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International Journal of Agricultural

Science and Research (IJASR)


ISSN (P): 2250-0057; ISSN (E): 2321-0087
Vol. 7, Issue 5, Oct 2017, 543-546
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT PLANT SPACING AND NUTRIENTS ON


PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GREENGRAM UNDER

IRRIGATED CONDITION

M. MOHANA KEERTHI1 & R. BABU2


1
Research Scholar, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute,
Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Professor and Head, Department of Farm Management, Agricultural College and Research Institute
Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT

Green gram or mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important food legumes grown and consumed in
India. The comprising of various plant spacing, soil and foliar application of fertilizers at varying levels influenced the
Leaf area index and Crop growth rate at various stages of crop growth. The plant spacing plays an important role in the
dominance and suppression during the process of competition. Soil application of nutrients will give the initial boost for

Original Article
growing seedlings. Use of growth regulators is one of the potent force in improving the growth, flower initiation and yield
of agricultural crop especially pulses. The adoption of planting spacing of 30 × 30 cm, application of recommended dose
of fertilizer (RDF), 12.5 tonnes of Farm yard manure (FYM) and 25 kg Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) as basal and foliar
spraying of 1% potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 50 per cent flowering (T10) was recorded highest LAI and CGR at all stages of
crop growth.

KEYWORDS: Green gram, Plant Spacing, Nutrients, LAI & CGR

Received: Sep 14, 2017; Accepted: Oct 01, 2017; Published: Oct 16, 2017; Paper Id.: IJASROCT201763

INTRODUCTION
India is a premier pulse growing country and forms an integral part of, cropping system of the farmers all
over the country. The present average per capita consumption of pulses in India was 14 kg year-1 against the WHO
recommendation of 20 kg year-1 (Indiastat, 2010). Green gram is the third most important pulse crop of India
(Chandrasekhar and Ghosh, 2002). Green gram is a rich source of protein (24%) and also contributes
carbohydrates (60%), fat (1.5%), amino acids, vitamins and minerals, etc. Area under green gram in India is 3.80
million hectares with an annual production of 1.1 million tonnes. In Tamil Nadu, the area under green gram is 0.13
million hectares with an annual production of 458.8 tonnes. The average productivity of green gram, over the globe
is 577 kg ha-1 and in India it is 426 kg ha-1, which is considered to be low (India stat, 2010). Hence, need to
increase the productivity of green gram under irrigated condition. Use of improved crop management packages can
invariably increase the productivity.

Plant spacing plays an important role in the dominance and suppression during the process of competition.
Ideal plant spacing is precious and important for better and efficient utilization of available plant growth resources
in order to increase the physiological growth and get maximum productivity in crops (Rana et al., 2011).
The effective fertilizer recommendation was based on the soil nutrient available status and crop requirements and

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544 M. Mohana Keerthi & R. Babu

foliar application of growth regulators had increased the productivity by the growth rate of the green gram. Foliar
application of growth regulators reduced the flower drop and improved the leaf area, pod formation and seed setting
percentage (Mir et al., 2010).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A field experiment was conducted, during Puratasi pattam from November 2013 to January 2014, at Agricultural
College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu. The experiment was laid out in randomised block
design, with eleven treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice. Greengram CO 6 seeds with a germination
percentage of 95 were sown, at the rate of 20 kg ha-1.

Treatment details
T1 25 × 25 cm spacing + STCR based fertilizer application
T2 T1 + ZnSO4 + Pulse wonder
T3 T1 + ZnSO4 + Pulse wonder + PPFM spray
T4 25 × 25 cm spacing + RDF + FYM + ZnSO4
T5 T4+ 1% KNO3
T6 30 × 30 cm spacing + STCR based fertilizer application
T7 T6+ ZnSO4 + Pulse wonder
T8 T6 + ZnSO4 + Pulse wonder + PPFM spray
T9 30 × 30 cm spacing + RDF + FYM + ZnSO4
T10 T9 + 1% KNO3
T11 30 × 10 cm spacing + RDF + FYM + ZnSO4
Note: FYM - 12.5 t ha-1 as basal; STCR - 13:25:13 kg ha-1; RDF - 25:50:25:20 NPKS kg ha-1;
ZnSO4 - 25 kg ha-1; Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 at 50% flowering and PPFM - 2% in one week after flowering

Leaf Area Index (LAI)

