Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
Footnotes will provide direction to additional information pertaining to the topic.
2
Mission Statement is as followed: “North Shore Community College is a diverse, caring, inclusive community that
inspires our students to become engaged citizen and to achieve their personal, academic, and career goals through
accessible, affordable, rigorous educational opportunities that are aligned with our region’s workforce needs and
will prepare them for a life in a changing world.” (North Shore Community College, web, 2017).
3
Association for Orientation, Transition, Retention in Higher Education. (2017). Web. Retrieved from:
http://www.nodaweb.org/page/JCOT
Page |2
ONLINE OPTIONS
As seen below a significant amount of institutions utilize online orientations as a tool to either
enhance or replace an orientation session. In many scenarios, the institution will have online
options as a replacement for students who miss their orientation session. As well institutions
will provide online orientations to supplement the requirements for students who are online
learners. Lastly, an online pre-orientation has been developed at institution as an additional
resource to prepare students before they attend their orientation sessions.
Online Option
2
9
8
Yes No N/A
Page |3
Examples: Bunker Hill Community College, Massasoit Community College, and Holyoke
Community College are some examples of institutions who provide online orientation
specifically geared to online students. Some are mandatory others are not, but it helps with the
guidelines and expectations for online classes. In addition, Greenfield Community College has
an online version of orientation for students. Lastly, MassBay Community College also provides
an online orientation, mainly for students who are taking online classes. However, it is also
utilized by students who already attended an on-campus orientation and would like to review
information.4
The benefits of having online pre-orientation session(s) includes:
1. Reminding students of any college business that needs to be resolved before attending
the on-campus orientation.
2. Providing an opportunity for pre-enrollment.
3. Walking through the steps to activate campus portals (email, Blackboard, Canvas,
Banner etc.)
4. Exposing students to resources on campus.
5. Providing expectations of what classes (online and in person) are like.
6. Overall providing additional support services and information to students.
Moving forward NSCC should consider:
1. What options are available to students who do not have access to a computer?
2. What alternative formatting will be provided for students with visual impairments?
4
Some additional examples of online orientations:
http://www.lawsonstate.edu/admissions_records/admissions_information/pre-enrollment_orientation.aspx
http://www.seattlecentral.edu/start/
http://orientation.gsu.edu/preparation-for-orientation/online-pre-orientation-for-transfers/
Page |4
Example: Springfield Technical Community College is the only institution that actively states
that their orientation sessions are optional. The website recommends that all students
participate in the session to gain valuable information before starting their first class. However,
the structure of orientation is primarily all online, which may be the reason that the orientation
sessions are optional.
The benefits of requiring students to attend an orientation session includes:
1. Providing each student, the necessary information needed to succeed in the following
semester.
2. Allowing students to settle any outstanding obligations (Placement testing, paying
tuition etc. . . )
3. Students are able to take their ID photo, register for classes, meet with on campus
resources.
4. Students who attend orientation sessions are more likely to persist.
5. Students feel more supported by the institution.
6. Providing students, the opportunity to ask any questions regarding their
attendance/expectations of college life. 5
Moving forward NSCC should consider:
1. Will all sections (online portion, on campus, first day’s activities etc. . . ) of orientation
be required?
2. What will be emplaced for students who cannot complete the requirement?
3. What is the penalization, if any, for students who do not complete the orientation
session? Will they have a hold? Not be able to register for classes?
a. If students are penalized, is the staff willing to hold additional sessions so
students are able to resolve the penalization and gain needed information.
NUMBER OF SESSIONS
40 35
30
20 15 16
10 3 4 5 6
1
0
Gateway
Westchester
Northern
Bunker
Holyoke,
Springfield,
Oklahoma
Quisigamond
Texas at El
Wachusett,
Greenfield,
Middlesex,
Cape Cod,
UC Davis
Essex
Berkshire,
Bristol,
Mount
Paso
City
5
Balski, D. (2011). Why is college orientation so important? Front Range Community College. Retrieved from
https://blog.frontrange.edu/2011/08/08/why-is-college-orientation-so-important/
Page |5
The Number of Sessions is referring to the amount of orientations times and dates that the
institutions provide to students. The orientations that were researched ranged from a 4 to 8-
hour day, however the amount of sessions varied. As seen from the table above orientation
sessions vary from 1 to 35+ sessions. Student population does correlate to the amount of
sessions provided at some of the institutions.
