LITERATURE STUDY

ON

RTHO HOSPITAL
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

ANTHROPOMETRY

AREA STRANDARDS

DESIGN & PLANNING

 NORMS

01

HOSPITAL
THE ART DESIGNING & SCIENCE OF DESIGNING A HOSPITAL ANYWHERE
IS A COMPLEX AFFAIR. BEYOND TECHNIQAL REQUIREMENTS,THAT
MODERN MEDICINE DEMANDS AND RIGID FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUSTAINABLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS.

HIPOCRATES: INJUNCTION TO THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IS

BEING “FIRST DO NOT HARM”

THE DESIGNER HAS TO COPE WITH A HOST OF MORE

SUBJECTIVE ISSUE LIKE THE ANXIETY OF THE PATIENT, THE
STRESSFULL WORK ENVIRONMENT OF
THE STAFF AND THE NEED TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE AND

HEALTHY BUILDING
02
HUMAN
ANTHROPOMETRY
INSTRUMENTS
ANTHROPOMETRY
04
STAIRCASE / RAMP/ELEVATORS
ANTHROPOMETRY

DOORS & FITTINGS

06
AREA STRANDARDS
AREA REQUIREMENTS
ADMINISTRATION : INCLUDES THE OWNERSHIP OF HOSPITAL &
DOCTORS
INPATIENT DEPARTMENT :
INPATIENTS SERVICE INCLUDES PATIENTS
WARD , NURSE WORKSTATIONS, THE WORK AREA ETC …
PATIENCE WARD NURSE WORKSTATION THE WORK AREA
OUTPATIENTS DEPARTMENT :
PREFERABLY ON THE GROUND FLOOR
WITH A SEPARATE ENTRY & ADEQUATE PARKING.
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT : UNDER WHICH INTENSIVE CARE
UNIT & OPERATION THEATHRE COMES IN
 08
AREA STRANDARDS
AREA REQUIREMENTS
• INTENCIVE CARE UNIT
• OPERATION THEATHRE,ETC..
RADIOLOGY & LABARATORY: INCLUDES XRAYS & CT SCAN ETC..
PHARMACY : MEDICAL STORES.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES

10
 09
AREA STRANDARDS
SQUARE PER BED
Area Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit 250-280
Nursery 12-18
Delivery suite 15-20
Operation theatre 30-50

Physical medicine 12-18

Radiology 25-35
Laboratory 25-35
Pharmacy 4-6
CSSD 8-25

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AREA STRANDARDS
Area Sq .ft /
bed
House keeping 4-5
Laundry 12-18
Mechanical installation 50-75

Stores 25-35
Staff facilities 10-15
Administration 40-50
Total 567-751
Circulation 115-751
Total net area 682-891

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 DESIGN & PLANNING
OVERALL ZONING

ENTRY
ADMIN

EMERGENCY OUTPATIENT

PHARMACY

DIAGNOSIS
INPATIENT

THIS IS THE OVERALL ZONNING OF A HOSPITAL WITH RESPECT TO

DEPARTMENTS.

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DESIGN & PLANNING
OVERALL ZONING

THE PARKING FOR OUTPATIENT & INPATIENT CAN BE

SEPARATED.

THE EMERGENCY ENTRY CAN BE USED TO ENTER EMERGENCY

DEPARTMENT.

THE OUTPATIENTS SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR TO DIAGNOSIS &

PHARMACY TREAMENT.

THE PHARMACY SHOUD BE PLACED WITH EASY ACCESS FOR

OUTPATIENT & EMERGENCY.

15
THE WARD ON INPATIENT DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE MONITERED
EASILY

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 DESIGN & PLANNING
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

NURSE

WARD
WASH

OUTPAIENT
WORK AREA

WARD DESIGN :

KEY PROBLEM IN DESIGNING A EFFICIENT WARD SYSTEM IS:

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSE ROOM & PATIENCE ROOM.

