FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS-1

Section (A) : Number System

A-1. If A & B are two rational numbers and AB, A + B and A  B are rational numbers, then A/B is :
(A) always rational (B) never rational
(C) rational when B  0 (D) rational when A  0

A-2. Every irrational number can be expressed on the number line. This statement is :
(A) always true (B) never true
(C) true subject to some condition (D) none of these

A-3. The multiplication of a rational number ' x ' and an irrational number ' y ' is :
(A) always rational (B) rational except when y = 
(C) always irrational (D) irrational except when x = 0

A-4. If x, y are rational numbers such that (x + y) + (x  2 y) 2 = 2 x  y + ( x  y  1) 6 then :

(A) x = 1, y = 1 (B) x = 2, y = 1
(C) x = 5, y = 1 (D) x & y can take infinitely many values

A-5. Which of the following statement is incorrect :

(A) rational number + rational number = rational number
(B) irrational number + rational number = irrational number
(C) integer + rational number = rational number
(D) irrational number + irrational number = Irrational number

A-6. Number of values of n  N for which n4 + 4 is prime is

(A) Exactly one (B) Exactly two (C) Exactly three (D) none of these
y
A-7*. If x & y are real numbers and = x, then ' y ' cannot take the value(s) :
x
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

A-8*. Difference of squares of two distinct odd natural numbers is always a multiple of.
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 8

A-9_. If (x2 + x) + iy and (– x – 1) – i (x + 2y) are conjugate of each other, then real value of x & y are
(A) x = – 1, y = 1 (B) x = 1, y = –1 (C) x = 1, y = 1 (D) x = – 1, y = –1

Section (B) : Polynomial

B-1. If (x – a) is a factor of x3 – a2x + x + 2, then ‘a’ is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) 1

B-2. The polynomials P(x) = kx3 + 3x2 – 3 and Q(x) = 2x3 – 5x + k, when divided by (x – 4) leave the same
remainder. The value of k is
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) –1

B-3. If 2 x3  5 x2 + x + 2 = (x  2) (a x2  b x  1), then a & b are respectively :

(A) 2, 1 (B) 2,  1 (C) 1, 2 (D)  1, 1/2
1 1 1 1
B-4. The sum of the series : + + +........ + is equal to
(1 2) (2  3) (3  4 ) (100  101)
(A) 99/100 (B) 1/100 (C) 100/101 (D) 101/102
1 1
B-5. If x + = 2, then x2 + 2 is equal to
x x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

Umesh K. Gupta
B-6. The number of real roots of the equation, (x  1)2 + (x  2)2 + (x  3)2 = 0 is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

(a  b)3  (b  c )3  (c  a)3
B-7. If a, b, c are real and distinct numbers, then the value of is :
(a  b).(b  c ). (c  a)
(A) 1 (B) a b c (C) 2 (D) 3

x2
B-8. The complete set of values of 'x' which satisfy the inequations : 5x + 2 < 3x + 8 and < 4 is
x 1
(A) (– , 1) (B) (2, 3) (C) (– , 3) (D) (– , 1)  (2, 3)

B-9. The number of the integral solutions of x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25 is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none

x 4  3 x 3  2x 2
B-10. The complete solution set of the inequality  0 is:
x 2  x  30
(A) ( ,  5)  (1, 2)  (6, )  {0} (B) ( ,  5)  [1, 2]  (6, )  {0}
(C) ( ,  5]  [1, 2]  [6, )  {0} (D) none of these

Section (C) : Modulus Function

C-1. Solution of |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12 is

7 3 5 2 11 13 3 7
(A) x = – , (B) x = – , (C) x = – , (D) x = – ,
3 7 2 5 7 7 7 5
2
C-2. The number of real roots of the equation x  3 x + 2 = 0 is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

C-3. The equaiton ||x – 1| + a| = 4 can have real solutions for x if a belongs to the interval
(A) (–, 4] (B) (0, 4) (C) (4, +) (D) [4, 4]

C-4. The set of real value(s) of p for which the equation | 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = px + 6 has more than two
solutions is :
(A) [0, 4) (B) (– 4, 4) (C) R – {4, – 4, 0} (D) {0}

C-5. The minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

3x 2 10 x  3
C-6. Number of real solution(s) of the equation x  3 = 1 is :
(A) exactly four (B) exactly three (C) exactly two (D) exactly one

C-7. If |x2 – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 | x + 2|, then the set of all real values of x is
(A) [1, 4]  {–2} (B) [1, 4] (C) [–2, 1]  [4,) (D) (–, –2]  [1, 4]

C-8. Solve for x  R |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2.