Examples: Bristol Community College holds about 35+ orientation sessions and also has a
student population of 9,000 in 2011. While Cape Cod Community College has over 4,000
students and holds 5 orientation sessions. Greenfield Community College implements 3
sessions and has a student population of just over 2,000. Lastly, Oklahoma Community College
participates in 35+ sessions and has a student population of over 19,000
My Observations at NSCC: The current practice at NSCC is to have over 50+ orientation
sessions. This provides flexibility and multiple opportunities to attend a session. However, with
there being so many sessions the attendance of students is low. For example, at the Lynn
campus orientation the attendance can vary from 5 to 18 students. The Danvers campus
experiences a higher attendance by averaging 12 – 30 students. Students are also less engaged
in sessions that have limited attendance compared to the larger sessions.
As stated the benefits of having an abundance of sessions includes:
1. Allowing students to have multiple options to attend a session.
2. If students miss a session they have a greater opportunity to attend another session.
3. Makes the sessions small and personable.
The benefits of have a selected Number of Sessions includes:
1. A higher percentage of students present at sessions.
2. Less time commitment from on campus partnerships, which potentially could increase
the willingness to participate.
3. Increasing the level of engagement of the students.
4. Allowing for a greater opportunity to establish Academic Pathways.
Moving forward NSCC should consider:
1. What policies will be emplaced if students are unable to attend the orientation
sessions?
2. With the student population being over 5,000 how many sessions are appropriate?
3. How many sessions will be enough to continue allowing flexibility for students?
4. Will reducing the amount of sessions increase the likeliness of participation from
campus faculty and staff?
Page |6
ACADEMIC PATHWAYS
Academic themed pathways is the designing of the orientations sessions to match students’
academic majors. Academic Pathways allow for the orientation sessions to be geared to the
demands of the students. Rather than addressing general information, orientations can be
specific. Additionally, by creating academic pathways, collaboration with the faculty can
flourish and therefore provide a meaningful experience to students. Numerous institutions
have established academic themed pathways for their orientation sessions. Below represents
the break-down of the institutions researched that implement Academic Pathways. 6
12
Yes No N/A
6
Note that 4 out of the 6 institutions that do hold academic themed orientations also responded to my
informational interviews.
Page |7
Examples: Please refer to the following pages of an example of the institutions Academic
Pathway structure.
1. Middlesex Community College: Page. 17
2. Holyoke Community College: Page. 18
3. UC Davis: Page. 19
4. Bristol Community College: Page. 20 - 21
The benefits of having online pre-orientation session includes:
1. Providing students with the opportunity to meet with faculty that they have in the
class.
2. Allowing for the orientation sessions to be specific towards the expectations and
requirements of students’ academic majors.
3. Integrating social and academic concepts of college.
4. Providing students, the opportunity to meet peers within their academic major.
Moving forward NSCC should consider:
1. What benefits will Academic Pathways have for NSCC students?
2. How will night students be accommodated with academic pathways? Will there be night
options?
3. How many sessions will be provided to each major? Will more options be available for
the larger majors? And will there be a cap on student registration for sessions? If so
refer back to the previous question.
4. How will certificate earning students be classified in the break-down of pathways.
5. If orientation is expanded to have larger groups, what space is available?
6. What policy will be emplaced for the student who has a major, is switching that major
and wants to attend the orientation that is associated with their future major.
7. Will the departments that currently hold their own be objective to collaborate?
BRANDING
From the name of the program to logo and even the colors, these aspects all have singificant
impact on students experiences. NSCC is redeveloping its orientation structure, making it a
perfect opportunity to also re-design the look of the program. By creating a theme or new
name for the orientation program expands its purpose while also promoting an engaging
experience. Several institutions have re-named their orientation sessions and created vibrant
Page |8
logos to match. These initiatives have built a sense of connection, belonging and institutional
pride. While also helping to increase retention and satisfaction of students.7
Examples: Below are some examples of branding logos and oreintation names. Please note that
additional institutions outside of the primary research was used within this section.
