Enhanced Fast Dormancy Feature

Introduction

Some intelligent UEs on a live network send a Signaling Connection Release Indication (SCRI) message to the RNC after PS
data transmission is complete. By sending the SCRI message, intelligent UEs request for a transition to idle mode or the
CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state to reduce battery consumption. Upon receiving the SCRI, the RNC can release the signaling
connection and switch the UEs to idle mode, or the RNC can maintain the signaling connection and switch the UEs to the
CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state.

By default, the RNC switches the UEs to idle mode. A UE setting up PS services in idle mode consumes more signaling
resources than that in the CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state. If a large number of UEs are switched between idle
mode and the CELL_DCH state, signaling storms may occur. The EFD feature is introduced to switch the UEs to the
CELL_FACH or CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state to relieve signaling storms.

2.2 Benefits

This feature can reduce RNC signaling load, NodeB signaling load, and NodeB CE resource consumption caused by intelligent
UEs

For the BSC6910, a signaling processing unit is the EGPUa board.

EGPUa utilization: RNC11:

EGPUa utilization:RNC12
Currently utilization is very low..

Technical Description

When there is no PS data to be transmitted, the intelligent UE sends the RNC an SCRI message to request the UTRAN to
release the signaling connection. This procedure saves power. In addition, the UE periodically sends heartbeat messages to
the core network, for example, to check for new mails on the mail server. If the EFD feature is disabled, the RNC releases the
signaling connection and switches the UE to idle mode. In this case, sending heartbeat messages leads to the procedures for
RRC connection setups, authentication, encryption, and RAB setups. These procedures increase the RNC signaling processing
load.

EFD is introduced to decrease the RNC signaling processing load. With EFD, the RNC switches a UE to the CELL_FACH or
CELL_PCH/URA_PCH state instead of idle mode upon receiving an SCRI message from the UE. In this case, when the UE
periodically sends heartbeat messages, the signaling procedure between the UE and RNC is simplified because the RRC
connection is maintained. As the number of signaling exchange messages decreases, significant CPU resources can be saved
for the RNC, and the UE consumes less battery power than a UE in idle mode.

 NOTE:

Some fast dormancy UEs may have compatibility issues if the RNC switches them to the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or

URA_PCH state after these UEs send an SCRI message. As a result, new services cannot be initiated. This feature was

tested only on iPhones and no compatibility issue occurred.

Network Performance

This feature has the following impacts on network performance:

 Reduced RRC connection setup success rate (The RRC connection setup failure rate does not increase.)

 On live networks, the service-related RRC connection setup success rate is higher than the non-service-
related RRC connection setup success rate. After this feature is enabled, the number of service-related RRC
connection setup attempts significantly decreases and the number of non-service-related RRC connection
setup attempts slightly decreases. A possible result of this is that the total RRC connection setup success
rate decreases but the number of RRC connection failures does not increase.
  The signaling exchange success rate in poor coverage areas is generally lower than that in good coverage
areas. After this feature is enabled, the number of RRC connection setup attempts slightly decreases in poor
coverage areas and the number of RRC connection setup attempts significantly decreases in good coverage
areas. A possible result of this is that the total RRC connection setup success rate decreases but the
number of RRC connection setup failures does not increase.

 Reduced PS RAB setup success rate

According to the operation and maintenance experience of live networks, the PS RAB setup success rate of some
fast dormancy UEs is higher than the average level of the entire network. After this feature is enabled, the number
of PS RAB setup attempts significantly decreases. As a result, the total PS RAB setup success rate may decrease.

 Reduced paging success rate

After this feature is enabled, a large number of UEs are switched to the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state. As a result,
the number of paging attempts in idle mode significantly decreases, but the original paging failures cannot be
eliminated. A possible consequence of this is that the paging success rate in idle mode decreases. The original
paging failures may be caused by the following:

 UEs that are dropped from the network or abnormally shut down

 Poor coverage

 Multiple RNCs sharing the same LAC or RAC

 Longer FACH congestion duration

After this feature is enabled, the number of UEs in the CELL_FACH state increases, the traffic volume on the FACH
increases. As a result, the FACH congestion duration may increase.

