FACULTY OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

BMCG4812 SUSTAINABILITY AND

ENVIRONMENT

CHECK BY : MOHAMED HAFIZ BIN MD

ISA

(ASSIGNMENT 1)

NAME NO. MATRIX

1. MUHAMMAD NURSYAFIQ BIN B041410201
NORIZAN
2. AHMAD FAIZ SALIMI BIN B041410178
HABALI
3. JAYARUBEN A/L MAHENDRAN BO41410262
4. MOHAMAD ALIFF BIN B041410116
MOHAMAD FAAZILLAH
5. MUHAMMAD HAIZAL BIN B041410253
HAIROL ANUAR
2. What is Agenda 21?

Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by

organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area
in which human impacts on the environment. Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on
Environment and Development, and the Statement of principles for the Sustainable
Management of Forests were adopted by more than 178 Governments at the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to
14 June 1992. The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created in
December 1992 to ensure effective follow-up of UNCED, to monitor and report on
implementation of the agreements at the local, national, regional and international levels. It
was agreed that a five year review of Earth Summit progress would be made in 1997 by the
United Nations General Assembly meeting in special session. The full implementation of
Agenda 21, the Programme for Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the Commitments
to the Rio principles, were strongly reaffirmed at the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) held in Johannesburg, South Africa from 26 August to 4 September
2002.
3) How is assimilates in Malaysia development planning strategy?

The process is well-defined and is based on the long-term Outline Perspective Plan (OPP),
which helps concentrate efforts in achieving well-defined long-term national objectives. The
second OPP was for the period 1991-2000 and is concerned largely with promoting social
and political stability as well as efficient management of the economy to provide a favourable
environment for pursuing growth with equity to achieve the objectives of our National
Development Policy. The promotion of a balanced, broad-based, resilient and internationally
competitive economy is paramount in order to provide a stronger foundation for the
attainment of sustained growth and development, particularly in the process of transformation
towards becoming a developed nation by the year 2020.

Malaysia also uses five-year plans, which seek to implement strategies and programmes and
allocate funds to realise the objectives and commitments of the National Development Policy
and its OPPs. The results of the Rio process generally, and of Agenda 21 particularly, were
incorporated and, where appropriate, integrated into the national planning process when the
Sixth Malaysia Plan (1991-1995) was reviewed in 1993. They were also used to input into the
planning process of the current Seventh Malaysia Plan, covering the period 1996-2000.

Overall, environmental and natural resource management under the Seventh Plan period will
be guided by the National Policy on Environment, which is being formulated to ensure the
long-term sustainability and improvement in the quality of life. The policy aims at promoting
economic, social and cultural progress through environmentally-sound and sustainable
development. In addition, a National Conservation Policy has also been finalised to provide
the framework for a comprehensive approach to natural resource development.
4) What are the challenge ?

There are a few challenges in implementing Agenda 21. First one is a fragmented approach
toward sustainable development that de-couples environment and development. The concept
of sustainable development integrates environment and development in the long term. The
current fragmented approaches to sustainable development arise from policies and programs
at national and international levels that often are short-term and inadequately merge
environmental and developmental considerations. A lack of integrated national policies and
approaches in the areas of finance, trade, investment, technology, and sustainable
development. Commonly, short-term considerations are placed above the long-term use of
natural resources, and policies are often compartmentalized. The reason this happens in due
to the continuing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production that imperil natural
life-support systems. Unsustainable consumption and production is rooted in value systems
that drive how natural resources are used. Such value systems have proven slow to adapt.
Hence, inadequate financial resources and technology transfer from developed countries.
Overseas development assistance has declined over the last decade, and debt burdens limit
the opportunities of many developing countries to address sustainability issues. Additionally,
private-sector investment has been volatile and focused on certain countries and sectors.
5) How the SDG 2015 and 11th Malaysian plan intergrated ?

I. SDGs replace the Expired Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

II. The SDGs provide a renewed directions for both middle-income and high-
income nations for global development. Many of the SDGs are reflected
appropriately according to 11th Malaysia Plans.

 Phase I (2016-2020) – priori8sing SDG according to 11th MP o

 Phase II (2020-2025) – focus on post 2020 goals and targets

 Phase III (2025 – 2030) – remaining goals and targets in line with Malaysia’s capacity
and global role

Refrences : http://www.conference.unimas.my/2016/phs2016/images/download/Talk01.pdf