7
Riza, C. (2013). The role of brand orientation in the higher education sector: A student-perceived paradigm. Asia
Pacific Journal of Marketing Logistics, 25 (5), 803 -820. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing. Retrieved from:
http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30061063
Bunce, L., Baird, A., Jones, Sian E. (2016). The student-as-consumer approach in higher education and its effect on
academic performance. Studies in Higher Education. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. DOI:
10.1080/03075079.2015.1127908. Retrieved from:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03075079.2015.1127908
2016 trends in higher education marketing, enrollment, and technology. (2015). Hanover Research. Retrieved
from: http://www.ct.edu/files/pdfs/workgroup-report-marketing-trends.pdf
8
Logo from Suny Broome
Page |9
BUDGETS
From the institutions that responded to the informational emails, insight on the funding that
the institution provides to their orientation program was seen. Funding is essential in the
success in re-developing an orientation program. This insight that was contributed allows an
understanding of how much funding is being allocated, where the budgets are coming from,
and how the funding is used. This information can then be used to help NSCC as they advocate
for funding. 9
Below is a breakdown of the specific details that are associated with funding at the varying
institutions:
Holyoke Community College:
• Does not charge students a fee to attend an orientation.
• Approximately $5,000 – $7,000 dollars per year of institutional allocated funds are given
to the program.
• Additionally, a 30-hour professional position is funded to assist in the organization and
operations of the program.
Bristol Community College
• Does not charge students a fee to attend an orientation.
• Are allocated institutional funding, amounts is TBD.
• Provides students Backpacks, a pen, and light snacks.
Cape Cod Community College
• Does not charge students a fee to attend an orientation.
• Approximately $4,000 – $10,000 dollars of institutional allocated funds are given to the
program.
• Lunch is provided during on campus sessions.
Middlesex Community College
• Does not charge students a fee to attend an orientation.
• Budget is supported through institutional allocated funds.
• Is used to cover student employment and orientation expenses.
UC Davis
• Does charge students a fee to attend an orientation.
o Fees vary, please see table below.
o Includes the cost of attendance for student or guest, programming materials,
staffing, meals, and overnight accommodations if applicable.
9
Tschechtelin, J. D. (2011). Increased enrollment + student success – funding = ?. Wiley Online Library, 156, 49 –
59. A Wiley Company. DOI: 10.1002/cc.466. Retrieved from:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cc.466/full
P a g e | 11
3. The institutions willingness to allocate funding allows for the program to develop a
meaningful experience for incoming students. This investment is fundamental to
showcasing the commitment the institution has towards ensuring student success as
well as helping increase retention rates.
Moving Forward NSCC should consider:
1. Is the office going to charge students to attend the sessions? If so how much? What will
be included?
a. How will the office assist low income students that may not be able to afford the
fee, but have to go as a requirement?
2. How much funding is needed to ensure a successful orientation?
3. Will the institution be willing to allocate funding to support the orientation program?
UC Davis
2. Begins planning immediately after the past program ends in August.
10
Nelson, V. What is a college orientation Leader? College Parent Central. Retrieved from:
https://www.collegeparentcentral.com/2011/03/what-is-a-college-orientation-leader/
Channel Islands. (2017). Orientation Leader Information. Web. Retrieved from:
https://www.csuci.edu/nsotp/ivo/ol-information.htm
P a g e | 14
was their OL, with five questions following that. Or when students applied to be OL’s and
mentioned that I positively impacted them and inspired them to become OL’s so they can do
the same. Becoming an OL changed my career path to pursue a degree in higher education.
Just imagine what NSCC can do to monumentally influence a student’s life by creating an OL
position.
Through analyzing the various institutions that have OL’s the following was collected to provide
NSCC with information that will bring insight to the common practices being done as well as aid
as a guide to the specific details when establishing student OL’s
1. Ranging from 12 – 70 student orientation leaders
a) The larger student population, the larger orientation staff
2. Titles are associated with the marketing of the program.
b) For example, Alfred State has S.T.A.R OL’s.