 Increased PS call drop rate

Before this feature is enabled, the UE may be switched to idle mode because it has no PS data transmission before
TRB reset. After this feature is enabled, the online duration of UEs performing PS services increases so that there
may be more TRB resets before the PS User Inactive Detecting Timer expires. As a result, PS call drops occur.

Therefore, if there are a large number of call drops caused by TRB resets on the live network before this feature is
enabled, the PS call drop rate may increase after this feature is enabled.

 Increased HSDPA call drop rate

After this feature is enabled, the HSDPA call drop rate may still increase.

Before this feature is enabled, the HSDPA service is normally released if the UE has no data to transmit. Then, if
the UE has data to transmit (even only a small amount of data), the UE is switched to the CELL_DCH state. After
this feature is enabled, a large number of UEs are switched to the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state. Afterward, the
UEs only need to be switched to the CELL_FACH state if there is a small amount of data to transmit. As a result,
the denominator in the calculation formula for the HSDPA call drop rate decreases. After EFD is enabled, the actual
HSDPA service duration basically remains unchanged. As a result, the total number of abnormal HSDPA service
releases has few changes. In summary, the HSDPA call drop rate increases after EFD is enabled.

 Calculation Formula Correction for the Call Drop Rate

Before EFD is enabled, if the UE has no data to transmit for a specified period of time, it will be switched from
connected mode to idle mode. After EFD is enabled, if the UE has no data to transmit for a specified period of time,
it will be switched from the CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state to the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state instead of being
switched to idle mode. From the perspective of user experience, the UE has no data to transmit in idle mode,
CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH. All scenarios in which the UE should be switched from CELL_DCH to idle mode,
CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH are considered PS service release scenarios.

Figure 7-1 UEs with no data transmission being switched to idle mode through normal release before EFD is
enabled

Figure 7-2 UEs with no data transmission being switched to CELL_PCH/URA_PCH after EFD is enabled

Figure 7-3 PS service release scenarios

From the perspective of user experience, switching to CELL_PCH/URA_PCH after EFD is enabled is equivalent to
switching to idle mode through normal release before EFD is enabled. Therefore, the calculation formula for the PS
call drop rate is changed to the following:
  The PS call drop rate measures the ratio of the number of abnormal PS service releases to the total number
of normal and abnormal PS service releases. Its calculation formula is changed to the following:

PS Call Drop Ratio with PCH (Cell) = [(VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS – VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.PCH –

VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.D2P – VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.F2P)/(VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS +
VS.RAB.NormRel.PS – VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.PCH – VS.RAB.NormRel.PS.PCH + VS.DCCC.D2P.Succ +
VS.DCCC.Succ.F2P + VS.DCCC.Succ.D2U + VS.DCCC.Succ.F2U)] x 100%

 The PS R99 call drop rate measures the ratio of the number of abnormal PS R99 service releases to the
total number of normal and abnormal PS R99 service releases. Its calculation formula is changed to the
following:

PS R99 Call Drop Ratio with PCH (Cell) =

[(VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PSR99 – VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.PCH – VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.R99D2P –

VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.F2P)/(VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PSR99 + VS.RAB.NormRel.PSR99 –
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.PCH – VS.RAB.NormRel.PS.PCH + VS.HSDPA.F2H.Succ + VS.HSDPA.D2H.Succ
+ VS.PSR99.D2P.Succ + VS.DCCC.Succ.F2P + VS.DCCC.Succ.F2U)] x 100%

 The HSDPA call drop rate measures the ratio of the number of abnormal HSDPA service releases to the
total number of normal and abnormal HSDPA service releases. Its calculation formula is changed to the
following:

HSDPA Service Drop Ratio with PCH (Cell) = [(VS.HSDPA.RAB.AbnormRel –

VS.HSDPA.RAB.AbnormRel.H2P)/(VS.HSDPA.RAB.AbnormRel + VS.HSDPA.RAB.NormRel +
VS.HSDPA.HHO.H2D.SuccOutIntraFreq + VS.HSDPA.HHO.H2D.SuccOutInterFreq + VS.HSDPA.H2D.Succ
+ VS.HSDPA.H2F.Succ + VS.HSDPA.H2P.Succ)] x 100%

 The HSUPA call drop rate measures the ratio of the number of abnormal HSUPA service releases to the
total number of normal and abnormal HSUPA service releases. Its calculation formula is changed to the
following:

HSUPA Call Drop Ratio with PCH (Cell) = [(VS.HSUPA.RAB.AbnormRel –

VS.HSUPA.RAB.AbnormRel.E2P)/(VS.HSUPA.RAB.AbnormRel + VS.HSUPA.RAB.NormRel +
VS.HSUPA.HHO.E2D.SuccOutIntraFreq + VS.HSUPA.HHO.E2D.SuccOutInterFreq + VS.HSUPA.E2F.Succ
+ VS.HSUPA.E2D.Succ + VS.HSUPA.E2P.Succ)] x 100%

 Calculation Formula Correction for the PS RAB Setup Success Rate

After EFD is enabled, a large number of UEs will be switched to the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state. Then, a large
number of UEs will be switched from CELL_PCH or URA_PCH to CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH to establish PS
services, instead of releasing PS RAB setup and then reinitiating PS RAB setup. From the perspective of user
experience, RAB setup, P2F, and P2D are all processes in which UEs initiate services. Therefore, the calculation
formula for the PS RAB setup success rate should be corrected. The PS RAB setup success rate measures the
ratio of the number of successful PS service initiations to the number of attempted PS service initiations. Its
calculation formula is changed to the following:

PS RAB Setup Success Ratio with PCH (Cell) = [(VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Conv + VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Bkg +

VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Int + VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Str + VS.DCCC.P2F.Succ + VS.DCCC.URAP2F.Succ +
VS.DCCC.P2D.Succ + VS.DCCC.URAP2D.Succ)/(VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Conv + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Bkg +
 VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Int + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Str + VS.DCCC.P2F.Att + VS.DCCC.URAP2F.Att +
VS.DCCC.P2D.Att + VS.DCCC.URAP2D.Att)] x 100%

Implemntation script:
//TRMfactor for IUPS for EFD
ADD TRMFACTOR: FTI=xx, REMARK="IUPS for EFD", PSCONVDL=10, PSCONVUL=10, PSSTRMDL=10, PSSTRMUL=10, PSINTERDL=10,
PSINTERUL=10, PSBKGDL=10, PSBKGUL=10, HDVOICEDL=10, HDCONVDL=10, HDSTRMDL=10, HDINTERDL=10, HDBKGDL=10, HUVOICEUL=10,
HUCONVUL=10, HUSTRMUL=10, HUINTERUL=10, HUBKGUL=10;
MOD ADJMAP: ANI=xxxx, ITFT=IUPS, FTI=xx;
MOD ADJMAP: ANI=yyyy, ITFT=IUPS, FTI= xx;

//Adding the second S-CCPCH when CBS is disabled

//After CELL_SIB_NOT_UPD_NCELL_CHG_SWITCH is enabled, add the second S-CCPCH for all cells. Then, disable
CELL_SIB_NOT_UPD_NCELL_CHG_SWITCH (using CellId=1 as an example):

SET UNBMPARA: ReliabilitySwitch=CELL_SIB_NOT_UPD_NCELL_CHG_SWITCH-1;

DEA UCELL: CellId=1;
DEA USCCPCH: CellId=1, PhyChId=8;
RMV UPCHDYNTFS: CellId=1, TrChId=3, RLCSize=240;
RMV UPCH: CellId=1, TrChId=3;
RMV UPICH: CellId=1, PICHId=10;
RMV UFACHLOCH: CellId=1, TrChId=4;
RMV UFACHDYNTFS: CellId=1, TrChId=4, RLCSize=168;
RMV UFACHDYNTFS: CellId=1, TrChId=5, RLCSize=360;
RMV UFACH: CellId=1, TrChId=4;
RMV UFACH: CellId=1, TrChId=5;
RMV USCCPCH: CellId=1, PhyChId=8;
ADD USCCPCHBASIC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=8, SCCPCHOFFSET=50, SCRAMBCODE=0, STTDIND=FALSE, PO1=8, CTFCSIZE=BIT2,
PILOTSYMBOLEXIST=NOT_EXISTS, SLOTFORMAT=D4, MBMSCHIND=COMMON;
ADD USCCPCHTFC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=8, CTFC=0;
ADD USCCPCHTFC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=8, CTFC=1;
ADD UPICH:CELLID=1, PICHID=10, PHYCHID=8, PICHMODE=V36, STTDIND=FALSE;
ADD UPCH:CELLID=1, TRCHID=3, PHYCHID=8, RATEMATCHINGATTR=230, TOAWS=35, TOAWE=10, PCHPOWER=-20;

