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Chapter 1: Situation
Operator X wanted to deploy 3G (UMTS2100) on their existing 2G (DCS1800) IBS. Since this is
customer HQ solution was already designed to support 3G 2 years ago. As per our plan we only
we selected the VIP sector serving CEO/CTO/CFO floors in the customer building. Since this was
the first 3G site in the city no outdoor interference was expected other then CDMA/Evo 1900
After sharing 1 Sector DAS for 2G/3G Services we received very high RTWP values and throughput
was very low. There was only 1 active user on the network which ruled out network congestion.
As a first step site configurations were checked at the OMCR end. Then External interference was
checked by the conducting FFT Frequency Spectrum Scanning option of NodeB and the results
were satisfactory. Highlighted band was the trail band for 3G.
Since Configurations and Interference were ruled out as the causes for RTWP next possible reason
left was DAS. Since this was a Passive DAS solution we had to manually conduct the Point to Point
verification. As this was an operational building we couldn’t troubleshoot each antenna path
manually.
Current connectivity diagram was analyzed to identify most effective points for troubleshooting.
Plan was to manually go from point to point disconnect a specific area and check the impact on
Since 3G Signal was divided into 2 parts for combination with 2 existing DCS DAS ports.
As the first step we disconnected combiner serving C/D/E floors and checked the RTWP for only
A/B floors.
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
Which meant that A/B floors are problematic and need to be analyzed further.
Now to verify the DAS for C/D/E floors we reconnected the combiner to DAS port and disconnected
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
These results indicated that DAS for C/D/E floors is ok. Hence C/D/E Floors were cleared
Now we moved further into troubleshooting for A/B floors. Floor A was disconnected and stats were
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
This way we cleared 4 out of the 5 Floors and 40 out of 50 antennas were cleared.
Floor A was connected and Floor B was disconnected to observe results.
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
Since each floor was further divided into 2 sections in terms of Antenna distribution connectivity so
we moved further into Floor A for identifying the RTWP causing equipment.
DAS for Section 2 on Floor A was disconnected which was serving 7 antennas and Section 1 was
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
Now to rule out Section 2 Section 1 was disconnected and Section 2 was reconnected.
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
Step by Step 45 out of the total 50 antennas were cleared. Now the issue was pin pointed on
Section 1 on Floor A. But before moving ahead we verified by connecting total DAS to the system
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
The results confirmed our initial finding. Within section 1 Antennas are divided in to 2 groups via
2-way splitter was disconnected and impact of 3 antennas on RTWP was observed
Stats were observed after this activity and results were as follows
Now the exact location was pinpointed and it was observed that the moment we connected any of
the remaining 2 Antenna to DAS, RTWP value increased to -75. All the Components were replaced
along with antenna in that area but we kept on receiving sharp rise in RTWP the moment antenna
was connected.
We came to the conclusion that the reason behind this is uplink interference which was ruled out
Since the only existing technology in Pakistan that could have caused any interference for UMTS
was CDMA/Evo1900 teams tried locating any signal sources for dedicated coverage enhancement
of EVo for the customer management. But there was no device of those sorts.
After researching for all the unlicensed wireless bands operational Globally on the internet it was
found that DECT6.0 technology (1920 – 1930MHz) which is American band for cordless telephones
is the only band which can cause direct interference in UMTS2100 Uplink trail band that we were
Based on this finding teams were asked to physically visit the problem area and conduct spectrum
scanning for Uplink band interference and results were positive there was severe interference in
These findings further ensured that the interference is caused due to DECT6.0 technology because
Once results confirmed the cause of interference device was located and verified to be operating on
DECT6.0.
Chapter 4: Result
Once the root cause was identified we requested the customer to discard the cordless
exchange operating on DECT6.0 technology. After that entire sector service was optimum on
DAS. Stats observed after identification and removal of interference causing source were as
follows
After that Spectrum scanning was conducted on the entire building and once 3G services were
This whole process helped customer in their strategy for avoiding these bands in license auction. As
especially for Indoor cells these unlicensed band devices would cause problems in future.
Chapter 5: Suggestion
It is better to conduct on site tests specially for VIP accounts. 3 Days were wasted in
physical troubleshooting of DAS just because we received false results from NodeB FFT spectrum
Scanning.
3G Spectrum scanning for indoor cell during planning is as important as it is for outdoor
cell planning. This 1 activity can save a lot of optimization time whether it is RF optimization or DAS
optimization.
For solutions deployed prior to 3G upgrade proper design documentation should be
maintained specially by modifying the report with respect to changes made during DAS
optimization.
Just because all optimization changes made 2 years ago were documented properly we
managed to smoothly troubleshoot deployed DAS on strategic locations and save time.
Engineers should not forget the importance of research. With an open mind and efficient
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IBS Modernization – RTWP Cause Tracing Security Level: High
use of information sources around us we get to learn new things with each problem we encounter.