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Our operations are based in Mathura (UP) and from here we intend to
cater all over country. We are awarded fourth times by First Prize in Uttar
Pradesh Pavilion in International Trade Fair, Pragti Maidan, New Delhi.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
AMITY VISION
"A world class organization through
Consistent improvement in Quality at all level.”
AMITY MISSION
To practice continuous improvement in production and
delivery processes through leading-edge value-addition and
leveraging technology
INVERTERS
Wide range of inverters from analogue to digital from quasi sine wave to
pure sine wave, from 200VA, 500VA, 650VA, 1250VA, Analogue to sine
wave 500VA TO 500 KVA INVERTERS.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
TELECOMMUNICATION
SERVO STABILIZER
Servo Three Phase and Single Phase Voltage stabilizer which are highly
functional and work effectively. Our servo voltage stabilizers match with
international standards. Their controlled flow of voltage protects domestic
and commercial electrical & electronic system from power fluctuation.
An ISO 9001:2000 certified organization we are amongst the reliable
manufacturer ofpower conditioning equipment like servo stabilizer, AC
stabilizer, UPS’s and motors. Our equipment is used for high efficiency and
accurate performance
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
TYPES OF INVERTER
Square wave
The square wave output has a high harmonic content, not suitable for
certain AC loads such as motors or transformers. Square wave units were
the pioneers of inverter development.
Modified sine wave
The output of a modified square wave, quasi square, or modified sine wave
inverter is similar to a square wave output except that the output goes to
zero volts for a time before switching positive or negative. It is simple and
low cost (~$0.10USD/Watt) and is compatible with most electronic devices,
except for sensitive or specialized equipment, for example certain laser
printers, fluorescent lighting, audio equipment.
Most AC motors will run off this power source albeit at a reduction in
efficiency of approximately 20%
Multilevel
A multilevel inverter synthesizes a desired voltage from several levels of
direct current voltage as inputs. The advantages of using multilevel
topology include reduction of power ratings of power devices and lower
cost. There are three topologies - diode clamped inverter, flying capacitor
inverter and cascaded inverter.
Pure sine wave
A pure sine wave inverter produces a nearly perfect sine wave output (less
than 3% total harmonic distortion) that is essentially the same as utility
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
supplied grid power. Thus it is compatible with all AC electronic devices.
This is the type used in grid-tie inverters. Its design is more complex, and
costs more per unit power.
Resonant
Resonant inverters are based on resonant current oscillation.
Grid tie
A grid tie inverter is a sine wave inverter designed to inject electricity into
the electric power distribution system. Such inverters must synchronise
with the frequency of the grid. They usually contain one or more Maximum
power point tracking features to extract the maximum amount of power,
and also include safety features.
Synchronous
A synchronous inverter connects to a grid and allows routing to or from the
grid depending on need.
Stand-alone
A stand-alone inverter is often used to convert direct current produced by
renewable energy sources like solar panels or small wind turbines for
power to homes and small industries, mostly in remote locations lacking a
utility grid.
Solar
A solar inverter can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by an
off-grid electrical network. Solar inverters have special functions adapted
for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking
and anti-islanding protection.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
APPLICATIONS
DC power source utilization
Inverter designed to provide 115 VAC from the 12 VDC source provided in
an automobile. The unit shown provides up to 1.2 amperes of alternating
current, or enough to power two sixty watt light bulbs.
An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar
panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required
voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains
operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.
Micro-inverters convert direct current from individual solar panels into
alternating current for the electric grid. They are grid tie designs by default.
Uninterruptible power supplies
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to
supply AC power when main power is not available. When main power is
restored, a rectifier supplies DC power to recharge the batteries.
Induction heating
Inverters convert low frequency main AC power to higher frequency for use
in induction heating. To do this, AC power is first rectified to provide DC
power. The inverter then changes the DC power to high frequency AC
power.
HVDC power transmission
With HVDC power transmission, AC power is rectified and high voltage DC
power is transmitted to another location. At the receiving location, an
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the
power dissipated as waste heat.
The block diagram of Inverter system is shown in left side fig. (a). We an
understand the basic principle a inverter by the fig. (b), as shown in block
diagram. The D.C. voltage goes to the oscillator circuit through D.C.;
source. The oscillator provides the same designed frequency as D.C.
source; signal at low voltage appliances. The low voltage A.C. output by
the oscillator is fed to a transformer, which has properties of step down.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
We used Transformer because getting the required level of A.C. voltage. In
fig.
(b) switch 'S' is directly connected alternately, at position 1 &2. At a fast
speed switch S' is not closed to any of the terminal for long time. Then an
A.C. voltage will get occur across the Primary winding. We can easily
understand the direction of current in primary winding by fig. (b).
Thus we can get mains A.C. supply at its output. The main part of inverter
is a Battery, which works without any noise, without producing any smell or
other harmful radiation etc. This process directly attains us the function of
rectification. Normally inverter is an electrically operated device but it does
not require any special maintenance as electrical device. Domestic Inverter
is usually equipped with large batteries to provide continuous power at say
500 watt to 1 K watt.
