Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Keywords:
IoT; Smart Classroom; Internet; Connected devices; Education
1. Introduction
The concept of connected devices or things has given a new
rise of the Internet, anything, anywhere can get connected
with the Internet and becomes ‘Smart.' Connected devices
Fig. 1 Internet of Everything (source: Cisco)
can communicate with each other and share information
which can then further be processed to take some decisions.
The IoT network connects different types of devices like
This whole concept is named as ‘Internet of Things.'
personal computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, PDAs
According to Mark Weiser, “The most profound
and other hand-held embedded devices. Others include
technologies are those that disappear. They weave
devices to measure blood pressure, heart rate, devices like
themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are
biochip bracelets for pets or farm animals, devices to call
indistinguishable from it” [1]. Kevin Ashton first used the
emergency services, robots, autonomous vehicles, home
term Internet of Things in 1999. Since the beginning of
appliances, etc. These devices gather useful information
Internet of Things (IoT) many researchers have tried to
with a variety of sensors and data collection technology,
define IoT in various ways like Internet of Everything,
then transmits it to other processing devices for
Internet of Anything, Internet of People, Internet of Signs,
interpretation and decision-making [2].
Internet of Services, Internet of Data or Internet of
Processes [2]. According to [3], IoT represents ‘anything at
The number of connected devices is increasing enormously,
all, depending on requirements.' Cisco defines IoT as a
and many predictions have been made with this regard.
network of connected physical objects. Cisco also uses the
According to Gartner’s forecast, 20.8 billion new things
term Internet of Everything for both physical and virtual
will be connected by 2020 1 . According to Machina
objects. Cisco states that “IoE brings together people,
Research, the growth of IoT connections is wonderful: from
process, data, and things to make networked connections
6 billion in 2015 to 27 billion in 2025. The number of
more relevant and valuable than ever before—turning
cellular IoT connections will be 2.2 billion, and 45% of
information into actions that create new capabilities, richer
these will be in connected cars. The revenue forecast of IoT
in 2025 is 3 trillion US$. IoT will also generate over two
1
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3165317
Using IoT as a tool to improve education and make Three primary objectives in the Smart environment are
educational life easier, some of the related works in this learning, reasoning and predicting. In other words, creative
regard are presented here. A real attempt was made to use environments must learn or understand how the
and implement IoT technology in University of Padova [17]. environment works and thinks and must able to react
The primary focus of their study was to develop a Web according to the action or situation. A smart environment
Service Model for Wireless Sensor Network and to provide can be expressed “as one that can acquire and apply
a framework that had been validated through a case study. knowledge about the environment and its inhabitants to
These services were then implemented in the Information improve their experience in that environment”[24].
Engineering Department at the University of Padova. The
work examines the use of Cloud Computing and IoT in 3.1 IoT-based Smart Campus
incorporating the structure of education resources and
provides an integration model. Another[18] study discusses In general, almost all university campuses are connected to
the impact of four different technologies including IoT, the Internet, and on each campus, there are multiple objects
Cloud Computing, Data Mining and Triple-Play on new like windows, doors, projectors, printers, classrooms, labs,
distance education. The research work [19] describes the parking, and building, etc. Using sensors, RFID, NFC, QR
application of IoT and Cloud Computing in Education and tags and such other IoT technologies, these objects can be
also differentiates smart campus with the digital campus. converted to Smart objects [25]. A Smart Campus can be a
An integrated architectural model was presented to develop collection of multiple smart things in a single system. An
IoT system in an academic setup [13]. Figure 3 shows a heat intelligent campus may include following
map of 2016 which highlights education in IoT as the • Smart E-learning Application with IoT
hottest trend. • Smart IoT-based Classroom
• Smart IoT-based LAB Room
• IoT Sensors for Notes Sharing
• IoT Sensors for Mobiles Devices
• IoT-enabled Hotspot for Campus [12]
purpose of the study was to collect data from the crowd, which are productive, useful, and collaborative and
analyze them and to provide a view of value-added services managed through IoT.
