Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Atsushi Kurosawa
The Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), JAPAN
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
1
Outline
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
- Technology and Institution
3. Summaries
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
2
Outline
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
- Technology and Institution
3. Summaries
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
3
Energy System in Building Sector
Source: Modified from ‘Urban Energy System’, Y. Shimoda (2014)
Urban Building Residents/Workers
Renewable Energy (e.g. Solar)
Enduse
Waste and/or
Efficiency
Building
Heat
(bldg. scale) Cooling
Lighting
Service (Utility)
Distributed
En-Supply
(urban scale) Cooking
Power
Oil Products ICT
Gas Other
Appliances
Electricity
High
Smart Grid and/or Micro Grid
Efficiency
Equipment
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
- Technology and Institution
3. Summaries
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
5
Buildings ‐ Energy Demand and CO2 emissions
Global bldg. energy demand (EJ)
200
31% of total demand in 2013, 40% in 2050
(6DS) 150
6DS
Most of future growth expected in developing 100 4DS
regions Global Buildings
2DS
50
Bldg. energy demand drivers Energy Demand
Numbers of household 0
2013 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Floor space (Source: ETP2016, IEA)
(GtonCO2)
Appliances 5
cooperation and stakeholder involvement to assist 2013 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
6
ZEB/ZEH – Definition and Goal
*ZEB/ZEH: Net Zero Energy Building / House
Definition
Annual net energy consumption is nearly zero.
Goal
Net zero energy consumption in buildings around
mid-century to prepare long-term zero emission
target
Achieved by energy conservation and renewable
energy integration
Energy conservation FIRST -energy efficient
appliances and structure, energy management
Renewable energy integration to assist net zero
energy consumption
METI(JP)
UNEP(Intl.) KEA(KR)
BCA(SG)
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22,
Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Roadmap Variations ‐ Climate and Air Conditioning
Average Temperature HDD / Heating Demand
(Source: Wisconsin U. original data from CRU, U. East Anglia) (Source: WRI)
(Source: Wisconsin U. original data from CRU, U. East Anglia) (Source: WRI)
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, 12
Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Roadmap Variations ‐ Climate and Air Conditioning
Source : Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings
Based on Scenario Analysis May 2012 (Global Building Performance Network)
Climate variation
Three types of roadmap
Moderate & humid
Heating, cooling &
dehumidification
Cold
High heating demand
- Only heating
Hot
High Cooling Demand (with
Dehumidification)
- Only cooling
Discomfort Index
Discomfort index
Function of ambient temperature
and relative humidity 13
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Climate and Air Conditioning in Africa
Source : Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings
Cooling demand Based on Scenario Analysis May 2012 (Global Building Performance Network)
Very high
High
Low and moderate
(Source: WRI)
Both cooling and heating
Morocco and others
Dehumidification demand
Yes – green (right figure)
/ No – other colors
(Source: WRI) Estimated economic losses from by
heat stress
Dissemination of high-efficiency
indoor and outdoor air-conditioning
supports sustainable growth of
(Source: Wisconsin U.
original data from Africa to avoid estimated losses.
CRU, U. East Anglia) 14
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
ZEB/ZEH Technology Roadmap ‐ Concept
Climate zones
Moderate & humid, cold, hot
Energy demand of moderate-high temperature and humid regions will increase drastically.
Technology categories
Active - Air conditioning, hot water, lighting
Passive - Envelope, aperture
Management
Renewable energy integration
Technology indicators
Efficiency, cost, fuel, maturity
Climate zone – Moderate & humid, cold, hot
Building vintage
New, retrofit
Common technological elements for ZEB and ZEH. However, realization of ZEH could be faster
than ZEB, because of its relatively low energy density.
References
IEA roadmaps, METI, NEDO etc.
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ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Example : Active technology Status (Air Conditioning)
(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources
Technology Efficiency Equipment Fuel type** Fuel Maturity* Climate*** Other Information
% cost* cost*
Boiler 70-88 L G/O/B M-H H C,M Floor, Panel heating
(notes) * L:Low, M:Medium, H:High / ** G:gas, O:Oil, B:Biomass, S:Solar, E:Electricity, H:Hydrogen / *** C:Cold, M:Moderate & Humid, H:Hot
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ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Roadmap for Moderate & Humid Regions ‐ Active Technology
2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
High-performance System
Dehumidification material integration
g
Market diffusion support
Active technology
Water Heater
Condensing Boiler Market diffusion support
17
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Roadmap for Moderate & Humid Regions ‐ Passive Technology
2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Ventilation
Construction Technology
Room, floor, roof etc. Market diffusion support
Shading
Passive technology
Insulation
New materials for insulator
Envelope UA*1<0.35 Cost down technologygy
Market diffusion support
Sealing
Cost down tech.
ACH*5<0.5 Standardization
Market diffusion support
(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources
18
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Roadmap for Moderate & Humid Regions ‐ Energy Management and Renewable Integration
2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
EMS*1×IoT*2
Optimal demand response control
Energy management
PV*4
Cost down
Rooftop technology
gy
Market diffusion support
Renewables
*1 Energy management system *2 Internet of things *3 Power line communication :Matured, diffusion through mass production
*4 Photovoltaics :Tech. R&D to achieve target cost and performance
(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources
19
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
ZEB/ZEH Market Creation: Technology and Institution
(source) summarized by The Institute of Applied Energy from various information sources
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016 21
R&D Example(2): Commercial Building Cooling
Developed for ZEB HVAC prototype.
Liquid cooling for energy conservation and comfort. Source: NEDO, Japan
Low temp. chilled water (7degC). Chilled water temp. (21degC) is close to
Temp. distribution is not uniform. room temp. Uniform temp. distribution.
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016 22
Concept of New Commercial Building Cooling
System Concept Subsystem Hot Water
Source: NEDO, Japan
Unit or Equipment Chilled Water
(6) ZEB energy (2) Desiccant air conditioning for
management system outdoor latent heat exchange
Desiccant
air conditioning.
Chilled Heat
20
Beam exchange
Solar Heat 55 unit for LEDs
degC
degC
Absorption PC
refrigerator Heat
exchange
unit
Heat
exchange
Water Heat
recov.
unit
source 21
water
HP degC
Chilled
water outlet
Leakage breaker
(5) Heat recovery from indoor (4) Liq. cooling piping inside building
heat source 23
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Outline
2. Toward ZEB/ZEH
- Technology and Institution
3. Summaries
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
24
Summaries – Proposals (1)
Sharing net zero energy building as a concept
ZEB/ZEH concept in newly constructed buildings and houses
Renovation to ZEB/ZEH at retrofitting timings
Achievement of net-zero energy building stocks in the long-run
Immediate action via stakeholder involvement
Challenges for ZEB/ZEH market creation (especially for retrofit)
Some elemental technologies have been available already.
Equipment and envelope
Retrofit of envelope – expensive
Life of building is long and stakeholders are diverse.
25
ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016
Summaries – Proposals (2)
International technology collaboration and roadmap
Collaboration measures on ZEB/ZEH
Technology collaboration network outreach
Diffusion policy comparison
Harmonization with urban policies
Establishment of international standards
Roadmap sharing
Transparent approach for all global regions
ZEB/ZEH roadmap reflection to climate policy
Huge benefits through good practices and
capacity building of stakeholders
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ICEF Roadmap Launch Event, Japan Pavilion, COP22, Marrakech, Morocco, November 16, 2016