(b) switch 'S is directly connected alternately at position 1 &2. At a fast
speed switch 'S is not closed to any of the terminal for long time. Then an
A.C. voltage will get occur across the Primary winding. We can easily
understand the direction of current in primary winding by fig. (b). Thus we
can get mains A.C. supply at its output. The main part of inverter is a
Battery, which works without any noise, without producing any smell or
other harmful radiation etc. This process directly attains us .the function of
rectification. Normally Inverter is an electrically operated device but it does
not require any special maintenance as electrical device. Domestic Inverter
is usually equipped with large batteries to provide continuous power at say
500 watt to 1 K watt.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
Cabinet
VISUAL INDUCTION:
Light green (Charging)--Cut off at 13.8 V (float charging)
Dark green (over load) – Buzzer on (When load increases more then the
Capacity of inverter).
Yellow (inverter on) -- cut off at 10V.
Feature does away with the running about in the dark manually restart.
Vi) Inverter can be trippers due to overload during peak hours.
Vii) The automatic change from mains to Inverter and vice-versa
with a black out period, not exceeding milli second, good
quality, and better charging circuit is a very important aspect of
Inverter because battery life totally depends on it.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
FUSE:
Fuse is a most useful part of Inverter. For charging and mains Inverter we
use two fuses. For charging we use a fuse of rating 4 amps. And for mains
connection we use a fuse of rating 7 amps.
MAIN LEAD:
We use normally three types of wire of different colours as green, red and
black connected to the socket and fuse mains.
CONDENSER:
In Inverter we used the condenser for charging and discharging. For 500
watt Inverter, it has rating of 200 I IF, 5% 440 volt A.C. 50IIZ on the
temperature 85°C.
RELAY:
In 500 wattage Inverter to change over relay of rating 12 V D.C. and for 1 K
wattage inverter we uses 24 V D.C. relay. Relay has eight terminals in
which first two terminals are start and ending point of coil winding. In coil
when current starts to flow, then current develops a magnetization. Second
two terminals give A.C. voltage at power presence. Internally coil terminals
are connected parallaly to fuse terminals. At the third two terminals are
connected with mains fuse which provide inverter output in the form of
normal A.C. output last two terminals, one connected to the to the
condenser for charging and other connected to the transformer.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
This developed voltage of 12v is used to charge the battery. When mains
A.C. into get fails then the relay opretion in ON position which converts 12
v. A.C. into 12v. A.C. this 12v D.C. changes into 12v A.C. Through PCB
plate then big transformer (O/P 230v) converts 12v A.C. into 230v A.C.
because the output comes by battery charging. At power presence battery
charges by the output of small transformer (O/P 18v) through relay.
FRONT SIDE:
Requirement in Inverter:
In front side, five LED's are arranged which glows at the intructive direction
of using PCB system. These LEDs works indicators of different positions.
Indications of LED's are given below:-
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
RED - Auto ON
LIGHT GREEN - Charging
YELLOW - Inverter ON
DARK GREEN - Over Load
ORANGE - Low Battery
VESUAL INDICATION:-
Light Green (Charging) - Cut Off at 1 3.8 V (Float
Drank Green (Ovel Load) - Buzzer on When load increases
more than the capacity of Inverter)
Yellow (Inverter ON) - Charging) Cut OFF at 10 V.
e) Inverter:
It is also a circuit system of PCB in 500 wattage inverter 6 MOSFET's are
connected and in 1 K wattage Inverter 12 MOSFET's are connected with
long Heat sinks. These long I Heat sinks are connected with MOSFET to
prevent them from the Thermal Runaway. MOSFET's used to achieve high
Reliability and Efficiency.
Heat MOSFET's of them provides the half cycle of A.C. signal and other
half MOSFET; s provides next half cycle of A.C. signal.
Inverter has a IC 3524, in IC 3524, a pin called shut off pin". IC 324 has
four OP-AMP When OP-AMP gives overload amplified voltage then the
shut off pin of IC 324 get shut of and inverter comes M shut of position.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
TELECOMMUNICATION
EPABX (Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
The electronic private automatic branch exchange (EPABX) is equipment
that has made day-to-day working in the offices much simpler, especially in
the area of communication. The EPABX may be defined as a switching
system that makes available both internal and external stitching functions
of any organisation.The selection of an EPBAX is a difficult task and
requires deep knowledge of traffic pattern of the office. By using an EPABX
both the internal and external needs of the organisation are fully served.
With the advent of powerful microprocessors and advancements in the field
of computers, the EPBAX can boast of versatile features. Hotline can be
established between the boss and his immediate subordinates.
The feature of a call transferring and forwarding is another area enabling
mobility of the users. Auto conferencing and automatic redialing of numbers
found engaged on the first trial are some of other advancements in the
features of the EPBAX. The selection of an EPBAX for an organisation
should be preceded by a thorough study of the needs of the office. The
exchange should be supporting features like voice DISA-n-auto attendant.
This feature helps in doing away with a receptionist or an attendant.
