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Abstract— In this study different proportions nanoclay(NC) has been added to the epoxy matrix materials. The generated
matrix nanoclay mixture to the 12 sheets carbon fiber is injected by vacuum infusion method. In scanning electron
microscope it is observed to have adhered to the fiber strand nanoclay. Based on the nanoclay weight of the mixture, The
increases and decreases in three-point bending tests have been examined. Three-point bending tests have been studied
according to ASTM D7264/D7264M-07 (Standart Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials), the highest increase in the flexural strain, which is measured in a 5% addition of the NC sample.
Keywords— Nanoclay, Three Point Bending Test, Carbon Fiber Composite, Flexural Stress.
1. INTRODUCTİON nanoclays can not fill the gaps enough in fiber have
observed. In test results, the flowing strength of 3%
Nowadays, nanotechnology has been a method used nanoclays weight participating in matrice, modulus of
for research and development of materials that can be elasticity and elongation (percentage) respectively, at
used in almost all fields[1,2]. Nanoclays, which they 9%, 21%, 15% improvement has been observed [9].
are also used as mixture materials, give the desired Wherein in a study modified chemical modification
properties depending on the type. By way of kalsined nanoclay on the microstructure and
example; it gives some properties like increased mechanical properties of treated hemp fabric-
strength, heat resistance, flame retardance, abrasion reinforced cement nanocomposites has been
resistance, ultraviolet protector, thermal and gas investigated and optimum content for these
protection. This feature also provides by being nanocomposites is %6.9 wt. Mechanical properties
higher properties than the matrix material and by are improved as a result of calcined nanoclay [10].
scattering in a nano scale in the matrix material [3,4].
Nanoclays may also play a role in increasing the II. EXPERİMENTAL
fatigue properties as well as the increase of the time-
dependent mechanical properties. [5]. Carbon fibers and epoxy properties are given in Table
In studies performed previously, inside nanoclay 1[11,12].
epoxy was added at 1%, 3% and 5% by weight. The
composite sheet produced by hand tilt method were Table 1. Carbon Fibers and Epoxy Properties
subjected to mechanical tests and as a result, the 3%
bending strength of reinforced sample 57%, in the
tensile strength 8% increase that it showed the best
values [6]. In another study, Kevlar fibers, epoxy
weight of 1.5%, 3% and 6% are singles weight ratio
of composite is prepared by adding nanoclay. By
doing Low velocity impact tests on this sheet, impact
damage relations have been studied. For best results,
even though they take %6 reinforced sheets, they
observed that the greatest improvement in passing to
1.5% from 3%. While going from 3% to 6%
improvement has been seen in 1.15%, from 1.5% to
%6, %32.22 improvement has been seen [7]. In
another study, again in matrix material by adding
1.5%, 3% and 5% weight nanoclay, Impact damage
relations, they made impact, low speed and CAI As nanoclay montmorillonite made Eczacıbaşı’s
tests. The best results were measured in 3% NC EsanNANO 1-140 coded clay was used. Ultra white
reinforced samples[8]. They have analysed the and has a pure structure a clay a provides,
infusion of nanoclay added resin to the glass fiber. flammability of the material which it is introduced
As a result of their work by adding %0 and %5 into, strength, improvement in moisture and gas
weight nanoclays ; when nanoclay rate increases, the permeability properties. As it is seen in Figure 1.
deterioration of the contunuum in resin flow and Nanoclay property while initialy montmorillonite
Proceedings of The IRES 21st International Conference, Amsterdam, Netherland, 25th December 2015, ISBN: 978-93-85832-79-6
80
Three Poınt Bendıng Test Research of Carbon Fıbre Composıtes Incorporatıng Nanoclay
Proceedings of The IRES 21st International Conference, Amsterdam, Netherland, 25th December 2015, ISBN: 978-93-85832-79-6
81
Three Poınt Bendıng Test Research of Carbon Fıbre Composıtes Incorporatıng Nanoclay
Figure 5 SEM pictures as seen in the nanoclay is organoclay–cement nanocomposites, Constr. Build.
