Engine

Fact Sheet D12F430, EM-JPN04

The D12F430 is an in-line, 12-litre, six-cylinder, 430 hp

diesel engine fitted with a turbo, intercooler, and closed
crankcase ventilation. The engine meets the requirements
of Japan New Short Term regulation (NST) with respect
to exhaust emissions.

The D12F is part of Volvo’s well-tested and robust D12 engines.

The D12F is fitted with Volvo’s second-generation management
system, EMS2, for optimal engine management. The engine uses
an EGR system for exhaust recirculation which, combined with
the turbo’s variable turbine geometry (VGT-Turbo), provides
the engine with even better drivability combined with low
exhaust emissions. The D12F meets NST’s stringent 3-star
emissions levels with respect to particulates.
As an option, the engine can be fitted with a particulate filter
(DPF) and thereby meets the even stricter 4-star emissions
requirements. This means that the exhaust gases are essentially
free of soot.
The D12F430 has a fitted cylinder head, four valves per cylinder,
overhead camshaft, and electronically controlled unit injectors.
The wet-type cylinder linings are replaceable. Modified cooling
of the cylinder linings and cylinder head provide excellent heat
dissipation capacity.
The efficient combustion has been achieved by creating high
charge pressure from the turbo compressor, high compression,
and precision-controlled injection with high injection pressure.
The introduction of second-generation unit injectors with
enhanced injection characteristics, extensive combustion
development and EGR for recirculation of the exhaust gases,
make the D12F a very competitive engine with a high degree
of effciency and low fuel consumption.

The D12F430 has been developed for heavy and demanding

types of transport, with high GVWs on hilly roads.
The following features distinguish the D12F430:
• VGT-Turbo that offers further enhanced engine charac-
teristics.
• Electronic engine management – EMS2 – with precise
fuel injection for efficient combustion and low emis- Power, kW

sions. 340 Net output

• Centrally placed, vertical unit injectors provide symmetri- according to:
¥ ISO 1585
cal fuel distribution. 320
¥ Dir. 89/491/EEC
¥ ECE Reg 85
• Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) combined with an ef-
fective particulate filter for extremely low emissions. 300
316 kW 1800 r/min
• Engine braking – VEB – compression and exhaust brakes (430 hp metric)

with high braking power and effective regulation. 280

Specifications 260
Torque, Nm

Designation..................................................D12F430, EM-JPN04 240 2200

Max. output at 1800 r/min ........................ 316 kW (430 hp)
Max rpm ..............................................................................2200 r/min 220 2150 Nm 2000
1050-1400 r/min
Max. torque at 1050-1400 r/min ............................. 2150 Nm
200 1800
No. of cylinders ...................................................................................... 6
Bore .............................................................................................. 131 mm 180 1600
Stroke .......................................................................................... 150 mm
Displacement .........................................................................12.1 dm³ 160 1400

Compression ratio ..................................................................... 17.3:1

Engine braking power (VEB)* at 2300 r/min ......285 kW 1200

Economy engine speeds ................................ 1000-1400 r/min

1000
Engine oil change volume incl. oil filter ......................33-38 l
No. of oil filters ............................................. 2 full-flow, 1 bypass 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 r/min

Cooling system, total volume ....................................................45 l

Weight ............................................................ ............................ 1145 kg
*VEB (Volvo Engine Brake) or EPGC (Exhaust Pressure Governor) are standard.

2005-11-22 ENG Version 04


Fact Sheet
Engine management integrated
with vehicle electronics
The D12F engine is fitted with Volvo
EMS2 (Engine Management System),
which means that the engine’s functions
are managed fully electronically. EMS2
provides effective engine management
and an advanced capacity for diagnostics
and fault tracing. The engine control
module is connected to the vehicle elec-
tronic system’s data links and information
is presented via an easy-to-read display
on the instrument panel.
The OBD (OnBoard Diagnostic) func-
tion, which is integrated into EMS2,
monitors all emissions-related factors,
and triggers an alarm in the form of
warning lamps and fault codes if any
system requires attention.
The engine control module is located in
an aluminium housing on the left-hand
side of the engine, where the electron-
ics are cooled by the fuel via a built-in
cooling coil. The engine’s wiring is col-
lected and well protected in a wiring box
located under the inlet manifold.
Electronically controlled fuel
injection for low emissions
In order to register operating data,
the engine is fitted with a number of
sensor functions. The engine control
module compares current readings
with stored data, and regulates the
amount of fuel, injection timing, and
turbo pressure. The entire combustion
process can be precision-controlled
for every operating situation, which
results in low fuel consumption and
a minimum of noise and emissions.
The fuel injection system offers good
prerequisites for any subsequent emis-
sions controls.
Exhaust recirculation provides low
and stable emissions
The EGR system for exhaust gas recir-
culation is an effective means of keeping
emissions at a stable and low level.
Turbo-charger with variable turbo geometry
Engine
D12F430, EM-JPN04
The VGT-Turbo (Variable Geometry Closed crankcase ventilation
Turbine), in conjunction with the EGR
The crankcase ventilation is closed and
valve, creates a suitable pressure drop
in all situations to enable exhaust gas maintenance-free. Oil particulates are
recirculation to function effectively. effectively filtered out of the crankcase
The gases are routed through an EGR gases by a highly effective separator,
cooler and continue back into the and are routed back into the turbo to
engine via the inlet casing. The EGR the engine’s combustion.
meter, which is located after the EGR
cooler, monitors the amount of EGR
and is a component in the engine
management system.
Unit injectors with fast injection
for efficient combustion
The D12F430 is fitted with unit injec-
tors with a 17-mm pump stroke, which
enables high injection pressure. The
high pressure is created mechanically
via a rolling rocker arm that is driven by
the overhead camshaft. The centrally
placed injector provides extremely Closed maintenance-free crankcase ventilation
fast and well controlled injection with
symmetrical fuel distribution in the
combustion chamber. Designed for high reliability and
The cylinder head has only one com- long service life
mon fuel channel to the injectors and
inlet channels, and the valves have large The D12F engine is built for a long
diameters for low pressure drop. and reliable service life. It is made
with a common cylinder head with a
steel gasket and an induction hardened
camshaft and crankshaft. The camshaft
Particulate filter meets 4-star
is fitted with a vibration damper that
requirements
reduces noise vibrations. The robust
The particulate filter, which is available engine block is also fitted with a rein-
as an option on all versions of the D12F, forcing frame. This is a design solution
reduces harmful hydrocarbons and par- that also results in a lower noise level
ticulates in the exhaust gases by at least and reduced vibrations.
80%. This makes it possible to meet As standard equipment, the engine is
the tough Japanese 4-star requirement also fitted with an engine-mounted
for particulates. The exhaust gases are fuel filter with a water separator.
filtered in two stages. Hydrocarbons and
carbon monoxide are reduced in the
silencer’s integrated catalytic converter
and the remaining particulates are col-
lected and burned continuously in the
silencer’s particulate filter. Residual soot
is removed from the filter when normal
service is performed.
The particulate filter has continuous regeneration