//(Note: If the value of the PCH Power parameter has been optimized, it is recommended that you retain the optimized value.)
ADD UPCHDYNTFS:CELLID=1, RLCSIZE=240, TRCHID=3, TFSNUMBER=D2, TBNUMBER1=0, TBNUMBER2=1;
ACT USCCPCH:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=8;
ADD USCCPCHBASIC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=9, TFCIPRESENCE=EXISTS, SCCPCHOFFSET=70, SCRAMBCODE=0, STTDIND=FALSE, PO1=8,
CTFCSIZE=BIT4, SLOTFORMAT=D8, MBMSCHIND=COMMON;
ADD USCCPCHTFC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=9, CTFC=0;
ADD USCCPCHTFC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=9, CTFC=1;
ADD USCCPCHTFC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=9, CTFC=2;
ADD USCCPCHTFC:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=9, CTFC=3;

//(Note: If the value of the Max Transmit Power of FACH parameter has been optimized, it is recommended that you retain the
optimized value.)
ADD UFACH:CELLID=1, TRCHID=4, PHYCHID=9, TTI=T10, RATEMATCHINGATTR=220, MAXCMCHPI=D15, MINCMCHPI=D14, SIGRBIND=TRUE,
CHCODINGTYPE=CONVOLUTIONAL, CODINGRATE=D1/2, TOAWS=35, TOAWE=10, MAXFACHPOWER=10;
(Note: If the value of the Max Transmit Power of FACH parameter has been optimized, it is recommended that you retain the
optimized value.)

ADD UFACH:CELLID=1, TRCHID=5, PHYCHID=9, TTI=T10, RATEMATCHINGATTR=130, MAXCMCHPI=D13, MINCMCHPI=D0, SIGRBIND=FALSE,

CHCODINGTYPE=TURBO, TOAWS=35, TOAWE=10, MAXFACHPOWER=10;
ADD UFACHDYNTFS:CELLID=1, TRCHID=4, RLCSIZE=168, TFSNUMBER=D3, TBNUMBER1=0, TBNUMBER2=1, TBNUMBER3=2;
ADD UFACHDYNTFS:CELLID=1, TRCHID=5, RLCSIZE=360, TFSNUMBER=D2, TBNUMBER1=0, TBNUMBER2=1;
ADD UFACHLOCH:TRCHID=4, CELLID=1, SDUDISCARDTIMER=T10, MAXPDUSIZE=20;
ACT USCCPCH:CELLID=1, PHYCHID=9;
ACT UCELL:CELLID=1;
SET UNBMPARA: ReliabilitySwitch=CELL_SIB_NOT_UPD_NCELL_CHG_SWITCH-0;

//Activating the EFD function

SET URRCTRLSWITCH:PROCESSSWITCH=FAST_DORMANCY_SWITCH-1;
//Enabling the state transition switch for PS BE services as well as the EFD switch , current is on
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:DraSwitch= DRA_PS_BE_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-1;
//Enabling DRA_HSDPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH, DRA_HSUPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH, and DRA_PS_NON_BE_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH for
newly deployed networks , current is on
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:DraSwitch=DRA_HSDPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-1& DRA_HSUPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-
1&DRA_PS_NON_BE_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-1;

//Retaining the original settings of DRA_HSDPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH, DRA_HSUPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH, and

