Menoufia University Year: 1st Year

Faculty of Engineering Subject: Fluid Dynamics

Shebin El-Kom

Sheet no. (5)

1. A tank of 30 cm diameter contains water to a depth of 40 cm. The tank is opened and
water surface is exposed to atmospheric pressure. The water is discharged through 3 mm
orifice at the bottom of the tank. Determine the jet velocity, close to the exit of the orifice,
when the water level in the tank drops to 20 cm. Also calculate the time required for
emptying the tank. Cv = 0.9 and Cd = 0.6.
2. A swimming pool, 10 m long x 6m wide, contains water to a depth of 2 m. If the water
is discharged through 0.2 m2 opening at the bottom of the pool, find the time consumed
to empty the pool. Assume Cd = 0.6.
3. A tank contains two layers of water and oil (each of 0.4 m height) is discharged through
an orifice with diameter of 2 cm, mounted at tank bottom wall. The space above the oil
contains pressurized air with 1.5 bar, gauge. If the tank diameter = 60 cm, determine the
time required for emptying the tank completely. The oil specific gravity = 0.8. Assume
no losses in the flow.
4. Water flows steadily in a pipe with flow rate of 80 L/sec, as shown in figure 1. The pipe
radius at point (1) equals 16 cm while equals 8 cm at point (2). The pressure at point (1)
is 180 kpa, gauge. Determine the average velocity at point (1) and point (2) and also
calculate the pressure at point (2). 2

2m

Figure (1)

5. A submarine moves through water (SG = 1.3) with constant velocity of 5 m/sec at a depth
of 50 m. Determine the stagnation pressure (absolute) affecting the submarine front
point.
6. Water is siphoned from a tank using 9 mm diameter hose as shown in figure (2). If H = 22 ft.,
determine the velocity and flow rate at hose exit (point 3). Also determine the absolute pressure
at point (2). Consider atmospheric pressure = 101350 kpa.

Figure (2)

7. A horizontal venture meter with 30 cm diameter inlet and 10 cm diameter throat is used
for measuring the flow of water (S.Gw=1) through a pipeline. The differential U-tube
mercury (S.GHg=13.6) manometer shows a reading of 25 cm-Hg. Calculate the discharge
of water if the discharge coefficient = 0.95. Then, if the flow rate in the pipe was set to
be 0.09 m3/sec, determine the differential reading in the U-tube manometer
corresponding to this flow rate.
8. A vertical venture meter with 20 cm diameter inlet and 10 cm diameter throat is used for
measuring the flow of air (ρ=2.5 kg/m3) through a pipeline. The venture throat is 25 cm
above its inlet. The differential U-tube water manometer shows a reading of 10 cm-water.
Calculate the discharge of air if the discharge coefficient = 0.95.
9. A 30 cm x 15 cm (inlet and throat diameters) venture meter is provided in a vertical
pipeline carrying oil with specific gravity 0.9, the flow is upward. The difference in
elevations between the inlet and throat of the venture is 40 cm. Two pressure gauges are
used at inlet and throat sections, with reading of 2 bar and 1.5 bar respectively. Calculate
the oil flow rate in the pipe if Cd = 0.98.
10. A 20 cm x 10 cm venture meter is provided in a vertical pipeline carrying liquid of S.G
of 0.7, the flow is downward. The difference in elevations between the inlet and throat
of the venture is 35 cm. two pressure gauges are used at inlet and throat sections, with
reading of 1.7 bar and 1.3 bar respectively. Calculate the mass flow rate in the pipe if Cd
= 0.96. Resolve the problem if the pipe was inclined with 30◦ to the horizontal line.
11. An orifice plate is used to measure the flow of air (ρ=1.8 kg/m3) through 0.2 diameter
horizontal pipe. The orifice diameter equals 0.1 m. A U- tube water-manometer is used.
Calculate the flow rate if the manometer reads 10 cm-water differential head. Take
Cd=0.65.
12. An orifice plate is used to measure the flow of oil (ρoil=850 kg/m3) through 4 cm diameter
pipeline, inclined with 45ₒ and upward flow direction. The orifice diameter equals 1.8
cm. A U- tube water-manometer is used. Calculate the flow rate if the manometer reads
30 cm-water differential head. Take Cd=0.65. And if the pressure at upstream of the
orifice is = 70.5 kpa, determine the pressure at vena contraction, the pressure taps are 6
cm apart.
13. An orifice plate is used to measure the flow of water (ρ=1000 kg/m3) through 0.1
diameter horizontal pipe. The orifice diameter equals 0.05 m. An inverted U- tube oil-
manometer is used (S.G.oil = 0.8). Calculate the mass flow rate of water for 40 cm-oil
differential reading.
14. Water flow in a pipe (2.2 cm diameter) with constant flow rate. An orifice with diameter
of 1 cm was provided to the pipe. A mercury U-tube manometer is used. The water is
then collected in a 1 m diameter tank, which was initially evacuated. It was required 5
minutes until the water level in the tank reaches 0.5 m depth. Calculate the discharge
coefficient of the orifice when the manometer reading is 1.39 m of mercury.
15. A Pitot-static tube is inserted in the centerline of a 30 cm diameter pipe. The tube reads
a 12 cm-mercury differential pressure. Calculate the water velocity at pipe centerline and
also determine the mass flow rate of the water if the average velocity in the pipe can be
considered to be 85% of the centerline velocity. Assume no losses in the flow.
16. Oil with specific gravity 0.8 flows in a pipe. A Pitot-static tube is inserted into the pipe
to measure the velocity at point M. If a differential mercury U-tube manometer,
connected to the Pitot static tube, indicates a reading of 4 cm-Hg, calculate the velocity
at point M. Assume the coefficient of the Pitot tube is 0.98.
17. A Pitot tube is inserted in a pipe of 20 cm diameter at a point. The static pressure in the
pipe at that point is 10 cm of mercury, vacuum. The stagnation pressure at that point,
recorded by the Pitot tube, is 1.0 N/cm2. Calculate the velocity of water at that point.
18. To calibrate a repaired pitot tube, an air jet discharging from an orifice is used. A chamber
containing air under pressure of 150 kpa-gauge (ρair=1.2 kg/m3) discharges the air
through a sharp edged orifice of Cv= 0.98. The Pitot tube is placed at the centerline of
the vena contracta and the stagnation pressure is measured by an inclined manometer,
which is inclined at 30 degree to the horizontal and contains oil of S.G. = 0.85. If the
reading of the manometer is 38 mm-oil, calculate the coefficient of the Pitot tube.