Characterization of Synthesized Carbonated

Hydroxyapatite from eggshell via Planetary Ball Milling

Supervisor : Madam Zarina binti Omar
Student : Amalina binti Abdul Halim
Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is often related to medical sectors as the components are famous for bone and teeth substitutions especially when Calcium Phosphate
is one of the most important minerals needed by bones and teeth. Eggshell wastes have a rich content of Calcium and other components in it.
Abundance of eggshell wastes can create a mess by polluting the environment. Hence, as it can be a very useful biomaterial, these useful components
should be used so that it can contribute back to human and nature. Carbonated Hydroxyapatite, Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2 and its components were
successfully derived from chicken eggshell via Planetary Ball Milling from the earlier research. The parameters of these carbonated hydroxyapatite
samples include temperature of calcination, speed of ball milling, ratio of phosphoric acid: eggshell and also duration of ball milling. The samples
synthesized then went through a few simple methods of drying at 70°C for 4 hours in an oven, crushing using mortar and sieving before each sample
were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and also Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The characteristics of
Hydroxyapatite structure was achieved from the graphical analyze achieving the objectives that want to be achieved.

Problem Statement Objectives

 Abundance of mineral rich eggshells left to waste  To study characteristics of carbonated Hydroxyapatite powders
 Cost effective bioceramic material for medical field (Assoc Prof using FTIR, TGA and DSC methods.
Dr Iis Sopyan, M. F. Raihana, M. Hamdi, & S. Ramesh, 2008)  To compare trends of carbonated Hydroxyapatite formation

Brief Methodology Result

6 hour, 200 rpm, 2:1, 800°C 6 hour, 400 rpm, 3:1 6 hour, 200 rpm, 2:1

Effects of temperature on structure of Hydroxyapatite

Effects of ratio Effects of duration

Conclusion
Commercialization A few attempts was taken to observe the trends of hydroxyapatite when analyzed using
FTIR, TGA and DSC methods. Performance was evaluated and objective of experiment
 Bone and Teeth implant or replacement is achieved successfully.

References
[1] Assoc Prof Dr Iis Sopyan, M. F. Raihana, M. Hamdi, & S. Ramesh. (2008). Novel
Chemical Conversion of Eggshell to Hydroxyapatite Powder. 4th Kuala Lumpur
International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2008, Vol 1, pp 333-336.