Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Sequence impedances
Although the following focuses on loads, the
results apply equally well to lines, or lines
and loads. Read these notes together with
sections 12.6 and 12.9 of text.
Fig. 1
1
Let’s use KVL to write the voltage equations
for the three phase-to-ground voltages Vag,
Vbg, and Vcg as a function of the line currents
and the load impedances. Assume no mutual
coupling between phases.
Vag Z Y I a Z n I n
Vbg Z Y I b Z n I n
(1)
Vcg Z Y I c Z n I n
Vbg Z Y I b Z n I a I b I c
(3)
Vcg Z Y I c Z n I a I b I c
Vbg Z n I a Z Y Z n I b Z n I c
(4)
Vcg Z n I a Z n I b Z Y Z n I c
2
Vag Z Y Z n Zn Z n I a
Vbg Z n ZY Z n Z n I b (5)
Vcg Z n Zn Z Y Z n I c
3
To derive eq. (7), consider what we have:
eq. (6), repeated here for convenience.
V Z I (6)abc abc abc
4
Z S0 1 1 1 ZY 3Z n ZY ZY
1
Z S Z S 1 2 ZY 3Z n 2 ZY ZY
3
Z S 1 2 ZY 3Z n ZY 2 ZY
Vag0 ZY 3Z n 0 0 I a0
Vag 0 ZY 0 I a (12)
Vag 0 0 ZY I a
It means that
the only current that determines the zero
sequence voltage is the zero sequence
current.
the only current that determines the
positive sequence voltage is the positive
sequence current.
5
the only current that determines the
negative sequence voltage is the negative
sequence current.
This is the case whenever the impedance
matrix is diagonal, with off-diagonals all 0.
We say that the three equations represented
by the matrix relation are uncoupled in that
no variable (current) appears in more than
one equation.
6
Fig. 2
7
Some questions:
1. Why doesn’t the neutral impedance
appear in the positive & negative sequence
networks?
8
3. What do these three networks look like
if the neutral is solidly grounded (no
neutral impedance)?
9
6. What if the load (or line, or load and line)
is not symmetric?
Look at this case closely.
Z
ab
(14)ab
bb
ac
bc
Z ac Z bc Z cc
10
Z S0 Z S0 Z S0
1
Z S A Z abc A Z S 0 Z S Z S
Z S0 Z S Z S
1 1 1 Z aa Z ab Z ac 1 1 1
We will not go
1
1 2 Z ab Z bb Z bc 1 2
3
1 2 Z ac Z bc Z cc 1 2
Z Z 2Z
0
S aa ab (22)
S
Z Z Z Z
S aa ab (23)
12
ZY Z n Zn Zn
Z abc
Zn ZY Z n Z n
Z n Zn Z Y Z n
Z Y 3Z n 0 0
Z S 0 ZY 0
0 0 ZY
1
It is not true for rotating machines because positive sequence currents, rotating in the
same direction as the rotor, produce fluxes in the rotor iron differently than the negative
sequence currents which rotate in the opposite direction as the rotor.
13
the 0-sequence impedance Z is not equal
0
S
14