[27].
Literature review shows that most of the recent studies
3.1.1 IoT-based Smart Classroom propose different models for smart classrooms. Many
advanced and innovative concepts are being proposed or
Smart classrooms concept means an intellectual
introduced in education like introducing IoT technology
environment equipped with advanced learning aids based
with crowdsourcing in e-education can be useful for
on latest technology or smart things. These smart things can
improving learning and teaching processes.
be cameras, microphones and many other sensors, which
can be used to measure student satisfaction regarding
learning or many other related things. The smart object
provides ease and comfort for class management. Use of
IoT in a classroom may help to provide a better learning and
teaching environment.
1) Smart Classroom Management: The term “classroom
management” means a way or approach a teacher uses to
control/manage his/her classroom. Smart devices have
made it possible for a teacher to decide when he should
speak louder when students are losing interest, or their
concentration level is decreasing [28].
The use of IoT devices for teaching and learning purposes
is a hot trend among institutions across the world which
provides a new and innovative approach to education and
classroom management. Such tools are already being
utilized. Some of the commonly used IoT devices in the
classroom are:
1
http://aldridge.com/future-iot-in-the-classroom-
education/
IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.17 No.5, May 2017 163
that can monitor and observe students’ reactions to a lecture 4. Challenges with Integration of IoT in
using sensing and monitoring technology. This IoT-based Education
smart classroom provides real-time feedback on lecture
quality which will help to improve the lecture quality [32]. For successful integration of IoT devices in a classroom
environment, an education provider may have to face many
3.1.2 IoT-based Smart Lab difficulties like network bandwidth, reliable Wi-Fi
Connection, web analytics, security, privacy, availability of
It is said that the “The college building (or campus) is the
devices for students, teacher training and cost of equipment,
lab.” This thinking is part of a movement that began in the
etc. Some of the challenges are discussed below.
EU, called Living Labs. Research was conducted to
combine several concepts together including IoT, the idea
4.1 Security and Privacy
of living lab, i-campus, smart box design and Pervasive-
interactive-Programming (PiP). The primary purpose of the Since in IoT-based environment, data is stored at an
study was to teach the necessary programming skills to Internet-based network of connected devices, as devices
novices using IoT and PiP together. Total 18 participants start to measure and collect data from students, they put
including staff and students participated in the evaluation of student’s security and privacy at risk. Any security breach
PiP. The results of the assessment showed that PiP helped could disclose student’s personal information related to an
and supported members of different backgrounds and age individual’s medical record, family financial background or
groups to understand and practice the programming skills any other private information.
effectively[15].
4.2 Reliable Wi-Fi Connection
A study introduced a Lab development kit using a set of
sensors with Zigbee, Raspberry Pi/Arduino boards which
support to offer wireless communication in the lab. A There is a continuous need for new technologies for
module design method was adopted for the course labware. education, like high-speed wireless networks which provide
A survey was conducted to evaluate the Raspberry Pi based the bandwidth for audio and video streaming of lessons.
Lab kit, The results of the study showed positive feedback
from students [33]. 4.3 Management
In their study, authors state that online virtual laboratories Some devices and applications are not compatible and can
can also contribute to providing a qualitative and hinder the organization’s ability to build an IoT setup that’s
competitive edge to any education system. They present a both reliable and available to all users. For successful
case study where they use IoT and Arduino Platform with implementation of IoT, an educational institution must
Xively web service for reading and showing data collected make sure that both its IT equipment and teaching
from a temperature sensor. approaches support the use of IoT in the classroom.
Although risks and potential barriers are associated with
technology, educational organizations may get advantages
from exploring and experimenting with IoT options.
4.4 Cost
The average American student uses 1025 hours/year in a of IoT: Applications, challenges, and opportunities with
classroom. Unfortunately, more than 308 of the 1025 hours China Perspective,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 1, no.
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