3. OL’s are required to participate in all the orientation sessions.
4. Students received lunch, travel, and supplies to complete their responsibilities
effectively
Some of the OL Responsibilities are:
1. Assist the office of student life.
2. Engage with the new students in Ice-Breaker activities/questions.
3. Greet and usher students & guests during sessions.
4. Help develop, prepare, and implement the orientation sessions.
5. Tour of the campus & escort students and guests to the appropriate sessions.
6. Help in the acclimation and transition of incoming students.
7. Serve as Academic Advisors in the registration process.11
Training:
1. 4 session programs (2.5 hours each)
2. 2-day sessions
3. Campus resources provide training on their department in order for OL’s to present
knowledgeable and accurate information to students and guests.12
Compensation:
1. Funding is primarily allocated by the institution.
2. Students could earn credit based, certificate of completion, or recommendation letter.
3. $10.50 - $11.00 an hour range.
11
Please refence page. 28 to view an example of Middlesex Community College “Orientation Leaders (OLs) Job
Description”
12
Please refence page 29 - 35 to view an example of Middlesex Community College “Orientation Leader Training
Manual”
P a g e | 15
Thank you for taking the time to read this document. Please do not hesitate to contact me with
any follow up questions or concerns you may have. My contact information is: Email:
a_kadell@salemstate.edu Phone: (516)384-9244
P a g e | 17
UC
P a g e | 19
Dates:
Educational Programs (Early Childhood, Elementary, Deaf Studies & Deaf Studies Ed, GS ES)
Dates:
Ravitha /Sandy Lygren Melissa Cardelli Carole Norberg/Catherine
Rooms: Elem. Ed - C104, ECE – C113 & Deaf St. – C201 rooms if needed
June 22nd July 17th August 1st
11:00am – 2:00/2:30pm 2:00pm – 5:00/5:30pm 2:00pm – 5:00/5:30pm
Health & Life Sciences Programs (Life Sciences, Veterinary Health Care, GS H&LS)
Mike S./Katie R. 2pm Mike/Katie 9am Mike
Rooms: C-111 C-111 C-111
th th
June 5 July 17 July 20th
9:00am & 2:00pm 9:00am – 12:00/12:30pm 9am & 1pm
Veterinary (L-204) - May 23rd @ 9am, June 5th @9, July 17th @ 2pm and August 21 @ 9am -
Christine R. & Deanne A.
Legal & Social Sciences Programs (Criminal Justice, Human Services, Paralegal, Liberal Arts B&SS, GS
L&S)
Dates: Elizabeth N., Colleen A., Kevin G. & Dana M. all dates.
CJ – K201, Legal –K-219, Behavioral & Social Sci. – K-203, HS - K-220
June 8th July 25th August 10th August 22nd
10:00am & 3:00pm 10:00am & 3:00pm 10:00am & 3:00pm 9:00am & 2:00pm
STEM – K-202
STEM Programs (CIS/Comp Sci, Engr Tech/Transfer, Fire Science, Liberal Arts M&S, GS AT & ST)
Meghan – all dates Eileen Young 26th CIS - ?? Fire - ?? Math & Sci - ??
P a g e | 21
K-202
June 8th June 26th July 27th August 17th
3pm 10:00am & 3:00pm 9:00am & 1:00pm 11:00am & 5:00pm
Student-Athlete Sessions
Rob, Derek & Ginny
July 27th August 29th
9:00am – 12:00/12:30pm 1:00pm – 4:00/4:30pm
Attleboro Dates:
Elizabeth N. Katie avail for 7/10 @2pm
AT228/117/118
June 13th July 10th June 29th August 7th August 12th August 16th
9:00am & 9:00am & 9:00am & 9:00am & 9:00am 9:00am &
2:00pm 2:00pm 2:00pm 2:00pm 2:00pm
Taunton Dates:
DATE
10am-2:30pm - Campus
9:00am Set-up
Julie & OLs
Welcome!
Each year as our team works to improve the New Student Orientation Program, we are aware of
the great leap of faith we ask each of you to take. The most significant part of that program is
the August training before the Opening Day where you are expected to learn everything that you
need to know in order to be successful in your role. As an Orientation Leader, you represent the
student body and actively ensure that all participants have the most positive experience. Your
role will consist of welcoming and and assisting incoming Middlesex Community College students
during the Opening Day Orientation and First Year Experience program.