The total number of green leaves, length and breadth of the third leaf from the top of the tagged plants were
measured in each plot. The leaf area index was then worked out as suggested by Puttasamy et al. (1976), using the formula
as given below.
Leaf area = L × B × K

Where, L - maximum length of the third leaf from top (cm), B - maximum breadth of the third leaf from top (cm),
K - constant factor (0.6306)

LBK × No. of leaves plant-1


LAI=

Land area occupied (cm2)


Crop Growth Rate (CGR)
The crop growth rate was calculated by using the formula suggested by Watson (1958) and expressed in kg ha-1
-1
day .
W2 – W1

CGR=

(t2 - t1)

Where, W1 and W2 were DMP in kg ha-1 at times t1 and t2 respectively

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Response of Different Plant Spacing and Nutrients on Physiological Parameters of Greengram Under Irrigated Condition 545

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

The plant spacing of 30 × 30 cm, application of RDF, 12.5 tonnes of FYM and 25 kg of ZnSO4 as basal and foliar
spraying of 1% KNO3 at 50 per cent flowering (T10) recorded the highest LAI (3.73, 5.30 and 5.61 at 30, 45 DAS and at
harvest stage respectively) “Figure 1”. The wider spacing gives less competition between inter and intra plants for sun
light, water, nutrients and space. This favoured the plant with more leaf area, which harvested more sunlight and produced
more photosynthates in the crop. Similar findings were also reported by Mathur et al., (2007) in greengram. The wider
plant spacing 30 × 30 cm recorded the highest leaf area index, as compared to 25 × 25 cm and 30 × 10 cm plant spacing.
The supply of nutrients which increased the plant growth, number of branches, leaf number, leaf length and breadth and
also with more ground coverage (Geetha and Velayutham, 2009) and Hussain et al. (2011).

Figure 1: Effect of Plant Spacing and Nutrients on Leaf Area Index (LAI) of Greengram

Crop growth rate increased rapidly from 30 to 45 DAS and tended to decline from 45 DAS to harvest.
The treatment comprises of 30 × 30 cm plant spacing, application of RDF, 12.5 tonnes of FYM and 25 kg of ZnSO4 as basal
and foliar spraying of 1% KNO3 at 50 per cent flowering (T10) had registered higher CGR value (126.8 kg ha-1 day-1) at 30
to 45 DAS and 71.0 kg ha-1 day-1 at 45 DAS to harvest “Table 1”. This might due to more nutrients uptake in plant with
wider planting spacing and favoured accumulation of more dry matter in plants. Similar findings were also reported by
Sathyamoorthy et al. (2008) in greengram. The addition of FYM along with RDF and ZnSO4 ensured adequate supply of
N, P and Zn as well as balanced supply of nutrients at all stages of crop growth. External application of N in adequate
amount at planting was crucial for initial establishment and further growth of plants. Similarly, P plays an important role in
root development and water uptake by plants (Ambhore, 2004).

Table 1: Effect of Plant Spacing and Nutrients on Crop Growth Rate (CGR) of Greengram
Crop Growth Rate (Kg Ha-1 Day-1)
Treatments
30 - 45 DAS 45 DAS - at Harvest
T1 62.4 46.5
T2 66.7 48.8
T3 80.1 56.4
T4 80.4 57.1
T5 94.2 59.5
T6 67.9 49.0
T7 79.9 55.4
T8 98.8 63.5
T9 113.5 67.6
T10 126.8 71.0
T11 55.7 42.1

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546 M. Mohana Keerthi & R. Babu

Table 1: contd.,
SEd 9.9 6.0
CD (0.05) 20.7 12.6
CONCLUSIONS

The research evidence showed, adaptation of plant spacing 30 × 30 cm, application of recommended dose of
fertilizer, 12.5 tonnes of Farm yard manure and 25 kg Zinc Sulphate as basal and foliar spraying of 1% potassium nitrate, at
50 percent flowering (T10), resulted in higher Physiological growth viz., LAI and CGR. These parameters enhanced the
yield of greengram, under irrigated condition.

REFERENCES

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Gujarat conditions. M. Sc (Agri.) Thesis, Dept. of Agronomy, Navsari Agricltural University, Navsari, India.

2. Chandrasekhar, C. P and J. Ghosh. (2002). Food economy in disarray. Indian food industry, 21, 10.

3. Geetha, P. and Velayutham, A. (2009). Refinement of nutrient management techniques for growth, yield and nutrient uptake of
rice fallow blackgram. Madras agric. J., 96, 163-166.

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