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 DESIGN & PLANNING
L.W R.W C.W
CONSIDERATION FOR WARD DEIGN ARE, WALK
DISTANCE, VENTILATION , LIGHTING,NOISE
ETC…
BAD OBSERVATION
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK WARD
DESIGN TYPES OF WARD MANAGABLE OBSERVATION
DESIGN
• LINEAR WARD GOOD OBSERVATION

• RACE TRACK WARD

• COURTYARD WARD
LINEAR WARD: (L.W)
DESIGNED IN A LINEAR FORM (20-30 BEDS)
RACETRACK WARD: (R.W)
CONTRAST TO LINEAR WARD SHARE NOT MORE THAN 4 BEDS

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DESIGN & PLANNING

COURTYARD WARD :(C.W)

COURTYARD IN THE CENTRE.
THE AREA OF THE WARD DEPENDS ON THE NO OF BED.

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

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DESIGN & PLANNING
NURSE STATION:
NURSE STATION SHOULD BE PALCED NEARER WITH PROPER
MONITERING OF THE PATIENTS. THE NURSE
STATION SHOULD ME10 -12 SQ.M DEPENDING ON THE
POSITION

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DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK

NURSE STATION
SMALL PANTRY

TYPICAL LOCATION OF NURSE STATION BETWEEN

WARDS
THE CLEAN UTILITY ROOM & DIRTY UTILITY ROOM ARE PLACED
NEAR NURSE STATION.
TOILETS

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DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK TOILET :

THE NO OF TOILET REQUIRED IS DEPEND
UPON THE NO OF BED. THE STRANDAD SIZE
OF THE TOILET IS
3-4 SQ.M.
THE TOILET FLOOR LEVEL SHOUD BE
DEPRESSED.
TOILET

THE TOILET SHOULD BE

HYGIENIC.
TOILET
THE PATIENCE TOILET SHOULD
BE SEPARATED
FROM NURSE TOILET

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DESIGN & PLANNING
THE DUCT SHOULD BE PROVIDED BETWEEN TWO TOILETS AS
SHOWN,
FOR VENTILATION.
TOILET LOCATION
DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS

ENTRY

OUTPATIENT
ADMIN

OUTPAIENT
DIAGNOSIS
CONSULTING SPACE

THE OUTPATIENT SHOULD BE PROVIDED SEPARATE PARKING.

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DESIGN & PLANNING

THE OUTPATIENTS ARE PATIENCE WHO VISIT HOSPITAL FOR

CONSULTING..AND THUS IT CONTAINS CONSULTING SPACE.
THE OUTPATIENT ROOM SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR THE
DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT.
DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS:
ENTR
X RAYS

THE X RAY SPACE SHOULD BE DESIGNED

ADMIN WITH MORE CARE .

THE INTERIOR DESIGN SHOULD BE THE

DIANOSISOUTPAIENT

KEY TO PROTECT EMISSION OF RAYS OUTSIDE .

THE LEAD IS USED TO PROTECT CT SCAN

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DESIGN & PLANNING
EMISSION OF RAYS THROUGH WINDOW. COMES UNDER THE
DIAGNOSIS, THE
CT SCAN IS PROVIDED WITH THE
CONTROLLER ROOM
CONTROLLER ROOM NOT MORE THAN 4
SQ.M

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DESIGN & PLANNING

INTENSIVE CARE
UNIT.INTENSIVE CARE UNIT.
OPERATION
THEATHRE.OPERATION
THEATHRE.

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 DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK

ENTRY

EMERGENCY
DOCTORS

OUTPAIENT
DIAGNOSIS
INTENSIVE CAREUNIT

27
DESIGN & PLANNING
A SEPARATE EMERGENCY ENTRY SHOULD BE OPERATION PROVIDED.
THEATHRE
SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE GROUND FLOOR.
THE GLASS PANEL ARE USED IN ICU FOR
PROPER OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENCE
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
SHOULD PREFERABLY BE LOCATED ON THE
GROUND FLOOR WITH CONVENIENT ACCESS
FROM THE OPERATION THEATRE SUIT AND
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AND EASY
ACCESSIBILITY FOR WARDS.
IT CONSISTS PATIENT AREA, STAFF AREA,
SUPPORT AREA

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 DESIGN & PLANNING

INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

FOUR BASIC REQUIREMENTS-
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE
PATIENT
BY NURSING AND MEDICAL STAFF
SURVEILLANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
MONITORING
PROVISION AND EFFICIENT USE OF
ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND
INTERVENTIONS.
RECORDING AND MAINTENANCE OF
PATIENT INFORMATION

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 DESIGN & PLANNING

DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK OPERATION

THEATRE:

OPERATION THEATRES ARE PLACED NEAR ICU

UNIT. FOR EASY ACESS INCASE OF EMERGENCY.
THE OPERATION THEATRE CONSISTS
SEPARATE PARTITION FOR ASNESTHETIC AREA,
WHERE PATIENTS ARE ANESTHIST.THE SEPARATE
DRESS CHANGING ROOMS FOR
DOCTORS ARE GIVEN..PSYCHIATRIC UNIT
CONSULTATION AREA CONTAINING STAFF OFFICES FOR
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY CARE SESSIONS.
CONFERENCE THERAPY AREA FOR GROUP THERAPY
SESSION.
INPATIENT AREA FOR HOSPITALIZING PATIENTS

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 DESIGN & PLANNING

ACTIVITIES AREA FOR OCCUPATIONAL RECREATIONAL

THERAPY
DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK
PHARMACY:

• OUT PATIENT SHOULD HAVE READY ACCESS TO THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY TO

COLLECT PRESCRIPTION.
• STAFF OF WARDS AND DEPARTMENT CAN ACCESS IT WITHOUT HAVING TO
TRAVEL A LONG DISTANCE THOROUGH OTHER CROWDED AREAS.
• SUPPLIERS HAVE AN ACCESS TO IT FROM OUT SIDE
• SPACE REQUIRED FOR DISPENSING COUNTER
CASH COUNTER

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DESIGN & PLANNING
DRUGS STORAGE INCLUDING DRESSINGS
COOL AND COLD STORAGE
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
CIRCULATION SPACE

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NORMS & REGULATIONS

MEANS OF ESCAPE
TRAVEL DISTANCE :

THE PATIENT MOVEMENTS INSIDE THE HOSPITAL IS CALCULATED

USING TRAVEL DISTANCE , THE SURTAIN NORMS TO BE
FOLLOWED ARE,MAXIMUM TARVEL DISTANCE BETWEEN WARDS
30M.

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 NORMS & REGULATIONS

MEANS OF ESCAPE
EXIT :

EXIT DOOR SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR

SLEEPING PATIENT ROOM FOR EASY EXIT.

THE EXIT CORRIDOR SHOULD NOT BE LESS

THAN 2M
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 NORMS & REGULATIONS

IN WIDTH.

35
NORMS & REGULATIONS

SANITARY REQUIREMENTS

36
NORMS & REGULATIONS

ELECTRICITY
1. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

• 220V FOR NORMAL CURRENT,

• 380V FOR HIGH CURRENT,

• IN SURGICAL WINGS: - SAFETY ELECTRICAL SUPPLY: 1.20M ABOVE THE FLOOR

MINIMUM, - EXTRA ACCUMULATORS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND EMERGENCY
POWER SUPPLY,-HAVE TO WORK CONTINUALLY:
ONE OPERATING LAMP/CEILING FIXTURE IN EACH OPERATING ROOM FOR 3 HOURS
MINIMUM, O DEVICES TO MAIN2. GAS INSTALLATION AIN VITAL BODILY
FUNCTIONS.
• PUMPS FOR OXYGEN, NITROGEN, VACUUM AND PRESSURED AIR HAVE TO BE
INSTALLED IN DOUBLE.

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NORMS & REGULATIONS

• OXYGEN: SUPPLYING WITH AIR STORED IN STEEL BOTTLES OUT OF BATTERY WITH
AN AUTOMATIC SWITCH.
4. VENTILATION :
• FILTERING, DILUTION AND EXTRACTION OF AIR,
• RENEWAL: 15-20VOLUMES FOR ONE HOUR.
• IT IS REQUIRED TO CONSULT SAFETY MEASURES FOR VENTILATION DUCTS .
• ANY UNCONTROLLED AIR CURRENT CAN’T ENTER THE OPERATING ROOM BY: -
A HERMETICALLY SEALED CLOSURE OF THE ROOM 21

5.LIGHTING :

GENERAL SPACE REQUIRED - 100 E/LUX.

READING - 300 E/LUX.
PATIENTS& EXAMINATION -1000 E/LUX.
WAITING AREA -200E/LUX.

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NORMS & REGULATIONS

CORRIDOR -200E/LUX.
CAR PARKING -500E/LUX.
TOILET -200E/LUX.

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