To assist you in successfully fulfilling your role as an Orientation Leader, we have created this
resource for you. Our hope is that by completing these activities, you will be in the best position
to be successful when working with new students. Thank you in advance for putting in your time
and energy into this training – we honestly believe that you will find great value in it. We look
forward to seeing what you produce.
9:00am-9:30am
I. Introductions
A. Icebreaker – Who is in the Room?
a) One thing that your group has in common outside of MCC, your campus,
everyone
9:30am-10:30am
A. Employee paperwork (W4, I9, Direct Deposit and JAF)
10:40-11:40am
II. Opening Day
A. Expectations – clothing, cell phones, non-verbal, professionalism, attire.
B. Remember back to your own orientation and first semester
A. How did you feel, what did you do, and what do you wish you knew?
B. Think, pair, share
11:40am-12:00pm
A. Pick up t-shirts, backpacks and water bottles
B. Sign photo waivers
C. Take group photo
12:00pm-12:30pm LUNCH
12:30pm-2:00pm
A. Intro to College session content review
B. Packet Review ( Facilitators, student handout, OL handout )
C. Overview of Opening Day schedule
2:15pm-3:15pm
III. About MCC
A. Opening Day Icebreakers run-through
B. Frequently Asked Questions
a. Distribute cards with different questions printed on it
C. Brainstorm answers to questions and conversation starters and open-ended questions
a. Have you heard about the new MCC Shuttle service? You should use it!
b. Which Clubs & Organizations are you interested in?
c. Which academic major session are you attending?
d. What are you most looking forward to in college?
3:15pm-4:00pm
VII. Wrap Up
A. Review expectations and timeline: when and where to arrive on Opening Day
a. Lowell OLs: 6:30am (Meet at LC 407)
b. Bedford OLs: 6:30am (Shuttle will depart from Lowell at 6:30am)
B. Questions & Answers
C. Sign up for Welcome Month hours (17 hours each)
P a g e | 31
Team Roster
Get to know your fellow Orientation Leaders. Write your name and a slogan that defines you.
First Name Last Role Slogan
Name
Saida Abdalla OC "Motivation on the rocks, with a splash of optimism and a twist of fun."
P a g e | 32
Using the space below, create two different “elevator speeches” that you would give to a new
student. The first speech should be to introduce who you are. The second speech should be about
Middlesex Community College (not necessarily Welcome to MCC, specifically).
For more information and tips on how to put together an “Elevator Speech”, simply Google those terms
and you should get several hits.
Speech 1:
Speech 2:
Use the worksheet below to start preparing to work with various “profiles” of new students.
Step 1: Think back to the person Step 2: Now, write a statement Step 3: Think of a way to
you were when you graduated that describes the opposite to connect with a person that
high school. Write a statement what you listed in Step 1. might identify with what you
that describes an aspect of your listed in Step 2 (the person who
personality. This can be an is “not like you”).
activity you did, something that
you liked, etc.
Example “I graduated in the Top 10 of my “As long as I passed my classes, I Ask what activities they were
class. Getting good grades really wasn’t overly concerned with involved in outside of school.
mattered to me.” my actual grades.”
P a g e | 33
Example “My favorite movie was Titanic. I “I don’t like movies and I think Ask who they think are good
saw it in the theater five times.” Leo isn’t a good actor.” actors, or ask what they prefer
doing instead of watching
movies.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2. GOTCHA
o Ask the group to stand in a tight circle. Ask the participants to put their right hand,
palm facing up, in front of the stomach of the person to their right. Next, ask them
to take their left index finger and point it into the middle of the hand that is now in
front of their own stomach. Explain that on the count of 3 they have to multi-
task: to catch the finger in their right palm, and to have their own index finger
escape from the palm it is pointing into. Count to three (skip two if you want to
grab their attention). Then tell the group that if they caught someone, they turn to
that person and say “Gotcha!”
3. Hey
o Have everyone get in a circle and put their heads down. The leader (you) will count
to 3, and on 3 everyone must raise their head and look at someone in the circle.
Players cannot change who they look at once their head is up. At that moment, if
two players chose each other and make eye contact they must say “DUDE!” and
leave the circle. Continue on until there is a winner and have the losing pairs find
out two interesting facts about each other.
