FINAL YEAR

PROJECT

DEGREE :- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED To:- SIR LOLAQ SAB

 ABSTRACT
This project harvests energy from speed breaker by making gear arrangement and
using electronic gadgets. Large amounts amount of electricity can be generated saving
lot of money. And if implemented will be very beneficial for Government.
When vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction
between vehicle’s wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT Energy is produced, also
when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind.
The principle involved is POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSION.
There is a system to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a
vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over
the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is
wasted in a conventional rumble strip. When the breaker comes down, they crank a
lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter) which in
turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled
to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.

 Introduction:
In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life
.The availability and its precipitate consumptions is regarded as the index of national
standard of living in the present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the
sectors of any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the
population of the world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of
human beings has increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of
sufficient power generation. The capital energy consumption of U.S.A. is about 8000
K.W.H., whereas per INDIA is only 150 K.W.H. U.S.A. with 7% of world population
consumes 32% of total power generation whereas INDIA as developing country with
20% of world population consumes only 1% of total energy consumed in the world.
The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power
generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few
decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new sources
for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few years.
Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It
suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air.
Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore,
we have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity
without using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products.
There are already existing such systems using renewable energy such as solar wind),
OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc. for power generation. The latest
technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy is the
“POWER HUMP”.
  Working Principle:
In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to day-to-day
increase in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it becomes necessary that
we must depend on non-conventional sources for power generation. While moving, the
vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be
utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called “POWER HUMP”.
It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical
techniques for the power generation and its storage.
POWER HUMP is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker.
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then
the springs are attached to the dome is compressed and the rack which is attached to
the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has
teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into
rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is
mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to
make the energy uniform. So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts
are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical
energy into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional to traffic density.
Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an
E.M.F (electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F armature coil has
to rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating same
e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The
power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one way a special
component is used called zenor diode for continuous supply. All this mechanism can be
housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called HUMP. The electrical output
can be improved by arranging these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated power can
be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices.
  Basic Principles:
Simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical

 to generate electricity using the vehicle kinetic energy as input

 we can develop electricity from speed breakers
 they are using 3 different mechanisms:
1. Roller mechanism
2. Crank-shaft mechanism
3. Rack- Pinion mechanism

I. Roller Mechanism:
A roller blind mechanism for winding and unwinding a rollable blind,
the mechanism comprising a support element, a drive sprocket which is rotatably
mounted on the support element for transmitting rotational movement to a blind
supporting member, and a manually-movable elongate flexible drive element which
includes a plurality of interlinked tooth-engaging elements, the drive sprocket including
a plurality of flexible teeth engagable with the tooth-engaging elements of the flexible
drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a radial extent of the teeth of
the drive sprocket is equal to or greater than a maximum dimension of the tooth-
engaging elements of the flexible drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein the radial extent is equal to or
greater than twice the maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging elements of the
flexible drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the teeth of the drive sprocket
flex in a circumferential direction of the sprocket.
 II. Crankshaft Mechanism:
The crankshaft is a mechanism that transforms rotary movement into
linear movement, or vice versa.
For example, the motion of the pistons in the engine of a car is linear (they go up and
down).
But the motion of the wheels has to be rotary.
So, engineers put a crankshaft between the engine and the transmission to the wheels.
The pistons of the engine move the crankshaft and the movement becomes rotary.
Then the rotary movement goes past the clutch and the gear box all the way to the
wheels.

III. Rack and Pinion Mechanism:

Rack and pinion gears normally change rotary motion into linear
motion, but sometimes we use them to change linear motion into rotary motion.
They transform a rotary movement (that of the pinion) into a linear movement 77 (that
of the rack) or vice versa.
We use them for sliding doors moved by an electric motor. The rack is attached to the
door and the pinion is attached to the motor. The motor moves the pinion which moves
the rack and the door moves.
  Construction Details:
The various machine elements used in the construction of power hump are
 Rack
 Spur Gear
 FLY Wheel
 Bearings
 Shaft
 Springs
 Electric Dynamo

A dome is mounted on four springs and in the bottom, a rack is clamped. The rack
consist contact teeth on both the faces. It is connected to two gear wheels to rotate the
gear wheels only in one direction. The flywheel is also mounted on the same shaft and
the shaft is simply supported at the both ends by means of ball bearings.
Now a dynamo is connected to each shaft by belt drive. The output terminal of dynamo
is connected to an electrical storing device. The total assembly is arranged in concrete
pit.

S Names of the component Material Used Quantity

No.

1. Rack Miled Steel 1

2. Spur gear Cast Iron 1
3. Fly Wheel Cast Iron 1
4. Shaft Miled Steel 2
5. Spring Chrome – Vanadium 4
Alloy Steel
6. Bearing High Carbon Chromium 4
Steel
7. Electric Dynamo - 1
  Detail of Components or Parts:

 Rack:
Its primary function is to convert translatory motion into rotary motion. It must have
higher strength, rigidity and resistance to shock load and less wear and tear.

 Spur Gear:
It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. In volute teeth
profile is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment. It should have high wear
and tear, shock-absorbing capacity.
  FLY Wheel:
The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces the
fluctuations in speed. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and release the same
when it is required.

 Shafts:
It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another
place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high
torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity.
  Springs:
It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover
its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls energy
either due to shocks or due to vibrations.

 Bearings:
It is a machine element, which supports machinery. It permits relative motion between
the contacting surfaces while carrying the loads. They reduce the friction and transmit
the motion effectively.
  Electric Dynamo:
It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based
on “faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction”.

Dynamo
A dynamo, originally another name for an electrical generator, now means
a generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Dynamos were
the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the
foundation upon which many other later electric-power conversion devices were based,
including the electric motor, the alternating-current alternator, and the rotary
converter. They are rarely used for power generation now because of the dominance of
alternating current, the disadvantages of the commutator, and the ease of converting
alternating to direct current using solid state methods.

The word still has some regional usage as a replacement for the word
generator. A small electrical generator built into the hub of a bicycle wheel to power
lights is called a Hub dynamo, although these are invariably AC devices.
  Electricity Generation From of Rack and Pinion
Mechanism:

This mechanism is the third mechanism. It is the crank shaft mechanism

.whenever the vehicle going on the speed breaker, the speed breaker goes downwards
.so,
The potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Here, we are used crank shaft
mechanism for the development of the small amount of electricity. the electricity saves
on the battery storage unit .the crank shaft mechanism is regained its previous position
vice versa..

 Calculations & Results

Theoretical Calculation (Approximate)
Let us consider, the mass of a vehicle moving over the speed breaker = 1500Kg
(Approx)
Height of speed braker =15 cm
Work done=Force x Distance
Where,
Force = Weight of the Body
= 1500 Kg x 9.81m/s^2
= 14715 N
Distance travelled by the body = Height of the speed brake =10 cm
Output power= (14715 x 0.1)/60
= 24.52 Watts (For One pushing force)
Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed breaker arrangement for one
minute = 24.52 watts
Power developed for one hour =1471.2 watts
Power developed for one day = 35.31kw
  Future Scope:
In this world where there is shortage of electrical power supply, this
project will be helpful to solve some of the problems. This project has some
advantages which are:

1. The project is economical and easy to install.

2. This project is non-polluting.
3. Maintenance cost is low.
4. Installation cost is low.
5. Will solve some of the electricity problems of the world.
6. The electricity produced by this system can be used to drive an electric motor, or for
any other purpose.
7. This project can be implemented on road and can be used to lighten the street lamps.

Advantages:
 Low budget electricity production
 Less floor area
 No obstruction to traffic
 Easy maintenance
 Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.
 Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc