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    13 Ansichten7 Seiten

    Chlorine Dioxida

    Hochgeladen von

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    na

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ‘US 2008) cu») United States 1304081 cz) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2008/0113040 A1 Doona et al. 6 (76) Inveators: Christopher J. Deona, Marlboro, MA (US); Florence E, Feeherry, Wellesley, MA (US); Kenneth Kustin, San Dicyo, CA (US); Maria Curtin, Easton, MA ws) Coresponilence Address: Natick Soldier RDEC 15 Kansas Street Natick, MA 01760-5035 (US) (21) Appl.Nos — 120008,035 (22) Filed Jan, 8, 2008 (63) Continuation-in-pare of application No, 11/105,211 filed on Ape 13, 2005, which isa contination-in-pat of application No, 10/988, 442, fled on Nov. 10, 2004 (43) Pub. Date May 15, 2008 ication Classification SI) Inch AOIN (2) US.CL som (2006.01) 424/661 on ABSTRACT ‘The present invention provides for a method of generating an aqueous solution comprising chlorine dioxide using a chlo rine-containing chemical oxidant; an effector having the capacity to edice sad chlorine-contaning chemical oxidant ‘achemical reductant; and water and operating in either batch ‘or continuous-flow modes. In batch mode, the aqueons chlo rine dioxide solution can be device, erated in a spray bottle, ora bucket to disinfect objects by spraying and wiping by pouring, or by immersion, respectively. In continuous flaw mode, the aqueons chlorine dioxide solution ean be generated in low tubes of eoatinvousstieted tank reactors, then placed inside a suitable sprayer device, botle, or bucket. US 2008/0113040 AI PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AQUEOUS: ‘CHLORINE DIOXIDE FOR SURFACE, DISINFECTION AND DECONTAMINATION, (CROSS-REPERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This is. continuation-n-part of US. patent appli ‘eatin Ser. No, 11/105,21, filed Ape. 13, 2005, which i 3 ‘contination in par of patent application Ser. No. 10/988.442 filed Nov. 10,2004, inthe names of Christopher J. Doons et ‘al, which applications are incorporated in thei entirety herein by reference. ‘STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST [0002] The invention described herein may be manufae- tured and used by the USS. Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty thereon, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] 1. Field oFthe Invention [0008] The present invention relates to lightweight, por lable, selecontained devices to disinfect microbiologically ‘contaminated surfaces andlor equipment and whose opera tion does not require external power sources. The invention, more specifically, relates to sch deviews that use chemical methods fo generate aqueous solutions of disinfectant, which allow: immersion of contaminated objects or ate dispensed “iretly or sprayed as a ine mist onto contaminated surfaces, for purposes of reducing or eliminating inhabitant microor anisms, [0005] 2. Description of the Prior Art [0006] ‘There is # need for on-site decontamination of su Tees, such as the surfaces of military field feeding equip- ment, food contact surfaces, food processing or handling ‘equipment, and the surfaces of such foods as melons, strw= berries, apples, tomatoes, and other sliced or whole fits and vegetables. This need cannot be met by the application of mild disinfectant solutions in which te disinfecting agent is not poweeful enough (for example, hydrogen peroxide or ‘dotegent), the concentration ofthe disinfectant is too dilute ‘o rapidly Kill he target microorganisms insufficient mum bers, o the concentration of the lethal chemical agent is 100 shortved due to chemical decomposition. In eontradistine- tion, the power-fre generation af chlorine dioxide solution meets the requirements for safe, rapid, and easily deployed ‘dccontamination system without altering the quality of food stulls while minimizing potential hazards 10 the user, the ‘eaviroament, or consumer of such food-prepaation surfaces, and equipment and food. [0007] Powerful disinfectant agents such as chlorine, ‘ozone, oF cloransines utilize individnaized and often heavy ‘equipment that is electrically powered and require special handling. Ozone rapidly degrades chemically and must be ‘continunvsly generated trough specialized electrically pow= ‘ered equipment to maintain an elfective lethal dose. During fand alter the microbial decontamination process, these ‘chomical agents proxivce harmful by-products in the work place atmosphere that potentially can be harmful to human health or the environment. Chlorine isan effotve disintee tant of wastewaters, but chlorine is also known to react with ‘organic matter to produce harmful ehlorinated by-produets oF May 15, 2008 careinogenie compounds such as carbon tetrachloride, Aleo- bolic solutions require immersion or scrubbing, which may ‘not reach inaccessible surlaees Suel as the calyx region of ‘apples or inside the webbing on the surlace of eanialoupe ‘inds), or may bo undesirable when contacting Food peepara- tion surfaces, Zoodstulls, or other consumables [0008] |The basis ofthe present invention isa novel method ‘hatha been developed fr the controlled generation of aue- ‘us solutions of ehlorine dioxide without requiring the nse of power, or where sparks, flames and fre are hazardous, unat- ‘ainable, or otherse undesirable. This method is likewise stitale fora lightweight, portable assembly for disinfection of microbiologically contaminated equipment, surfiees, and factual foodstuffs and iavolves small amounts of safe. dry chemical reagents. The chemical combination that has been ‘developed for ths purpose is convenient to cary and mixes readily with water to controllably generate biocidal chlorine oxide solutions (US. patent application Ser. No, 10°88, ‘442, Publication Number US2006'0097222 Al, Chemical. Combination for Chemical Generation of Disinfectant and Heat, Doona etal), [0009] This novel chemical combination has boen used ‘inside closed containers to generate humid gaseous chlorine dioxide environments (US. patent application Ser. No. 11/105,21, Publication Number US200610099121 AI, Por- ‘able Chemical Sterilizer, Doona et a). One particular pur- pose of this technology is the power-fre sterilization of ‘redical equipment and surgical insirumeats in austere cay ronments as may be encountered by military farforwaed sur sical teams, disaster lief workers, emergency fist-respond- er, oF by humanitarian si workers in third workl countries. This technology has also been used under less stringent con- ditions to eliminate bacterial pathogens such as Listeria ‘monocytogenes and Escherichia coli from the surfaces of tomatoes without diseoloring the fruit o to inactivate the polyphenoloxidase enzyme in sliced apples, thereby prevent- Jing enzymatic browning ofthe ext apple tissue with expostre {o ambient oxygen. The container configuration has been _gencmlly aimed at having sufficient size and capacity to ald 4 standard tray of surgical instruments, but the container ‘ontiguration can be varied without changing the fundamen- ‘al principles of operation or procedure for achieving target ‘microbial kills. [0010] | Lare-scale food handling equipment and food eon- fact surfaces such as countertops and cutting boards in need of disinfection cannot ulwaysbe conveniently removed, sepa- ‘ated, or inserted into reasonably sized containers for expo- sure ta ehlorine dioxide environment. However, chlorine oxide cen be used o sanitize surfaces that come into contact ‘ith food, and thereby prevent the spread of food-borne i ‘esses through direct contactor through secondary conta nation, by developing an alternative method of dispensing, elivering, or contacting the chlorine dioxide to these con. ‘aminated surlaces. [0011] ‘Therefore an object of this invention is to control Jably generate aqueous solutions of bioeidal chlorine dioxide ‘using the chemical combination described above, anda nm ‘erat variants thereof, ina manner differnt from that used to create humid gnseows chlorine dioxide environments in closed containers for purposes of medical steilzation or pradce decontamination, also described above. The chen ‘al combination consists of mixtures of prescribed amou US 2008/0113040 AI chlorite (NaClO,), sodium sulfite (Na,80,), sodium hydrogen ascorbate (C,f1,0,Na),and water that react in either batch mode or in continnous- ew processes to gen- ‘erate an agueous solution of ehlorine dioxide, The bate mode generation of aqueous chlorine dioxide solution can involve the use of a container comprising a lightweight, por table, handheld, elosable plastic bottle (rigid plastic or flex- ‘ble plastic pouch material work equally well) and equipped ‘with an adapter to receive a manvally-operated tigger sprayer commonly found on ordinary household cleansers Aer generation, the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution ean be dispensed directly onto the mierobiologically contami- nated surfaces from the opened plastic bttleor delivered as @ fine mist or aerosol by spraying after losing the botle with the spray device to achieve the intended surface disinfection ‘or decontamination process. Alternatively, the batch mode ‘Reneration of aqueous chlorine dioxide solution ean involve a ‘container comprising an open bucket that either allows for ‘immersion of contaminated objects suchas fresh produce into the disinfecting solution, of into which can be immersed sponges or mops to transfer the chlorine dioxide to the target ‘rea for leasing and disinfection, Another alternative com- prises continuous-flow systems comprising tubes or eontin- ‘slow sted tank reactors that are open toa feed of fresh reagents at a controlled rte and tht also allow chemical reaction o fake place and produce the aqueous chlorine diox- ide disinfectant solution that may thenbe placed into bucket, bottle, or sprayer device [0012] As indicated above, to accomplish these objectives, ‘one cannot simply ining procedures described i patent application Ser. No. 11/105,211. Rather, one must ‘determine appropriate variants of the novel chemical combi nation described in U.S. patent application Ser. No, 10988, 442, elect an appropriate sprayer deviee, bottle, or bucket, and develop a mixing procedure. Tis disclosure details this nove process apparatus, and procedure for accomplishing an !aquects chlorine dioxide solution forelfctive disinfection oodbomne or infectious microorganisms contaminating sur- such as chlorine, ethylene oxide, and ‘Tuorine-containing interhalogens are stable but highly reae- tive chemicals that must be teansported in bulky, secure con- iners to ensure softy. While these chemicals can be trans- ported they are not efficacious in. food-preparation ‘environments because of thor large weight, srs, and incon- venient and ineffective methods of aplication. Traditional micthods of generating chlorine diode are too cumbersome, too slow, oF too hazardous to allow disinfection of surfaces snd foodstlls, [0014] Forexample, Svoboda etal. US, Pat, No. 4021 585 teaches the spraying of Ieshly slaughtered meat carcasses With ehlorine dioxide solutions for disinfection without bleaching or discoloring the meat surface. However, the chlo- is generated “with commercially available equip ‘which would be unstable fora kitchen or dining area Toeation, especially those that are transportable for mi tary il feoding, forthe reasons indicated above. [0015] Electrochemical methods usually mise the oxida- tion number of chlorine within # elorine-containing eom- pound, eg. oxidizing aqueous chloride solutions, often brines, Rojas, Ser. No. 10/447.572, Publication Number US 20040104127. Chemical methods favor the formation of May 15, 2008 chlorine gas for this purpose, Jeffies, Leta. US. Pat, No. 4,908,188. Alternatively, the oxidation number of chlorine in @ chlorine-containing compound can be lowered. For ‘example, reductionof sodium chlorate by hydrogen peroxide, alycerol or sucrose has been suggested, Khan etal. US, Pat No. 6.287.533, These methods require high temperatures andloreatalysts, andl are not suitable for sae, rapid generation fof chlorine dioxide solutions in a hospital, ktehen or other {ood processing environment, [0016] Because of chlorine dioxide’s potential as a wor ‘lace, health clinic or home disinfectant, methods have been ‘developed to circumvent these of inconvenient and heavy oF pressurized eylinder-requiring electrochemical equipment or Fhazardous strong oxidants such as bypochlorous ack. ese methods are based on proton transfer to sodium chlorite by ‘acidification, Acidification-generated chlonous acid dispro- portionates, producing chloride and chlorate ions and various mounts ofchlorine dioxide. The prior art shows tat chlorine dioxide so produced can be used for disinfection in food processing plans [0017] For example, Mason etl. US. Pat, No. 4,731,193 And US. Pat No, 4.889.654 disclose an aqueous foam com- taining chlorine dioxide for his purpose. The patent claims to ‘mask the odor of chlorine dioxide, because “is strong. ‘unpleasant odor when dissolved in water makes i impossible to spray al concentrations necessary to achieve sanitation.” ‘Mason tal, do notteach anew method of generating chlorine oxide, The patent states that"... generating the eblorine

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