5. Connection
o The goal of the game is to connect everyone together in an interesting way. Each
person must share something about themselves. For example, “I’m Heather and I
P a g e | 35
have two cats” If someone connects with my statement, they will yell “Connection”
and we will link arms together. That person will then state how they connect and
their own fact, for example “I have a cat too! I’m Jenna and I love the outdoors.”
This will continue until everyone is a linked line. Then the ends of the link (Heather
and whoever connected last) will need to find out a connection so that everyone is
linked together in one big circle.
6. Two Sides
o Explain to the group that in this activity they will be read statements and asked to
choose the side that relates most to how they feel about the statement. The sides
are Agree and Disagree (there may be some people that are in the middle, which is
fine). As you read each one, they will silently go to the area of their choice. After
each person has chosen a side, ask for volunteers to explain why they’re in that
particular corner. Let the group know that everyone has a right to express an
opinion, and no one will be put down for having a different opinion than others
have. Be sure to mention that participants have the right to pass if they would
rather not take a stand on a particular value statement. Also, point out that passing
is not the same as being undecided. Finally, let everyone know that they can change
their stand on any particular value at any time. For example, some participants
might feel that they disagree with a particular value but change their minds if
someone else makes a good case for agreeing with that value.
o Statements that can be used:
a. Starbucks or Dunkin Donuts (easy questions to begin,
students can choose a side)
b. Summer or Winter
c. Waffle Fries or Curly Fries
d. Cell phones should be allowed in class.
e. Coke or Pepsi
f. iPhone or Android
g. Lake or Ocean
7. Entourage
o To play, first review the standard rules of rock, paper, scissors, described at the end
of this activity. Ask players to spread out and find a partner. Each pair plays a best
of three rounds of Rock, Paper, Scissors. The losing player then stands behind the
winning player and enthusiastically cheers for that player. This new team then finds
another team to play a new round of Rock, Paper, Scissors. Each time a team wins, it
collects the other team's players, and they line up behind the unbeaten leader. At
the end, there will be two large teams, led by the unbeaten leader in front. After the
final match, the celebration begins!
CONTACT INFORMATION P a g e | 36
Below is the contact information I collected and connected with throughout the summer of 2017.
Miller, M. T., & Pope, M. L. (2003). Integrating technology into new student orientation
programs at community colleges. Journal of Research and Practice, 27, 15-23. New York:
Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248986526_Integrating_technology_into_ne
w_student_orientation_programs_at_community_colleges
Nelson, V. What is a college orientation Leader? College Parent Central. Retrieved from:
https://www.collegeparentcentral.com/2011/03/what-is-a-college-orientation-leader/
Pascarella, E. T., Terenzini, P. T., & Wolfle, L. M. (2016). Orientation to college and freshman
year persistence/withdrawal decisions. The Journal of Higher Education, 57 (2), 155 –
175. Retrieved from:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/citedby/10.1080/00221546.1986.11778760?scroll=to
p&needAccess=true
Riza, C. (2013). The role of brand orientation in the higher education sector: A student-
perceived paradigm. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing Logistics, 25 (5), 803 -820.
Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing. Retrieved from:
http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30061063
Schaffhauser, D. (2016). Taking student orientation online. Campus Technology. Retrieved
from: https://campustechnology.com/articles/2016/08/25/taking-student-orientation-
online.aspx
Tschechtelin, J. D. (2011). Increased enrollment + student success – funding = ?. Wiley Online
Library, 156, 49 – 59. A Wiley Company. DOI: 10.1002/cc.466. Retrieved from:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cc.466/full
Wheatley, M.M. (2016). Guide to making the most out of your freshman orientation. NewsOK:
The Oklahoman. Retrieved from: http://newsok.com/article/5504520
Wild, L., & Ebbers, L. (2002). Rethinking student retention in community colleges. Journal of
Research and Practice, 26, 503 – 519. New York: Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from:
http://dev.southcentral.edu/commonCourseOutline/test/research_and_planning/AQIP
_First_Year_Initiative_Documents/Rethinking%20Student%20Retention%20in%20CCs_2
002.pdf
2016 trends in higher education marketing, enrollment, and technology. (2015). Hanover
Research. Retrieved from: http://www.ct.edu/files/pdfs/workgroup-report-marketing-
trends.pdf