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  • Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant, Electrical India, Nov, 2013 PDF

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    Pumped Storage Hydro Power Plant, Electrical India, Nov, 2013 PDF

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    Hydro Power rlyelps Powap Dkipys my lectricity is one o the i g infrastructures for “| the country. Our product depends on he availability of adequate amount of electricit Statistics shows that in our county most every year the demand of electricity is more than its production as a result there is regular load shedding and disruption in industrial output. For example, for the year | the country was 998114 MU an production was 911209. MU, the | and in short fall being 86 Similarly against a peak demand of 135453 MW, availability was 123294 MUW, shortfall being 12159 MW (9%; As per generation load balance fo ELECTRICAL INDIA 127 the year 2013-14 prepared by Central lectticity Authority (CEA), the energy shortage for the year will be 6.7% white peak megawatt shortag will be 2.3 9 Every yeai new power plants are being installed, But simultaneously energy demand is Another problem is the greater variation in the ene between day and night, week days and holidays. Daily and weekly maximum loads pose serious problem to the electricity supply companies to deal with. If sufficient generating capacity is to be provided to meet the maximum peak load, it will require @ heavy expenditure on the generating company with little earning of revenue from it Bur electricity companies have to do something to supply the peak jad and simultaneously not lasses due to this. One way is to leveling-up of their But it is not in their hand. only load curves. They can persuade the consumers by offering concessional rate in off- peak period, It is seen that it is not possible as desired by the electricity distribution companies. Technically, this problem can be tackled by storing energy by the base-load power plants durir hours or by installing off-peak Hydro Power -— special peak-load power plants from remote having low fixed charges. Since through electric grid. electrical energy as such cannot be stored in large quantities, there is a 10 pump the method to store itin form of potential reservoir, This method is the pumped energy. generator se Pumped Storage Scheme (PSS The basic principle of PSS is ti store energy by pumping water from a low level reservoir d ) power umping Generally, utilized in wwnstream 10 power house (lower reservoir) into a high leve reservoir (upper reservoir) at times when the demand for power is low and then by utilizing the stored water of upper reservoir to generate hydroelectric power during the peak load periods. The reservoir-based hydro power plant generally utilizes the water o the reservoir in a controlled manner tricity and the water from the e from wher to generate el discharged passed to the ine is grid joins to the river. In a pumped storage scheme the water from the Whe tail-trace is stored in a lower reservoir. During off-peak period, usual manner this water is pumped to the upper reservoir and during peak load hou this water is again used for power crucial generation. Power for pumping is pumped supplied either by an onsite conventional steam power plant or oe since C 128 EvecrRIcAL INDIA A separate pump can be installed Alternately operate as pump also so that dur peak load hour it will function it will storage schemes In other words, the same machine which is reversible is used to power (in generation mode the potential energy of wate in the upper resi hours of demand and for back water from th into the upper reservoir during utilizing surplus power from The water conductor path is pumping mode of operation. a reversibl in one direction, it functions in the generator. In the reverse operates as pump and motor, One storage availability of cheap off-peak po Hydro Power b Classification of Pumped Storage Schemes Pumped orage schemes can be broadly classified into the following Pure Pumped Storage Scheme (Recirculation Type): In this type o! PSs, electricity is generated by ting water between upper quantity of generation and operation. The w The used for pumpin fer loss due 10 a 8 t by some small inflows into the upper or There is no the unit may be operated in for some time durin, Therefore generator mod off-p ak period. used fo power generation is more that the water used for pumping. In some plants, sufficient water is available du soon and the run-off is drastically reduced during lean months of the year. So when sufficient water is available, power is nerated in conventional method and during dry period, pumped storage method is adopted Pumped storage scheme to supplement the storage capacity of conventional Hydro Power Plants jions which are ‘Station theicpewerbauea Poveringmudanel vary gureioa fu tira paae only at peak load period. The sizes of plants_ffom the consideration of these eworeservoreare slmost equal. evailable head, but availablity of aie aca Hud ioc Chace ‘eae ln nah econ lew TAS tthe ‘Aglak haan Rnd | oabacy = Gee last be lS potential hasalreay been developed. simultaneously large availability of Wir teve oe Fw vate ure preg ow duccty semana) ‘as corre Mixed Pumped Storage Scheme When hydroelectric power plant and pure pumped stora plant are c mixed pumped storage scheme. inflow an ‘mbined, it is called ailable to this upper throughout the year o} upper reservoir is too large and stores sufficient water to enerate power most of the times of the year. In this 4132 evecrricat Inpia ui: water is