DRA_PS_NON_BE_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH for existing networks
SET UCONNMODETIMER: T323=D0; //current is invalid
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: PROCESSSWITCH=FD_TAC_MATCH_SWITCH-0; //this is already 0
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: PROCESSSWITCH2=RNC_FD_SCRI_FORCE_REL_SWITCH-1; //cuirrent is 0
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: OptimizationSwitch=RNC_EFD_D2F_SWITCH-1; //this is already 1
SET UPSINACTTIMER:PsInactTmrForFstDrmDch=2; //current is 4
SET UPSINACTTIMER:PsInactTmrForFstDrmFach=5; //cureent is 5
SET UPSINACTTIMER:PsInactTmrForPreFstDrm=1800; //current is 1800
SET UUESTATETRANS:FastDormancyF2DHTvmThd=D512; // current is 1024
SET UDPUCFGDATA: PagingSwitch=ON; //curren is ON
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: PROCESSSWITCH2=RNC_PS_QUERY_UE_IMEI_SWITCH-1; //current is 1.

//Disallowing fast dormancy UEs to be switched to the URA_PCH state when EFD is enabled:
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: PROCESSSWITCH=RNC_DF_2_URA_PCH_SWITCH-0; // current is 0

//Activating the FACH parameter optimization strategy

SET UCACALGOSWITCH: CacSwitch=FACH_60_USER_SWITCH-1;
SET UCORRMPARA: PerfEnhanceSwitch1=PERFENH_FACH_CONG_D2IDLE_SWITCH-0;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: OptimizationSwitch=P2D_SWITCH-1;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH:PROCESSSWITCH3=RNC_TVM_BASED_P2D_SWITCH-1;
SET UCORRMPARA: PerfEnhanceSwitch=PERFENH_PSTRAFFIC_P2H_SWITCH-1;
SET UCORRMPARA: PerfEnhanceSwitch1=PERFENH_P2D_FAIL_RETRY_SWITCH-1;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: PROCESSSWITCH3=RNC_F2D_RLC_SUSPEND_SWITCH-1;
SET UCORRMPARA: PerfEnhanceSwitch=PERFENH_TX_INTERRUPT_AFT_TRIG_SWITCH-1;
SET UUESTATETRANS: TxInterruptAfterTrig=D2000;
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: CmpSwitch=CMP_F2P_PROCESS_OPTIMIZATION_SWITCH-1;

//Activating the combined services parameter optimization strategy

SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: MapSwitch=MAP_CSPS_PS_UL_USE_DCH_SWITCH-1;
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: MapSwitch=MAP_CSPS_PS_DL_USE_DCH_SWITCH-1;
SET UFRC:ULDCHBEUPPERLIMITFORAMR=D8;
SET UFRC:DLDCHBEUPPERLIMITFORAMR=D8;//Activating other parameter optimization strategies
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: OptimizationSwitch=AMR_F2D_OVERLAP_CELLUPT_SWITCH-1;
SET UCORRMPARA:PerfEnhanceSwitch1=PERFENH_F2P_LIMIT_WITH_CS_IU_CON_SWITCH-1;
MOD UCELLMEAS: CellId=XXX, InterFreqInterRatMeasInd=INTER_FREQ_AND_INTER_RAT,FACHMeasInd=INTER_FREQ_AND_INTER_RAT,
FACHMeasOccaCycleLenCoef=6;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: OptimizationSwitch4=RB_SETUP_F2D_USE_AM_RLC_SWITCH-1;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH: OptimizationSwitch4=RB_RECFG_F2D_USE_AM_RLC_SWITCH-1;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH:PROCESSSWITCH4=RRC_CELLFACH_DL_TRB_RESET_TO_F2D_SWITCH-1;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH:ImprovementSwitch=SEND_UE_CAP_ENQ_RELOC_CCH_SWITCH-1;
SET UNBMPARA:PerfEnhanceSwitch=PERFENH_CRNTI_OPT_SWITCH-1;
SET UDPUCFGDATA: RLCSDURETRANSMISSION=ON;
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: CmpSwitch2=CMP_F2D_RLC_ONESIDE_REBUILD_SWITCH-1;
SET URRCTRLSWITCH:OptimizationSwitch5=RB_CU_FAIL_RRC_REL_CELL_OPT_SWITCH-1;