(A) x  {2, 4} (B) x  {– 2,4} (C) x  {– 2, 2} (D) x  {– 2, 2, 4}

C-9. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then value of |x + y| is

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 2 or 4 or 6
C-10. The complete set of real ' x ' satisfying ||x – 1| – 1|  1 is :
(A) [0, 2] (B) [ 1, 3] (C) [ 1, 1] (D) [1, 3]

Umesh K. Gupta
C-11. The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0 is [IIT-JEE-2002, Scr., (3, –1)/90]
(A) (– , – 2 )  (2, ) (B) (– , – 2 )  ( 2 , )
(C) (– , – 1)  (1, ) (D) ( 2 , )

| x2| – | x|
C-12. The solution of the inequality  0 is
4 – x3

3 3 3 3
(A) [–1, 4) (B) [1, 4) (C) [–1, 2) (D) [0, 4)

C-13*. If a  0, then the inequation |x – a| + |x + a| < b

 b b
(A) has no solutions if b  2 |a| (B) has a solution set  ,  if b > 2 |a|
 2 2

b b
(C) has a solution set  ,  if b < 2 |a| (D) All above
 2 2

Section (D) : Determinant

1 3 2
4 1 2
D-1. The value of the determinant is equal to
3 5 2

(A) – 40 (B) 40 (C) 28 (D) 52

x 2  2x  3 7x  2 x4
2
D-2. If 2x  7 x x2 3x = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3 + ex2 + fx + g
2
3 2x  1 x  4x  7

the value of g is
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C)  2 (D) none of these

1 3 1
D-3. The value of k for which determinant  1  2 k vanishes, is
1 4 1

(A) – 3 (B) 3 (C) –2 (D) 2

6i –3 i 1

D-4. If
4 3i – 1 = x + iy, then -
20 3 i

(A) x = 3, y = 1 (B) x = 1, y = 3 (C) x = 0, y = 3 (D) x = 0, y = 0

Umesh K. Gupta
 SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
p
1. Represent the following in fractional form ( , where p, q   and q  0)
q

(i) 2.35 (ii) 1.1 4 (iii) 3.3 79 (iv) 12

2. Which of the following is greater ?
7 6 9 6
(i) , (ii) 13  12 , 14  13 (iii) ,
8 7 11  2 3 3

3. The positive integers p, q and r are all primes if p2 – q2 = r, then find all possible values of r.

4. Prove that product of four consecutive positive integers increased by 1 is a perfect square.

5. Remove the irrationality in the denominator

2 1 1
(i) (ii)
2 1 1 2  3

6. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied :
(1  i) x  2i (2  3i) y  i
+ = i
3i 3i

7. Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :

2
 4i3  i 
(a) – i (9 + 6i) (2 – i) –1 (b)  
 2i  1 
 
8. Can two numbers has 16 as H.C.F. and 380 as L.C.M.

9. L.C.M. and H.C.F. of two positive numbers are 3024 and 6 respectively and one number is 54, then other is

10. If the numbers 296, 436 and 542 divided by a positive number 'p' leaving the remainder 7, 11 and 15
respectively, then find the largest value of p.

a c e 2 a4 b2  3 a2 c 2  5 e4 f
11. If = = , then find the value of in terms of a and b.
b d f 2 b 6  3b 2 d2  5f 5

12. Resolve the following into factors.

1
(i) (x  y)3  y3 (ii) a3  +4
a3
(iii) x3  6 x2 + 11 x  6 (iv) x3  9 x  10
(v) a2 (b  c) + b2 (c  a) + c2 (a  b)

13. Factorize
(i) 1 + x4 + x8 (ii) x4 + 4

14. Prove that if a, b, c are real, then a (a  b) + b (b  c) + c (c  a) = 0, only if a = b = c

15. Solve the following inequalities :

(i) x2 – 7x + 10 > 0 (ii) x2 – 4x + 3 < 0
2x 1 x2 2x  3
(iii) 
2
2x  5x  2 x 1. (iv)
x2
>
4x  1
.

16 . Find all real values of x which satisfy x2 – 3x + 2 > 0 and x 2 – 3x – 4  0.

Umesh K. Gupta
17. Solve the following inequalities :
x 4 ( x  1)2 ( x  2)
(i) (x – 1) 2 (x + 1)3 (x – 4)  0 (ii) 0
( x  3 )3 ( x  4 )

( x  2) ( x 2  2x  1)
(iii) (x2 – x – 1) (x2 – x – 7) < – 5 (iv) 0
 4  3x  x 2

18. Solve the following equations

(i) x + 2 = 3 (ii) x  2 x + 5 = 0
(iii) x x = 4 (iv) x 1  2 = 1

2
(v) x x + 4 = 2 x2  3x + 1 (vi) |x – 3| + 2|x + 1| = 4

(vii) x – 1 – 2 = x – 3

19. What can be said about the numbers, a1, a2,......., an if it is known that,
| a1 | + | a 2 | + | a 3 | +....... + | an | = 0.

