backbone Router (BR) -> at least one interface in the backbone area
• Area Border Router (ABR) -> connecting different area
• AS Boundary Router (ASBR) -> connecting ospf with external network

Backbone Area 1
R1 R2 R3 R4

RIP
BR BR BR IR
ASBR IR ABR
quiz
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RIP
Ra Rb

R1

Backbone
BR
R2 ASBR R3

Area 1 Area 2 BR
BR
ABR
ABR
R6 R5 R4

IR IR IR
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What is LSA?
• Information that used by OSPF to build a routing table
• There are 6 type of LSA
 LSA Type 1 (Router LSA)
 LSA Type 2 (Network LSA)
 LSA Type 3 (Summary Network LSA)
 LSA Type 4 (Summary ASBR LSA)
 LSA Type 5 (AS External LSA)
 LSA Type 7 (Not So Stubby LSA)
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example of lsa
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LSA Type 1 (router lsa)


• Each router will create one LSA Type 1
• Flood within area, not flooded to other area
• Bring the information about directly connected network
• LSA ID will be router-id of each router
• Originator will be router-id of each router
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LSA Type 1 (router lsa)


RIP Backbone Area 1
R1 R2 R3

12.12.12.1/24 12.12.12.2/24 23.23.23.2/24 23.23.23.3/24


192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3

Area LSA Type LSA ID Originator


Area 1 Router LSA 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2
Area 1 Router LSA 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3
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LSA Type 2 (NETWORk lsa)


• Created by DR in the multi-access network
• Flood within area, not flooded to other area
• Bring the information about routers in one multiaccess network
• LSA ID will be ip address of DR
• Originator will be router-id of DR
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LSA Type 2 (network lsa)


RIP Backbone Area 1
R1 R2 R3
12.12.12.1/24 12.12.12.2/24 23.23.23.2/24 23.23.23.3/24
192.168.1.1/24 DR
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3

Area LSA Type LSA ID Originator


Area 1 Network LSA 23.23.23.3 3.3.3.3
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LSA Type 3 (sum nETWORk lsa)


• Created by ABR
• Flood to other area
• Bring the information network in the other area
• LSA ID will be ip network of network in other area
• 12.12.12.0/24 -> 12.12.12.0
• Originator will be router-id of ABR
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LSA Type 3 (sum network lsa)


• Note : R1 & R2 advertise their loopback ip to backbone area

RIP Backbone Area 1


R1 R2 R3
12.12.12.1/24 12.12.12.2/24 23.23.23.2/24 23.23.23.3/24
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24
192.168.3.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3

Area LSA Type LSA ID Originator


Area 1 Summary Network LSA 12.12.12.0 2.2.2.2
Area 1 Summary Network LSA 192.168.2.0 2.2.2.2
Area 1 Summary Network LSA 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
Area 1 Summary Network LSA 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2
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LSA Type 4 (sum asbr)


• Created by Area Border Router
• Flood to other area
• Bring the information about ASBR
• LSA ID will be router id of ASBR
• Originator will be router-id of ABR
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LSA Type 4 (sum ASBR)


RIP Backbone Area 1
R1 R2 R3
12.12.12.1/24 12.12.12.2/24 23.23.23.2/24 23.23.23.3/24
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24
192.168.3.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3

Area LSA Type LSA ID Originator


Area 1 Summary ASBR 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
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LSA Type 5 (AS External)


• Created by Autonomous System Boundary Router
• Bring the information about network in the external network
• LSA ID will be ip network of network in external
• 192.168.1.0/24 -> 192.168.1.0
• Originator will be router-id of ASBR
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LSA Type 5 (as external)


RIP Backbone Area 1
R1 R2 R3
12.12.12.1/24 12.12.12.2/24 23.23.23.2/24 23.23.23.3/24
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24
192.168.3.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3

Area LSA Type LSA ID Originator


Area 1 AS External 192.168.1.0 1.1.1.1

quiz
Note : R1 & R2 advertise their loopback ip to backbone area
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RIP Backbone Area 1


R1 R2 R3 R4
12.12.12.0/24 .2 23.23.23.0/24 .3 .3 34.34.34.0/24 .4
.1 .2
192.168.1.1/24 DR DR
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24 192.168.4.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4

Area LSA Type LSA ID Originator


Area 1 router LSA 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2
Area 1 router LSA 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3
Area 1 router LSA 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4
Area 1 network LSA 23.23.23.3 3.3.3.3
Area 1 network LSA 34.34.34.4 4.4.4.4
Area 1 summary network LSA 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
Area 1 summary network LSA 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2
Area 1 summary network LSA 12.12.12.0 2.2.2.2
Area 1 summary network LSA 192.168.2.0 2.2.2.2
Area 1 summary asbr 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
Area 1 AS External 192.168.1.0 1.1.1.1
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OSPF routes
• Intra Area Route
-> The network is in the same area, created by LSA Type 1
• Inter Area Route
-> The network is in the other area, created by LSA Type 3
• External Route
-> The network is in the external network, created by LSA Type 5
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OSPF Special Area


• Stub Area
• Totally Stub Area
• Not So Stubby Area
• Totally Not So Stubby Area
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Why Special Area?


• Standard Area

LSA Type x

RIP Backbone Area 1


R1 R2 R3 R4
12.12.12.0/24 .2 23.23.23.0/24 .3 .3 34.34.34.0/24 .4
.1 .2
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24 192.168.4.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
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Why Special Area?


• Stub Area

LSA Type x

RIP Backbone Stub Area 1


R1 R2 R3 R4
12.12.12.0/24 .2 23.23.23.0/24 .3 .3 34.34.34.0/24 .4
.1 .2
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24 192.168.4.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
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Why Special Area?


• Totally Stub Area

LSA Type x

RIP Backbone Totally Stub Area 1


R1 R2 R3 R4
12.12.12.0/24 .2 23.23.23.0/24 .3 .3 34.34.34.0/24 .4
.1 .2
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24 192.168.4.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
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The comparison
Standard Stub

Totally Stub
• Router -> LSA Type 1
• Network -> LSA Type 2
• Summary Network -> LSA Type 3
• Summary Asbr -> LSA Type 4
• AS External -> LSA Type 5
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When we must use Stub/totally?


• When we have many routers in our network
• When our router has low resource of CPU, Memory, Drive
• When our area is not transit area

RIP Backbone Area 1 Area 2


R1 R2 R3 R4
12.12.12.0/24 .2 23.23.23.0/24 .3 .3 34.34.34.0/24 .4
.1 .2
192.168.1.1/24
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.3.1/24 192.168.4.1/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4

Virtual Link
• We will never be able to configure stub area in the backbone
area
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Let's take a Lab


RIP Backbone Stub/Totally Stub Area 1
R1 R2 R3 R4
.1 .2 .2 .3 .3 .4
12.12.12.0/24 23.23.23.0/24 34.34.34.0/24
eth1 eth1 eth2 eth1 eth2 eth1
192.168.1.1/24 2.2.2.2
eth5 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4
eth5 192.168.2.1/24 eth5
1.1.1.1 eth5
192.168.3.1/24 192.168.4.1/24

192.168.1.2/24
192.168.2.2/24 192.168.3.2/24 192.168.4.2/24

• Configure ip address for loopback interface with /32


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Conclusion
Standard Area Stub Area Totally Stub Area
LSA Type 1 v v v
LSA Type 2 v v v
LSA Type 3 v v one
LSA Type 4 v x x
LSA Type 5 v x x
future reading
• https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Routing/OSPF
• https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:OSPF_Case_Studies#Stub_Area

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