Radar system Design

Shiyang Li
Ansoft China
 Radar system Design
contents

.Preface

.Radar system level- design and analysis

.Radar circuit level- circuit and module

design
.Radar system – Physical verification
 Modern Radar Design Challenge

.Higher resolution and accuracy

.Greater reach and interference

.More complicated system/circuit/module

.Interaction between baseband/RF/MW,

System/circuit/EM field, Digital/Analog
 Ansoft solution tools for Radar
system design
. Ansoft Designer:
System/circuit/Planar EM/layout
Design Full integration Design Environment
Co-simulation with 3D EM simulator, Matlab, test

. HFSS:
Simulate Arbitrary 3D Structure, Get Radiation, S-
Parameters, EM filed
For simulation of Antenna, RCS, Passive
components/devices, EMI/EMC
 Ansoft solution tools for Radar
system design
. Nexxim:
Nonlinear Time/Frequency Circuit Simulator
Robust Converge and unparalled Simulate Capacity

. SIwave:
Full Wave PCB SI/PI/EMC simulate and design

. Q3D:
R,L,C,G Parameter and Spice Model Extraction
 Ansoft solution tools for Radar
system design
. Simplorer
High-Performance Electro-mechanical/servo System Simulation

. Maxwell 2D/3D
Simulation Software for Electromagnetic and Electromechanical Analysis

. PExprt
Switch power design

. RMxprt
Powerful Software for the Design of Rotating Electric Machines
 Ansoft solution tools for Radar
system design

Ansoft Ansoft designer

designer Ansoft designer
HFSS, Nexxim, HFSS
SIwave,Q3D
 Ansoft Radar system Design Flow
Ansoft designer
HFSS

Ansoft designer
HFSS, Nexxim,
SIwave,Q3D
feedback
 Radar System level - design and analysis

.Radar subsystem:
construction and simulation

.The whole system:

budget/parameter design and simulation
 Radar subsystem

1 Radar signal generator

2 Transmitter subsystem

3 Antenna and RCS path Module

4 Receiver subsystem

5 Baseband processing Module

 Radar signal generator
. Radar signal
CW, FM-CW, Pulse ,LFM, etc
. Chirp signal generator
LFM signal D=50 10%
. Creat signal
. construction by Ansoft Deisgner components
. data file by matlab
 Radar signal generator
.Chirp signal waveform
 Transmitter subsystem

. Structure
Filter , BB-AMP , mixer , IF-AMP , RF/MW- PA

. Characteristics for TX-subsystem

Frequency band, Gain , P1dB , NF , Group delay , ripple, etc
Transmitter subsystem
Transmitter subsystem

P1dB

Gain

Link budget NF
 Antenna and RCS path Module

. Radar Equation

Pt Gt G r λ σ 2
Pr =
(4π ) 3 R 4

Pt , Pr Transmit/receive power Gt , Gr Transmit/receive Antenna Gain

R Distance σ RCS
 Antenna and RCS path Module

. Model component
Antenna model , RCS path model

. Model consideration
Antenna gain , air path loss , RCS , time delay , doppler effect

. Model construction
by components of Ansoft Designer component library
 Receiver susbsystem

. Structure
Filter , limiter, LNA, mixer , IF-AMP , BB-AMP

. Characteristics for RX-subsystem

Frequency band, Gain , P1dB , NF , Group delay , ripple,
spectrum, etc
Receiver susbsystem

P1dB
Gain

Link budget
 Baseband processing Module
. Baseband signal processing
Pulse compression , Initial signal/receive signal/noise
interrelation

. Basic structutre
For further signal processing, MATLAB Co-
simulation
Baseband processing Module
Radar system simulation
Noise/interference
signal
 The whole system

1 Radar system budget/parameter design

2 System simulation/Virtual Test

 Radar system budget/parameter design

. Radar system
C band
LFM pulse compression D=50
Receive Sensitivity such as , -110dBm
Pulse compression level

. design system budget/parameter

1 to detect object (RCS, distance , interference)

2 System/subsystem structure and function

 Radar system budget/parameter design

. One object
Distance 50km RCS 1(m^2) with noise interference

With system simulation , For this radar system,

the low limit for transmit power: 73.40dBm

Radar Signal generator output

Baseband output
 Radar system budget/parameter design
. One object
transmit power/signal generator output
SNR, Intermodulation, Frequency band

Tx-Gain=BB-AMP + IF-AMP+RF/MW-PA+Mixer+Filter ,

P1dB, NF, IP3

Then , with link budget simulation , to design Transmitter subsystem

Transmitter subsystem link budget

Link budget
Transmitter subsystem simulation

Gain vs Frequency Gain vs inputPower

Transmitter subsystem simulation

NF vs Frequency Pout vs inputPower

GD vs Frequency
Receiver subsystem simulation
S= -174dBm/Hz+10log(Bn)+NF

Receiver subsystem link budget

 Receiver subsystem simulation

Gain vs Frequency
NF vs Frequency
Receiver subsystem simulation

Pout vs Pin GD vs Frequency

Radar system simulation

Transmit signal
Radar system simulation

Receive and signal Generator signal

Radar system simulation

Spectrum
 Radar system simulation

Mixer converting loss Mixer converting loss

 Radar system simulation

TX-Spectrum Doppler Spectrum

 Radar system simulation

Receive signal Spectrum

Receive Power
 Radar system simulation

Transmit Frequency Receive Frequency

Radar system simulation

Pulse compression
 Radar system simulation

. Virtual test (with noise interference)