there in the nearby stream or river from where water can bs pumped at relatively low head to the reservoir of the power plant. In this pumping th (0 the planned the water at lower head vailal off-peak periods ow hydro cheme. Pumping is done ir Underground Pumped Storage Scheme: Most pumped storage power plants have underground power houses, because it is mor economical to link the upper and lower reservoirs via the shores route. In this case, the necessary high head can be created b excavating the lower res underground Advantages of Pumped Storage Scheme The advantages of PSS are given ‘The net gain in energy for pumped storage scheme is negative depending on the efficienc generator, turbine & pump duet the fact th while pum; ping & again durin generation, But cost wise the load. Hence the pumped storage economical convert off-peak schemes are advantageous because the low-value, low-cost energy into higl on-peak energy PSSs help load levelling. fluctuations in n power There are severe the daily power consumption patterns and it has become increasingly ni optimize the various types o ‘general u n in order to achieve th cost efficient supply « icity. PSSs can make thi possible by utilizing power fron thermal and nuclear plants during off-peak hours to pump water fr lower reservoir to upper reservoir and generate during peak power demand hours. Although there of storing excess energy, it is the system an reliability improves syste The availability pumped storage plant is much higher than that of a thermal or nuclear plant, + Dueto thi of thermal power stations are Thermal power plants cannot run at low loads efficiently. Pumped storage scheme consumes the off-peak power of thermal power plants making operation economical efficiency and economy improved. Hydel Power Plants can be started and connected to the grid within 5 minutes where as thermal plant takes four to six hours, So to meet the peak load, pumped storage scheme is best suitable Voltage and power factor corrections are additional operating benefits of pumped storage schemes, as the units can operate in voltage regulation mode like a synchronous condenser and can reduce losses as well as maintain the quality of service to customers. Pumped storage hydro electric schemes environmentally friendly These schemes generate between upperand lower reservoirs. Once the water has been stored, it can be used repeatedly without change in water levels downstream, except during the initial filling of the reservoirs, Pusnped Storage Scheme Development in India The first pumped storage hydro power India was commissioned in sixth five-year plan at Nagarujunsagar, Andhra Pradesh. Till. now total capacity of pumped country is 4804 MW. in Table 1 The Tehri Hydro Development Corporation is constructing country’s largest pumped storage scheme of 1000 MW (4X250 MW) in Uttrakhand. It is scheduled to be completed by 2016. plant in talled in the schemes i hese are gi 134 ELECTRICAL INDIA NovEMBER 20 Nagarjunsagar [Andhra Pradesh [7x100 [1980-1985 2. | Paithan ‘Maharashtra Ixl2 1984 3. [Kadamparai__[ Tamilnadu 400 1987-1989) 4. [Kadana Gujarat 4560 1990-1996, 1998 5. [Panchet DVO) | Jharkhand 1x40 1990-91 6. [Ujjain ‘Madhya Pradesh_[ 1x12 1990 7_[Bhira Maharashtra 1x150__ [1995 8.__[Srisaitam ‘Andhra Pradesh [6x150__| 2001-2003 9. [Sarda Sarobar_| Gujarat 6x200 | 2006 10 | Purulia ‘West Bengal 4x25 | 2007-2008 | Ghatghar ‘Maharashtra 2x125 | 2008 As seen in Table 1, at present, 11 PS$s are located in various states in India. Out of which, nine pumped storage stations are mixed type and 2 are pure pumped type (Purulia and Ghatghar). Most of the pumped are operating in for fewer hours than that contemplated project report due to the storage storage stations pumping mode in the Up to fifth plan (31-03-1980) [Nil Nil Sixth plan (1980-1985) | 612 (Nagarjunasagar, Paithan) | 612 Seventh plan (1985-1990) [500 (Kadamparai, iz Nagarjunasagar) ‘Two annual plans (1990- [160 (Kadana Units: 1 and [1272 1992) 2, Panchet ) Eighth plan (1992-1997) [222 (Kadana Unit 3;, 1494 Bhira, Ujjain) Ninth plan (1998-2002) [960 (Srisailam, Kadana [2454 Unit) ‘Tenth plan (2002-2007) | 2100 (Sardar Sarovar, Purulia) [4554 Eleventh plan (2007-2012) | 250 (Ghatghar) 4804 Twelfth plan (from 2012) | 1000 (Tebri) 5804 ee unavailability of surplus energy in the power system for more hours. I is the prime reason for less overall output from these stations. In India in normal days surplus power is available only during off-peak hours ie. midnight to 5 am with limited capacity or less than the requirement of pumping capacity of the plant During national holidays and to irrigation needs. The tail race reservoir is under construction in respect. of Nagarjunasagar and Panchet hill stations. Although these power stations have been constructed & pumped storage plants, these are being used for generation only mode since more inflow is availgble to the 136 evecrRIcALINDIA 0 Mayadhar Swain is 8Sc Engg. (Elect) trom Unversty Cofege of Engnering, Bur Ocisha and ME in Water Resources Development rom IT Roorkee, At serving in NTPC, Talcer Termal Power Staion and Oss Hyer Power Comparation in diferent capacies, hes now warkng as Deputy General Manager n MECON Lite, Rant. Throughout is TM sevice ne nas worked in Design, econ, Commissioning, Operon and Maintenance o Thermal ang yo Power Pats. At present he is working in constancy ibs for Thema and Hyro Power Pants. He has pubished 40 paper in citeent journals, Have You Subscribed Your Personal Copy of Lighting India Contact: sub@charypublications.in — Hydro Power

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