Further, the specifications should ensure inbuilt paging, auto fax homing,
hot outward dialing, remote dialing; remote servicing and auto shut
dynamic lock.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
SERVO STABILIZER
Introduction
It is commonly observed that, AC main supply is never 230 Volt or 415 Volt,
but varies from 150 Volt - 300 volt and 300 Volt - 500 Volt. The difficulties
caused by them are well known, such as Over Load Condition, Line
Losses, Poor Power Factor and several other reasons. Generally constant
voltage which is required to load is never constant, but in fluctuation
manner. It is observed that during the daytime, the voltage is quiet low and
during the night the Voltage is high then the normal.
This fluctuation in supply system results frequent breakdown, low
production and also loss of energy. The performance of any electrical
equipment is optimum at its rated voltage. Both over / under voltages are
harmful for the system. The under voltage reduces efficiency whereas the
over voltage shortens the life.
The power agencies insist the consumer to fix the capacitor to improve
power factor to get better results in power saving. But Voltage is far more
important factor to save the power loss
In case of very Low / High voltages, the telecom systems are powered by
DG sets. Our Line Conditioner Unit meets the requirement of input voltage
variation from 110V - 300V (Single phase) and 300V - 550V (Three phase).
In India, there are large voltage variations in the mains power supply. To
overcome this problem, we are offering Line Conditioner Unit.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
General
power on one side, the generator on the other, and "off" in the middle,which
requires the user to switch through the full disconnect "off" position before
making the next connection.
Closed transition
A closed transition transfer switch is also called a make before break
transfer switch. In a typical emergency system, there is an inherent
momentary interruption of power to the load when it is transferred from one
available source to another (keeping in mind that the transfer may be
occurring for reasons other than a total loss of power). In most cases this
outage is inconsequential, particularly if it is less than 1/6 of a second.
There are some loads, however, that are affected by even the slightest loss
of power. There are also operational conditions where it may be desirable
to transfer loads with zero interruption of power when conditions permit. For
these applications, closed transition transfer switches can be provided. The
switch will operate in a make-before-break mode provided both sources are
acceptable and synchronized. Typical parameters determining
synchronization are: voltage difference less than 5%, frequency difference
less than 0.2 Hz, and relative phase angle between the sources of 5
electrical degrees. Since the maximum frequency difference is 0.2 Hz, the
engine will generally be required to be controlled by an isochronous
governor.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
Soft loading
A soft-loading transfer switch actively changes the amount of load accepted
by the generator.
Static transfer switch
A static transfer switch uses power semiconductors such as Silicon-
controlled rectifiers (SCRs) to transfer a load between two sources.
Because there are no mechanical moving parts, the transfer can be
completed rapidly, perhaps within a quarter-cycle of the power frequency.
Static transfer switches can be used where a reliable and independent
second source of power is available and it is necessary to protect the load
from even a few power frequency cycles interruption time, or from any
surges or sags in the prime power source.
Applications
Typical load switching applications for which closed transition transfer is
desirable include data processing and electronic loads, certain motor and
transformer loads, load curtailment systems, or anywhere load interruptions
of even the shortest duration are objectionable. A closed transition transfer
switch (CTTS) is not a substitute for a UPS (uninterruptible power supply);
a UPS has a built-in stored energy that provides power for a prescribed
period of time in the event of a power failure. A CTTS by itself simply
assures there will be no momentary loss of power when the load is
transferred from one live power source to another.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
Home use
Homes with standby generators may use a transfer switch for a few circuits
or the whole home. Different models are available, with both manual and
automatic transfer. Often small transfer switch systems use circuit breakers
with an external operating linkage as the switching mechanism.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
PREFACE
Our course of DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING is a three year
diploma course after 2nd year examination ,we have to do INDUSTRIAL
training of TWELVE WEEK, which is also called field exposure by this field
exposures we get the knowledge of technical institution.
This is a short training for the students about their related field. This training
gives on experience to the student for a particular job in which the possible
difficulties, that can arises between and the way in which they may
handling it successfully this training makes student more aware about the
advantages of related field.
I am completed my industrial training of “Amity Electronics Corporation”
Mathura. In my training, I learnt about Invertors, Stabilizer & ATS
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our diploma course is professional courses by which we get the changes
for job. It gives practical knowledge but this knowledge is not enough for to
days technical condition. Our government started industrial training for
improving this condition.
I pay my great thanks to the respected principal & staff of Electrical
department for there suggestions they helped me in industrial training and
visited their to solve problems.
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18
CONCLUSION
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CERTIFICATE
ABOUT THE COMPANY
PRODUCT
INTRODUCTION OF THE INVERTER
LIST OF THE COMPONENTS
DIFFRENCE BETWEEN 500 WATT & 1K WATT INVERTER
WORKING OF THE INVERTER
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF THE INVERTER
WORKING OF COMPONENTS
CHARGING OPRATION OF INVERTER
TELECOMMUNICATION
ELECTRONICS SECURITY SYSTEM
SERVO STABILIZER
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCHES
CONCLUSION
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
2017-18