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A web server is a computer system that processes requests via HTTP, the basic
network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web. The term
can refer to the entire system, or specifically to the software that accepts and
supervises the HTTP requests
The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to
clients. The communication between client and server takes place using the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Pages delivered are most frequently HTML
documents, which may include images, style sheets and scripts in addition to text
content.
Multiple web servers may be used for a high traffic website; here, Dell servers are
installed together being used for the Wikimedia Foundation.
A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by
making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with
the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so. The resource is
typically a real file on the server's secondary storage, but this is not necessarily the
case and depends on how the web server is implemented.
While the primary function is to serve content, a full implementation of HTTP also
includes ways of receiving content from clients. This feature is used for submitting
web forms, including uploading of files.
WORKING
A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve
the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are
forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients. All computers that host Web sites
must have Web server programs.
Whenever you view a web page on the internet, you are requesting that page from a
web server. When you type a URL into your browser (for example,
http://www.google.com), your browser requests the page from the web server and
the web server sends the page back:
The above diagram is a simplistic version of what occurs.
Browser Resolves the Domain Name to an IP Address
Browser Requests the Full URL
Web Server sends the Requested Page
Browser Displays the Webpage
FEATURES
virtual hosting
Support for large files
Bandwidth throttling to regulate network traffic and mitigate bandwidth
congestion
server side scripting for creation of dynamic web pages
Apache HTTP Server
Introduction
The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache (/əˈpætʃiː/ əPAchee), is
free and opensource crossplatform web server software, released under the terms
of Apache License 2.0. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community
of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation.
The Apache HTTP Server is crossplatform; as of 1 June 2017 92% of Apache
HTTPS Server copies run on Linux distributions.[5] Version 2.0 improved support
for nonUnix operating systems such as Windows and OS/2.[6] Old versions of
Apache were ported to run on OpenVMS[7] and NetWare.
Originally based on the NCSA HTTPd server, development of Apache began in
early 1995 after work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache played a key role in the
initial growth of the World Wide Web,[8] quickly overtaking NCSA HTTPd as the
dominant HTTP server, and has remained most popular since April 1996. In 2009, it
became the first web server software to serve more than 100 million websites.[9] As
of July 2016 was estimated to serve 46% of all active websites and 43% of the top
million websites.[
Features
Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules
which extend the core functionality.
It is free to download and install.
It is open source: the source code is visible to anyone and everyone, which
basically enables anyone (who can rise up to the challenge) to adjust the code,
optimize it, and fix errors and security holes. People can add new features and
write new modules.
It suits all needs: Apache can be used for small websites of one or two pages,
or huge websites of hundreds and thousands of pages, serving millions of
regular visitors each month. It can serve both static and dynamic content.
Working
Apache's main role is all about communication over networks, and it uses the
TCP/IP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol which allows
devices with IP addresses within the same network to communicate with one
another).
The Apache server is set up to run through configuration files, in which directives
are added to control its behavior. In its idle state, Apache listens to the IP addresses
identified in its config file (HTTPd.conf). Whenever it receives a request, it analyzes
the headers, applies the rules specified for it in the Config file, and takes action.
Architecture
IIS
Internet Information Services (IIS, formerly Internet Information Server) is an
extensible web server created by Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family.[2]
IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It has been an
integral part of the Windows NT family since Windows NT 4.0, though it may be
absent from some editions (e.g. Windows XP Home edition), and is not active by
default.
Internet Information Services (IIS) 7 and later provide a requestprocessing
architecture which includes:
The Windows Process Activation Service (WAS), which enables sites to use
protocols other than HTTP and HTTPS.
A Web server engine that can be customized by adding or removing modules.
Integrated requestprocessing pipelines from IIS and ASP.NET.
Working
IIS (Internet Information Server) is one of the most powerful web servers from
Microsoft that is used to host your Web application. IIS has it’s own Process
Engine to handle the request. So, when a request comes from client to server, IIS
takes that request and process it and send response back to clients.
Architecture
The whole architecture of IIS is
1)Kernel mode
a)http.sys
2)User Mode
a) Web admin service (WAS)
b) Virtual Directory
c) Application pool
Feature/functio New or
Summary
nality Updated
Centralized Provides a single SSL certificate store for a server farm
New
Certificates and simplifies the management of SSL bindings.
Enables administrators to configure IIS 8 to block
Dynamic IP access for IP addresses that exceed the specified
New
Restrictions number of requests and to specify the behavior when an
IP address is blocked.
FTP Logon
Restricts the number of failed logon attempts that can
Attempt New
be made to an FTP account in a specified time period.
Restrictions
Enables web administrators to configure IIS 8 to
Application
New initialize web applications, so the application is ready
Initialization
for the first request.
Provides support for NUMA hardware, which allows
NUMAaware
New 32128 CPU cores. This support provides near optimal
scalability
outofthebox performance on NUMA hardware.
Limits CPU, memory, and bandwidth consumption by
IIS CPU
Updated a single application pool in a multitenant deployment.
Throttling
IIS 8 includes additional throttling options.
Difference
1.Apache is free while IIS is packaged with Windows.
2. IIS only runs on Windows while Apache can run on almost any OS including
UNIX, Apple’s OS X, and on most Linux Distributions.
3. ASPX runs only in IIS.
4. IIS has a dedicated staff to answer most problems while support for Apache comes
from the community itself.
5. IIS is optimized for Windows because they are from the same company.
6. The Windows OS is prone to security risks.