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Key Words:
1. parallelogram
2. parallel
3. diagonals
4. midpoint
5. slope
6. distance formula
Background Knowledge:
1. plot ordered pairs
2. determine slope given two points
3. calculate distance of a segment using the distance formula
4. determine midpoint of a segment given the endpoints
5. relationships between the slopes of parallel and perpendicular segments
6. measure angles with a protractor
7. using Cabri Jr. Apps in the TI-84 if using the extensions
8. angle relationships – supplementary, congruent, consecutive, opposite
Learning Objectives:
1. SWBAT discover the following properties of a parallelogram
a. Opposite sides parallel
b. Opposite sides equal
c. Diagonals bisect each other
d. Opposite angles congruent
e. Consecutive angles supplementary
Materials:
1. pencil
2. handout
3. Geoboard with rubberbands
4. protractor
5. student lesson sheets
6. TI-84 with Cabri Jr. Apps if doing the extensions
7. Cabri Jr. Guidebook located at
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http://education.ti.com/guidebooks/apps/83cabri_jr/ti83pcabrijr_eng.pdf
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Suggested Procedures: The following activities may be modified to fit a
jigsaw or activity stations format.
3. Activity 2: Slopes
Students will plot given points for a parallelogram on a coordinate plane, then
determine the slopes of opposite sides. They should then conclude that the
opposite sides have the same slope.
Assessment:
1. Student lesson sheets
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4. Quiz
Properties of Parallelograms
Worksheet
Directions: Look around the room and try to find at least 5 examples of parallelograms.
Write and draw these items in the first and second columns of the table below, titled
INTRODUCTION. Please do not write in the third and fourth columns, titled CLOSURE.
INTRODUCTION CLOSURE
Is it a
Why or
Item Object name Picture parallelogram?
why not?
(yes / no)
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Activity One
1. On a coordinate grid, plot and label the points A(6,2), B(17,5), C(13,12), and D(2,9).
Length of AB =
Length of BC =
Length of CD =
Length of DA =
4. What can you conclude about the lengths of the segments in this figure?
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Activity Two
1. On a coordinate grid, plot and label the points A(-7,5), B(-2,-4), C(8,-8), and D(3,1).
( y1 - y2 )
3. Use the Slope formula, m = , to determine the slopes of each of the segments.
( x1 - x2 )
Slope of AB =
Slope of BC =
Slope of CD =
Slope of DA =
4. What can you conclude about the slopes of the segments in this figure?
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Project AMP Dr. Antonio R. Quesada Director, Project AMP
Activity Three
1. On a coordinate grid, plot and label the points A(-3,0), B(-1,5), C(5,4), and D(3,-1).
3. Remember that diagonals are segments that connect two non-adjacent vertices of a
polygon. How many diagonals will the figure above have? Use a straightedge to draw
the diagonals and verify your answer.
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�( x1 + x2 ) ( y1 + y2 ) �
4. Using the Midpoint formula, midpoint = � , �, find the midpoint of
� 2 2 �
diagonal AC . Plot and label this midpoint on the above coordinate plane as point F.
Length of AF =
Length of CF =
Length of BF =
Length of DF =
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Activity Four
Consecutive angles of a quadrilateral are two angles that share a common ray.
Opposite angles of a quadrilateral are two angles that are located on either end of a
diagonal, they are directly across from one another.
Consider your Geoboard to be the first quadrant of the coordinate plane, as the picture
illustrates below.
y-axis
x-axis
Steps:
1. Assume that the bottom outside edge of the Geoboard is the x-axis and the left outside
edge is the y-axis. Stretch the rubber band around these 4 coordinates to create a
parallelogram.
2. Use a protractor to measure the angles at each of the vertices and record them below.
m A =
m B =
m C =
m D =
3. Do you notice any similarities or differences among the angle measurements? Explain.
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4. Now stretch the rubber band around these 4 coordinates to create a different
parallelogram.
5. Use a protractor to measure the angles at each of the vertices and record them below
m E =
m F =
m G =
m H =
6. Do you notice any similarities or differences among the angle measurements in the
second parallelogram? Explain.
7. Based on your responses to the #1-6, what general statement(s) can you make about a
property or properties found in all parallelograms regarding angle measurements?
8. Using your protractor draw a parallelogram below using only the angle measurements
to guide you. Label the angle measurements in your parallelogram.
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QUIZ
On a coordinate grid, plot and label the points A(-3,3), B(8,5), C(2,-1).
Using the information that you discovered in the previous activities, where could you place
point D in order to make a parallelogram?
Please verify your solution by showing the slopes of the sides, the lengths of the sides, the
midpoint of the diagonals as well as the angle measures.
After you have found one point that makes a parallelogram, is it possible to find another point
that will make a different parallelogram with the three given points? How many different
points exist that will form a parallelogram with the three given points? List as many of these
points as you can.
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Extension 1
I. Constructing a parallelogram
B. Open the Cabri Jr. APP on your calculator. Construct a parallelogram using
the instructions that follow below or use the instructions for Method I or
Method II that follow this extension.
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suur suur
9. Hide BC and DC using the Hide/Show tool in F5.
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C. Grab point A. To do this select point A, press clear (the cursor will switch
to a hollow arrow), then press the Alpha key (the cursor will change to a hand),
and then move point A around using the arrow keys. Does ABCD appear to stay
a parallelogram?
Try grabbing points B, C, and D. What happens?
Which point can you not grab? Why do you think this is so?
A. Sides
Use D & Length under the Measure tool in F5 to measure the four sides.
Then, grab pt. A and change the shape of ABCD. Record the new values.
Length in Length in
Side
1st shape 2nd shape
AB
BC
DC
AD
B. Angles
Using Angle in the Measure tool, find the number of degrees in each angle.
Then, grab a point and change the shape of ABCD. Record the values.
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2.
C. Diagonals
Measure the segments listed below. Then, change the shape and record the
values.
2. Measure BAE and DAE. Change shapes. Is there any property that
seems to be true?
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F. Constructions using the properties.
Each person in your group should construct a parallelogram using a different
property.
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Period:_____
Constructing a Parallelogram
Using Cabri Jr. - Method I
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Period:_____
11. There are three choices under the 12. Move the cursor until both lines
Point tool. Select Intersection. are blinking. Press ENTER.
Label the point C.
13. Under F2 select the Quad tool. 14. Highlight the Hide/Show tool in
Select A, then B, C, and D. F5 and press ENTER.
suur suur
15. Select BC and press ENTER. 16. Hide DC .
A figure will not disappear until the cursor is moved away from it.
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Period:_____
Constructing a Parallelogram
Using Cabri Jr. – Method II
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Period:_____
11. Highlight pt. B and press ENTER. 12. Using the arrow keys move the
Then highlight pt. A and press center of the circle from A to D.
ENTER. Be sure D is blinking. ENTER.
Note: When you use the Compass tool, the first point that you highlight will be
on the circle and the second point will be the center. It does not really
matter which one you highlight first since you can move the circle.
13. There are three choices under the 14. Move the cursor until both the
Point tool. Select Intersection. line and the circle are blinking.
Press ENTER. Label pt. as C.
15. Under F2 select the Quad tool. 16. Highlight Hide/Show in F5 and
Select A, then B, C, and D. press ENTER.
suur
17. Move the cursor until the circle is 18. Hide line DC . A figure will not
blinking. Press ENTER. disappear until the cursor is
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