10/21/2017 Basics of Counting & Summation - Kamal Lohia | MBAtious | CAT Study Materials, MBA Preparation, BANK PO Examinations,

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Number Theory (/category/6/number-theory) /  Basics of Counting & Summation - Kamal Lohia  (/topic/112.rss)

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(/user/kamal_lohia) kamal_lohia (/user/kamal_lohia) 9 months ago (/post/112) 
Faculty and Content Developer at Tathagat | Delhi College of Engineering

How many 1 digit natural numbers are there?

9 (1- 9)

How many 2 digit natural number are there?

90 (10 - 99)

How many 3 digit natural numbers are there?

900 (100 - 999)

How many n-digit natural numbers are there?

I hope you got the pattern by now. 9 × 10n-1

Palindromes are the numbers which read same forward and backward.

How many palindrome numbers are there less than 1 million?

1 - Digit palindromes (a) = 9

2 - Digit palindromes (aa) = 9 × 1 = 9

3 - Digit palindromes (aba) = 9 × 10 × 1 = 90

4 - Digit palindromes (abba) = 9 × 10 × 1 × 1 = 90

5 - Digit palindrome (abcba) = 9 × 10 × 10 × 1 × 1 = 900

6 - Digit palindromes (abccba) = 9 × 10 × 10 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 900

So total number of palindromes less than 1 million is = 2(9 + 90 + 900) = 2(999) = 1998.

How many times you write digit 1 while writing all natural numbers from 1 to 1000?

No need of hectic work. Just see that if we write numbers from 000 to 999, then each digit from 0 to 9 is being used at each place equally. And
total number of digits being used to write these 1000 3-digit numbers (from 000 to 999) is 3000. So digit 1 has been used 3000/10 = 300 times
from 1 to 999 and once in 1000. So nal answer becomes 300 + 1 = 301. Please read it patiently. I am sure it'll be clear to you easily.

How many times you write digit 0 while writing all natural numbers from 1001 to 2000?

This should not be any problem anymore. Answer is 300.

Just see that from 000 to 999, we write 1000 numbers using each of the digit from 0 to 9 being used at every place equally i.e. 3 × 1000/10 = 300
Looks
times each. And in this question, we have numbers from 1001 to 2000. Just remove the thousandth digit and like your
arrange connection
remaining to accordingly.
digits
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If we write all natural numbers from 1 to 99, then how many of them contain digit 1?

Read carefully. Answer is 19 not 20 :)

While writing all natural numbers from 100 to 199, how many contain digit 1?

That was easy. It's 100 :)

Now a CAT like problem

To write all the page numbers of a book, exactly 136 times digit 1 has been used. Find the number of pages in the book.

From 1 to 99, 20 times digit 1 is used.

From 100 to 199, 120 times digit 1 is used.

So, total pages should be 4 less than 199 i.e.195.

Another (Last for now) type of counting.

All the page numbers of a book has been added and sum was found to be 1000. But teacher told that one page number has been mistakenly
added 3 times. Can you identify the mistakenly added page number?

a. 5 b. 10 c. 27 d. cannot be determined

Number of pages, n should be such that n (n + 1)/2 < 1000. We get approximately n < 45.

For n = 44, Sum = 990 i.e. 10 = twice the sum of mistakenly added number (say X ) i.e. X = 5.

For n = 43, Sum = 946 i.e. 54 = 2X or X = 27.

No other values satisfy. So answer can be 5 or 27. (d)

FINDING THE SUM

Sum of rst 'n' consecutive natural numbers is a three digit number whose digits are same. Find 'n'.

1 + 2 + 3 + ...+ n = n (n + 1)/2 = aaa = a (111) = a × 3 × 37

i.e. n (n + 1) = a × 2 × 3 × 37

As ‘a’ is a single digit number, only a = 6 satis es. That is n = 36.

Sum of ve consecutive integers is A. Find the sum of next ve consecutive integers.

Each corresponding term in the next ve consecutive integers is at a gap of 5 from its counterpart in previous ve consecutive integers.

That means the required sum is A + 25.

In General: If sum of n consecutive integers is A, then sum of next n consecutive integers is A + n2.

Sum of four 2-digit consecutive odd integers when divided by 10 results in a perfect square. How many such sets of four 2-digit numbers are
possible?

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Four consecutive 2-digit numbers will have average as an even number situated between two central odd numbers. So certainly it'll be a 2-digit
number.

That means sum of four numbers should be of the form S = 4 × Avg but this need s to be of the form 10 × a2 also.

That means Avg should be a two digit number of the form 10 × b2 where b is a single digit number. (Think why??)

Only possible values for b are 1, 2 or 3 so that Avg remains a 2-digit number.

But b = 1 is negated as in that case all four numbers will not be 2-digit numbers.

So TWO cases are possible-(i) Avg = 10 × 22 = 40 i.e. numbers are 37, 39, 41, 43 And (ii) Avg = 10 × 32 = 90 i.e. numbers are 87, 89, 91 and 93.

Sum of rst n consecutive natural numbers is a perfect square for n = 1, 8. Find next two such values.

I am leaving its explanation for you to do on your own. Answer is 49 and 288.

S = (n) (n+1)/2, so either n, or n+1 has to be the 2nd multiple of a perfect square Check for all odd perfect squares and its neighbors.
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