Mater. 49 (2013) 298–307.
bonded onto the carbon fiber. Reinforcement ratio of
[3] Mai, Y, Z. Yu, (2006). Y. Mai, Z. Yu, ed. Polymer
tensile strength 1% to 3% wherein passing increased Nanocomposites. Woodhead Publ.ISBN 978-1-85573-
by 12 %, tensile strain in the reinforcement of 3 %, 969-7.
say 5 % was observed passing of the best values in 25 [4] T. J. Pinnavaia, G. W. Beall (eds.), "Polymer-Clay
Nanocomposites", Wiley, 2001;ISBN 978-0-471-
% increments. 63700-4.
[5] Z andiatashbar, Ardavan, Picu, Catalin R., Koratkar,
While nanoclay rate increases and stress levels fall, Nikhil (2012). "Control of Epoxy Creep Using
nanoclay rate of strain value increases, inreases can Graphene". Small 8 (11): 1676–1682.
be observed. The bending deformations of nanoclay, doi:10.1002/smll.201102686.
[6] Singh S. K., Singh S., Sharma S. ve Sharma V.,
so it is seen that it clearly improves continuity. Strength Degradation of Mechanical Properties of
Nanoclay; forms fibers a preventive environment in Undirectional E-Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin Nanoclay
the resin. Namely, for increasing the roughness value, Composites under Hygrothermal Loading Conditions,
Procedia Material Science, no. 5, pp. 1114-1119, 2014.
friction force increases and transformation values
[7] Reis P. N. B., Ferreira J. A. M., Zhang Z. Y., Benameur
increase. It is difficult to completely break the resin. T. ve Richardson M. O. V., Impact Response of Kevlar
Composites with Nanoclay Enhanced Epoxy Matrix,
Composites: Part B, no. 46, pp. 7-14, 2012.
[8] Iqbal K., Khan S. U., Munir A. ve Kim J., Impact
Damage Resistance of CFRP with Nanoclay-filled
Epoxy Matrix, Composites Science and Technology,
no. 69, pp. 1949-1957, 2009
[9] Kanny K. ve Mohan T. P., Resin Infusion Analysis of
Nanoclay Filled Glass Fiber Laminates, Composites
Part B, no. 58, pp. 328-334, 2014.
[10] Hakamy A., Shaikh F.U.A., Low I.M. Effect of calcined
nanoclay on microstructural and mechanical properties
of chemically treated hemp fabric-reinforced cement
nanocomposites, Construction and Building Materials,
No95 pp.882-891, 2015
[11] «Toho Tenax» 5 10 2014. Available:
http://www.tohotenax-
eu.com/fileadmin/tohotenax/downloads/Produkte/Techn
Figure 5.5 % Nanoclay reinforced specimen Sem Image ische%20Datenblaetter/en/Filament_Yarn_Overview_2
* Responsibleauthor: alemdarongun@gmail.com 011-03.pdf.
[12] «Hexion Technical Information» 5 10 2014. Available:
http://www.metyx.com/Uploads/GenelDosya/30120139
REFERENCES 318515.pdf
[13] « E. ESAN, Eczacıbaşı esanNANO 1-140» 23 10 2014.
[1] F. S Sanchez, K. Sobolev, Nanotechnology in concrete Available:www.esan.com.tr.
– a review, Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (2010) 2060–2071. [14] «AGS-X Series, Shimadzu» 5.10.2014. Available:
[2] Hakamy A. , F.U.A. Shaikh, I.M. Low, Microstructures http://www.imre.a-
and mechanical properties of hemp fabric reinforced star.edu.sg/fckeditor/uploadfiles/C15-
SNFC%20Factsheet%20-%20SEM1.pdf
Proceedings of The IRES 21st International Conference, Amsterdam, Netherland, 25th December 2015, ISBN: 978-93-85832-79-6
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