20. Draw the graph of followings

(i) y = |4x + 5| (ii) y = |2x – 3|

21. Solve the simultaneous equations |x + 2| + y = 5, x – |y| = 1

22. Solve the equation |x + 1| – |x + 3| + |x – 1| – 2 |x – 2| = x + 2.

23. Find all possible solutions of equation ||x2 – 6x + 5| – |2x2 – 3x + 1|| = 3|x2 – 3x + 2|

24. Solve the following inequalities :

(i) |x – 3|  2 (ii) | |x – 2| – 3| 0
(iii) ||3x – 9| + 2 | > 2 (iv) |2x – 3| – |x|  3

25. Solve the following inequalities :

3 3x
(i) 1 >2 (ii) 2 1
x x 4

| x  3 | x
(iii) >1 (iv) |x2 + 3x| + x 2 – 2  0
x2
(v) |x + 3| > |2x – 1|

26. Find the solution set of | 2x – 3 | + | x + 5 |  | x – 8 |.

27. Solve the inequality (|x – 1| – 3) (|x + 2| – 5) < 0

2
28. Find sum of all the real roots of the equation x  2  x2 20 [IIT-1997, 2]

29. Find the set of all solutions of the equation 2|y| – | 2y–1 – 1| = 2y–1 + 1. [IIT-1997, 3]

x 2  6x  5
30. Let f(x) = [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (6, 0), 81]
x 2  5x  6
Column –  Column – 
(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f(x) satisfies (p) 0 < f(x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, then f(x) satisfies (q) f(x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f(x) satisfies (r) f(x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f(x) satisfies (s) f(x) < 1

Umesh K. Gupta
 ANSWERS

13. (i) (x4 – x2 + 1) (x2 + x + 1) (x 2 – x + 1)

EXERCISE # 1 (ii) (x2 – 2x + 2) (x2 + 2x + 2)
Section (A) : 15. (i) x  (– , 2)  (5, )
(ii) x  (1, 3)
A-1. (C) A-2. (A) A-3. (D) A-4. (B) (iii) x  (2, 1)  ( 2/3,  1/2)
A-5. (D) A-6. (A) A-7*. (AB) A-8*. (AD) 1 
(iv) x (– , – 2)   , 1  (4, )
4 
A-9_. (A)
16 .x  [–1, 1)  (2, 4]
Section (B) :
17. (i) x  (–, –1]  {1}  [4, )
B-1. (C) B-2. (B) B-3. (A) B-4. (C)  (–4, –1) (–1, 0)  (0, 2)  (3, )
(ii) x 
B-5. (C) B-6. (A) B-7. (D) B-8. (D) (iii) x  (–2, –1)  (2, 3)
(iv) x  (–, –2]  {1}
B-9. (D) B-10. (B)
18. (i) x = ± 1 (ii) x = 5 (iii) x = 2
Section (C) : (iv) x = – 2, 0, 2, 4
(v) x = – 3, 3 (vi) x = – 1 (vii) x  [1, )
C-1. (C) C-2. (D) C-3. (A) C-4. (D)
19. a1 = a2 = a3 = ................. = an = 0
C-5. (B) C-6. (B) C-7. (A) C-8. (D)

C-9. (B) C-10. (B) C-11. (B) C-12. (A)

C-13*. (AB)
20. (i) (ii)
Section (D) :
D-1. (B) D-2. (D) D-3. (B) D-4. (D)
21. x = 2, y = 1 22. x  
EXERCISE # 2
1 
23. x   , 5
47 103 1673 2 
1. (i) (ii) (iii)
20 90 495
24. (i) x  (–, 1]  [5, )
(iv) not possible (ii) x = 5 or x = – 1
(iii) x  R – {3}
7 9 (iv) x  [0, 6]
2. (i) (ii) 13  12 (iii)
8 11  2
25. (i) x  (–1, 0)  (0, 3)
3. 5 (ii) x  (–, –4]  [–1, 1]  [4, )
(iii) x  (–5, –2)  (–1, )
2 2  6
5. (i) 2 1 (ii) 6. 3, – 1  2 1 
4 (iv) x    ,     ,  
 3 2 
21 12
7. (a) – i (b) 3 + 4i  2 
5 5 (v) x    , 4 
 3 
a4
8. No 9. 336 10. 17 11.
b4  3
26.  – 5,  27. (– 7, – 2)  (3, 4)
 2
12. (i) (x  2 y) (x + y  x y)2 2

 1   2 1 1  28. 4 29. {–1}  [1, )

(ii)  a   1  a  2  a   2 
 a   a a  30. (A)  (p), (r), (s) ; (B)  (q), (s) ;
(iii) (x  1) (x  2) (x  3) (C)  (q), (s) ; (D)  (p), (r), (s)
(iv) (x + 2) (x2  2 x  5)
(v)  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)

Umesh K. Gupta