. RCS vary test

. Signal power vary test

 Radar system simulation: Virtual test

. RCS=1(m^2) , Distance=50km , with noise interference

Receive signal pulse

Initial /Receive signal
compression
 Radar system simulation: Virtual test

. Distance=50km , with noise interference , Transmitting signal const

just RCS change

RCS=0.5(m^2) RCS=0.2(m^2)
 Radar system simulation: Virtual test

. RCS Change to larger ,

RCS=1.5(m^2) RCS=2(m^2)
 Radar system simulation: Virtual test

. RCS Change to larger ,

RCS=6(m^2) RCS=20(m^2)
 Radar system simulation: Virtual test

. RCS =40(m^2) ,

Receive signal (time) Pulse compression

 Radar system simulation: Virtual test

. Transmitting signal const , with noise interference

to detect object ,with RCS change , distance should change , too

. With system simulation test , get different distance of different RCS

such as , RCS = 0.2 ,0.5, 1.5 , 2, 6, 20,30, 40
Radar system simulation: Virtual test

(6, 80km)

(4, 72km)

(2, 61km)
(1.5, 57km)

(1, 50km)

(0.5, 43km)

(0.2, 34km)

Distance-RCS
Radar system simulation: Virtual test

(40, 128km)

(30, 118km)

(20, 107km)

Distance-RCS
 Virtual test : Real RCS

.HFSS vs RCS
Simulate Arbitrary 3D Structure, Get Radiation, S-Parameters, EM filed

For simulation of Antenna, RCS, etc

Can simulate RCS of different objects

monostatic RCS/bistatic RCS Phi ,Theta , frequency

Virtual test : HFSS vs RCS
 Radar system simulation: Virtual test
. RCS=1(m^2) , Distance=50km , with noise interference ,
as reference

Receive signal pulse

Initial /Receive signal
compression
 Radar system simulation: Virtual test
. RCS=1(m^2) , Distance=50km , with noise interference ,
Change transmitting signal power

Signal power-5dB Signal power+5dB

Signal power+10dB Signal power+15dB

 Radar system simulation: Virtual test
1.00 Signal power-5dB 2.00 Signal power+0dB 3.00 Signal power+5dB 4.00 Signal power+10dB

5.00 Signal power+15dB

(Signal power+15dB,118km)

(Signal power+10dB,89km)

(Signal power+5dB,67km)

(Signal power+0dB,50km)

(Signal power-5dB,38km)
 Radar circuit level- circuit and module
design

.Radar circuit /module

such as LNA ,Filter , mixer , PA , coupler , oscillator ,etc

.Radar receiver : LNA circuit /module

.circuit design
.circuit / EM co-simulation
Radar receiver : LNA circuit
 Radar receiver : LNA circuit
. Circuit
Frequency C band 500MHz
Gain >= 30dB NF < 2.5dB

device model :
SNP file , spice model , vendor element , curtice model,
user defined model ,etc
 Radar receiver : LNA circuit

. circuit design
matching circuit design , microstrip line matching

Smith tool TRL synthesis tool

 Radar receiver : LNA circuit

Input matching Middle1 matching

 Radar receiver : LNA circuit

Middle2 matching Output matching

 Radar receiver : LNA circuit

. circuit design
After matching design , use optimetrics and tune for optimization
Radar receiver : LNA circuit

Gain vs F NF vs F
Radar receiver : LNA circuit
 Radar receiver : LNA circuit

. Circuit design
Circuit /EM co-simulation
 Radar receiver : LNA circuit
. Circuit /EM co-simulation

1.21dB
33.46dB

32.92dB

Gain vs F NF vs F
1.03dB

dBS11

dBS22
Radar system – Physical verification

System level:
system/subsystem

Circuit level :
EM Test data
circuit /module

Components/elements
 Radar system – Physical verification

.System/circuit/EM co-simulation
System - receiver subsystem - LNA/EM

.System/instrument test co-simulation

System - Transmitter subsystem - PA
System - Receiver subsystem - LNA
System/circuit/EM co-simulation
System/circuit/EM co-simulation
System/circuit/EM co-simulation

Gain NF

Link
budget
System/circuit/EM co-simulation

Receive signal spectrum Initial /Receive signal

System/circuit/EM co-simulation

Receive signal power Pulse compression

 System/test co-simulation

.System/instrument test co-simulation

S parametrs, NF , power compression , mixer spurs

data files: .SNP , .NMF , .FLP ,etc

Test instrument
 System/test co-simulation
.LNA / RF PA module
RF/MW PA

PA data file, NMF,SNP

LNA data file, NMF,SNP

RF/MW LNA
 System/test co-simulation

Tx subsystem: Gain
Tx subsystem: link budget
 System/test co-simulation

Tx subsystem: P1dB Tx subsystem: NF

 System/test co-simulation

Rx subsystem: link budget Rx subsystem: Gain

 System/test co-simulation

Rx subsystem: P1dB Rx subsystem: NF

 System/test co-simulation

Receive signal Receive signal spectrum

 System/test co-simulation

Receive signal Pulse compression

 Radar system Design

Radar system level – design and analysis

Radar circuit level – circuit and module design

Radar system – Physical verification